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Nandi I, Ji L, Smith HW, Avizonis D, Papavasiliou V, Lavoie C, Pacis A, Attalla S, Sanguin-Gendreau V, Muller WJ. Targeting fatty acid oxidation enhances response to HER2-targeted therapy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6587. [PMID: 39097623 PMCID: PMC11297952 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50998-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming, a hallmark of tumorigenesis, involves alterations in glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Here, we investigate the role of Carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1a (Cpt1a), a key enzyme in long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) oxidation, in ErbB2-driven breast cancers. In ErbB2+ breast cancer models, ablation of Cpt1a delays tumor onset, growth, and metastasis. However, Cpt1a-deficient cells exhibit increased glucose dependency that enables survival and eventual tumor progression. Consequently, these cells exhibit heightened oxidative stress and upregulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activity. Inhibiting Nrf2 or silencing its expression reduces proliferation and glucose consumption in Cpt1a-deficient cells. Combining the ketogenic diet, composed of LCFAs, or an anti-ErbB2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) with Cpt1a deficiency significantly perturbs tumor growth, enhances apoptosis, and reduces lung metastasis. Using an immunocompetent model, we show that Cpt1a inhibition promotes an antitumor immune microenvironment, thereby enhancing the efficacy of anti-ErbB2 mAbs. Our findings underscore the importance of targeting fatty acid oxidation alongside HER2-targeted therapies to combat resistance in HER2+ breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipshita Nandi
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Linjia Ji
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Harvey W Smith
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daina Avizonis
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vasilios Papavasiliou
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cynthia Lavoie
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alain Pacis
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sherif Attalla
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Virginie Sanguin-Gendreau
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - William J Muller
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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2
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Shabaneh TB, Stevens AR, Stull SM, Shimp KR, Seaton BW, Gad EA, Jaeger-Ruckstuhl CA, Simon S, Koehne AL, Price JP, Olson JM, Hoffstrom BG, Jellyman D, Riddell SR. Systemically administered low-affinity HER2 CAR T cells mediate antitumor efficacy without toxicity. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008566. [PMID: 38325903 PMCID: PMC11145640 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The paucity of tumor-specific targets for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy of solid tumors necessitates careful preclinical evaluation of the therapeutic window for candidate antigens. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is an attractive candidate for CAR T-cell therapy in humans but has the potential for eliciting on-target off-tumor toxicity. We developed an immunocompetent tumor model of CAR T-cell therapy targeting murine HER2 (mHER2) and examined the effect of CAR affinity, T-cell dose, and lymphodepletion on safety and efficacy. METHODS Antibodies specific for mHER2 were generated, screened for affinity and specificity, tested for immunohistochemical staining of HER2 on normal tissues, and used for HER2-targeted CAR design. CAR candidates were evaluated for T-cell surface expression and the ability to induce T-cell proliferation, cytokine production, and cytotoxicity when transduced T cells were co-cultured with mHER2+ tumor cells in vitro. Safety and efficacy of various HER2 CARs was evaluated in two tumor models and normal non-tumor-bearing mice. RESULTS Mice express HER2 in the same epithelial tissues as humans, rendering these tissues vulnerable to recognition by systemically administered HER2 CAR T cells. CAR T cells designed with single-chain variable fragment (scFvs) that have high-affinity for HER2 infiltrated and caused toxicity to normal HER2-positive tissues but exhibited poor infiltration into tumors and antitumor activity. In contrast, CAR T cells designed with an scFv with low-affinity for HER2 infiltrated HER2-positive tumors and controlled tumor growth without toxicity. Toxicity mediated by high-affinity CAR T cells was independent of tumor burden and correlated with proliferation of CAR T cells post infusion. CONCLUSIONS Our findings illustrate the disadvantage of high-affinity CARs for targets such as HER2 that are expressed on normal tissues. The use of low-affinity HER2 CARs can safely regress tumors identifying a potential path for therapy of solid tumors that exhibit high levels of HER2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Basel Shabaneh
- Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andrew R Stevens
- Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sylvia M Stull
- Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kristen R Shimp
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Brandon W Seaton
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ekram A Gad
- Comparative Medicine, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Carla A Jaeger-Ruckstuhl
- Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sylvain Simon
- Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Amanda L Koehne
- Experimental Histopathology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jason P Price
- Molecular Design and Therapeutics, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - James M Olson
- Molecular Design and Therapeutics, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - David Jellyman
- Antibody Technology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stanley R Riddell
- Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
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IFI16-dependent STING signaling is a crucial regulator of anti-HER2 immune response in HER2+ breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2201376119. [PMID: 35878022 PMCID: PMC9351446 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2201376119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Relapse to anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies, such as trastuzumab in HER2+ breast cancer (BC), is associated with residual disease progression due to resistance to therapy. Here, we identify interferon-γ inducible protein 16 (IFI16)-dependent STING signaling as a significant determinant of trastuzumab responses in HER2+ BC. We show that down-regulation of immune-regulated genes (IRG) is specifically associated with poor survival of HER2+, but not other BC subtypes. Among IRG, IFI16 is identified as a direct target of EZH2, the underexpression of which leads to deficient STING activation and downstream CXCL10/11 expression in response to trastuzumab treatment. Dual inhibition of EZH2 and histone deacetylase (HDAC) significantly activates IFI16-dependent immune responses to trastuzumab. Notably, a combination of a novel histone methylation inhibitor with an HDAC inhibitor induces complete tumor eradication and long-term T cell memory in a HER2+ BC mouse model. Our findings demonstrate an epigenetic regulatory mechanism suppressing the expression of the IFI16-CXCL10/11 signaling pathway that provides a survival advantage to HER2+ BC to confer resistance to trastuzumab treatment.
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4
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Lewis Phillips G, Guo J, Kiefer JR, Proctor W, Bumbaca Yadav D, Dybdal N, Shen BQ. Trastuzumab does not bind rat or mouse ErbB2/neu: implications for selection of non-clinical safety models for trastuzumab-based therapeutics. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 191:303-317. [PMID: 34708303 PMCID: PMC8763818 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06427-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Assessment of non-clinical safety signals relies on understanding species selectivity of antibodies. This is particularly important with antibody-drug conjugates, where it is key to determine target-dependent versus target-independent toxicity. Although it appears to be widely accepted that trastuzumab does not bind mouse or rat HER2/ErbB2/neu, numerous investigators continue to use mouse models to investigate safety signals of trastuzumab and trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1). We, therefore, conducted a broad array of both binding and biologic studies to demonstrate selectivity of trastuzumab for human HER2 versus mouse/rat neu. METHODS Binding of anti-neu and anti-HER2 antibodies was assessed by ELISA, FACS, IHC, Scatchard, and immunoblot methods in human, rat, and mouse cell lines. In human hepatocytes, T-DM1 uptake and catabolism were measured by LC-MS/MS; cell viability changes were determined using CellTiter-Glo. RESULTS Our data demonstrate, using different binding methods, lack of trastuzumab binding to rat or mouse neu. Structural studies show important amino acid differences in the trastuzumab-HER2 binding interface between mouse/rat and human HER2 ECD. Substitution of these rodent amino acid residues into human HER2 abolish binding of trastuzumab. Cell viability changes, uptake, and catabolism of T-DM1 versus a DM1 non-targeted control ADC were comparable, indicating target-independent effects of the DM1-containing ADCs. Moreover, trastuzumab binding to human or mouse hepatocytes was not detected. CONCLUSIONS These data, in total, demonstrate that trastuzumab, and by extension T-DM1, do not bind rat or mouse neu, underscoring the importance of species selection for safety studies investigating trastuzumab or trastuzumab-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Lewis Phillips
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - James R Kiefer
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William Proctor
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Bumbaca Yadav
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Noel Dybdal
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ben-Quan Shen
- Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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5
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Reduction of Global H3K27me 3 Enhances HER2/ErbB2 Targeted Therapy. Cell Rep 2020; 29:249-257.e8. [PMID: 31597089 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase ERBB2/HER2, such as Trastuzumab, are the standard of care therapy for breast cancers driven by ERBB2 overexpression and activation. However, a substantial proportion of patients exhibit de novo resistance. Here, by comparing matched Trastuzumab-naive and post-treatment patient samples from a neoadjuvant trial, we link resistance with elevation of H3K27me3, a repressive histone modification catalyzed by polycomb repressor complex 2 (PRC2). In ErbB2+ breast cancer models, PRC2 silences endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) to suppress anti-tumor type-I interferon (IFN) responses. In patients, elevated H3K27me3 in tumor cells following Trastuzumab treatment correlates with suppression of interferon-driven viral defense gene expression signatures and poor response. Using an immunocompetent model, we provide evidence that EZH2 inhibitors promote interferon-driven immune responses that enhance the efficacy of anti-ErbB2 mAbs, suggesting the potential clinical benefit of epigenomic reprogramming by H3K27me3 depletion in Trastuzumab-resistant disease.
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6
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Sow HS, Benonisson H, Brouwers C, Linssen MM, Camps M, Breukel C, Claassens J, van Hall T, Ossendorp F, Fransen MF, Verbeek JS. Immunogenicity of rat-neu + mouse mammary tumours determines the T cell-dependent therapeutic efficacy of anti-neu monoclonal antibody treatment. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3933. [PMID: 32127568 PMCID: PMC7054273 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60893-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of Trastuzumab (Herceptin), a monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting HER2/neu, results in an increased median survival in Her2+ breast cancer patients. The tumour mutational burden and the presence of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) clearly correlate with response to trastuzumab. Here, we investigated if the immunogenicity of the transplantable rat-neu+ tumour cell line (TUBO) derived from a BALB/c-NeuT primary tumour is associated with the response to anti-neu mAb therapy. We compared the TUBO tumour outgrowth and tumour infiltrating T cells in isogenic (BALB/c-NeuT) and non-isogenic (WT BALB/c) recipient mice. Furthermore, therapeutic efficacy of anti-neu mAb and the contribution of T cells were examined in both mouse strains. The outgrowth of untreated tumours was significantly better in BALB/c-NeuT than WT BALB/c mice. Moreover, tumour infiltrating T cells were more abundantly present in WT BALB/c than BALB/c-NeuT mice, showing that the TUBO tumour was more immunogenic in WT BALB/c mice. In TUBO tumour bearing WT BALB/c mice, anti-neu mAb therapy resulted in an increase of tumour infiltrating T cells and long-term survival. When T cells were depleted, this strong anti-tumour effect was reduced to an outgrowth delay. In contrast, in TUBO tumour bearing BALB/c-NeuT mice, treatment with anti-neu mAb resulted only in tumour outgrowth delay, both in the presence and absence of T cells. We concluded that in immunogenic tumours the response to anti-neu mAb therapy is enhanced by additional T cell involvement compared to the response to anti-neu mAb in non-immunogenic tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Sheng Sow
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hreinn Benonisson
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Conny Brouwers
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Margot M Linssen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Camps
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cor Breukel
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jill Claassens
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke F Fransen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Sjef Verbeek
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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7
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Gall VA, Philips AV, Qiao N, Clise-Dwyer K, Perakis AA, Zhang M, Clifton GT, Sukhumalchandra P, Ma Q, Reddy SM, Yu D, Molldrem JJ, Peoples GE, Alatrash G, Mittendorf EA. Trastuzumab Increases HER2 Uptake and Cross-Presentation by Dendritic Cells. Cancer Res 2017; 77:5374-5383. [PMID: 28819024 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Early-phase clinical trials evaluating CD8+ T cell-eliciting, HER2-derived peptide vaccines administered to HER2+ breast cancer patients in the adjuvant setting suggest synergy between the vaccines and trastuzumab, the mAb targeting the HER2 protein. Among 60 patients enrolled in clinical trials evaluating the E75 + GM-CSF and GP2 + GM-CSF vaccines, there have been no recurrences in patients vaccinated after receiving trastuzumab as part of standard therapy in the per treatment analyses conducted after a median follow-up of greater than 34 months. Here, we describe a mechanism by which this synergy may occur. Flow cytometry showed that trastuzumab facilitated uptake of HER2 by dendritic cells (DC), which was mediated by the Fc receptor and was specific to trastuzumab. In vitro, increased HER2 uptake by DC increased cross-presentation of E75, the immunodominant epitope derived from the HER2 protein, an observation confirmed in two in vivo mouse models. This increased E75 cross-presentation, mediated by trastuzumab treatment, enabled more efficient expansion of E75-specific cytotoxic T cells (E75-CTL). These results demonstrate a mechanism by which trastuzumab links innate and adaptive immunity by facilitating activation of antigen-specific T cells. On the basis of these data, we conclude that HER2-positive breast cancer patients that have been treated with trastuzumab may experience a more robust antitumor immune response by restimulation of T cells with the E75 peptide vaccine, thereby accounting for the improved disease-free survival observed with combination therapy. Cancer Res; 77(19); 5374-83. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A Gall
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anne V Philips
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Na Qiao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Karen Clise-Dwyer
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Alexander A Perakis
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mao Zhang
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Guy T Clifton
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Pariya Sukhumalchandra
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Qing Ma
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sangeetha M Reddy
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dihua Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey J Molldrem
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Gheath Alatrash
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Elizabeth A Mittendorf
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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8
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Nagai Y, Tsuchiya H, Runkle EA, Young PD, Ji MQ, Norton L, Drebin JA, Zhang H, Greene MI. Disabling of the erbB Pathway Followed by IFN-γ Modifies Phenotype and Enhances Genotoxic Eradication of Breast Tumors. Cell Rep 2015; 12:2049-59. [PMID: 26365188 PMCID: PMC4591220 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Reversion of the malignant phenotype of erbB2-transformed cells can be driven by anti-erbB2/neu monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), which disrupt the receptor's kinase activity. We examined the biologic effects of IFN-γ alone or after anti-erbB2/neu mAb treatment of erbB2-positive cells. IFN-γ had no effect on its own. Treatment of the tumors with anti-erbB2/neu mAbs followed by IFN-γ led to dramatic inhibition of tumor growth in vitro and in vivo with minimal mAb dosing. Sequential therapy enhanced the effects of chemotherapy. Moreover, IFN-γ with mAb treatment of mice with IFNγR knockdown tumors did not demonstrate marked synergistic eradication effects, indicating an unexpected role of IFN-γ on the tumor itself. Additionally, mAb and IFN-γ treatment also induced immune host responses that enhanced tumor eradication. Biochemical analyses identified loss of Snail expression in tumor cells, reflecting diminution of tumor-stem-cell-like properties as a consequence of altered activity of GSK3-β and KLF molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nagai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082, USA
| | - Hiromichi Tsuchiya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082, USA
| | - E Aaron Runkle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082, USA
| | - Peter D Young
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082, USA
| | - Mei Q Ji
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082, USA
| | - Larry Norton
- Department of Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Drebin
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082, USA
| | - Mark I Greene
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082, USA.
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9
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Xu M, Liu M, Du X, Li S, Li H, Li X, Li Y, Wang Y, Qin Z, Fu YX, Wang S. Intratumoral Delivery of IL-21 Overcomes Anti-Her2/Neu Resistance through Shifting Tumor-Associated Macrophages from M2 to M1 Phenotype. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:4997-5006. [PMID: 25876763 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Tumor resistance is a major hurdle to anti-Her2/neu Ab-based cancer therapy. Current strategies to overcome tumor resistance focus on tumor cell-intrinsic resistance. However, the extrinsic mechanisms, especially the tumor microenvironment, also play important roles in modulating the therapeutic response and resistance of the Ab. In this study, we demonstrate that tumor progression is highly associated with TAMs with immune-suppressive M2 phenotypes, and deletion of TAMs markedly enhanced the therapeutic effects of anti-Her2/neu Ab in a HER2/neu-dependent breast cancer cell TUBO model. Tumor local delivery of IL-21 can skew TAM polarization away from the M2 phenotype to a tumor-inhibiting M1 phenotype, which rapidly stimulates T cell responses against tumor and dramatically promotes the therapeutic effect of anti-Her2 Ab. Skewing of TAM polarization by IL-21 relies substantially on direct action of IL-21 on TAMs rather than stimulation of T and NK cells. Thus, our findings identify the abundant TAMs as a major extrinsic barrier for anti-Her2/neu Ab therapy and present a novel approach to combat this extrinsic resistance by tumor local delivery of IL-21 to skew TAM polarization. This study offers a therapeutic strategy to modulate the tumor microenvironment to overcome tumor-extrinsic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; and
| | - Mingyue Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; and
| | - Xuexiang Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; and
| | - Sirui Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; and
| | - Hang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaozhu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ying Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Zhihai Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Shengdian Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
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10
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ERBB2 deficiency alters an E2F-1-dependent adaptive stress response and leads to cardiac dysfunction. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:4232-43. [PMID: 25246633 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00895-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB2 is required for normal development of the heart and is a potent oncogene in breast epithelium. Trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting ERBB2, improves the survival of breast cancer patients, but cardiac dysfunction is a major side effect of the drug. The molecular mechanisms underlying how ERBB2 regulates cardiac function and why trastuzumab is cardiotoxic remain poorly understood. We show here that ERBB2 hypomorphic mice develop cardiac dysfunction that mimics the side effects observed in patients treated with trastuzumab. We demonstrate that this phenotype is related to the critical role played by ERBB2 in cardiac homeostasis and physiological hypertrophy. Importantly, genetic and therapeutic reduction of ERBB2 activity in mice, as well as ablation of ERBB2 signaling by trastuzumab or siRNAs in human cardiomyocytes, led to the identification of an impaired E2F-1-dependent genetic program critical for the cardiac adaptive stress response. These findings demonstrate the existence of a previously unknown mechanistic link between ERBB2 and E2F-1 transcriptional activity in heart physiology and trastuzumab-induced cardiac dysfunction.
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Chen G, Gupta R, Petrik S, Laiko M, Leatherman JM, Asquith JM, Daphtary MM, Garrett-Mayer E, Davidson NE, Hirt K, Berg M, Uram JN, Dauses T, Fetting J, Duus EM, Atay-Rosenthal S, Ye X, Wolff AC, Stearns V, Jaffee EM, Emens LA. A feasibility study of cyclophosphamide, trastuzumab, and an allogeneic GM-CSF-secreting breast tumor vaccine for HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2014; 2:949-61. [PMID: 25116755 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-14-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-secreting tumor vaccines are bioactive, but limited by disease burden and immune tolerance. Cyclophosphamide augments vaccine activity in tolerant neu mice and in patients with metastatic breast cancer. HER2-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) enhance vaccine activity in neu mice. We hypothesized that cyclophosphamide-modulated vaccination with HER2-specific mAb safely induces relevant HER2-specific immunity in neu mice and patients with HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. Adding both cyclophosphamide and the HER2-specific mAb 7.16.4 to vaccination maximized HER2-specific CD8+ T-cell immunity and tumor-free survival in neu transgenic mice. We, therefore, conducted a single-arm feasibility study of cyclophosphamide, an allogeneic HER2+ GM-CSF-secreting breast tumor vaccine, and weekly trastuzumab in 20 patients with HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. Primary clinical trial objectives were safety and clinical benefit, in which clinical benefit represents complete response + partial response + stable disease. Secondary study objectives were to assess HER2-specific T-cell responses by delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) and intracellular cytokine staining. Patients received three monthly vaccinations, with a boost 6 to 8 months from trial entry. This combination immunotherapy was safe, with clinical benefit rates at 6 months and 1 year of 55% [95% confidence interval (CI), 32%-77%; P = 0.013] and 40% (95% CI, 19%-64%), respectively. Median progression-free survival and overall survival durations were 7 months (95% CI, 4-16) and 42 months (95% CI, 22-70), respectively. Increased HER2-specific DTH developed in 7 of 20 patients [of whom 4 had clinical benefit (95% CI, 18-90)], with a trend toward longer progression-free survival and overall survival in DTH responders. Polyfunctional HER2-specific CD8+ T cells progressively expanded across vaccination cycles. Further investigation of cyclophosphamide-modulated vaccination with trastuzumab is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Richa Gupta
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Silvia Petrik
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Marina Laiko
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James M Leatherman
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Justin M Asquith
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Maithili M Daphtary
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Nancy E Davidson
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute and UPMC CancerCenter, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kellie Hirt
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Maureen Berg
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jennifer N Uram
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tianna Dauses
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John Fetting
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth M Duus
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Saadet Atay-Rosenthal
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xiaobu Ye
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Antonio C Wolff
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Vered Stearns
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth M Jaffee
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Program in Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Leisha A Emens
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Program in Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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12
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HER2/neu: an increasingly important therapeutic target. Part 2: Distribution of HER2/neu overexpression and gene amplification by organ, tumor site and histology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4155/cli.14.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Sahin O, Wang Q, Brady SW, Ellis K, Wang H, Chang CC, Zhang Q, Priya P, Zhu R, Wong ST, Landis MD, Muller WJ, Esteva FJ, Chang J, Yu D. Biomarker-guided sequential targeted therapies to overcome therapy resistance in rapidly evolving highly aggressive mammary tumors. Cell Res 2014; 24:542-59. [PMID: 24675532 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2014.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Combinatorial targeted therapies are more effective in treating cancer by blocking by-pass mechanisms or inducing synthetic lethality. However, their clinical application is hampered by resistance and toxicity. To meet this important challenge, we developed and tested a novel concept of biomarker-guided sequential applications of various targeted therapies using ErbB2-overexpressing/PTEN-low, highly aggressive breast cancer as our model. Strikingly, sustained activation of ErbB2 and downstream pathways drives trastuzumab resistance in both PTEN-low/trastuzumab-resistant breast cancers from patients and mammary tumors with intratumoral heterogeneity from genetically-engineered mice. Although lapatinib initially inhibited trastuzumab-resistant mouse tumors, tumors by-passed the inhibition by activating the PI3K/mTOR signaling network as shown by the quantitative protein arrays. Interestingly, activation of the mTOR pathway was also observed in neoadjuvant lapatinib-treated patients manifesting lapatinib resistance. Trastuzumab + lapatinib resistance was effectively overcome by sequential application of a PI3K/mTOR dual kinase inhibitor (BEZ235) with no significant toxicity. However, our p-RTK array analysis demonstrated that BEZ235 treatment led to increased ErbB2 expression and phosphorylation in genetically-engineered mouse tumors and in 3-D, but not 2-D, culture, leading to BEZ235 resistance. Mechanistically, we identified ErbB2 protein stabilization and activation as a novel mechanism of BEZ235 resistance, which was reversed by subsequent treatment with lapatinib + BEZ235 combination. Remarkably, this sequential application of targeted therapies guided by biomarker changes in the tumors rapidly evolving resistance doubled the life-span of mice bearing exceedingly aggressive tumors. This fundamentally novel approach of using targeted therapies in a sequential order can effectively target and reprogram the signaling networks in cancers evolving resistance during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgur Sahin
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA [2] Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey 06800
| | - Qingfei Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Samuel W Brady
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA [2] Cancer Biology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences-Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kenneth Ellis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chia-Chi Chang
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA [2] Cancer Biology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences-Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qingling Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Preety Priya
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA [2] Cancer Biology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences-Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rui Zhu
- The Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | - William J Muller
- Goodman Cancer Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Francisco J Esteva
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jenny Chang
- The Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dihua Yu
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA [2] Cancer Biology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences-Houston, TX 77030, USA
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WANG QINGFEI, DING HUI, LIU BAORUI, LI SHAUHSUAN, LI PING, GE HAILIANG, ZHANG KUI. Addition of the Akt inhibitor triciribine overcomes antibody resistance in cells from ErbB2/Neu-positive/PTEN-deficient mammary tumors. Int J Oncol 2014; 44:1277-83. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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15
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Du T, Nagai Y, Xiao Y, Greene MI, Zhang H. Lysosome-dependent p300/FOXP3 degradation and limits Treg cell functions and enhances targeted therapy against cancers. Exp Mol Pathol 2013; 95:38-45. [PMID: 23644046 PMCID: PMC3963828 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
p300 is one of several acetyltransferases that regulate FOXP3 acetylation and functions. Our recent studies have defined a complex set of histone acetyltransferase interactions which can lead to enhanced or repressed changes in FOXP3 function. We have explored the use of a natural p300 inhibitor, Garcinol, as a tool to understand mechanisms by which p300 regulates FOXP3 acetylation. In the presence of Garcinol, p300 appears to become disassociated from the FOXP3 complex and undergoes lysosome-dependent degradation. As a consequence of p300's physical absence, FOXP3 becomes less acetylated and eventually degraded, a process that cannot be rescued by the proteasome inhibitor MG132. p300 plays a complex role in FOXP3 acetylation, as it could also acetylate a subset of four Lys residues that repressively regulate total FOXP3 acetylation. Garcinol acts as a degradation device to reduce the suppressive activity of regulatory T cells (Treg) and to enhance the in vivo anti-tumor activity of a targeted therapeutic anti-p185(her2/neu) (ERBB2) antibody in MMTV-neu transgenics implanted with neu transformed breast tumor cells. Our studies provide the rationale for molecules that disrupt p300 stability to limit Treg functions in targeted therapies for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taofeng Du
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, 3620 Hamilton Walk, PA 19104, USA
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yasuhiro Nagai
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, 3620 Hamilton Walk, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yan Xiao
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, 3620 Hamilton Walk, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mark I. Greene
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, 3620 Hamilton Walk, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, 3620 Hamilton Walk, PA 19104, USA
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16
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Cai Z, Fu T, Nagai Y, Lam L, Yee M, Zhu Z, Zhang H. scFv-based "Grababody" as a general strategy to improve recruitment of immune effector cells to antibody-targeted tumors. Cancer Res 2013; 73:2619-27. [PMID: 23396586 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recruitment of immune cells to tumor cells targeted by a therapeutic antibody can heighten the antitumor efficacy of the antibody. For example, p185(her2/neu)-targeting antibodies not only downregulate the p185(her2/neu) kinase (ERBB2) but also trigger complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) through the antibody Fc region. Here, we describe a generalized strategy to improve immune cell recruitment to targeted cancer cells, using a modified scFv antibody we call a "Grababody" that binds the target protein and endogenous immunoglobulins. The model system we used to illustrate the use of this platform recognizes p185(her2/neu) and includes an IgG binding domain. The recombinant scFv Grababody that was created recruited circulating human IgGs and attracted immune cells carrying Fc receptors to tumor cells that expressed p185(her2/neu). The presence of the IgG binding domain significantly enhanced CDC and ADCC activity and improved antitumor activity in vivo. Our results illustrate a novel general approach to improve antibody-like proteins for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Cai
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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17
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Mortenson ED, Park S, Jiang Z, Wang S, Fu YX. Effective anti-neu-initiated antitumor responses require the complex role of CD4+ T cells. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:1476-86. [PMID: 23363817 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-2522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Targeting oncogenic receptors with antibodies has been thought to suppress tumor growth mainly by interrupting oncogenic signals. Recently, the essential role for adaptive immunity, and CD8(+) T cells in particular, has been established as a major factor for anti-HER2/neu-mediated tumor regression. However, the role of CD4(+) T cells is still being defined. The purpose of this study was to explore whether and to what extent CD4(+) T cells are involved in mediating the effects of anti-HER2/neu therapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The role of CD4(+) T cells was examined using a transplant model of the rat HER2/neu-overexpressing cell line TUBO. Tumor-bearing mice were treated with anti-neu therapy in conjunction with CD4 depletion or CD40L blockade. The effects of CD4 depletion on the antitumor response were examined by tumor growth analysis and enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT). RESULTS In addition to CD8(+) T cells, CD4(+) T cells are also essential for anti-neu antibody-mediated tumor regression, but B cells are not required. The role for CD4(+) cells is necessary throughout anti-neu therapy and not limited to helping CD8(+) T cells. Expression of IFN-γ is necessary for anti-neu therapy and IFN-γ induces MHC-II expression in TUBO cells promoting direct recognition by CD4(+) T cells. Furthermore, intratumoral depletion of CD4(+) T cells or blockade of the activating cell-surface protein CD40L inhibits the antitumor response. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals the essential role of CD4(+) T cell for anti-neu-mediated tumor regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Mortenson
- Institute of Biophysics and the University of Chicago Group for Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory for Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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18
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Kohler H, Rector K, Amick J. Generation of a potent recombinant homophilic chimeric anti-CD20 antibody. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2012; 31:395-402. [PMID: 23244317 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2012.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Previously we increased the potency of therapeutic antibodies in targeting, induction of apoptosis, and growth inhibition in vitro and in vivo by chemically conjugating a homophilic peptide to the antibody. Here, we describe the construction of a chimeric fusion gene derived from the murine anti-CD20 antibody (1F5) variable region, with an engineered homophilic domain at the C-terminus of the human IgG1 sequence. The construct was expressed in CHO suspension cells and purified. The potency of the homophilic anti-CD20 antibody was compared to a chimeric antibody without the engineered homophilic domain. In this comparison, the homophilic anti-CD20 antibody showed increased binding to a human CD20 cell line, and significantly more ADCC, CDC, and induction of apoptosis in three cell lines. In addition, the homophilic anti-CD20 antibody demonstrated increased inhibition of proliferation of two cell lines. These data show that homophilic fusion protein antibodies with enhanced therapeutic potency can be produced with industry-standard fermentation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Kohler
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, University of Kentucky, 600 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0096E, USA.
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19
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Wang Q, Li SH, Wang H, Xiao Y, Sahin O, Brady SW, Li P, Ge H, Jaffee EM, Muller WJ, Hortobagyi GN, Yu D. Concomitant targeting of tumor cells and induction of T-cell response synergizes to effectively inhibit trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer. Cancer Res 2012; 72:4417-28. [PMID: 22773664 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-1339-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Trastuzumab is an iconic rationally designed targeted therapy for HER2-positive breast cancers. However, the low response rate and development of resistance call for novel approaches for the treatment of patients. Here, we report that concurrent targeting of tumor cells and activation of T cells in the tumor microenvironment results in a synergistic inhibitory effect on tumor growth and overcomes resistance in two distinct PTEN loss-mediated trastuzumab-resistant mammary tumor mouse models. In vivo combination treatment with HER2/Neu antibody and Akt inhibitor triciribine effectively inhibited tumor growth in both models via inhibiting PI3K/AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling accompanied by increased T-cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. We showed that both CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells were essential to the optimal antitumor effect of this combination treatment in an IFN-γ-dependent manner. Importantly, the antitumor activities of HER2/Neu antibody and triciribine combination treatment were further improved when coinhibitory receptor cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 was blocked to enhance the T-cell response. Our data indicate that multitargeted combinatorial therapies targeting tumor cells and concomitantly enhancing T-cell response in the tumor microenvironment could cooperate to exert maximal therapeutic activity, suggesting a promising clinical strategy for treating trastuzumab-resistant breast cancers and other advanced malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfei Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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20
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Murali R, Greene MI. Structure based antibody-like peptidomimetics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2012; 5:209-35. [PMID: 24288089 PMCID: PMC3763629 DOI: 10.3390/ph5020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biologics such as monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and soluble receptors represent new classes of therapeutic agents for treatment of several diseases. High affinity and high specificity biologics can be utilized for variety of clinical purposes. Monoclonal antibodies have been used as diagnostic agents when coupled with radionuclide, immune modulatory agents or in the treatment of cancers. Among other limitations of using large molecules for therapy the actual cost of biologics has become an issue. There is an effort among chemists and biologists to reduce the size of biologics which includes monoclonal antibodies and receptors without a reduction of biological efficacy. Single chain antibody, camel antibodies, Fv fragments are examples of this type of deconstructive process. Small high-affinity peptides have been identified using phage screening. Our laboratory used a structure-based approach to develop small-size peptidomimetics from the three-dimensional structure of proteins with immunoglobulin folds as exemplified by CD4 and antibodies. Peptides derived either from the receptor or their cognate ligand mimics the functions of the parental macromolecule. These constrained peptides not only provide a platform for developing small molecule drugs, but also provide insight into the atomic features of protein-protein interactions. A general overview of the reduction of monoclonal antibodies to small exocyclic peptide and its prospects as a useful diagnostic and as a drug in the treatment of cancer are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Murali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, D5091 Davis Building, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mark I. Greene
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Anti-ErbB-2 mAb therapy requires type I and II interferons and synergizes with anti-PD-1 or anti-CD137 mAb therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:7142-7. [PMID: 21482773 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1016569108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2/ErbB-2), has become the mainstay of treatment for HER2-positive breast cancer. Nevertheless, its exact mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated. Although several studies suggest that Fc receptor-expressing immune cells are involved in trastuzumab therapy, the relative contribution of lymphocyte-mediated cellular cytotoxicity and antitumor cytokines remains unknown. We report here that anti-ErbB-2 mAb therapy is dependent on the release of type I and type II IFNs but is independent of perforin or FasL. Our study thus challenges the notion that classical antibody-dependent, lymphocyte-mediated cellular cytotoxicity is important for trastuzumab. We demonstrate that anti-ErbB-2 mAb therapy of experimental tumors derived from MMTV-ErbB-2 transgenic mice triggers MyD88-dependent signaling and primes IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cells. Adoptive cell transfer of purified T cell subsets confirmed the essential role of IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cells. Notably, anti-ErbB-2 mAb therapy was independent of IL-1R or IL-17Ra signaling. Finally, we investigated whether immunostimulatory approaches with antibodies against programmed death-1 (PD-1) or 41BB (CD137) could be used to capitalize on the immune-mediated effects of trastuzumab. We demonstrate that anti-PD-1 or anti-CD137 mAb can significantly improve the therapeutic activity of anti-ErbB-2 mAb in immunocompetent mice.
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Orlandi F, Guevara-Patiño JA, Merghoub T, Wolchok JD, Houghton AN, Gregor PD. Combination of epitope-optimized DNA vaccination and passive infusion of monoclonal antibody against HER2/neu leads to breast tumor regression in mice. Vaccine 2011; 29:3646-54. [PMID: 21435405 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 02/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
HER2/neu is an oncogene amplified and over-expressed in 20-30% of breast adenocarcinomas. Treatment with the humanized monoclonal antibody trastuzumab has shown efficacy in combination with cytotoxic agents, although resistance occurs over time. Novel approaches are needed to further increase antibody efficacy. In this study, we provide evidence in a mouse breast cancer therapeutic tumor model that the combination of active immunization with a modified HER2/neu DNA vaccine and passive infusion of an anti-HER2/neu monoclonal antibody leads to significant regression of established tumors. Our data indicate that combination therapy with a HER2/neu DNA vaccine and trastuzumab may have clinical activity in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Orlandi
- The Swim Across America Laboratory, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, United States
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Cai Z, Zhang H, Liu J, Berezov A, Murali R, Wang Q, Greene MI. Targeting erbB receptors. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2010; 21:961-6. [PMID: 20850557 PMCID: PMC5940346 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Our work is concerned with the origins and therapy of human cancers. Members of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family of tyrosine kinases, also known as erbB or HER receptors, are over expressed and/or activated in many types of human tumors and represent important therapeutic targets in cancer therapy. Studies from our laboratory identified targeted therapy as a way to treat cancer. Rational therapeutics targeting and disabling erbB receptors have been developed to reverse the malignant properties of tumors. Reversal of the malignant phenotype, best seen with disabling the HER2 receptors using monoclonal antibodies is a distinct process from that seen with blocking of ligand binding to cognate receptors as has been done for EGFr receptors. Here we review the mechanisms of action deduced from a number of approaches developed in our laboratory and elsewhere, including monoclonal antibodies, peptide mimetics, recombinant proteins and small molecules. The biochemical and biological principles which have been uncovered during these studies of disabling HER2 homomeric or HER2-EGFr heteromeric receptors will help the development of novel and more efficient therapeutics targeting erbB family receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Cai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082, USA
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Alan Berezov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, S122A Steven Spielberg Building, 8725 Alden Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Ramachandran Murali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Davis Building, # 4092, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Qiang Wang
- Women’s Cancer Research Institute at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Mark I. Greene
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082, USA
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Park S, Jiang Z, Mortenson ED, Deng L, Radkevich-Brown O, Yang X, Sattar H, Wang Y, Brown NK, Greene M, Liu Y, Tang J, Wang S, Fu YX. The therapeutic effect of anti-HER2/neu antibody depends on both innate and adaptive immunity. Cancer Cell 2010; 18:160-70. [PMID: 20708157 PMCID: PMC2923645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 426] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Anti-HER2/neu antibody therapy is reported to mediate tumor regression by interrupting oncogenic signals and/or inducing FcR-mediated cytotoxicity. Here, we demonstrate that the mechanisms of tumor regression by this therapy also require the adaptive immune response. Activation of innate immunity and T cells, initiated by antibody treatment, was necessary. Intriguingly, the addition of chemotherapeutic drugs, although capable of enhancing the reduction of tumor burden, could abrogate antibody-initiated immunity leading to decreased resistance to rechallenge or earlier relapse. Increased influx of both innate and adaptive immune cells into the tumor microenvironment by a selected immunotherapy further enhanced subsequent antibody-induced immunity, leading to increased tumor eradication and resistance to rechallenge. This study proposes a model and strategy for anti-HER2/neu antibody-mediated tumor clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- SaeGwang Park
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of INJE, 633-165, Gaegum-Dong, Jin-Gu, Busan, 614-735, Korea
| | - Zhujun Jiang
- Center for Infection and Immunity and National key laboratory of macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Eric D. Mortenson
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Liufu Deng
- Center for Infection and Immunity and National key laboratory of macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Olga Radkevich-Brown
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Xuanming Yang
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Husain Sattar
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Nicholas K. Brown
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Mark Greene
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, 252 John Morgan Building, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Jie Tang
- Center for Infection and Immunity and National key laboratory of macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shengdian Wang
- Center for Infection and Immunity and National key laboratory of macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Center for Infection and Immunity and National key laboratory of macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
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25
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Neuregulin-ErbB signaling promotes microglial proliferation and chemotaxis contributing to microgliosis and pain after peripheral nerve injury. J Neurosci 2010; 30:5437-50. [PMID: 20392965 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5169-09.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A key component in the response of the nervous system to injury is the proliferation and switch to a "proinflammatory" phenotype by microglia (microgliosis). In situations where the blood-brain barrier is intact, microglial numbers increase via the proliferation and chemotaxis of resident microglia; however, there is limited knowledge regarding the factors mediating this response. After peripheral nerve injury, a dorsal horn microgliosis develops, which directly contributes to the development of neuropathic pain. Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) is a growth and differentiation factor with a well characterized role in neural and cardiac development. Microglia express the NRG1 receptors erbB2, 3, and 4, and NRG1 signaling via the erbB2 receptor stimulated microglial proliferation, chemotaxis, and survival, as well as interleukin-1beta release in vitro. Intrathecal treatment with NRG1 resulted in microglial proliferation within the dorsal horn, and these cells developed an activated morphology. This microglial response was associated with the development of both mechanical and cold pain-related hypersensitivity. Primary afferents express NRG1, and after spinal nerve ligation (SNL) we observed both an increase in NRG1 within the dorsal horn as well as activation of erbB2 specifically within microglia. Blockade of the erbB2 receptor or sequestration of endogenous NRG after SNL reduced the proliferation, the number of microglia with an activated morphology, and the expression of phospho-P38 by microglia. Furthermore, consequent to such changes, the mechanical pain-related hypersensitivity and cold allodynia were reduced. NRG1-erbB signaling therefore represents a novel pathway regulating the injury response of microglia.
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Riccio G, Esposito G, Leoncini E, Contu R, Condorelli G, Chiariello M, Laccetti P, Hrelia S, D'Alessio G, De Lorenzo C. Cardiotoxic effects, or lack thereof, of anti‐ErbB2 immunoagents. FASEB J 2009; 23:3171-8. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-131383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Riccio
- Dipartimento di Biologia Strutturale e Funzionale Università di Napoli Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica Scienze Cardiovascolari ed Immunologiche Università di Napoli Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Emanuela Leoncini
- Dipartimento di Biochimica “G.Moruzzi,” Università di Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Riccardo Contu
- Istituto Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Multimedica Milan Italy
| | | | - Massimo Chiariello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica Scienze Cardiovascolari ed Immunologiche Università di Napoli Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Paolo Laccetti
- Dipartimento di Biologia Strutturale e Funzionale Università di Napoli Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- Dipartimento di Biochimica “G.Moruzzi,” Università di Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Giuseppe D'Alessio
- Dipartimento di Biologia Strutturale e Funzionale Università di Napoli Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Claudia De Lorenzo
- Dipartimento di Biologia Strutturale e Funzionale Università di Napoli Federico II Naples Italy
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27
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Zhang H, Berezov A, Wang Q, Zhang G, Drebin J, Murali R, Greene MI. ErbB receptors: from oncogenes to targeted cancer therapies. J Clin Invest 2007; 117:2051-8. [PMID: 17671639 PMCID: PMC1934579 DOI: 10.1172/jci32278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genetic origin of cancer at the molecular level has facilitated the development of novel targeted therapies. Aberrant activation of the ErbB family of receptors is implicated in many human cancers and is already the target of several anticancer therapeutics. The use of mAbs specific for the extracellular domain of ErbB receptors was the first implementation of rational targeted therapy. The cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain is also a preferred target for small compounds that inhibit the kinase activity of these receptors. However, current therapy has not yet been optimized, allowing for opportunities for optimization of the next generation of targeted therapy, particularly with regards to inhibiting heteromeric ErbB family receptor complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alan Berezov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Geng Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeffrey Drebin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ramachandran Murali
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark I. Greene
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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28
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Pentassuglia L, Timolati F, Seifriz F, Abudukadier K, Suter TM, Zuppinger C. Inhibition of ErbB2/neuregulin signaling augments paclitaxel-induced cardiotoxicity in adult ventricular myocytes. Exp Cell Res 2007; 313:1588-601. [PMID: 17400210 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2006] [Revised: 02/05/2007] [Accepted: 02/06/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Paclitaxel (Taxol) has been successfully combined with the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin) in the treatment of ErbB2 overexpressing cancers. However, this combination therapy showed an unexpected synergistic increase in cardiac dysfunction. We have studied the mechanisms of paclitaxel/anti-ErbB2 cardiotoxicity in adult rat ventricular myocytes (ARVM). Myofibrillar organization was assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy and cell viability was tested by the TUNEL-, LDH- and MTT-assay. Oxidative stress was measured by DCF-fluorescence and myocyte contractile function by video edge-detection and fura-2 fluorescence. Treatment of ARVM with paclitaxel or antibodies to ErbB2 caused a significant increase in myofilament degradation, similarly as observed with an inhibitor of MAPK-signaling, but not apoptosis, necrosis or changes in mitochondrial activity. Paclitaxel-treatment and anti-ErbB2 reduced Erk1/2 phosphorylation. Paclitaxel increased diastolic calcium, shortened relaxation time and reduced fractional shortening in combination with anti-ErbB2. A minor increase in oxidative stress by paclitaxel or anti-ErbB2 was found. We conclude, that concomitant inhibition of ErbB2 receptors and paclitaxel treatment has an additive worsening effect on adult cardiomyocytes, mainly discernible in changes of myofibrillar structure and function, but in the absence of cell death. A potential mechanism is the modulation of the MAPK/Erk1/2 signaling by both drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pentassuglia
- Swiss Cardiovascular Center Bern, University Hospital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
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29
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Zhang H, Cheng X, Richter M, Greene MI. A sensitive and high-throughput assay to detect low-abundance proteins in serum. Nat Med 2006; 12:473-7. [PMID: 16532003 DOI: 10.1038/nm1378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2005] [Accepted: 11/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The ability to detect antigens immunologically is limited by the affinity of the antibodies and the amount of antigens. We have now succeeded in creating a modular, facile amplification system, termed fluorescent amplification catalyzed by T7 polymerase technique (FACTT). Such a system can detect protein targets specifically at subfemtomolar levels ( approximately 0.08 fM). We describe here the detection of Her2 (also known as Neu) from rodent and human sera. FACTT is adaptable to high-throughput screening and automation and provides a practical method to enhance current ELISAs in medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Zhang
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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30
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Bussolati G, Montemurro F, Righi L, Donadio M, Aglietta M, Sapino A. A modified Trastuzumab antibody for the immunohistochemical detection of HER-2 overexpression in breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2005; 92:1261-7. [PMID: 15812476 PMCID: PMC2361978 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunohistochemical determination of HER-2 to identify patients with advanced breast cancer candidates for Trastuzumab treatment proved neither accurate nor fully reliable, possibly because none of the current reagents detects the specific antigenic site target of Trastuzumab. To circumvent this problem, we conjugated the NH2 groups of Trastuzumab with biotin, and the compound obtained, designated BiotHER, was added directly to tissue sections. Biotin-labelling was revealed with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin. Specificity and sensitivity of BiotHER immunostaining with respect to HER-2 amplification were tested on 164 breast carcinoma samples. BiotHER staining was detected on the tumour cell membrane of 12% of all specimens and in 49% specimens with gene amplification, while absent in nonamplified tumours. Predictivity of BiotHER status with respect to the clinical outcome was analysed in 54 patients with HER-2 amplified advanced breast cancer treated with Trastuzumab plus chemotherapy. BiotHER staining, detected in 50% of tumours with HER-2 amplification, was an independent predictor of clinical outcome. In fact, BiotHER positivity was independently associated with increased likelihood of tumour response and reduced risk of tumour progression and death. Biotinylated Trastuzumab can thus be used for immunohistochemical detection of HER-2 overexpression in breast cancer, and has the potential to identify patients likely to benefit from Trastuzumab treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bussolati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy.
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31
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Abstract
Insight into the molecular mechanisms of malignant transformation is changing the way cancer is being treated. Conventional treatment strategies target the DNA of all dividing cells, resulting in a significantly increased risk of collateral toxicity. In addition, the accumulation of multiple mutations leads to drug resistance in many cancer cells. Targeted strategies have now been developed that specifically disrupt oncogenically active cell surface receptors and endogenous signaling molecules. These agents have a much greater selectivity for tumor tissue and decreased risk of side effects. Increased signaling through ErbB receptors via gene amplification, overexpression, and mutation has been implicated in many human cancers and associated with poor prognosis. Interruption of this process has been shown to cause antitumor effects. Downregulation of the ErbB receptors, HER-2/neu, and later EGFR, with monoclonal antibodies was the first demonstration of targeted therapy. Subsequently, the ErbB tyrosine kinase domain has been successfully targeted with small molecule inhibitors. The development of novel ErbB-directed entities is ongoing, with particular promise being shown by strategies targeting receptor interaction in oligomeric complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Richter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082, USA
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32
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Peterson NC, Servinsky MD, Christian A, Peng Z, Qiu W, Mann J, Dicello J, Huso DL. Tamoxifen resistance and Her2/neu expression in an aged, irradiated rat breast carcinoma model. Carcinogenesis 2005; 26:1542-52. [PMID: 15860508 PMCID: PMC1224736 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgi103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear links have been established between occupational or therapeutic radiation exposure and breast cancer. Tamoxifen chemoprevention following radiation exposure may be able to reduce the risk of developing breast cancer later in life. In order to model carcinogenesis in this setting, an in vivo model of tamoxifen chemoprevention and tamoxifen failure in a radiation-induced rat mammary carcinoma model was characterized. Two hundred and twenty-seven 60-day-old female rats received whole body or sham exposure to ionizing radiation. Thirty days later long-term, continuous, tamoxifen chemoprevention was initiated in half the population and all animals were monitored over three and a half years for the development of mammary tumors. Mammary tumors were surgically removed and carcinomas were histologically identified and characterized. Results showed that tamoxifen chemoprevention decreased the incidence and prolonged the latency of radiation-induced mammary carcinomas. However, many individuals receiving tamoxifen chemoprevention developed their first carcinoma very late in life. These carcinomas shared morphological features distinct from the majority of carcinomas that developed in the absence of tamoxifen chemoprevention. Analyses of cell lines established from these carcinomas and immunohistochemistry of tumor sections revealed that the highest levels of Her2/neu expression were associated with in vivo tamoxifen exposure. Treatment of rat mammary carcinoma cells with an anti-rat Her2/neu monoclonal antibody (MAb 7.16.4) inhibited cell growth and this effect was more pronounced in the presence of tamoxifen. These studies suggest that carcinoma growth driven by the Her2/neu pathway may be associated with tamoxifen chemoprevention failure in the rat mammary carcinoma model. Additionally, strategies combining targeted Her2/neu antibodies, vaccines or drugs with estrogen pathway modification may be more effective in reducing breast cancer chemoprevention failures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman C Peterson
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 733 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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33
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Berezov A, Chen J, Liu Q, Zhang HT, Greene MI, Murali R. Disabling receptor ensembles with rationally designed interface peptidomimetics. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:28330-9. [PMID: 12011054 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m202880200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the erbB family receptor tyrosine kinases (erbB1, erbB2, erbB3, and erbB4) are overexpressed in a variety of human cancers and represent important targets for the structure-based drug design. Homo- and heterodimerization (oligomerization) of the erbB receptors are known to be critical events for receptor signaling. To block receptor self-associations, we have designed a series of peptides derived from potential dimerization surfaces in the extracellular subdomain IV of the erbB receptors (erbB peptides). In surface plasmon resonance (BIAcore) studies, the designed peptides have been shown to selectively bind to the erbB receptor ectodomains and isolated subdomain IV of erbB2 with submicromolar affinities and to inhibit heregulin-induced interactions of erbB3 with different erbB receptors. A dose-dependent inhibition of native erbB receptor dimerization by the erbB peptides has been observed in 32D cell lines transfected with different combinations of erbB receptors. The peptides effectively inhibited growth of two types of transformed cells overexpressing different erbB receptors, T6-17 and 32D, in standard MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and cell viability assays. The study identifies distinct loops within the membrane-proximal part of the subdomain IV as potential receptor-receptor interaction sites for the erbB receptors and demonstrates the possibility of disabling receptor activity by structure-based targeting of the dimerization interfaces. Molecular models for possible arrangement of the erbB1.EGF complex, consistent with the involvement of subdomain IV in inter-receptor interactions, are proposed. Small dimerization inhibitors described herein can be useful as probes to elucidate different erbB signaling pathways and may be developed as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Berezov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and the Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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34
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Berezov A, Zhang HT, Greene MI, Murali R. Disabling erbB receptors with rationally designed exocyclic mimetics of antibodies: structure-function analysis. J Med Chem 2001; 44:2565-74. [PMID: 11472210 DOI: 10.1021/jm000527m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of the HER2 receptor is observed in about 30% of breast and ovarian cancers and is often associated with an unfavorable prognosis. We have recently designed an anti-HER2 peptide (AHNP) based on the structure of the CDR-H3 loop of the anti-HER2 rhumAb 4D5 and showed that this peptide can mimic some functions of rhumAb 4D5. The peptide disabled HER2 tyrosine kinases in vitro and in vivo similar to the monoclonal antibody (Park, B.-W. et al. Nat. Biotechnol. 2000, 18, 194--198). AHNP has been shown to selectively bind to the extracellular domain of the HER2 receptor with a submicromolar affinity in Biacore assays. In the present paper, we demonstrate that in addition to being a structural and functional mimic of rhumAb 4D5, AHNP can also effectively compete with the antibody for binding to the HER2 receptor indicating a similar binding site for the peptide and the parental antibody. To further develop AHNP as an antitumor agent useful for preclinical trials and as a radiopharmaceutical to be used for tumor imaging, a number of derivatives of AHNP have been designed. Structure--function relationships have been studied using surface plasmon resonance technology. Some of the AHNP analogues have improved binding properties, solubility, and cytotoxic activity relative to AHNP. Residues in the exocyclic region of AHNP appear to be essential for high-affinity binding. Kinetic and equilibrium analysis of peptide-receptor binding for various AHNP analogues revealed a strong correlation between peptide binding characteristics and their biological activity. For AHNP analogues, dissociation rate constants have been shown to be better indicators of peptide biological activity than receptor-binding affinities. This study demonstrates a possibility of mimicking the well-documented antibody effects and its applications in tumor therapy by much smaller antibody-based cyclic peptides with potentially significant therapeutic advantages. Strategies used to improve binding properties of rationally designed AHNP analogues are discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Binding, Competitive
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Drug Design
- Kinetics
- Mice
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Mimicry
- Oligopeptides/chemical synthesis
- Oligopeptides/chemistry
- Oligopeptides/metabolism
- Oligopeptides/pharmacology
- Peptides, Cyclic/chemical synthesis
- Peptides, Cyclic/chemistry
- Peptides, Cyclic/metabolism
- Peptides, Cyclic/pharmacology
- Radiopharmaceuticals/chemical synthesis
- Radiopharmaceuticals/chemistry
- Receptor, ErbB-2/drug effects
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Solubility
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Surface Plasmon Resonance
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- A Berezov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 36th and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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35
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Park BW, Zhang HT, Wu C, Berezov A, Zhang X, Dua R, Wang Q, Kao G, O'Rourke DM, Greene MI, Murali R. Rationally designed anti-HER2/neu peptide mimetic disables P185HER2/neu tyrosine kinases in vitro and in vivo. Nat Biotechnol 2000; 18:194-8. [PMID: 10657127 DOI: 10.1038/72651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies specific for the p185HER2/neu growth factor receptor represent a significant advance in receptor-based therapy for p185HER2/neu-expressing human cancers. We have used a structure-based approach to develop a small (1.5 kDa) exocyclic anti-HER2/neu peptide mimic (AHNP) functionally similar to an anti-p185HER2/neu monoclonal antibody, 4D5 (Herceptin). The AHNP mimetic specifically binds to p185HER2/neu with high affinity (KD=300 nM). This results in inhibition of proliferation of p185HER2/neu-overexpressing tumor cells, and inhibition of colony formation in vitro and growth of p185HER2/neu-expressing tumors in athymic mice. In addition, the mimetic sensitizes the tumor cells to apoptosis when used in conjunction with ionizing radiation or chemotherapeutic agents. A comparison of the molar quantities of the Herceptin antibody and the AHNP mimetic required for inhibiting cell growth and anchorage-independent growth showed generally similar activities. The structure-based derivation of the AHNP represents a novel strategy for the design of receptor-specific tumor therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
- Apoptosis
- Astrocytoma
- Biosensing Techniques
- Doxorubicin/therapeutic use
- Drug Design
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Gamma Rays
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Molecular Mimicry
- Protein Binding
- Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
- Receptor, ErbB-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Trastuzumab
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/radiation effects
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Park
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Receptor Biology and Cell Growth, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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