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Gómez-Mínguez Y, Palacios-Abella A, Costigliolo-Rojas C, Barber M, Hernández-Villa L, Úrbez C, Alabadí D. The prefoldin-like protein AtURI exhibits characteristics of intrinsically disordered proteins. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:556-570. [PMID: 38302844 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The prefoldin-like protein UNCONVENTIONAL PREFOLDIN RPB5 INTERACTOR (URI) participates in diverse cellular functions, including protein homeostasis, transcription, translation, and signal transduction. Thus, URI is a highly versatile protein, although the molecular basis of this versatility remains unknown. In this work, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) URI (AtURI) possesses a large intrinsically disordered region (IDR) spanning most of the C-terminal part of the protein, a feature conserved in yeast and human orthologs. Our findings reveal two key characteristics of disordered proteins in AtURI: promiscuity in interacting with partners and protein instability. We propose that these two features contribute to providing AtURI with functional versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaiza Gómez-Mínguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-UPV), Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Cristina Úrbez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-UPV), Valencia, Spain
| | - David Alabadí
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-UPV), Valencia, Spain
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Peng W, Zeng C, Xu J, Zhao H, Zhu Q, Xu H, Chen H, Huang H, Zhou Y, Zhao C. Regulation of epithelial cell differentiation by the Ubiquitous expressed transcript isoform 1 in ulcerative colitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 38:2006-2017. [PMID: 37608570 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Mucosal healing has emerged as a desirable treatment goal for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Healing of mucosal wounds involves epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation, and Y-box transcription factor ZONAB has recently been identified as the key modulator of intestinal epithelial restitution. METHODS We studied the characteristics of UXT-V1 expression in UC patients using immunohistochemistry and qPCR. The functional role of UXT-V1 in the colonic epithelium was investigated using lentivirus-mediated shRNA in vitro and ex vivo. Through endogenous Co-immunoprecipitation and LC-MS/MS, we identified ZONAB as a UXT-V1-interactive protein. RESULTS Herein, we report that UXT-V1 promotes differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells by regulating the nuclear translocation of ZONAB. UXT-V1 was upregulated in the intestinal epithelia of UC patients compared with that of healthy controls. Knocking down UXT-V1 in NCM-460 cells led to the enrichment of pathways associated with proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, the absence of UXT-V1 in cultured intestinal epithelial cells and colonic organoids inhibited differentiation to the goblet cell phenotype. Mechanistically, the loss of UXT-V1 in the intestinal epithelial cells allowed nuclear translocation of ZONAB, wherein it regulated the transcription of differentiation-related genes, including AML1 and KLF4. CONCLUSION Taken together, our study reveals a potential role of UXT-V1 in regulating epithelial cell differentiation, proving a molecular basis for mucosal healing in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medical, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengcheng Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medical, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medical, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hailan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medical, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medical, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medical, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiting Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medical, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongli Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medical, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjian Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medical, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medical, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Lemma RB, Ledsaak M, Fuglerud BM, Rodríguez-Castañeda F, Eskeland R, Gabrielsen OS. MYB regulates the SUMO protease SENP1 and its novel interaction partner UXT, modulating MYB target genes and the SUMO landscape. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105062. [PMID: 37468105 PMCID: PMC10463205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMOylation is a post-translational modification frequently found on nuclear proteins, including transcription factors (TFs) and coactivators. By controlling the activity of several TFs, SUMOylation may have far-reaching effects. MYB is an example of a developmental TF subjected to SUMO-mediated regulation, through both SUMO conjugation and SUMO binding. How SUMO affects MYB target genes is unknown. Here, we explored the global effect of reduced SUMOylation of MYB on its downstream gene programs. RNA-Seq in K562 cells after MYB knockdown and rescue with mutants having an altered SUMO status revealed a number of differentially regulated genes and distinct gene ontology term enrichments. Clearly, the SUMO status of MYB both quantitatively and qualitatively affects its regulome. The transcriptome data further revealed that MYB upregulates the SUMO protease SENP1, a key enzyme that removes SUMO conjugation from SUMOylated proteins. Given this role of SENP1 in the MYB regulome, we expanded the analysis, mapped interaction partners of SENP1, and identified UXT as a novel player affecting the SUMO system by acting as a repressor of SENP1. MYB inhibits the expression of UXT suggesting that MYB is able not only to control a specific gene program directly but also indirectly by affecting the SUMO landscape through SENP1 and UXT. These findings suggest an autoactivation loop whereby MYB, through enhancing SENP1 and reducing UXT, is itself being activated by a reduced level of repressive SUMOylation. We propose that overexpressed MYB, seen in multiple cancers, may drive this autoactivation loop and contribute to oncogenic activation of MYB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roza Berhanu Lemma
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Marit Ledsaak
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Ragnhild Eskeland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Han P, Mo S, Wang Z, Xu J, Fu X, Tian Y. UXT at the crossroads of cell death, immunity and neurodegenerative diseases. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1179947. [PMID: 37152054 PMCID: PMC10154696 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1179947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous expressed transcript (UXT), a member of the prefoldin-like protein family, modulates regulated cell death (RCD) such as apoptosis and autophagy-mediated cell death through nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), P53, P62, and methylation, and is involved in the regulation of cell metabolism, thereby affecting tumor progression. UXT also maintains immune homeostasis and reduces proteotoxicity in neuro-degenerative diseases through selective autophagy and molecular chaperones. Herein, we review and further elucidate the mechanisms by which UXT affects the regulation of cell death, maintenance of immune homeostasis, and neurodegenerative diseases and discuss the possible UXT involvement in the regulation of ferroptosis and immunogenic cell death, and targeting it to improve cancer treatment outcomes by regulating cell death and immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhe Han
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shaojian Mo
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhengwang Wang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiale Xu
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xifeng Fu
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanzhang Tian
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yanzhang Tian,
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5
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Wang Z, Mo S, Han P, Liu L, Liu Z, Fu X, Tian Y. The role of UXT in tumors and prospects for its application in hepatocellular carcinoma. Future Oncol 2022; 18:3335-3348. [PMID: 36000398 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-0582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UXT is widely expressed in human and mouse tissues and aberrantly expressed in various tumor tissues. UXT may play a pro-cancer or tumor suppressor role in different tumor types and microenvironments with different mechanisms of action. Studies have shown that UXT can interact with related receptors to exert its functions and affect tumor proliferation and metastasis, leading to a poor prognosis when the biological functions of these tumors are changed. Interestingly, the signaling pathways and mechanism-related molecules that interact with UXT are closely related to the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) during disease progression. This article reviews the research progress of UXT and prospects for its application in HCC, with the aim of providing possible scientific suggestions for the basic research, diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwang Wang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Shaojian Mo
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Pengzhe Han
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Ziang Liu
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Xifeng Fu
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Yanzhang Tian
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
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Komata S, Kajitani R, Itoh T, Fujiwara H. Genomic architecture and functional unit of mimicry supergene in female limited Batesian mimic Papilio butterflies. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210198. [PMID: 35694751 PMCID: PMC9189499 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been suggested that dimorphic female-limited Batesian mimicry of two closely related Papilio butterflies, Papilio memnon and Papilio polytes, is controlled by supergenes. Whole-genome sequencing, genome-wide association studies and functional analyses have recently identified mimicry supergenes, including the doublesex (dsx) gene. Although supergenes of both the species are composed of highly divergent regions between mimetic and non-mimetic alleles and are located at the same chromosomal locus, they show critical differences in genomic architecture, particularly with or without an inversion: P. polytes has an inversion, but P. memnon does not. This review introduces and compares the detailed genomic structure of mimicry supergenes in two Papilio species, including gene composition, repetitive sequence composition, breakpoint/boundary site structure, chromosomal inversion and linkage disequilibrium. Expression patterns and functional analyses of the respective genes within or flanking the supergene suggest that dsx and other genes are involved in mimetic traits. In addition, structural comparison of the corresponding region for the mimicry supergene among further Papilio species suggests three scenarios for the evolution of the mimicry supergene between the two Papilio species. The structural features revealed in the Papilio mimicry supergene provide insight into the formation, maintenance and evolution of supergenes. This article is part of the theme issue 'Genomic architecture of supergenes: causes and evolutionary consequences'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Komata
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Rei Kajitani
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Takehiko Itoh
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Fujiwara
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
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Huang ZF, Tang YL, Shen ZL, Yang KY, Gao K. UXT, a novel DNMT3b-binding protein, promotes breast cancer progression via negatively modulating lncRNA MEG3/p53 axis. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 24:497-506. [PMID: 35229028 PMCID: PMC8850569 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpressed ubiquitously expressed transcript (UXT) in breast tumors and derived cell lines modulated the transcriptional activity of estrogen receptor alpha. However, how UXT exerts its biological functions in the tumorigenicity of breast cancer remains largely unknown. Expressions of UXT and maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) were examined by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The capacity of cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion was assessed using CCK-8, flow cytometry, and transwell assays. Methylation-specific PCR (MS-PCR) was employed to evaluate the methylation of the MEG3 imprinting control region. Co-immunoprecipitation was performed to verify the UXT/DNMT3b interaction. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) was subjected to assess the regulation of MEG3 on p53 activity. A xenograft tumor model was further conducted to certify the molecular mechanism. UXT was upregulated, while MEG3 was downregulated in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. UXT knockdown or MEG3 overexpression inhibited cell proliferation, promoted apoptosis, and weakened cell migration and invasion. Hypermethylation of the MEG3 imprinting control region was modulated by highly expressed DNMT3b. UXT inhibited MEG3 expression via recruiting DNMT3b to its imprinting control region. MEG3 positively regulated p53 activity. UXT negatively regulated the MEG3/p53 axis in a DNMT3b-dependent manner to promote tumor growth. UXT, a novel DNMT3b-binding protein, aggravates the progression of breast cancer through MEG3/p53 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Feng Huang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Ling Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Long Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 138, Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Yan Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 138, Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, P. R. China
| | - Kai Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 138, Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, P. R. China
- Corresponding author Dr. Kai Gao, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 138, Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, P. R. China.
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Pan M, Yin Y, Wang X, Wang Q, Zhang L, Hu H, Wang C. Mice deficient in UXT exhibit retinitis pigmentosa-like features via aberrant autophagy activation. Autophagy 2021; 17:1873-1888. [PMID: 32744119 PMCID: PMC8386600 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1796015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UXT (ubiquitously expressed prefoldin like chaperone), a small chaperone-like protein, is widely expressed in diverse human and mouse tissues and is more abundant in retina and kidney. However, the functional characterization of UXT at tissue level was largely unknown. Here, we reported that mice deficient in UXT exhibited salient features of retinal degenerative disease, similar to retinitis pigmentosa. Conditional knockout (CKO) of Uxt led to retinal degeneration and pigmentation in mice retina along with significant alterations of retinitis pigmentosa-related genes, which indicated UXT might be associated with retinal degenerative disease sharing key features to retinitis pigmentosa. Consistently, the electroretinogram (ERG) responses were dramatically impaired in uxt CKO retinas. Strong degenerative features were observed in uxt CKO retinas, including specific and progressive reduction of photoreceptor cells and increased numbers of apoptotic cells. Intriguingly, macroautophagic/autophagic flux was enhanced in uxt CKO retina. Mechanistically, we found UXT was indispensable to suppress photoreceptor apoptotic cell death by inhibiting autophagy through regulating the activity of MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase), a key negative regulator of autophagy. Conversely, knockdown of UXT induced the robust expression of the canonical autophagy-related genes and boosted autophagic flux and apoptosis, finally resulting in severe retina degeneration in uxt CKO mice. Taken together, our study reveals a vital role of UXT in preventing retina from degeneration. The loss of UXT results in a hyper-autophagic state leading to massive retinal degeneration. Therefore, UXT may be a crucial target for retinal degenerative disease.Abbreviations: 3-ma: 3-methyladenine; casp3: caspase 3; cko: conditional knockout; erg: electroretinogram; gapdh: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; map1lc3b/lc3b: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; mtor: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; parp: poly (adp-ribose) polymerase family; rna-seq: rna sequencing; rp: retinitis pigmentosa; rps6kb1/s6k: ribosomal protein s6 kinase b1; sqstm1: sequestosome 1; tunel: terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dutp nick-end labeling; uxt: ubiquitously expressed prefoldin like chaperone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Quanyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lele Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Yoon MJ, Choi B, Kim EJ, Ohk J, Yang C, Choi YG, Lee J, Kang C, Song HK, Kim YK, Woo JS, Cho Y, Choi EJ, Jung H, Kim C. UXT chaperone prevents proteotoxicity by acting as an autophagy adaptor for p62-dependent aggrephagy. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1955. [PMID: 33782410 PMCID: PMC8007730 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22252-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
p62/SQSTM1 is known to act as a key mediator in the selective autophagy of protein aggregates, or aggrephagy, by steering ubiquitinated protein aggregates towards the autophagy pathway. Here, we use a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify the prefoldin-like chaperone UXT as an interacting protein of p62. We show that UXT can bind to protein aggregates as well as the LB domain of p62, and, possibly by forming an oligomer, increase p62 clustering for its efficient targeting to protein aggregates, thereby promoting the formation of the p62 body and clearance of its cargo via autophagy. We also find that ectopic expression of human UXT delays SOD1(A4V)-induced degeneration of motor neurons in a Xenopus model system, and that specific disruption of the interaction between UXT and p62 suppresses UXT-mediated protection. Together, these results indicate that UXT functions as an autophagy adaptor of p62-dependent aggrephagy. Furthermore, our study illustrates a cooperative relationship between molecular chaperones and the aggrephagy machinery that efficiently removes misfolded protein aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Yoon
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Boyoon Choi
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Ohk
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chansik Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Gil Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Kang
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kyu Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ki Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Woo
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongcheol Cho
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Ju Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hosung Jung
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chungho Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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The E3 ubiquitin ligase SCF(Fbxo7) mediates proteasomal degradation of UXT isoform 2 (UXT-V2) to inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1865:129754. [PMID: 33010352 PMCID: PMC8063000 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Ubiquitously eXpressed Transcript isoform 2 (UXT—V2) is a prefoldin-like protein involved in NF-κB signaling, apoptosis, and the androgen and estrogen response. UXT-V2 is a cofactor in the NF-κB transcriptional enhanceosome, and its knockdown inhibits TNF-α -induced NF-κB activation. Fbxo7 is an F-box protein that interacts with SKP1, Cullin1 and RBX1 proteins to form an SCF(Fbxo7) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Fbxo7 negatively regulates NF-κB signaling through TRAF2 and cIAP1 ubiquitination. Methods We combine co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination in vitro and in vivo, cycloheximide chase assay, ubiquitin chain restriction analysis and microscopy to investigate interaction between Fbxo7 and overexpressed UXT-V2-HA. Results The Ubl domain of Fbxo7 contributes to interaction with UXT—V2. This substrate is polyubiquitinated by SCF(Fbxo7) with K48 and K63 ubiquitin chain linkages in vitro and in vivo. This post-translational modification decreases UXT-V2 stability and promotes its proteasomal degradation. We further show that UXT—V1, an alternatively spliced isoform of UXT, containing 12 additional amino acids at the N-terminus as compared to UXT—V2, also interacts with and is ubiquitinated by Fbxo7. Moreover, FBXO7 knockdown promotes UXT-V2 accumulation, and the overexpression of Fbxo7-ΔF-box protects UXT-V2 from proteasomal degradation and enhances the responsiveness of NF-κB reporter. We find that UXT-V2 colocalizes with Fbxo7 in the cell nucleus. Conclusions Together, our study reveals that SCF(Fbxo7) mediates the proteasomal degradation of UXT-V2 causing the inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. General significance Discovering new substrates of E3 ubiquitin-ligase SCF(Fbxo7) contributes to understand its function in different diseases such as cancer and Parkinson. UXT-V2 is a canonical substrate of SCF(Fbxo7) E3 ubiquitin ligase. Fbxo7 interacts with both UXT-V1 and UXT—V2. UXT-V2 recruits Fbxo7 to the cell nuclei. Fbxo7 inhibit NF-kB pathway through degradation of UXT-V2.
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Feng X, Cao X, Zhu R, Huang J. Selection and validation of reference genes for RT-qPCR in adipose and longissimus dorsi muscle tissues of buffalo. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 33:526-535. [DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1811715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Xiaodan Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Ruirui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jieping Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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12
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New prognostic markers revealed by RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis after MYC silencing in a metastatic gastric cancer cell line. Oncotarget 2019; 10:5768-5779. [PMID: 31645899 PMCID: PMC6791377 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MYC overexpression is considered a driver event in gastric cancer (GC), and is frequently correlated with poor prognosis and metastasis. In this study, we evaluated the prognostic value of genes upregulated by MYC in patients with GC. Metastatic GC cells (AGP01) characterized by MYC amplification, were transfected with siRNAs targeting MYC. RNA-seq was performed in silenced and non-silenced AGP01 cells. Among the differentially expressed genes, CIAPIN1, MTA2, and UXT were validated using qRT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry in gastric tissues of 213 patients with GC; and their expressions were correlated with clinicopathological and survival data. High mRNA and protein levels of CIAPIN1, MTA2, and UXT were strongly associated with advanced GC stages (P < 0.0001). However, only CIAPIN1 and UXT gene expressions were able to predict distant metastases in patients with early-stage GC (P < 0.0001), with high sensitivity (> 92%) and specificity (> 90%). Overall survival rate of patients with overexpressed CIAPIN1 or UXT was significantly lower (P < 0.0001). In conclusion, CIAPIN1 and UXT may serve as potential molecular markers for GC prognosis.
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13
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Lynham J, Houry WA. The Multiple Functions of the PAQosome: An R2TP- and URI1 Prefoldin-Based Chaperone Complex. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1106:37-72. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-00737-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Schafler ED, Thomas PA, Ha S, Wang Y, Bermudez-Hernandez K, Tang Z, Fenyö D, Vigodner M, Logan SK. UXT is required for spermatogenesis in mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195747. [PMID: 29649254 PMCID: PMC5896988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Male mammals must simultaneously produce prodigious numbers of sperm and maintain an adequate reserve of stem cells to ensure continuous production of gametes throughout life. Failures in the mechanisms responsible for balancing germ cell differentiation and spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) self-renewal can result in infertility. We discovered a novel requirement for Ubiquitous Expressed Transcript (UXT) in spermatogenesis by developing the first knockout mouse model for this gene. Constitutive deletion of Uxt is embryonic lethal, while conditional knockout in the male germline results in a Sertoli cell-only phenotype during the first wave of spermatogenesis that does not recover in the adult. This phenotype begins to manifest between 6 and 7 days post-partum, just before meiotic entry. Gene expression analysis revealed that Uxt deletion downregulates the transcription of genes governing SSC self-renewal, differentiation, and meiosis, consistent with its previously defined role as a transcriptional co-factor. Our study has revealed the first in vivo function for UXT in the mammalian germline as a regulator of distinct transcriptional programs in SSCs and differentiating spermatogonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D. Schafler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
- Pathobiology and Translational Medicine Training Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Phillip A. Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Susan Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Keria Bermudez-Hernandez
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Center for Health Informatics and Bioinformatics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Zuojian Tang
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Center for Health Informatics and Bioinformatics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - David Fenyö
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Center for Health Informatics and Bioinformatics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Margarita Vigodner
- Department of Biology, Stern College, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Susan K. Logan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Takahashi H, Kozhuharova A, Sharma H, Hirose M, Ohyama T, Fasolo F, Yamazaki T, Cotella D, Santoro C, Zucchelli S, Gustincich S, Carninci P. Identification of functional features of synthetic SINEUPs, antisense lncRNAs that specifically enhance protein translation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0183229. [PMID: 29414979 PMCID: PMC5802440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
SINEUPs are antisense long noncoding RNAs, in which an embedded SINE B2 element UP-regulates translation of partially overlapping target sense mRNAs. SINEUPs contain two functional domains. First, the binding domain (BD) is located in the region antisense to the target, providing specific targeting to the overlapping mRNA. Second, the inverted SINE B2 represents the effector domain (ED) and enhances translation. To adapt SINEUP technology to a broader number of targets, we took advantage of a high-throughput, semi-automated imaging system to optimize synthetic SINEUP BD and ED design in HEK293T cell lines. Using SINEUP-GFP as a model SINEUP, we extensively screened variants of the BD to map features needed for optimal design. We found that most active SINEUPs overlap an AUG-Kozak sequence. Moreover, we report our screening of the inverted SINE B2 sequence to identify active sub-domains and map the length of the minimal active ED. Our synthetic SINEUP-GFP screening of both BDs and EDs constitutes a broad test with flexible applications to any target gene of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazuki Takahashi
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ana Kozhuharova
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Harshita Sharma
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masakazu Hirose
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takako Ohyama
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Francesca Fasolo
- Area of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Trieste, Italy
| | - Toshio Yamazaki
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Diego Cotella
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Claudio Santoro
- Department of Health Sciences & IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Silvia Zucchelli
- Area of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Stefano Gustincich
- Area of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Piero Carninci
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- TransSINE Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Gauthier MS, Cloutier P, Coulombe B. Role of the PAQosome in Regulating Arrangement of Protein Quaternary Structure in Health and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1106:25-36. [PMID: 30484151 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-00737-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The PAQosome, formerly known as the R2TP/PFDL complex, is an eleven-subunit cochaperone complex that assists HSP90 in the assembly of numerous large multisubunit protein complexes involved in essential cellular functions such as protein synthesis, ribosome biogenesis, transcription, splicing, and others. In this review, we discuss possible mechanisms of action and role of phosphorylation in the assembly of client complexes by the PAQosome as well as its potential role in cancer, ciliogenesis and ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Benoit Coulombe
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada.
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17
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Sánchez-Morgan N, Kirsch KH, Trackman PC, Sonenshein GE. UXT Is a LOX-PP Interacting Protein That Modulates Estrogen Receptor Alpha Activity in Breast Cancer Cells. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2347-2356. [PMID: 28106301 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The lysyl oxidase proenzyme propeptide region (LOX-PP) is a tumor suppressor protein whose mechanism of action is not completely understood. Here, the Ubiquitously expressed Transcript (UXT) was identified in a yeast two-hybrid assay with LOX-PP as bait and confirmed as a novel LOX-PP associating protein. UXT, a prefoldin-like protein, is ubiquitous in human and mouse. Since UXT modulates androgen receptor transcriptional activity in prostate cancer, we studied its role in breast cancer. Breast tumors and derived cell lines overexpressed UXT. UXT was able to associate with the estrogen receptor alpha (ER) and decrease its transcriptional activity and target gene expression. Conversely, UXT knockdown increased ER element-dependent transcriptional activity. Ectopic LOX-PP relocalized UXT to the cytoplasm and decreased its stability. UXT ubiquitination and depletion in the presence of LOX-PP was rescued by a proteasomal inhibitor. In summary, proteasome-mediated turnover of UXT upon interaction with LOX-PP releases repression of ER transcriptional activity. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 2347-2356, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Sánchez-Morgan
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kathrin H Kirsch
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Philip C Trackman
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gail E Sonenshein
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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18
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Lipinski KA, Britschgi C, Schrader K, Christinat Y, Frischknecht L, Krek W. Colorectal cancer cells display chaperone dependency for the unconventional prefoldin URI1. Oncotarget 2016; 7:29635-47. [PMID: 27105489 PMCID: PMC5045422 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chaperone dependency of cancer cells is an emerging trait that relates to the need of transformed cells to cope with the various stresses associated with the malignant state. URI1 (unconventional prefoldin RPB5 interactor 1) encodes a member of the prefoldin (PFD) family of molecular chaperones that acts as part of a heterohexameric PFD complex, the URI1 complex (URI1C), to promote assembly of multiprotein complexes involved in cell signaling and transcription processes. Here, we report that human colorectal cancer (CRCs) cell lines demonstrate differential dependency on URI1 and on the URI1 partner PFD STAP1 for survival, suggesting that this differential vulnerability of CRC cells is directly linked to URI1C chaperone function. Interestingly, in URI1-dependent CRC cells, URI1 deficiency is associated with non-genotoxic p53 activation and p53-dependent apoptosis. URI1-independent CRC cells do not exhibit such effects even in the context of wildtype p53. Lastly, in tumor xenografts, the conditional depletion of URI1 in URI1-dependent CRC cells was, after tumor establishment, associated with severe inhibition of subsequent tumor growth and activation of p53 target genes. Thus, a subset of CRC cells has acquired a dependency on the URI1 chaperone system for survival, providing an example of 'non-oncogene addiction' and vulnerability for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Britschgi
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karen Schrader
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yann Christinat
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Frischknecht
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wilhelm Krek
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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19
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Nishikawa H, Iijima T, Kajitani R, Yamaguchi J, Ando T, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Fujiyama A, Kosugi S, Hirakawa H, Tabata S, Ozaki K, Morimoto H, Ihara K, Obara M, Hori H, Itoh T, Fujiwara H. A genetic mechanism for female-limited Batesian mimicry in Papilio butterfly. Nat Genet 2015; 47:405-9. [DOI: 10.1038/ng.3241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Zhou Y, Ge R, Wang R, Liu F, Huang Y, Liu H, Hao Y, Zhou Q, Wang C. UXT potentiates angiogenesis by attenuating Notch signaling. Development 2015; 142:774-86. [PMID: 25617435 PMCID: PMC4325377 DOI: 10.1242/dev.112532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is spatially and temporally orchestrated by a myriad of signaling pathways, including the Notch signaling pathway. Here, we identified UXT as an evolutionarily conserved and developmentally expressed protein, indispensable for intersegmental vessel (ISV) formation in zebrafish. Deficiency of UXT in zebrafish embryos results in shorter ISVs, loss of tip cell behavior, and impairment of endothelial cell migration and division. Significantly, UXT attenuates the expression of the Notch-responsive genes in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, UXT binds to the promoters of the Notch signaling target genes and specifically interacts with the transactivation region domain of the Notch intracellular domain (NICD), impairing the interaction between NICD and the transcription factor RBP-Jκ endogenously. This prevents RBP-Jκ/CSL from activation and thus inhibits the consequent gene inductions. Furthermore, blockade of Notch signaling rescues the angiogenesis defect caused by UXT knockdown both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, the data presented in this study characterize UXT as a novel repressor of Notch signaling, shedding new light on the molecular regulation of angiogenesis. Summary: UXT/ART27 is a novel repressor of Notch signaling that impairs the interaction between NICD and RBP-Jκ/CSL and is indispensable for zebrafish intersegmental vessel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Rui Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuefeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Heng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yan Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- The Division of Molecular Nephrology and the Creative Training Center for Undergraduates, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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21
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Kong X, Ma S, Guo J, Ma Y, Hu Y, Wang J, Zheng Y. Ubiquitously expressed transcript is a novel interacting protein of protein inhibitor of activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 2. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:2443-8. [PMID: 25434787 PMCID: PMC4337631 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.3023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein inhibitor of activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (PIAS2) is a member of the PIAS protein family. This protein family modulates the activity of several transcription factors and acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase in the sumoylation pathway. To improve understanding of the physiological roles of PIAS2, the current study used a yeast two-hybrid system to screen mouse stem cell cDNA libraries for proteins that interact with PIAS2. The screening identified an interaction between PIAS2 and ubiquitously expressed transcript (UXT). UXT, also termed androgen receptor trapped clone-27, is an α-class prefoldin-type chaperone that acts as a coregulator for various transcription factors, including nuclear factor-κB and androgen receptor (AR). A direct interaction between PIAS2 and UXT was confirmed by direct yeast two-hybrid analysis. In vitro evidence of the association of UXT with PIAS2 was obtained by co-immunoprecipitation. Colocalization between PIAS2 and UXT was identified in the nucleus and cytoplasm of HEK 293T and human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells. The results of the current study suggested that UXT is a binding protein of PIAS2, and interaction between PIAS2 and UXT may be important for the transcriptional activation of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Kong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Shikun Ma
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqian Guo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Yanqiu Hu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
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22
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Carter DR, Buckle AD, Tanaka K, Perdomo J, Chong BH. Art27 interacts with GATA4, FOG2 and NKX2.5 and is a novel co-repressor of cardiac genes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95253. [PMID: 24743694 PMCID: PMC3990687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors play a crucial role in regulation of cardiac biology. FOG-2 is indispensable in this setting, predominantly functioning through a physical interaction with GATA-4. This study aimed to identify novel co-regulators of FOG-2 to further elaborate on its inhibitory activity on GATA-4. The Art27 transcription factor was identified by a yeast-2-hybrid library screen to be a novel FOG-2 protein partner. Characterisation revealed that Art27 is co-expressed with FOG-2 and GATA-4 throughout cardiac myocyte differentiation and in multiple structures of the adult heart. Art27 physically interacts with GATA-4, FOG-2 and other cardiac transcription factors and by this means, down-regulates their activity on cardiac specific promoters α-myosin heavy chain, atrial natriuretic peptide and B-type natriuretic peptide. Regulation of endogenous cardiac genes by Art27 was shown using microarray analysis of P19CL6-Mlc2v-GFP cardiomyocytes. Together these results suggest that Art27 is a novel transcription factor that is involved in downregulation of cardiac specific genes by physically interacting and inhibiting the activity of crucial transcriptions factors involved in cardiac biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Carter
- Centre for Vascular Research, Department of Medicine, St. George Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew D. Buckle
- Centre for Vascular Research, Department of Medicine, St. George Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kumiko Tanaka
- Centre for Vascular Research, Department of Medicine, St. George Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jose Perdomo
- Centre for Vascular Research, Department of Medicine, St. George Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Beng H. Chong
- Centre for Vascular Research, Department of Medicine, St. George Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Haematology Department, St George and Sutherland Hospitals, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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23
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Regulation of the transcriptional activation of the androgen receptor by the UXT-binding protein VHL. Biochem J 2013; 456:55-66. [PMID: 23961993 DOI: 10.1042/bj20121711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Loss and/or inactivation of the VHL (von Hippel-Lindau) tumour suppressor causes various tumours. Using a yeast two-hybrid system, we have identified the AR (androgen receptor) co-activator UXT (ubiquitously expressed transcript), as a VHL-interacting protein. GST pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assays show that UXT interacts with VHL. In addition, UXT recruits VHL to the nucleus. VHL associates with the DBD (DNA-binding domain) and hinge domains of the AR and induces AR ubiquitination. Moreover, VHL interaction with the AR activates AR transactivation upon DHT (dihydrotestosterone) treatment. VHL knockdown inhibits AR ubiquitination and decreases transcriptional activation of the AR. Our data suggest that the VHL-UXT interaction and VHL-induced ubiquitination of AR regulate transcriptional activation of the AR.
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Li W, Wang L, Jiang C, Li H, Zhang K, Xu Y, Hao Q, Li M, Xue X, Qin X, Zhang C, Wang H, Zhang W, Zhang Y. UXT is a novel regulatory factor of regulatory T cells associated with Foxp3. Eur J Immunol 2013; 44:533-44. [PMID: 24136450 PMCID: PMC4165274 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are a constitutively immunosuppressive subtype of T cells that contribute to the maintenance of immunological self-tolerance and immune homeostasis. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of Treg cells remain unclear. In the present study, we identified ubiquitously expressed transcript (UXT) to be a novel regulator of human Treg-cell function. In cultured human Treg cells, UXT associates with Foxp3 in the nucleus by interacting with the proline-rich domain in the N-terminus of Foxp3. Knockdown of UXT expression in Treg cells results in a less-suppressive phenotype, demonstrating that UXT is an important regulator of the suppressive actions of Treg cells. Depletion of UXT affects the localization stability of Foxp3 protein in the nucleus and downregulates the expression of Foxp3-related genes. Overall, our results show that UXT is a cofactor of Foxp3 and an important player in Treg-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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25
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Sethurathinam S, Singh LP, Panneerselvam P, Byrne B, Ding JL. UXT plays dual opposing roles on SARM-induced apoptosis. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:3296-302. [PMID: 24021647 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a vital defense mechanism for the clearance of infected cells. Ubiquitously expressed transcript (UXT), which exists in two isoforms (V1 and V2), interact with both apoptotic and cellular proteins. By yeast two-hybrid analysis, we found that UXT interacts with SARM (sterile α and HEAT armadillo motif-containing protein). Since SARM is a TLR adaptor which induces intrinsic apoptosis following immune activation, we were prompted to query whether UXT and SARM might co-regulate apoptosis. We found that the UXT isoforms elicit dual opposing regulatory effects on SARM-induced apoptosis; while UXT V1, co-expressed with SARM, caused a reduction in caspase 8 activity, UXT V2 strongly increased caspase 8 activity and enhanced SARM-induced apoptosis by activating the extrinsic pathway and depolarizing the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Sethurathinam
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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26
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Ehmann H, Hartwich H, Salzig C, Hartmann N, Clément-Ziza M, Ushakov K, Avraham KB, Bininda-Emonds ORP, Hartmann AK, Lang P, Friauf E, Nothwang HG. Time-dependent gene expression analysis of the developing superior olivary complex. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:25865-25879. [PMID: 23893414 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.490508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The superior olivary complex (SOC) is an essential auditory brainstem relay involved in sound localization. To identify the genetic program underlying its maturation, we profiled the rat SOC transcriptome at postnatal days 0, 4, 16, and 25 (P0, P4, P16, and P25, respectively), using genome-wide microarrays (41,012 oligonucleotides (oligos)). Differences in gene expression between two consecutive stages were highest between P4 and P16 (3.6%) and dropped to 0.06% between P16 and P25. To identify SOC-related genetic programs, we also profiled the entire brain at P4 and P25. The number of differentially expressed oligonucleotides between SOC and brain almost doubled from P4 to P25 (4.4% versus 7.6%). These data demonstrate considerable molecular specification around hearing onset, which is rapidly finalized. Prior to hearing onset, several transcription factors associated with the peripheral auditory system were up-regulated, probably coordinating the development of the auditory system. Additionally, crystallin-γ subunits and serotonin-related genes were highly expressed. The molecular repertoire of mature neurons was sculpted by SOC-related up- and down-regulation of voltage-gated channels and G-proteins. Comparison with the brain revealed a significant enrichment of hearing impairment-related oligos in the SOC (26 in the SOC, only 11 in the brain). Furthermore, 29 of 453 SOC-related oligos mapped within 19 genetic intervals associated with hearing impairment. Together, we identified sequential genetic programs in the SOC, thereby pinpointing candidates that may guide its development and ensure proper function. The enrichment of hearing impairment-related genes in the SOC may have implications for restoring hearing because central auditory structures might be more severely affected than previously appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Ehmann
- From the Animal Physiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Heiner Hartwich
- the Neurogenetics Group, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Christian Salzig
- the Department of System Analysis, Prognosis, and Control, Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics (ITWM), D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Nadja Hartmann
- From the Animal Physiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - Kathy Ushakov
- the Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Karen B Avraham
- the Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | | | - Alexander K Hartmann
- the Computational Theoretical Physics Group, University of Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany, and
| | - Patrick Lang
- the Department of System Analysis, Prognosis, and Control, Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics (ITWM), D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Eckhard Friauf
- From the Animal Physiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Hans Gerd Nothwang
- the Neurogenetics Group, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany,; the Center for Neuroscience, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany,; the Center of Excellence Hearing4all, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany.
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Kullmann L, Schlüter T, Wagner H, Nothwang HG. Evolutionary conservation of Kv3.1 in the barn owl Tyto alba. BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2013; 81:187-193. [PMID: 23615168 DOI: 10.1159/000350196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
For prey capture in the dark, the barn owl Tyto alba has evolved into an auditory specialist with an exquisite capability of sound localization. Adaptations include asymmetrical ears, enlarged auditory processing centers, the utilization of minute interaural time differences, and phase locking along the entire hearing range up to 10 kHz. Adaptations on the molecular level have not yet been investigated. Here, we tested the hypothesis that divergence in the amino acid sequence of the voltage-gated K(+) channel Kv3.1 contributes to the accuracy and high firing rates of auditory neurons in the barn owl. We therefore cloned both splice variants of Kcnc1, the gene encoding Kv3.1. Both splice variants, Kcnc1a and Kcnc1b, encode amino acids identical to those of the chicken, an auditory generalist. Expression analyses confirmed neural-restricted expression of the channel. In summary, our data reveal strong evolutionary conservation of Kcnc1 in the barn owl and point to other genes involved in auditory specializations of this animal. The data also demonstrate the feasibility to address neuroethological questions in organisms with no reference genome by molecular approaches. This will open new avenues for neuroethologists working in these organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Kullmann
- Neurogenetics Group, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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28
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Enunlu I, Ozansoy M, Basak AN. Alfa-class prefoldin protein UXT is a novel interacting partner of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 2 (Als2) protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 413:471-5. [PMID: 21907703 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.08.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in Als2 gene cause several autosomal recessive forms of motor neuron diseases including Juvenile Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (JALS), Juvenile Primary Lateral Sclerosis (PLSJ) and Infantile-onset Ascending Hereditary Spastic Paralysis (IAHSP). To find novel protein-protein interactions of Als2 protein we performed a yeast two hybrid screen and fished out the Ubiquitously Expressed Transcript (UXT) protein. UXT is a novel gene encoding for an α-class prefoldin type chaperone which acts as a co-activator for various transcriptional factors such as Nf-κB and AR. The interaction between Als2 and UXT was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. Co-localization between endogenous Als2 and UXT was mainly found in the cytoplasm of neuronal Neuro2a cells with immunofluorescence microscopy. Cell cycle arrest of Neuro2a cells showed that Als2 and Uxt transcriptional levels are synchronously changing. Our results suggest that Als2 is a binding partner of Uxt and Als2/Uxt interaction could be important for the activation of Nf-κB pathway. These results provides basis for future research to investigate the role of Nf-κB pathway in the development of motor neuron diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izzet Enunlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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A computational approach to candidate gene prioritization for X-linked mental retardation using annotation-based binary filtering and motif-based linear discriminatory analysis. Biol Direct 2011; 6:30. [PMID: 21668950 PMCID: PMC3142252 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6150-6-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several computational candidate gene selection and prioritization methods have recently been developed. These in silico selection and prioritization techniques are usually based on two central approaches - the examination of similarities to known disease genes and/or the evaluation of functional annotation of genes. Each of these approaches has its own caveats. Here we employ a previously described method of candidate gene prioritization based mainly on gene annotation, in accompaniment with a technique based on the evaluation of pertinent sequence motifs or signatures, in an attempt to refine the gene prioritization approach. We apply this approach to X-linked mental retardation (XLMR), a group of heterogeneous disorders for which some of the underlying genetics is known. Results The gene annotation-based binary filtering method yielded a ranked list of putative XLMR candidate genes with good plausibility of being associated with the development of mental retardation. In parallel, a motif finding approach based on linear discriminatory analysis (LDA) was employed to identify short sequence patterns that may discriminate XLMR from non-XLMR genes. High rates (>80%) of correct classification was achieved, suggesting that the identification of these motifs effectively captures genomic signals associated with XLMR vs. non-XLMR genes. The computational tools developed for the motif-based LDA is integrated into the freely available genomic analysis portal Galaxy (http://main.g2.bx.psu.edu/). Nine genes (APLN, ZC4H2, MAGED4, MAGED4B, RAP2C, FAM156A, FAM156B, TBL1X, and UXT) were highlighted as highly-ranked XLMR methods. Conclusions The combination of gene annotation information and sequence motif-orientated computational candidate gene prediction methods highlight an added benefit in generating a list of plausible candidate genes, as has been demonstrated for XLMR. Reviewers: This article was reviewed by Dr Barbara Bardoni (nominated by Prof Juergen Brosius); Prof Neil Smalheiser and Dr Dustin Holloway (nominated by Prof Charles DeLisi).
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30
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Huang Y, Chen L, Zhou Y, Liu H, Yang J, Liu Z, Wang C. UXT-V1 protects cells against TNF-induced apoptosis through modulating complex II formation. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 22:1389-97. [PMID: 21307340 PMCID: PMC3078067 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-10-0827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study revealed that ubiquitously expressed transcript (UXT)-V1 is recruited to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor complex I by interacting with TNF receptor-associated factor 2. UXT-V1 is a short-half-life protein, the degradation of which facilitates the formation of the apoptotic receptor complex II in response to TNF treatment. This study uncovers UXT-V1 as a novel regulator of TNF-induced apoptosis. Proteins that directly regulate tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling have critical roles in determining cell death and survival. Previously we characterized ubiquitously expressed transcript (UXT)-V2 as a novel transcriptional cofactor to regulate nuclear factor-κB in the nucleus. Here we report that another splicing isoform of UXT, UXT-V1, localizes in cytoplasm and regulates TNF-induced apoptosis. UXT-V1 knockdown cells are hypersensitive to TNF-induced apoptosis. We demonstrated that UXT-V1 is a new component of TNF receptor signaling complex. We found that UXT-V1 binds to TNF receptor-associated factor 2 and prevents TNF receptor–associated death domain protein from recruiting Fas-associated protein with death domain. More importantly, UXT-V1 is a short-half-life protein, the degradation of which facilitates the formation of the apoptotic receptor complex II in response to TNF treatment. This study demonstrates that UXT-V1 is a novel regulator of TNF-induced apoptosis and sheds new light on the underlying molecular mechanism of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefeng Huang
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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31
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Cloutier P, Coulombe B. New insights into the biogenesis of nuclear RNA polymerases? Biochem Cell Biol 2010; 88:211-21. [PMID: 20453924 DOI: 10.1139/o09-173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 30 years of research on nuclear RNA polymerases (RNAP I, II, and III) has uncovered numerous factors that regulate the activity of these enzymes during the transcription reaction. However, very little is known about the machinery that regulates the fate of RNAPs before or after transcription. In particular, the mechanisms of biogenesis of the 3 nuclear RNAPs, which comprise both common and specific subunits, remains mostly uncharacterized and the proteins involved are yet to be discovered. Using protein affinity purification coupled to mass spectrometry (AP-MS), we recently unraveled a high-density interaction network formed by nuclear RNAP subunits from the soluble fraction of human cell extracts. Validation of the dataset using a machine learning approach trained to minimize the rate of false positives and false negatives yielded a high-confidence dataset and uncovered novel interactors that regulate the RNAP II transcription machinery, including a set of proteins we named the RNAP II-associated proteins (RPAPs). One of the RPAPs, RPAP3, is part of an 11-subunit complex we termed the RPAP3/R2TP/prefoldin-like complex. Here, we review the literature on the subunits of this complex, which points to a role in nuclear RNAP biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Cloutier
- Laboratory of Gene Transcription and Proteomics, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal, 110 avenue des Pins Ouest, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
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32
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Abstract
Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is an inducible transcription factor that tightly regulates the expression of a large cohort of genes. As a key component of the cellular machinery NF-κB is involved in a wide range of biological processes including innate and adaptive immunity, inflammation, cellular stress responses, cell adhesion, apoptosis and proliferation. Appropriate regulation of NF-κB is critical for the proper function and survival of the cell. Aberrant NF-κB activity has now been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases ranging from inflammatory bowel disease to autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. Systems governing NF-κB activity are complex and there is an increased understanding of the importance of nuclear events in regulating NF-κB's activities as a transcription factor. A number of novel nuclear regulators of NF-κB such as IκB-ζ and PDZ and LIM domain 2 (PDLIM2) have now been identified, adding another layer to the mechanics of NF-κB regulation. Further insight into the functions of these molecules raises the prospect for better understanding and rational design of therapeutics for several important diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Mankan
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
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33
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Sun Y, Wu J, Wu SH, Thakur A, Bollig A, Huang Y, Liao DJ. Expression profile of microRNAs in c-Myc induced mouse mammary tumors. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2008; 118:185-96. [PMID: 18777135 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-008-0171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2008] [Accepted: 08/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
c-Myc is a transcription factor overexpression of which induces mammary cancer in transgenic mice. To explore whether certain microRNAs (mirRNA) mediate c-Myc induced mammary carcinogenesis, we studied mirRNA expression profile in mammary tumors developed from MMTV-c-myc transgenic mice, and found 50 and 59 mirRNAs showing increased and decreased expression, respectively, compared with lactating mammary glands of wild type mice. Twenty-four of these mirRNAs could be grouped into eight clusters because they had the same chromosomal localizations and might be processed from the same primary RNA transcripts. The increased expression of mir-20a, mir-20b, and mir-9 as well as decreased expression of mir-222 were verified by RT-PCR, real-time RT-PCR, and cDNA sequencing. Moreover, we fortuitously identified a novel non-coding RNA, the level of which was decreased in proliferating mammary glands of MMTV-c-myc mice was further decreased to undetectable level in the mammary tumors. Sequencing of this novel RNA revealed that it was transcribed from a region of mouse chromosome 19 that harbored the metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript-1 (Malat-1), a non-protein-coding gene. These results suggest that certain mirRNAs and the chromosome 19 derived non-coding RNAs may mediate c-myc induced mammary carcinogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Transformation, Viral/genetics
- Chromosome Mapping
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, myc
- Lactation/genetics
- Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- MicroRNAs/biosynthesis
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Sun
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
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McGilvray R, Walker M, Bartholomew C. UXT interacts with the transcriptional repressor protein EVI1 and suppresses cell transformation. FEBS J 2007; 274:3960-71. [PMID: 17635584 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05928.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The EVI1 transcriptional repressor is critical to the normal development of a variety of tissues and participates in the progression of acute myeloid leukaemias. The repressor domain (Rp) was used to screen an adult human kidney yeast two-hybrid library and a novel binding partner designated ubiquitously expressed transcript (UXT) was isolated. Enforced expression of UXT in Evi1-expressing Rat1 fibroblasts suppresses cell transformation and UXT may therefore be a negative regulator of Evi1 biological activity. The Rp-binding site for UXT was determined and non-UXT-binding Evi1 mutants (Evi1Delta706-707) were developed which retain the ability to bind the corepressor mCtBP2. Evi1Delta706-707 transforms Rat1 fibroblasts, showing that the interaction is not essential for Evi1-mediated cell transformation. However, Evi1Delta706-707 produces an increased proportion of large colonies relative to wild-type, showing that endogenous UXT has an inhibitory effect on Evi1 biological activity. Exogenous UXT still suppresses Evi1Delta706-707-mediated cell transformation, indicating that it inhibits cell proliferation and/or survival by both Evi1-dependent and Evi1-independent mechanisms. These observations are consistent with the growth-suppressive function attributed to UXT in human prostate cancer. Our results show that UXT suppresses cell transformation and might mediate this function by interaction and inhibition of the biological activity of cell proliferation and survival stimulatory factors like Evi1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger McGilvray
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
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35
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Sun S, Tang Y, Lou X, Zhu L, Yang K, Zhang B, Shi H, Wang C. UXT is a novel and essential cofactor in the NF-kappaB transcriptional enhanceosome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 178:231-44. [PMID: 17620405 PMCID: PMC2064443 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200611081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
As a latent transcription factor, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) translocates from the cytoplasm into the nucleus upon stimulation and mediates the expression of genes that are important in immunity, inflammation, and development. However, little is known about how it is regulated inside the nucleus. By a two-hybrid approach, we identify a prefoldin-like protein, ubiquitously expressed transcript (UXT), that is expressed predominantly and interacts specifically with NF-κB inside the nucleus. RNA interference knockdown of UXT leads to impaired NF-κB activity and dramatically attenuates the expression of NF-κB–dependent genes. This interference also sensitizes cells to apoptosis by tumor necrosis factor-α. Furthermore, UXT forms a dynamic complex with NF-κB and is recruited to the NF-κB enhanceosome upon stimulation. Interestingly, the UXT protein level correlates with constitutive NF-κB activity in human prostate cancer cell lines. The presence of NF-κB within the nucleus of stimulated or constitutively active cells is considerably diminished with decreased endogenous UXT levels. Our results reveal that UXT is an integral component of the NF-κB enhanceosome and is essential for its nuclear function, which uncovers a new mechanism of NF-κB regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaogang Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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36
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Moss TN, Vo A, McKeehan WL, Liu L. UXT (Ubiquitously Expressed Transcript) causes mitochondrial aggregation. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2007; 43:139-46. [PMID: 17554592 PMCID: PMC3229262 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-007-9016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2006] [Accepted: 02/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the bioenergetic and metabolic centers in eukaryotic cells and play a central role in apoptosis. Mitochondrial distribution is controlled by the microtubular cytoskeleton. The perinuclear aggregation of mitochondria is one of the characteristics associated with some types of cell death. Control of mitochondrial aggregation particularly related to cell death events is poorly understood. Previously, we identified ubiquitously expressed transcript (UXT) as a potential component of mitochondrial associated LRPPRC, a multidomain organizer that potentially integrates mitochondria and the microtubular cytoskeleton with chromosome remodeling. Here we show that when overexpressed in mammalian cells, green fluorescent protein-tagged UXT (GFP-UXT) exhibits four types of distribution patterns that are proportional to the protein level, and increase with time. UXT initially was dispersed in the extranuclear cytosol, then appeared in punctate cytosolic dots, then an intense perinuclear aggregation that eventually invaded and disrupted the nucleus. The punctate cytosolic aggregates of GFP-UXT coincided with aggregates of mitochondria and LRPPRC. We conclude that increasing concentrations of UXT contributes to progressive aggregation of mitochondria and cell death potentially through association of UXT with LRPPRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijuana N Moss
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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37
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Zhao H, Wang Q, Zhang H, Liu Q, Du X, Richter M, Greene MI. UXT is a novel centrosomal protein essential for cell viability. Mol Biol Cell 2005; 16:5857-65. [PMID: 16221885 PMCID: PMC1289427 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e05-08-0705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitously expressed transcript (UXT) is a prefoldinlike protein that has been suggested to be involved in human tumorigenesis. Here, we have found that UXT is overexpressed in a number of human tumor tissues but not in the matching normal tissues. We demonstrate that UXT is located in human centrosomes and is associated with gamma-tubulin. In addition, overexpression of UXT disrupts centrosome structure. Furthermore, abrogation of UXT protein expression by small interfering RNA knockdown leads to cell death. Together, our findings suggest that UXT is a component of centrosome and is essential for cell viability. We propose that UXT may facilitate transformation by corrupting regulated centrosome functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwu Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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38
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Taneja SS, Ha S, Swenson NK, Torra IP, Rome S, Walden PD, Huang HY, Shapiro E, Garabedian MJ, Logan SK. ART-27, an Androgen Receptor Coactivator Regulated in Prostate Development and Cancer. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:13944-52. [PMID: 14711828 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m306576200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor trapped clone-27 (ART-27) is a newly described transcriptional coactivator that binds to the N terminus of the androgen receptor (AR). Given the vital importance of AR signaling in prostate growth and differentiation, we investigated the role of ART-27 in these processes. Immunohistochemical studies indicate that ART-27 protein is expressed in differentiated epithelial cells of adult human prostate and breast tissue. In prostate, ART-27 is abundant in AR-positive prostate luminal epithelial cells, in contrast to the stroma, where cells express AR but not ART-27. The use of a rat model of androgen depletion/reconstitution indicates that ART-27 expression is associated with the elaboration of differentiated prostate epithelial cells. Interestingly, regulated expression of ART-27 in the androgen-sensitive LNCaP prostate cancer cell line inhibits androgen-mediated cellular proliferation and enhances androgen-mediated transcription of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) gene. Consistent with a growth suppressive function, we show that ART-27 expression levels are negligible in human prostate cancer. Importantly, examination of ART-27 protein expression in early fetal prostate development demonstrates that ART-27 is detected only when the developing prostate gland has proceeded from a solid mass of undifferentiated cells to a stage in which differentiated luminal epithelial cells are evident. Thus, ART-27 is an AR cofactor shown to be subject to both cell type and developmental regulation in humans. Overall, the results suggest that decreased levels of ART-27 protein in prostate cancer tissue may occur as a result of de-differentiation, and indicate that ART-27 is likely to regulate a subset of AR-responsive genes important to prostate growth suppression and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir S Taneja
- Departments of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
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39
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Oberley MJ, Inman DR, Farnham PJ. E2F6 negatively regulates BRCA1 in human cancer cells without methylation of histone H3 on lysine 9. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:42466-76. [PMID: 12909625 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m307733200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
E2F6 contains a DNA binding domain that is very similar to that of the other members of the E2F family of transcriptional regulators. However, E2F6 cannot bind to all promoters that contain consensus E2F-binding sites. Therefore, we used a combination of chromatin immunoprecipitation and genomic microarrays to identify promoters bound by E2F6 in human cells. Although most of the identified promoters were bound by multiple E2F family members, one promoter was bound only by E2F6. To determine which of the newly identified promoters were regulated by E2F6, we reduced the level of E2F6 by using RNA interference technology. We found that mRNA transcribed from promoters bound by E2F6 was increased after reduction of the amount of E2F6 protein in the cell. Interestingly, many of the E2F6-regulated genes encoded functions involved in tumor suppression and the maintenance of chromatin structure. Specifically, our results suggest that E2F6 represses transcription of the brca1, ctip, art27, hp1alpha, and the rbap48 genes. E2F6 has been postulated to mediate transcriptional repression by recruiting a histone H3 methyltransferase to the DNA. However, we found that the E2F6-regulated promoters did not contain histone H3 methylated at lysine 9. To determine the mechanism by which E2F6 regulates transcription, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation before and after the introduction of small inhibitory ribonucleic acids specific to E2F6. We found that depletion of E2F6 resulted in the recruitment of E2F1 to the target promoters. In summary, we have identified 48 endogenous target genes of E2F6 and have shown that E2F6 can repress target promoters in a manner that does not require histone H3 methylation at lysine 9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Oberley
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin Medical School, 1400 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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40
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Liao DJ, Du QQ, Yu BW, Grignon D, Sarkar FH. Novel perspective: focusing on the X chromosome in reproductive cancers. Cancer Invest 2003; 21:641-58. [PMID: 14533452 DOI: 10.1081/cnv-120022385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In an XX female, one of the two X chromosomes has been inactivated during early embryonic life to achieve a compensation of X-linked gene products between males and females, leaving only one allele of X-linked genes functional. There are some X-linked genes escaping the X-inactivation, i.e., being expressed from both alleles. Escape from X-inactivation varies at different levels; some genes have both alleles active in some women but only one allele active in others, whereas some other genes have both alleles active in neoplastic tissue but only one allele active normally. The X-inactivation may be considered functionally equivalent to a loss of heterozygosity (LOH) for some genes, whereas escape from X-inactivation may be equivalent to functional gene amplification for others. The physiological LOH may make X-linked tumor suppressor genes lose their function more easily, compared with autosomal tumor suppressor genes, thus predisposing women to cancer formation more easily. Moreover, the human X chromosome contains many genes related to cancer or to sex and reproduction. All these properties of the X chromosome suggest that it may play more important roles than any autosomal chromosome in the development and progression of reproductive and urologic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhong Joshua Liao
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
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Markus SM, Taneja SS, Logan SK, Li W, Ha S, Hittelman AB, Rogatsky I, Garabedian MJ. Identification and characterization of ART-27, a novel coactivator for the androgen receptor N terminus. Mol Biol Cell 2002; 13:670-82. [PMID: 11854421 PMCID: PMC65658 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.01-10-0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2001] [Revised: 10/19/2001] [Accepted: 11/08/2001] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-regulated transcription factor that stimulates cell growth and differentiation in androgen-responsive tissues. The AR N terminus contains two activation functions (AF-1a and AF-1b) that are necessary for maximal transcriptional enhancement by the receptor; however, the mechanisms and components regulating AR transcriptional activation are not fully understood. We sought to identify novel factors that interact with the AR N terminus from an androgen-stimulated human prostate cancer cell library using a yeast two-hybrid approach designed to identify proteins that interact with transcriptional activation domains. A 157-amino acid protein termed ART-27 was cloned and shown to interact predominantly with the AR(153-336), containing AF-1a and a part of AF-1b, localize to the nucleus and increase the transcriptional activity of AR when overexpressed in cultured mammalian cells. ART-27 also enhanced the transcriptional activation by AR(153-336) fused to the LexA DNA-binding domain but not other AR N-terminal subdomains, suggesting that ART-27 exerts its effect via an interaction with a defined region of the AR N terminus. ART-27 interacts with AR in nuclear extracts from LNCaP cells in a ligand-independent manner. Interestingly, velocity gradient sedimentation of HeLa nuclear extracts suggests that native ART-27 is part of a multiprotein complex. ART-27 is expressed in a variety of human tissues, including sites of androgen action such as prostate and skeletal muscle, and is conserved throughout evolution. Thus, ART-27 is a novel cofactor that interacts with the AR N terminus and plays a role in facilitating receptor-induced transcriptional activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Markus
- Department of Microbiology, The Kaplan Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
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Liu L, McKeehan WL. Sequence analysis of LRPPRC and its SEC1 domain interaction partners suggests roles in cytoskeletal organization, vesicular trafficking, nucleocytosolic shuttling, and chromosome activity. Genomics 2002; 79:124-36. [PMID: 11827465 PMCID: PMC3241999 DOI: 10.1006/geno.2001.6679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
LRPPRC (originally called LRP130) is an intracellular, 130-kD, leucine-rich protein that copurifies with the fibroblast growth factor receptor from liver cell extracts and has been detected in diverse multiprotein complexes from the cell membrane, cytoskeleton, and nucleus. Here we report results of a sequence homology analysis of LRPPRC and its SEC1 domain interactive partners. We found that 23 copies of tandem repeats that are similar to pentatricopeptide, tetratricopeptide, and huntingtin-elongation A subunit-TOR repeats characterize the LRPPRC sequence. The amino terminus exhibits multiple copies of leucine-rich nuclear transport signals followed by ENTH, DUF28, and SEC1 homology domains. We used the SEC1 domain to trap interactive partners expressed from a human liver cDNA library. Interactive C19ORF5 (XP_038600) exhibited a strong homology to microtubule-associated proteins and a potential arginine-rich mRNA binding motif. UXT (XP_033860) exhibited alpha-helical properties homologous to the actin-associated spectrin repeat and L/I heptad repeats in mobile transcription factors. C6ORF34 (XP_004305) was homologous to the non-DNA-binding carboxy terminus of the Escherichia coli Rob transcription factor. CECR2 (AAK15343) exhibited a transcription factor AT-hook motif next to two bromodomains and a homology to guanylatebinding protein-1. Together these features suggest a regulatory role of LRPPRC and its SEC1 domain-interactive partners in integration of cytoskeletal networks with vesicular trafficking, nucleocytosolic shuttling, transcription, chromosome remodeling, and cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyuan Liu
- Center for Cancer Biology and Nutrition, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, 2121 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Rae FK, Hooper JD, Nicol DL, Clements JA. Characterization of a novel gene, STAG1/PMEPA1, upregulated in renal cell carcinoma and other solid tumors. Mol Carcinog 2001; 32:44-53. [PMID: 11568975 DOI: 10.1002/mc.1063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Using differential display-polymerase chain reaction, we identified a novel gene sequence, designated solid tumor-associated gene 1 (STAG1), that is upregulated in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The full-length cDNA (4839 bp) encompassed the recently reported androgen-regulated prostatic cDNA PMEPA1, and so we refer to this gene as STAG1/PMEPA1. Two STAG1/PMEPA1 mRNA transcripts of approximately 2.7 and 5 kb, with identical coding regions but variant 3' untranslated regions, were predominantly expressed in normal prostate tissue and at lower levels in the ovary. The expression of this gene was upregulated in 87% of RCC samples and also was upregulated in stomach and rectal adenocarcinomas. In contrast, STAG1/PMEPA1 expression was barely detectable in leukemia and lymphoma samples. Analysis of expressed sequence tag databases showed that STAG1/PMEPA1 also was expressed in pancreatic, endometrial, and prostatic adenocarcinomas. The STAG1/PMEPA1 cDNA encodes a 287-amino-acid protein containing a putative transmembrane domain and motifs that suggest that it may bind src homology 3- and tryptophan tryptophan domain-containing proteins. This protein shows 67% identity to the protein encoded by the chromosome 18 open reading frame 1 gene. Translation of STAG1/PMEPA1 mRNA in vitro showed two products of 36 and 39 kDa, respectively, suggesting that translation may initiate at more than one site. Comparison to genomic clones showed that STAG1/PMEPA1 was located on chromosome 20q13 between microsatellite markers D20S183 and D20S173 and spanned four exons and three introns. The upregulation of this gene in several solid tumors indicated that it may play an important role in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F K Rae
- Centre for Molecular Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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