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Xu J, Song S, Nie C, Chen H, Hao K, Yu F, Zhao Z. Characterization of the Ictalurid herpesvirus 1 immediate-early gene ORF24 and its potential role in transcriptional regulation in yeast. Arch Virol 2024; 169:127. [PMID: 38789713 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06045-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Herpesviruses adhere to a precise temporal expression model in which immediate-early (IE) genes play a crucial role in regulating the viral life cycle. However, there is a lack of functional research on the IE genes in Ictalurid herpesvirus 1 (IcHV-1). In this study, we identified the IcHV-1 ORF24 as an IE gene via a metabolic inhibition assay, and subcellular analysis indicated its predominant localisation in the nucleus. To investigate its function, we performed yeast reporter assays using an ORF24 fusion protein containing the Gal4-BD domain and found that BD-ORF24 was able to activate HIS3/lacZ reporter genes without the Gal4-AD domain. Our findings provide concrete evidence that ORF24 is indeed an IE gene that likely functions as a transcriptional regulator during IcHV-1 infection. This work contributes to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying fish herpesvirus IE gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehua Xu
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Siyang Song
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Chunlan Nie
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Hongxun Chen
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Kai Hao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, P.R. China.
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, P.R. China.
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2
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Gusakova MS, Ivanov MV, Kashtanova DA, Taraskina AN, Erema VV, Mikova VM, Loshkarev RI, Ignatyeva OA, Akinshina AI, Mitrofanov SI, Snigir EA, Yudin VS, Makarov VV, Keskinov AA, Yudin SM. GWAS reveals genetic basis of a predisposition to severe COVID-19 through in silico modeling of the FYCO1 protein. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1178939. [PMID: 37547597 PMCID: PMC10399629 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1178939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, is heavily reliant on its natural ability to "hack" the host's genetic and biological pathways. The genetic susceptibility of the host is a key factor underlying the severity of the disease. Polygenic risk scores are essential for risk assessment, risk stratification, and the prevention of adverse outcomes. In this study, we aimed to assess and analyze the genetic predisposition to severe COVID-19 in a large representative sample of the Russian population as well as to build a reliable but simple polygenic risk score model with a lower margin of error. Another important goal was to learn more about the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19. We examined the tertiary structure of the FYCO1 protein, the only gene with mutations in its coding region and discovered changes in the coiled-coil domain. Our findings suggest that FYCO1 may accelerate viral intracellular replication and excessive exocytosis and may contribute to an increased risk of severe COVID-19. We found significant associations between COVID-19 and LZTFL1, FYCO1, XCR1, CCR9, TMLHE-AS1, and SCYL2 at 3p21.31. Our findings further demonstrate the polymorphic nature of the severe COVID-19 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daria A. Kashtanova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
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3
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Lu J, Fu LM, Cao Y, Fang Y, Cao JZ, Pan YH, Cen JJ, Liang YP, Chen ZH, Wei JH, Huang Y, Mumin MA, Xu QH, Wang YH, Zhu JQ, Liang H, Wang Z, Deng Q, Chen W, Jin XH, Liu ZP, Luo JH. LZTFL1 inhibits kidney tumor cell growth by destabilizing AKT through ZNRF1-mediated ubiquitin proteosome pathway. Oncogene 2023; 42:1543-1557. [PMID: 36966254 PMCID: PMC10039360 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02666-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
LZTFL1 is a tumor suppressor located in chromosomal region 3p21.3 that is deleted frequently and early in various cancer types including the kidney cancer. However, its role in kidney tumorigenesis remains unknown. Here we hypothesized a tumor suppressive function of LZTFL1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and its mechanism of action based on extensive bioinformatics analysis of patients' tumor data and validated it using both gain- and loss-functional studies in kidney tumor cell lines and patient-derive xenograft (PDX) model systems. Our studies indicated that LZTFL1 inhibits kidney tumor cell proliferation by destabilizing AKT through ZNRF1-mediated ubiquitin proteosome pathway and inducing cell cycle arrest at G1. Clinically, we found that LZTFL1 is frequently deleted in ccRCC. Downregulation of LZTFL1 is associated with a poor ccRCC outcome and may be used as prognostic maker. Furthermore, we show that overexpression of LZTFL1 in PDX via lentiviral delivery suppressed PDX growth, suggesting that re-expression of LZTFL1 may be a therapeutic strategy against ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Liang-Min Fu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Cao
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Fang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Zheng Cao
- Department of Urology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Hui Pan
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Jie Cen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yan-Ping Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zhen-Hua Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jin-Huan Wei
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mukhtar Adan Mumin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan-Hui Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Han Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Quan Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Deng
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Han Jin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi-Ping Liu
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Jun-Hang Luo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Delshad M, Sanaei MJ, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Bashash D. Host genetic diversity and genetic variations of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 pathogenesis and the effectiveness of vaccination. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109128. [PMID: 35963158 PMCID: PMC9359488 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has shown a vast range of clinical manifestations from asymptomatic to life-threatening symptoms. To figure out the cause of this heterogeneity, studies demonstrated the trace of genetic diversities whether in the hosts or the virus itself. With this regard, this review provides a comprehensive overview of how host genetic such as those related to the entry of the virus, the immune-related genes, gender-related genes, disease-related genes, and also host epigenetic could influence the severity of COVID-19. Besides, the mutations in the genome of SARS-CoV-2 __leading to emerging of new variants__ per se affect the affinity of the virus to the host cells and enhance the immune escape capacity. The current review discusses these variants and also the latest data about vaccination effectiveness facing the most important variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahda Delshad
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Javad Sanaei
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Huang Q, Li W, Zhou Q, Awasthi P, Cazin C, Yap Y, Mladenovic-Lucas L, Hu B, Jeyasuria P, Zhang L, Granneman JG, Hess RA, Ray PF, Kherraf ZE, Natarajan V, Zhang Z. Leucine zipper transcription factor-like 1 (LZTFL1), an intraflagellar transporter protein 27 (IFT27) associated protein, is required for normal sperm function and male fertility. Dev Biol 2021; 477:164-176. [PMID: 34023333 PMCID: PMC8277734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism essential for the assembly and maintenance of most eukaryotic cilia and flagella, including mammalian sperm tails. Depletion of IFT27, a component of the IFT complex, in male germ cells results in infertility associated with disrupted sperm flagella structure and motility. Leucine zipper transcription factor-like 1 (LZTFL1) is an IFT27 associated protein. LZTFL1, also known as BBS17, is a Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) associated protein. Patients carrying biallelic variants of LZTFL1 gene exhibit the common BBS phenotypes. The global Lztfl1 knockout mice showed abnormal growth rate and retinal degeneration, typical of BBS phenotype. However, it is not clear if Lztfl1 has a role in male fertility. The LZTFL1 protein is highly and predominantly expressed in mouse testis. During the first wave of spermatogenesis, the protein is only expressed during spermiogenesis phase from the round spermatid stage and displays a cytoplasmic localization with a vesicular distribution pattern. At the elongated spermatid stage, LZTFL1 is present in the developing flagella and appears also close to the manchette. Fertility of Lztfl1 knockout mice was significantly reduced and associated with low sperm motility and a high level of abnormal sperm (astheno-teratozoospermia). In vitro assessment of fertility revealed reduced fertilization and embryonic development when using sperm from homozygous mutant mice. In addition, we observed a significant decrease of the testicular IFT27 protein level in Lztfl1 mutant mice contrasting with a stable expression levels of other IFT proteins, including IFT20, IFT81, IFT88 and IFT140. Overall, our results support strongly the important role of LZTFL1 in mouse spermatogenesis and male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China; Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China; Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Parirokh Awasthi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Caroline Cazin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Team Genetics Epigenetics and Therapies of Infertility, 38000, Grenoble, France; CHU Grenoble Alpes, UM GI-DPI, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Yitian Yap
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Ljiljana Mladenovic-Lucas
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Pancharatnam Jeyasuria
- The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Wayne State University, USA
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China
| | - James G Granneman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Rex A Hess
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, 2001S. Lincoln, Urbana, IL 61802-6199, USA
| | - Pierre F Ray
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Team Genetics Epigenetics and Therapies of Infertility, 38000, Grenoble, France; CHU Grenoble Alpes, UM GI-DPI, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Zine-Eddine Kherraf
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Team Genetics Epigenetics and Therapies of Infertility, 38000, Grenoble, France; CHU Grenoble Alpes, UM GI-DPI, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Ven Natarajan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Wayne State University, USA.
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6
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Wei Q, Chen Y, Gu YF, Zhao W. Molecular Characterization and Functional Analysis of Leucine Zipper Transcription Factor Like 1 in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Front Physiol 2019; 10:801. [PMID: 31293455 PMCID: PMC6603235 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine zipper transcription factor like 1 (LZTFL1) is a member of the Bardet-Biedl syndrome gene family. LZTFL1-null mice show the phenotype of obesity, retinal degeneration, and abnormal cilia development. Functionally, LZTFL1 serves as a tumor suppressor and a negative regulator in the hedgehog signaling pathways. The biological function of mammalian LZTFL1 is partially addressed, but data on other model organisms are limited. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is widely considered as a powerful model to understand the functions of genes implicated in obesity, disease, and cancer. In this study, LZTFL1 homologs were identified in zebrafish (zebrafish LZTFL1). The full-length cDNA of zebrafish LZTFL1 contained 897 bps encoding 298 amino acids. Zebrafish LZTFL1 displayed conserved domains of coil-coil and leucine zipper domain. PCR results showed that zebrafish LZTFL1 was widely distributed in various tissues. Western blot analysis further revealed that zebrafish LZTFL1 was detected to be ectopically expressed in HeLa cells with correct molecular weight. Fluorescence images showed as well that zebrafish LZTFL1 was localized in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, luciferase reporter assay indicated zebrafish LZTFL1 served as a negative regulator in the hedgehog signaling pathway. These data supported that zebrafish was a good model for understanding the biological roles of LZTFL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wei
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongxia Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Feng Gu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenhe Zhao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Jiang J, Promchan K, Jiang H, Awasthi P, Marshall H, Harned A, Natarajan V. Depletion of BBS Protein LZTFL1 Affects Growth and Causes Retinal Degeneration in Mice. J Genet Genomics 2016; 43:381-91. [PMID: 27312011 PMCID: PMC4925197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by deficiencies in various organs that are caused by defects in genes involved in the genesis, structural maintenance, and protein trafficking of cilia. Leucine zipper transcription factor-like 1 (LZTFL1) has been identified as a BBS protein (BBS17), because patients with mutations in this gene exhibit the common BBS phenotypes. In this study, we generated a knockout mouse model to investigate the effects of LZTFL1 depletion. Lztfl1 knockout mice were born with low birth weight, reached similar weight to those of wild-type mice at 10 weeks of age, and later gained more weight than their wild-type counterparts. LZTFL1 was localized to the primary cilium of kidney cells, and the absence of LZTFL1 increased the ciliary localization of BBS9. Moreover, in the retinas of Lztfl1 knockout mice, the photoreceptor outer segment was shortened, the distal axoneme of photoreceptor connecting cilium was significantly enlarged, and rhodopsin was targeted to the outer nuclear layer. TUNEL assay showed that many of these abnormal photoreceptor cells in Lztfl1 knockout mice underwent apoptosis. Interestingly, the absence of LZTFL1 caused an abnormal increase of the adaptor protein complex 1 (AP1) in some photoreceptor cells. Based on these data, we conclude that LZTFL1 is a cilium protein and regulates animal weight and photoreceptor connecting cilium function probably by controlling microtubule assembly and protein trafficking in cilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangsong Jiang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Kanyarat Promchan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Parirokh Awasthi
- Transgenic Mouse Model Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Heather Marshall
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Adam Harned
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Ven Natarajan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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8
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Khan S, Muhammad N, Khan M, Kamal A, Rehman Z, Khan S. Genetics of human Bardet-Biedl syndrome, an updates. Clin Genet 2016; 90:3-15. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S.A. Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering; Kohat University of Science and Technology; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - N. Muhammad
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering; Kohat University of Science and Technology; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - M.A. Khan
- Gomal Centre of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Gomal University; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
- Genomic Core Facility; Interim Translational Research Institute; Doha Qatar
| | - A. Kamal
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering; Kohat University of Science and Technology; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Z.U. Rehman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering; Kohat University of Science and Technology; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - S. Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering; Kohat University of Science and Technology; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
- Genomic Core Facility; Interim Translational Research Institute; Doha Qatar
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9
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Jiang H, Promchan K, Lin BR, Lockett S, Chen D, Marshall H, Badralmaa Y, Natarajan V. LZTFL1 Upregulated by All-Trans Retinoic Acid during CD4+ T Cell Activation Enhances IL-5 Production. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2016; 196:1081-90. [PMID: 26700766 PMCID: PMC4724573 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acids, which are metabolites of vitamin A, have been shown to be involved in multiple T cell effector responses through their binding to the retinoic acid receptor, a ligand-activated transcription factor. Because the molecular mechanism of regulation by retinoic acid is still not fully uncovered, we investigated the gene expression profile of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-treated human CD4(+) T cells. Leucine zipper transcription factor-like 1 (LZTFL1) was upregulated by ATRA in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The expression of LZTFL1 depended on both ATRA and TCR signaling. LZTFL1 accumulated in the plasma membrane compartment of human CD4(+) T cells, and, during immunological synapse formation, it transiently redistributed to the T cell and APC contact zone, indicating its role in T cell activation. Live-cell imaging demonstrates that at the initial stage of immunological synapse formation, LZTFL1 is concentrated at the APC contact site, and, during later stages, it relocates to the distal pole. Knockdown of LZTFL1 reduced the basal- and ATRA-induced levels of IL-5 in CD4(+) T cells, and overexpression of LZTFL1 enhanced the TCR-mediated NFAT signaling, suggesting that LZTFL1 is an important regulator of ATRA-induced T cell response. Together, these data indicate that LZTFL1 modulates T cell activation and IL-5 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702; and
| | - Kanyarat Promchan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702; and
| | - Bor-Ruei Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702; and
| | - Stephen Lockett
- Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - De Chen
- Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Heather Marshall
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702; and
| | - Yunden Badralmaa
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702; and
| | - Ven Natarajan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702; and
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10
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Wei Q, Chen ZH, Wang L, Zhang T, Duan L, Behrens C, Wistuba II, Minna JD, Gao B, Luo JH, Liu ZP. LZTFL1 suppresses lung tumorigenesis by maintaining differentiation of lung epithelial cells. Oncogene 2015; 35:2655-63. [PMID: 26364604 PMCID: PMC4791215 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States, and metastatic behavior is largely responsible for this mortality. Mutations in multiple ‘driver' oncogenes and tumor suppressors are known to contribute to the lung tumorigenesis and in some cases represent therapeutic targets. Leucine Zipper Transcription Factor-like 1 (LZTFL1) is located in the chromosome region 3p21.3 where allelic loss and genetic alterations occur early and frequently in lung cancers. Previously, we found that LZTFL1 is downregulated in epithelial tumors, including lung cancer, and functions as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancers. However, the functional role of LZTFL1 in lung oncogenesis is undefined. We show here that downregulation of LZTFL1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer is associated with recurrence and poor survival, whereas re-expression of LZTFL1 in lung tumor cells inhibited extravasation/colonization of circulating tumor cells to the lung and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that LZTFL1 is expressed in ciliated human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) and its expression correlates with HBEC differentiation. LZTFL1 inhibits transforming growth factor β-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase and hedgehog signaling. Alteration of intracellular levels of LZTFL1 resulted in changes of expression of genes associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We conclude that LZTFL1 inhibits lung tumorigenesis, possibly by maintaining epithelial cell differentiation and/or inhibition of signalings that lead to EMT and suggest that reactivation of LZTFL1 expression in tumor cells may be a novel lung cancer therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Surgical Oncology and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Z-H Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - L Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - T Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - L Duan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - C Behrens
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - I I Wistuba
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J D Minna
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - B Gao
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - J-H Luo
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z P Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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11
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Wang L, Guo J, Wang Q, Zhou J, Xu C, Teng R, Chen Y, Wei Q, Liu ZP. LZTFL1 suppresses gastric cancer cell migration and invasion through regulating nuclear translocation of β-catenin. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 140:1997-2008. [PMID: 25005785 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1753-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our previous work identified leucine zipper transcription factor-like 1 (LZTFL1) as a novel tumor suppressor gene, with its expression correlated with survival outcome in gastric cancer (GC) patients. This study focuses on the role of LZTFL1 in GC aggression and metastasis as well as its underlying molecular mechanisms. METHOD LZTFL1 immunohistochemical (IHC) staining on 311 paired normal/cancer tissue arrays were used to reconfirm the clinical significance of LZTFL1 expression. Transwell chamber assays were used to determine migration and invasive ability of GC cells. Gelatin zymography was employed to investigate the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity in tumor cells. Co-immunoprecipitation and Duolink in situ proximity ligation assay were used to analyze the interaction between LZTFL1 and β-catenin and the cellular localization of the interaction. RESULT IHC results indicated that patients with high LZTFL1 expression had a longer overall survival time (58 months, 95 % CI 28-128 months) than patients with low LZTFL1 expression (27 months, 95 % CI 23-35 months; p < 0.01). The expression level of LZTFL1 is associated with the degree of cell differentiation. LZTFL1 is necessary and sufficient to inhibit the expression of molecular markers associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cellular phenotypes associated with tumor cell EMT including the migration, invasion, and the expression and activities of MMPs of tumor cells. LZTFL1 binds β-catenin in the cytoplasm of the cell and inhibited its nuclear translocation. CONCLUSION LZTFL1 suppresses GC cell EMT by inhibiting β-catenin nuclear translocation. Re-expression of LZTFL1 in GC cells may be a potential therapeutic means to prevent GC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbo Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Kominkova M, Michalek P, Guran R, Cernei N, Ruttkay-Nedecky B, Anyz J, Zitka O, Stepankova O, Pikula J, Adam V, Beklova M, Kizek R. From Amino Acids Profile to Protein Identification: Searching for Differences in Roe Deer Papilloma. Chromatographia 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-014-2658-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Svensson JP, Fry RC, Wang E, Somoza LA, Samson LD. Identification of novel human damage response proteins targeted through yeast orthology. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37368. [PMID: 22615993 PMCID: PMC3353887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae show that many proteins influence cellular survival upon exposure to DNA damaging agents. We hypothesized that human orthologs of these S. cerevisiae proteins would also be required for cellular survival after treatment with DNA damaging agents. For this purpose, human homologs of S. cerevisiae proteins were identified and mapped onto the human protein-protein interaction network. The resulting human network was highly modular and a series of selection rules were implemented to identify 45 candidates for human toxicity-modulating proteins. The corresponding transcripts were targeted by RNA interference in human cells. The cell lines with depleted target expression were challenged with three DNA damaging agents: the alkylating agents MMS and 4-NQO, and the oxidizing agent t-BuOOH. A comparison of the survival revealed that the majority (74%) of proteins conferred either sensitivity or resistance. The identified human toxicity-modulating proteins represent a variety of biological functions: autophagy, chromatin modifications, RNA and protein metabolism, and telomere maintenance. Further studies revealed that MMS-induced autophagy increase the survival of cells treated with DNA damaging agents. In summary, we show that damage recovery proteins in humans can be identified through homology to S. cerevisiae and that many of the same pathways are represented among the toxicity modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Peter Svensson
- Biological Engineering Department, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rebecca C. Fry
- Biological Engineering Department, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Computation and Systems Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Emma Wang
- Biological Engineering Department, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Luis A. Somoza
- Biological Engineering Department, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Leona D. Samson
- Biological Engineering Department, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Computation and Systems Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Sakurai T, Ogasawara J, Kizaki T, Ishibashi Y, Fujiwara T, Akagawa K, Izawa T, Oh-ishi S, Haga S, Ohno H. Involvement of leucine zipper transcription factor-like protein 1 (Lztfl1) in the attenuation of cognitive impairment by exercise training. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 416:125-9. [PMID: 22093827 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that exercise prevents and reduces cognitive impairment. In the present study, we focused on exercise training as a tool to prevent cognitive impairment, and searched for novel molecules that may relate to the prevention of cognitive impairment in the hippocampus. Two-month-old senescence-accelerated mouse prone-8 (SAMP8) mice were subjected to voluntary exercise training by running on a wheel for 4 months, and were then assigned a conditioned fear memory test. Moreover, various mRNA levels in the hippocampus were examined by DNA array analysis and real-time PCR. Contextual fear memory in SAMP8 control mice was significantly impaired compared with that in non-senescence mice. Exercise training definitely attenuated such cognitive impairment. The results of real-time PCR analysis that was conducted following DNA array analysis in the hippocampus revealed that, compared with SAMR8 control mice, the expression levels of leucine zipper transcription factor-like protein 1 (Lztfl1) mRNA were significantly higher in SAMP8 mice subjected to exercise training. In addition, the overexpression of Lztfl1 promoted neurite outgrowth in Neuro 2a cells. These results suggest that exercise has a preventive effect on cognitive impairment in SAMP8 mice, and that exercise-induced increase in Lztfl1 induces neurite outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan.
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15
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Seo S, Zhang Q, Bugge K, Breslow DK, Searby CC, Nachury MV, Sheffield VC. A novel protein LZTFL1 regulates ciliary trafficking of the BBSome and Smoothened. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1002358. [PMID: 22072986 PMCID: PMC3207910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many signaling proteins including G protein-coupled receptors localize to primary cilia, regulating cellular processes including differentiation, proliferation, organogenesis, and tumorigenesis. Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS) proteins are involved in maintaining ciliary function by mediating protein trafficking to the cilia. However, the mechanisms governing ciliary trafficking by BBS proteins are not well understood. Here, we show that a novel protein, Leucine-zipper transcription factor-like 1 (LZTFL1), interacts with a BBS protein complex known as the BBSome and regulates ciliary trafficking of this complex. We also show that all BBSome subunits and BBS3 (also known as ARL6) are required for BBSome ciliary entry and that reduction of LZTFL1 restores BBSome trafficking to cilia in BBS3 and BBS5 depleted cells. Finally, we found that BBS proteins and LZTFL1 regulate ciliary trafficking of hedgehog signal transducer, Smoothened. Our findings suggest that LZTFL1 is an important regulator of BBSome ciliary trafficking and hedgehog signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongjin Seo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Qihong Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kevin Bugge
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David K. Breslow
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Charles C. Searby
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Maxence V. Nachury
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Val C. Sheffield
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
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16
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Lee JH, Ulrich B, Cho J, Park J, Kim CH. Progesterone promotes differentiation of human cord blood fetal T cells into T regulatory cells but suppresses their differentiation into Th17 cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:1778-87. [PMID: 21768398 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone, a key female sex hormone with pleiotropic functions in maintenance of pregnancy, has profound effects on regulation of immune responses. We report in this work a novel function of progesterone in regulation of naive cord blood (CB) fetal T cell differentiation into key T regulatory cell (Treg) subsets. Progesterone drives allogeneic activation-induced differentiation of CB naive, but not adult peripheral blood, T cells into immune-suppressive Tregs, many of which express FoxP3. Compared with those induced in the absence of progesterone, the FoxP3(+) T cells induced in the presence of progesterone highly expressed memory T cell markers. In this regard, the Treg compartment in progesterone-rich CB is enriched with memory-type FoxP3(+) T cells. Moreover, CB APCs were more efficient than their peripheral blood counterparts in inducing FoxP3(+) T cells. Another related function of progesterone that we discovered was to suppress the differentiation of CB CD4(+) T cells into inflammation-associated Th17 cells. Progesterone enhanced activation of STAT5 in response to IL-2, whereas it decreased STAT3 activation in response to IL-6, which is in line with the selective activity of progesterone in generation of Tregs versus Th17 cells. Additionally, progesterone has a suppressive function on the expression of the IL-6 receptor by T cells. The results identified a novel role of progesterone in regulation of fetal T cell differentiation for promotion of immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee H Lee
- Laboratory of Immunology and Hematopoiesis, Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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17
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Complementary roles of retinoic acid and TGF-β1 in coordinated expression of mucosal integrins by T cells. Mucosal Immunol 2011; 4:66-82. [PMID: 20664575 PMCID: PMC3012787 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2010.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
α(4) and β(7) integrins, such as α(4)β(1), α(4)β(7), and α(E)β(7), are major integrins required for migration of leukocytes into mucosal tissues. The mechanisms responsible for coordinated expression of these three integrins have been poorly elucidated to date. We report that expression of the Itg-α(4) subunit by both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells requires the retinoic acid signal. In contrast, transcription of Itg-α(E) genes is induced by the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) signal. Expression of Itg-β(7) is constitutive but can be further increased by TGFβ1. Consistently, expression of α(4)-containing integrins is severely suppressed in vitamin A deficiency with a compensatory increase of α(E)β(7), whereas expression of Itg-α(E) and Itg-β(7) is decreased in TGFβ-signal deficiency with a compensatory increase in α(4)β(1). The retinoic acid-mediated regulation of α(4) integrins is required for specific migration of T cells in vitro and in vivo. These results provide central regulatory mechanisms for coordinated expression of the major mucosal integrins.
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18
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Wei Q, Zhou W, Wang W, Gao B, Wang L, Cao J, Liu ZP. Tumor-suppressive functions of leucine zipper transcription factor-like 1. Cancer Res 2010; 70:2942-50. [PMID: 20233871 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-3826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human leucine zipper transcription factor-like 1 (LZTFL1) is a novel gene with unknown biological functions. It is located in the chromosome region 3p21.3, a hotspot for tumor suppressor genes. To understand the biological functions of LZTFL1, we surveyed the expression level of LZTFL1 in tumor and normal samples in tissue microarrays and a clinical archive of 84 gastric cancer specimens using immunohistochemistry. We found that LZTFL1 is expressed highly in the epithelial cells of normal tissues and is significantly downregulated in the corresponding tumor samples. The expression level of LZTFL1 correlated significantly with the survival outcomes of the patients and had significant inverse correlation with tumor metastasis. Overexpression of LZTFL1 in tumor cells inhibited anchorage-independent cell growth and cell migration in vitro and repressed tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, we show that LZTFL1 expression is upregulated on epithelial cell differentiation and is graded along the crypt-villus axis of the intestine, with weakest expression level in the proliferative zone of the crypt and highest expression level at the apex of the differentiation zone in the villus. Expression of LZTFL1 overlaps with that of E-cadherin at the plasma membrane. Our results indicate that LZTFL1 is a tumor suppressor and that loss of LZTFL1 expression has significant clinical outcomes. LZTFL1 expression may serve as an independent prognostic marker for survival outcome of gastric cancer patients. We propose that LZTFL1 may inhibit tumorigenesis by stabilizing E-cadherin-mediated adherens junction formation and promoting epithelial cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wei
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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19
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Ristic Z, Camargo SMR, Romeo E, Bodoy S, Bertran J, Palacin M, Makrides V, Furrer EM, Verrey F. Neutral amino acid transport mediated by ortholog of imino acid transporter SIT1/SLC6A20 in opossum kidney cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2006; 290:F880-7. [PMID: 16234310 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00319.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Most neutral l-amino acid acids are transported actively across the luminal brush-border membrane of small intestine and kidney proximal tubule epithelial cells by a Na+ cotransport system named B0 that has been recently molecularly identified (B0AT1, SLC6A19). We show here that the opossum kidney-derived cell line OK also displays a Na+-dependent B0-type neutral l-amino acid transport, although with a slightly differing substrate selectivity. We tested the hypothesis that one of the two B0AT1-related transporters, SLC6A18 (ortholog of orphan transporter XT2) or SLC6A20 (ortholog of the recently identified mammalian imino acid transporter SIT1), mediates this transport. Anti-sense RNA to OK SIT1 ( oSIT1) but not to OK XT2 ( oXT2) inhibited Na+-dependent neutral amino acid transport induced by OK mRNA injected in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Furthermore, inhibition of oSIT1 gene expression in OK cells by transfection of siRNA and expression of shRNA selectively reduced the Na+-dependent uptake of neutral l-amino acids. Finally, expression of OK cell oSIT1 cRNA in X. laevis oocytes induced besides the transport of the l-imino acid l-Pro also that of neutral l-amino acids. Taken together, the data indicate that in OK cells SIT1 (SLC6A20) is not only an apical imino acid transporter but also plays a major role as Na+-dependent neutral l-amino acid transporter. A similar double role could be envisaged for SIT1 in mammalian kidney proximal tubule and small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorica Ristic
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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20
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Romeo E, Dave MH, Bacic D, Ristic Z, Camargo SMR, Loffing J, Wagner CA, Verrey F. Luminal kidney and intestine SLC6 amino acid transporters of B0AT-cluster and their tissue distribution in Mus musculus. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2005; 290:F376-83. [PMID: 16174864 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00286.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The B degrees transport system mediates the Na(+)-driven uptake of a broad range of neutral amino acids into epithelial cells of small intestine and kidney proximal tubule. A corresponding transporter was identified in 2004 (A. Broer, K. Klingel, S. Kowalczuk, J. E. Rasko, J. Cavanaugh, and S. Broer. J Biol Chem 279: 24467-24476, 2004) within the SLC6 family and named B degrees AT1 (SLC6A19). A phylogenetically related transporter known as XT3 in human (SLC6A20) and XT3s1 in mouse was shown to function as an imino acid transporter, to localize also to kidney and small intestine and renamed SIT1 or Imino(B). Besides these two transporters with known functions, there are two other gene products belonging to the same phylogenetic B degrees AT-cluster, XT2 (SLC6A18) and rodent XT3 that are still "orphans." Quantitative real-time RT-PCR showed that the mRNAs of the four B degrees AT-cluster members are abundant in kidney, whereas only those of B degrees AT1 and XT3s1/SIT1 are elevated in small intestine. In brain, the XT3s1/SIT1 mRNA is more abundant than the other B degrees AT-cluster mRNAs. We show here by immunofluorescence that all four mouse B degrees AT-cluster transporters localize, with differential axial gradients, to the brush-border membrane of proximal kidney tubule and, with the possible exception of XT3, also of intestine. Deglycosylation and Western blotting of brush-border proteins demonstrated the glycosylation and confirmed the luminal localization of B degrees AT1, XT2, and XT3. In summary, this study shows the luminal brush-border localization of the Na(+)-dependent amino and imino acid transporters B degrees AT1 and XT3s1/SIT1 in kidney and intestine. It also shows that the structurally highly similar orphan transporters XT2 and XT3 have the same luminal but a slightly differing axial localization along the kidney proximal tubule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Romeo
- Institute of Physiology, Univ. of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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21
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Baird PN, Foote SJ, Mackey DA, Craig J, Speed TP, Bureau A. Evidence for a novel glaucoma locus at chromosome 3p21-22. Hum Genet 2005; 117:249-57. [PMID: 15906098 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-005-1296-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2004] [Accepted: 02/10/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. It is a clinically variable group of diseases with the majority of cases presenting as the late onset adult type. Several chromosomal loci have been implicated in disease aetiology, but causal mutations have only been identified in a small proportion of glaucoma. We have previously described a large six-generation Tasmanian family with POAG exhibiting genetic heterogeneity. In this family, approximately one third of affected individuals presented with a glutamine-368-STOP (Q368STOP) mutation in the myocilin gene. We now use a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method to identify a second disease region in this family on the short arm of chromosome 3. This disease locus was initially mapped to the marker D3S1298 and a subsequent minimum disease region of 9 cM between markers D3S1298 and D3S1289 was identified through additional mapping. The region did not overlap with any previously described locus for POAG. Using a multiplicative relative risk model, we identified a positive association between this region and the Q368STOP mutation of myocilin on chromosome 1 in affected individuals. These findings provide evidence of a new autosomal dominant glaucoma locus on the short arm of chromosome 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Baird
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
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22
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Takanaga H, Mackenzie B, Suzuki Y, Hediger MA. Identification of mammalian proline transporter SIT1 (SLC6A20) with characteristics of classical system imino. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:8974-84. [PMID: 15632147 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m413027200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acid homeostasis depends on specific amino acid transport systems, many of which have been characterized at the molecular level. However, the classical System IMINO, defined as the Na+-dependent proline transport activity that escapes inhibition by alanine, had not been identified at the molecular level. We report here the functional characteristics and tissue distribution of Sodium/Imino-acid Transporter 1 (SIT1), which exhibits the properties of classical System IMINO. SIT1, the product of the slc6a20 gene, is a member of the SLC6 Na+- and Cl--dependent neurotransmitter transporter family whose function has remained unknown. When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, rat SIT1 mediated the uptake of imino acids such as proline (K0.5 approximately 0.2 mM) and pipecolate, as well as N-methylated amino acids (e.g. MeAIB, sarcosine). SIT1-mediated proline transport was pH-independent and insensitive to inhibition by alanine or lysine. Proline transport was Na+-dependent, Cl--stimulated, and voltage-dependent. Li+, but not H+, could substitute for Na+. Human SIT1 also functioned as a Na+-dependent proline transporter. Rat SIT1 mRNA was expressed in epithelial cells of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, stomach, cecum, colon, and kidney proximal tubule S 3 segments. SIT1 mRNA was also expressed in the choroid plexus, microglia, and meninges of the brain and in the ovary. Previous reports have documented the marked urinary hyperexcretion of proline in newborn rodents and man. We found that SIT1 was dramatically up-regulated in the kidneys of 3-day-old mice, accounting for the maturation of proline reabsorption in the mouse. The human slc6a20 gene coding SIT1 is an appropriate target for investigation of hereditary forms of iminoaciduria in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Takanaga
- Membrane Biology Program and Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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23
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Imreh S, Klein G, Zabarovsky ER. Search for unknown tumor-antagonizing genes. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2004; 38:307-21. [PMID: 14566849 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.10271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the ingenious prediction of Alfred Knudson in 1971, the first tumor suppressor gene, RB1, has been isolated. Its product, the RB1 protein, was found to play a major role in the control of the cell cycle. The loss of heterozygosity (LOH) technique, introduced by Cavenee and colleagues, was an important milestone toward the confirmation of Knudson's hypothesis and the identification of the gene. Subsequently, the LOH technique has provided important clues that have led to the discovery of other tumor suppressor genes. Most of them play important roles in the regulation of the cell cycle and/or of apoptosis. Circumstantial evidence suggests that still other and perhaps many unknown genes may participate in the protection of the organism against malignant growth. The numerous genome losses in tumors, detected by LOH, comparative genomic hybridization, and by cytogenetic techniques, support this possibility. The early work of one of us (G.K.), together with Henry Harris and Francis Wiener, had shown that the malignant phenotype can be suppressed by hybridizing malignant with low- or non-tumorigenic cells. However, analysis of this phenomenon failed to assign the inhibition of tumorigenicity to any particular gene. We have pursued the search for new tumor-antagonizing genes with two unconventional approaches, focusing on human chromosomal subband 3p21.3, a region frequently targeted by cytogenetically detectable deletions. We have detected four clusters of candidate tumor suppressor genes at 3p21.3 by a combination of deletion mapping and the "elimination test." These findings raise the question whether the number and variety of genes that may contribute to the defense against uncontrolled proliferation may have been underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Imreh
- Karolinska Institutet, Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center, Stockholm, Sweden
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Rohde HM, Cheong FY, Konrad G, Paiha K, Mayinger P, Boehmelt G. The human phosphatidylinositol phosphatase SAC1 interacts with the coatomer I complex. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:52689-99. [PMID: 14527956 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m307983200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae SAC1 gene encodes an integral membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus. Yeast SAC1 mutants display a wide array of phenotypes including inositol auxotrophy, cold sensitivity, secretory defects, disturbed ATP transport into the ER, or suppression of actin gene mutations. At present, it is not clear how these phenotypes relate to the finding that SAC1 displays polyphosphoinositide phosphatase activity. Moreover, it is still an open question whether SAC1 functions similarly in mammalian cells, since some phenotypes are yeast-specific. Potential protein interaction partners and, connected to that, possible regulatory circuits have not been described. Therefore, we have cloned human SAC1 (hSAC1), show that it behaves similar to ySac1p in terms of substrate specificity, demonstrate that the endogenous protein localizes to the ER and Golgi, and identify for the first time members of the coatomer I (COPI) complex as interaction partners of hSAC1. Mutation of a putative COPI interaction motif (KXKXX) at its C terminus abolishes interaction with COPI and causes accumulation of hSAC1 in the Golgi. In addition, we generated a catalytically inactive mutant, demonstrate that its lipid binding capacity is unaltered, and show that it accumulates in the Golgi, incapable of interacting with the COPI complex despite the presence of the KXKXX motif. These results open the possibility that the enzymatic function of hSAC1 provides a switch for accessibility of the COPI interaction motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger M Rohde
- Boehringer Ingelheim Austria GmbH, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1121 Vienna, Austria
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Kost-Alimova M, Kiss H, Fedorova L, Yang Y, Dumanski JP, Klein G, Imreh S. Coincidence of synteny breakpoints with malignancy-related deletions on human chromosome 3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:6622-7. [PMID: 12738884 PMCID: PMC164497 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0430971100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We have found previously that during tumor growth intact human chromosome 3 transferred into tumor cells regularly looses certain 3p regions, among them the approximately 1.4-Mb common eliminated region 1 (CER1) at 3p21.3. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of 12 mouse orthologous loci revealed that CER1 splits into two segments in mouse and therefore contains a murine/human conservation breakpoint region (CBR). Several breaks occurred in tumors within the region surrounding the CBR, and this sequence has features that characterize unstable chromosomal regions: deletions in yeast artificial chromosome clones, late replication, gene and segment duplications, and pseudogene insertions. Sequence analysis of the entire 3p12-22 revealed that other cancer-associated deletions (regions eliminated from monochromosomal hybrids carrying an intact chromosome 3 during tumor growth and homozygous deletions found in human tumors) colocalized nonrandomly with murine/human CBRs and were characterized by an increased number of local gene duplications and murine/human conservation mismatches (single genes that do not match into the conserved chromosomal segment). The CBR within CER1 contains a simple tandem TATAGA repeat capable of forming a 40-bp-long secondary hairpin-like structure. This repeat is nonrandomly localized within the other tumor-associated deletions and in the vicinity of 3p12-22 CBRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kost-Alimova
- Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center, Karolinska Institute, Box 280, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Yang Y, Li J, Szeles A, Imreh MP, Kost-Alimova M, Kiss H, Kholodnyuk I, Fedorova L, Darai E, Klein G, Imreh S. Consistent downregulation of human lactoferrin gene, in the common eliminated region 1 on 3p21.3, following tumor growth in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Cancer Lett 2003; 191:155-64. [PMID: 12618328 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(02)00677-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is one of 19 active genes in the common eliminated region 1 at 3p21.3 identified by us. LF was transfected into mouse fibrosarcoma A9. Fourteen severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) derived tumors from two PI based artificial chromosome (PAC)-transfectants containing the entire LF gene and two LF-cDNA transfectants were analyzed by real time polymerase chain reaction at the DNA and RNA level. Following SCID tumor passage, LF expression was decreased or eclipsed, in all tumors although DNA levels did not change considerably. Promoter methylation and/or rearrangement of the insertion site may be responsible for human LF downregulation in mouse fibrosarcoma derived tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3/genetics
- DNA Methylation
- DNA Primers/chemistry
- DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Down-Regulation
- Fibrosarcoma/genetics
- Fibrosarcoma/metabolism
- Fibrosarcoma/pathology
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Lactoferrin/genetics
- Lactoferrin/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA, Neoplasm
- Sarcoma, Experimental/genetics
- Sarcoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Experimental/pathology
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center, Karolinska Institute, Nobelsvägen 16, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Kholodnyuk ID, Kost-Alimova M, Yang Y, Kiss H, Fedorova L, Klein G, Imreh S. The microcell hybrid-based "elimination test" identifies a 1-Mb putative tumor-suppressor region at 3p22.2-p22.1 centromeric to the homozygous deletion region detected in lung cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2002; 34:341-4. [PMID: 12007195 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.10068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that inoculation of human chromosome 3 (chr3)/A9 mouse fibrosarcoma microcell hybrids (MCHs) into severely combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice was followed by the regular elimination of certain 3p regions, whereas a 3q region was retained even after prolonged mouse passage. Using this approach, referred to as the elimination test (Et), we identified a common eliminated region (CER) of about 7 cM at 3p22-p21.3 that was absent in all tumors generated from five MCHs. A second frequently eliminated region (FER, originally called ER2) was found at 3p21.1-p14.2. These segments have been reported to be frequently deleted in a variety of carcinomas. In the following experiments, we have identified at the centromeric border of CER a common eliminated region 1 (CER1) of about 1.6 cM. We now report the results of more detailed analyses of the original tumor panel that contained 30 SCID mouse tumors. Using polymerase chain reaction and chromosome reverse painting, we have identified at the telomeric border of CER a second common eliminated region (designated as CER2). CER2 is flanked distally by RH94338 and proximally by SHGC-154057. The size of CER2 is about 1 Mb, according to the Homo Sapiens Complete Genome databases at EMBL, and is located about 0.5 Mb centromeric to the known homozygous deletion region, identified in lung cancer. Remarkably, two chemokine-receptor genes (CCRs), CCR8 and CX3CR1, are located within CER2, whereas seven CCRs were found within CER1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina D Kholodnyuk
- Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Gomes I, Sharma TT, Edassery S, Fulton N, Mar BG, Westbrook CA. Novel transcription factors in human CD34 antigen-positive hematopoietic cells. Blood 2002; 100:107-19. [PMID: 12070015 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v100.1.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) and the regulatory proteins that control them play key roles in hematopoiesis, controlling basic processes of cell growth and differentiation; disruption of these processes may lead to leukemogenesis. Here we attempt to identify functionally novel and partially characterized TFs/regulatory proteins that are expressed in undifferentiated hematopoietic tissue. We surveyed our database of 15 970 genes/expressed sequence tags (ESTs) representing the normal human CD34(+) cells transcriptosome (http://westsun.hema.uic.edu/cd34.html), using the UniGene annotation text descriptor, to identify genes with motifs consistent with transcriptional regulators; 285 genes were identified. We also extracted the human homologues of the TFs reported in the murine stem cell database (SCdb; http://stemcell.princeton.edu/), selecting an additional 45 genes/ESTs. An exhaustive literature search of each of these 330 unique genes was performed to determine if any had been previously reported and to obtain additional characterizing information. Of the resulting gene list, 106 were considered to be potential TFs. Overall, the transcriptional regulator dataset consists of 165 novel or poorly characterized genes, including 25 that appeared to be TFs. Among these novel and poorly characterized genes are a cell growth regulatory with ring finger domain protein (CGR19, Hs.59106), an RB-associated CRAB repressor (RBAK, Hs.7222), a death-associated transcription factor 1 (DATF1, Hs.155313), and a p38-interacting protein (P38IP, Hs. 171185). The identification of these novel and partially characterized potential transcriptional regulators adds a wealth of information to understanding the molecular aspects of hematopoiesis and hematopoietic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignatius Gomes
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago 60607, USA
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Barradas M, Gonos ES, Zebedee Z, Kolettas E, Petropoulou C, Delgado MD, León J, Hara E, Serrano M. Identification of a candidate tumor-suppressor gene specifically activated during Ras-induced senescence. Exp Cell Res 2002; 273:127-37. [PMID: 11822868 DOI: 10.1006/excr.2001.5434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Normal cells display protective responses against oncogenes. Notably, oncogenic Ras triggers an irreversible proliferation arrest that is reminiscent of replicative senescence and that is considered a relevant tumor-suppressor mechanism. Here, we have used microarrayed filters to identify genes specifically upregulated in Ras-senescent human fibroblasts. Among the initial set of genes selected from the microarrays, we found the cell-cycle inhibitor p21(Cip1/Waf1), thus validating the potency of the screening to identify markers and mediators of Ras-senescence. A group of six genes, formed by those more highly upregulated during Ras-senescence, was analyzed in further detail to evaluate their specificity. In particular, we examined their expression in cells overexpressing Ras but rendered resistant to Ras-senescence by the viral oncoprotein E1a; also, we have studied their expression during replicative senescence, organismal aging, H(2)O(2)-induced senescence, and DNA damage. In this manner, we have identified a novel gene, RIS1 (for Ras-induced senescence 1), which is not upregulated in association to any of the above-mentioned processes, but exclusively during Ras-senescence. Furthermore, RIS1 is also upregulated by the transcriptional factor Ets2, which is a known mediator of Ras-induced senescence. Interestingly, RIS1 is located at chromosomal position 3p21.3 and, more specifically, it is included in a short segment of just 1 Mb previously defined by other investigators for its tumor-suppressor activity. In summary, we report the identification of a novel gene, RIS1, as a highly specific marker of Ras-induced senescence and a candidate tumor-suppressor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Barradas
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Center of Biotechnology (CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid E-28049, Spain
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Kiss H, Yang Y, Kiss C, Andersson K, Klein G, Imreh S, Dumanski JP. The transcriptional map of the common eliminated region 1 (C3CER1) in 3p21.3. Eur J Hum Genet 2002; 10:52-61. [PMID: 11896456 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2001] [Revised: 11/13/2001] [Accepted: 11/19/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Occurrence of chromosome 3p deletions in a large number of human tumours suggests the existence of uncharted tumour suppressor gene(s). We previously applied a functional assay, named the Elimination test (Et), for the identification of regions containing tumour growth antagonising genes. This resulted in the definition of chromosome 3 common eliminated region 1 (C3CER1) on 3p21.3, which is regularly eliminated from SCID-derived tumours. Systematic genomic sequencing of 11 PAC clones, combined with comparisons of genomic sequence against EST databases and PCR-based cloning of cDNA sequences allowed us to assemble a comprehensive transcriptional map of 1.4 Mb that includes 19 active genes and three processed pseudogenes. We report four novel genes: FYVE and coiled-coil domain containing 1 (FYCO1), transmembrane protein 7 (TMEM7), leucine-rich repeat-containing 2 (LRRC2) and leucine zipper protein 3 (LUZP3). A striking feature of C3CER1 is a presence of a cluster of eight chemokine receptor genes. Based on a new analysis of the microcell hybrid-derived panel of SCID tumours we also redefined the centromeric border of the C3CER1. It is now located within LRRC2 gene, which is a relative of RSP-1 (Ras Suppressor Protein 1). The detailed knowledge of gene content in C3CER1 is a prerequisite for functional analysis of these genes and understanding of their possible role in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajnalka Kiss
- Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, S-17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
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