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De Masi A, Zanou N, Strotjohann K, Lee D, Lima TI, Li X, Jeon J, Place N, Jung H, Auwerx J. Cyclo His-Pro Attenuates Muscle Degeneration in Murine Myopathy Models. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305927. [PMID: 38728626 PMCID: PMC11267275 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Among the inherited myopathies, a group of muscular disorders characterized by structural and metabolic impairments in skeletal muscle, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) stands out for its devastating progression. DMD pathogenesis is driven by the progressive degeneration of muscle fibers, resulting in inflammation and fibrosis that ultimately affect the overall muscle biomechanics. At the opposite end of the spectrum of muscle diseases, age-related sarcopenia is a common condition that affects an increasing proportion of the elderly. Although characterized by different pathological mechanisms, DMD and sarcopenia share the development of progressive muscle weakness and tissue inflammation. Here, the therapeutic effects of Cyclo Histidine-Proline (CHP) against DMD and sarcopenia are evaluated. In the mdx mouse model of DMD, it is shown that CHP restored muscle contractility and force production, accompanied by the reduction of fibrosis and inflammation in skeletal muscle. CHP furthermore prevented the development of cardiomyopathy and fibrosis in the diaphragm, the two leading causes of death for DMD patients. CHP also attenuated muscle atrophy and functional deterioration in a mouse model of age-related sarcopenia. These findings from two different models of muscle dysfunction hence warrant further investigation into the effects of CHP on muscle pathologies in animal models and eventually in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia De Masi
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems PhysiologyInstitute of BioengineeringÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Nadège Zanou
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Biology‐MedicineUniversity of LausanneLausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Keno Strotjohann
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems PhysiologyInstitute of BioengineeringÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Dohyun Lee
- R&D CenterNovMetaPharma Co., LtdPohang37668South Korea
| | - Tanes I. Lima
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems PhysiologyInstitute of BioengineeringÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems PhysiologyInstitute of BioengineeringÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Jongsu Jeon
- R&D CenterNovMetaPharma Co., LtdPohang37668South Korea
| | - Nicolas Place
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Biology‐MedicineUniversity of LausanneLausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Hoe‐Yune Jung
- R&D CenterNovMetaPharma Co., LtdPohang37668South Korea
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and BioengineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673South Korea
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems PhysiologyInstitute of BioengineeringÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanne1015Switzerland
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Nguyen MN, Hooper C, Stefanini M, Vrellaku B, Carnicer R, Wood MJ, Simon JN, Casadei B. Why is early-onset atrial fibrillation uncommon in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy? Insights from the mdx mouse. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:519-530. [PMID: 38270932 PMCID: PMC11060487 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS A reduction in both dystrophin and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1) secondary to microRNA-31 (miR-31) up-regulation contributes to the atrial electrical remodelling that underpins human and experimental atrial fibrillation (AF). In contrast, patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), who lack dystrophin and NOS1 and, at least in the skeletal muscle, have raised miR-31 expression, do not have increase susceptibility to AF in the absence of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Here, we investigated whether dystrophin deficiency is also associated with atrial up-regulation of miR-31, loss of NOS1 protein, and increased AF susceptibility in young mdx mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Echocardiography showed normal cardiac structure and function in 12-13 weeks mdx mice, with no indication by assay of hydroxyproline that atrial fibrosis had developed. The absence of dystrophin in mdx mice was accompanied by an overall reduction in syntrophin and a lower NOS1 protein content in the skeletal muscle and in the left atrial and ventricular myocardium, with the latter occurring alongside reduced Nos1 transcript levels (exons 1-2 by quantitative polymerase chain reaction) and an increase in NOS1 polyubiquitination [assessed using tandem polyubiquitination pulldowns; P < 0.05 vs. wild type (WT)]. Neither the up-regulation of miR-31 nor the substantial reduction in NOS activity observed in the skeletal muscle was present in the atrial tissue of mdx mice. At difference with the skeletal muscle, the mdx atrial myocardium showed a reduction in the constitutive NOS inhibitor, caveolin-1, coupled with an increase in NOS3 serine1177 phosphorylation, in the absence of differences in the protein content of other NOS isoforms or in the relative expression NOS1 splice variants. In line with these findings, transoesophageal atrial burst pacing revealed no difference in AF susceptibility between mdx mice and their WT littermates. CONCLUSION Dystrophin depletion is not associated with atrial miR-31 up-regulation, reduced NOS activity, or increased AF susceptibility in the mdx mouse. Compared with the skeletal muscle, the milder atrial biochemical phenotype may explain why patients with DMD do not exhibit a higher prevalence of atrial arrhythmias despite a reduction in NOS1 content.
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Affiliation(s)
- My-Nhan Nguyen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, L6 West Wing, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Charlotte Hooper
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, L6 West Wing, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Matilde Stefanini
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, L6 West Wing, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Besarte Vrellaku
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, L6 West Wing, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Ricardo Carnicer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, L6 West Wing, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Matthew J Wood
- Department of Paediatrics and Muscular Dystrophy UK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jillian N Simon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, L6 West Wing, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Barbara Casadei
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, L6 West Wing, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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Dorninger F, Kiss A, Rothauer P, Stiglbauer-Tscholakoff A, Kummer S, Fallatah W, Perera-Gonzalez M, Hamza O, König T, Bober MB, Cavallé-Garrido T, Braverman NE, Forss-Petter S, Pifl C, Bauer J, Bittner RE, Helbich TH, Podesser BK, Todt H, Berger J. Overlapping and Distinct Features of Cardiac Pathology in Inherited Human and Murine Ether Lipid Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1884. [PMID: 36768204 PMCID: PMC9914995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited deficiency in ether lipids, a subgroup of glycerophospholipids with unique biochemical and biophysical properties, evokes severe symptoms in humans resulting in a multi-organ syndrome. Mouse models with defects in ether lipid biosynthesis have widely been used to understand the pathophysiology of human disease and to study the roles of ether lipids in various cell types and tissues. However, little is known about the function of these lipids in cardiac tissue. Previous studies included case reports of cardiac defects in ether-lipid-deficient patients, but a systematic analysis of the impact of ether lipid deficiency on the mammalian heart is still missing. Here, we utilize a mouse model of complete ether lipid deficiency (Gnpat KO) to accomplish this task. Similar to a subgroup of human patients with rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata (RCDP), a fraction of Gnpat KO fetuses present with defects in ventricular septation, presumably evoked by a developmental delay. We did not detect any signs of cardiomyopathy but identified increased left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic pressure in middle-aged ether-lipid-deficient mice. By comprehensive electrocardiographic characterization, we consistently found reduced ventricular conduction velocity, as indicated by a prolonged QRS complex, as well as increased QRS and QT dispersion in the Gnpat KO group. Furthermore, a shift of the Wenckebach point to longer cycle lengths indicated depressed atrioventricular nodal function. To complement our findings in mice, we analyzed medical records and performed electrocardiography in ether-lipid-deficient human patients, which, in contrast to the murine phenotype, indicated a trend towards shortened QT intervals. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the cardiac phenotype upon ether lipid deficiency is highly heterogeneous, and although the manifestations in the mouse model only partially match the abnormalities in human patients, the results add to our understanding of the physiological role of ether lipids and emphasize their importance for proper cardiac development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Dorninger
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Attila Kiss
- Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Rothauer
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 13a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Stiglbauer-Tscholakoff
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Molecular and Structural Preclinical Imaging, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Kummer
- Neuromuscular Research Department, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 13, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wedad Fallatah
- Department of Genetic Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Human Genetics and Pediatrics, Montreal Children’s Hospital, McGill University, 1001 Décarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Mireia Perera-Gonzalez
- Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ouafa Hamza
- Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresa König
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael B. Bober
- Skeletal Dysplasia Program, Nemours Children’s Hospital, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Tiscar Cavallé-Garrido
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Montreal Children’s Hospital, McGill University, 1001 Décarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Nancy E. Braverman
- Department of Human Genetics and Pediatrics, Montreal Children’s Hospital, McGill University, 1001 Décarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Sonja Forss-Petter
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Pifl
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Bauer
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Reginald E. Bittner
- Neuromuscular Research Department, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 13, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas H. Helbich
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Molecular and Structural Preclinical Imaging, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bruno K. Podesser
- Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannes Todt
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 13a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Berger
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Oliveira-Santos A, Dagda M, Burkin DJ. Sunitinib inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation in cardiac muscle and prevents cardiomyopathy in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:2358-2369. [PMID: 35157045 PMCID: PMC9307308 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal X-linked genetic disorder affecting approximately 1 in 5000 male births worldwide. DMD is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Dystrophin is essential for maintaining muscle cell membrane integrity and stability by linking the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix, which protects myofibers from contraction-induced damage. Loss of dystrophin leads to mechanically induced skeletal and cardiac muscle damage. Although the disease is not evident in DMD patients at birth, muscular dystrophy rapidly progresses and results in respiratory and cardiac muscle failure as early as the teenage years. Premature death in DMD patients is due to cardiac arrhythmias and left ventricular dysfunction. Currently, there is no effective treatment for DMD-related cardiac failure. Recently, we have shown that a Food and Drug Administration-approved small molecule, sunitinib, a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor can mitigate skeletal muscle disease through an increase in myogenic capacity, cell membrane integrity, and improvement of skeletal muscle function via regulation of STAT3-related signaling pathway. Chronic activation of STAT3 has been shown to promote cardiac hypertrophy and failure. In this study, we examined the effects of long-term sunitinib treatment on cardiac pathology and function. Our results showed sunitinib treatment reduced STAT3 phosphorylation in the heart muscle of mdx mice, improved cardiac electrical function, increased cardiac output and stroke volume, decreased ventricular hypertrophy, reduced cardiomyocytes membrane damage, fibrotic tissue deposition and slightly decreased cardiac inflammation. Together, our studies support the idea that sunitinib could serve as a novel treatment to slow cardiomyopathy progression in DMD. One Sentence Summary In this study, we determined if sunitinib, a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug, could reduce the pathology and improve cardiac function in an animal model for DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariany Oliveira-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada Reno, School of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Reno NV 89557, USA
| | - Marisela Dagda
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada Reno, School of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Reno NV 89557, USA
| | - Dean J Burkin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada Reno, School of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Reno NV 89557, USA
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5
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Florczyk-Soluch U, Polak K, Dulak J. The multifaceted view of heart problem in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5447-5468. [PMID: 34091693 PMCID: PMC8257522 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03862-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dystrophin is a large protein serving as local scaffolding repetitively bridging cytoskeleton and the outside of striated muscle cell. As such dystrophin is a critical brick primarily in dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAGC) and in a larger submembranous unit, costamere. Accordingly, the lack of functional dystrophin laying at the root of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) drives sarcolemma instability. From this point on, the cascade inevitably leading to the death of myocyte begins. In cardiomyocytes, intracellular calcium overload and related mitochondrial-mediated cell death mainly contribute to myocardial dysfunction and dilation while other protein dysregulation and/or mislocalization may affect electrical conduction system and favor arrhythmogenesis. Although clinically DMD manifests as progressive muscle weakness and skeletal muscle symptoms define characteristic of DMD, it is the heart problem the biggest challenge that most often develop in the form of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Current standards of treatment and recent progress in respiratory care, introduced in most settings in the 1990s, have improved quality of life and median life expectancy to 4th decade of patient's age. At the same time, cardiac causes of death related to DMD increases. Despite preventive and palliative cardiac treatments available, the prognoses remain poor. Direct therapeutic targeting of dystrophin deficiency is critical, however, hindered by the large size of the dystrophin cDNA and/or stochastic, often extensive genetic changes in DMD gene. The correlation between cardiac involvement and mutations affecting specific dystrophin isoforms, may provide a mutation-specific cardiac management and novel therapeutic approaches for patients with CM. Nonetheless, the successful cardiac treatment poses a big challenge and may require combined therapy to combat dystrophin deficiency and its after-effects (critical in DMD pathogenesis). This review locates the multifaceted heart problem in the course of DMD, balancing the insights into basic science, translational efforts and clinical manifestation of dystrophic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Florczyk-Soluch
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Polak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Józef Dulak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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6
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Sullivan RT, Lam NT, Haberman M, Beatka MJ, Afzal MZ, Lawlor MW, Strande JL. Cardioprotective effect of nicorandil on isoproterenol induced cardiomyopathy in the Mdx mouse model. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:302. [PMID: 34130633 PMCID: PMC8207777 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02112-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) associated cardiomyopathy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. In an in vitro DMD cardiomyocyte model, nicorandil reversed stress-induced cell injury through multiple pathways implicated in DMD. We aimed to test the efficacy of nicorandil on the progression of cardiomyopathy in mdx mice following a 10-day treatment protocol. METHODS A subset of mdx mice was subjected to low-dose isoproterenol injections over 5 days to induce a cardiac phenotype and treated with vehicle or nicorandil for 10 days. Baseline and day 10 echocardiograms were obtained to assess cardiac function. At 10 days, cardiac tissue was harvested for further analysis, which included histologic analysis and assessment of oxidative stress. Paired student's t test was used for in group comparison, and ANOVA was used for multiple group comparisons. RESULTS Compared to vehicle treated mice, isoproterenol decreased ejection fraction and fractional shortening on echocardiogram. Nicorandil prevented isoproterenol induced cardiac dysfunction. Isoproterenol increased cardiac fibrosis, which nicorandil prevented. Isoproterenol increased gene expression of NADPH oxidase, which decreased to baseline with nicorandil treatment. Superoxide dismutase 2 protein expression increased in those treated with nicorandil, and xanthine oxidase activity decreased in mice treated with nicorandil during isoproterenol stress compared to all other groups. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, nicorandil is cardioprotective in mdx mice and warrants continued investigation as a therapy for DMD associated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel T Sullivan
- Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Ngoc T Lam
- Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Margaret Haberman
- Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Margaret J Beatka
- Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Muhammad Z Afzal
- Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Michael W Lawlor
- Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Jennifer L Strande
- Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
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7
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Howard ZM, Dorn LE, Lowe J, Gertzen MD, Ciccone P, Rastogi N, Odom GL, Accornero F, Chamberlain JS, Rafael-Fortney JA. Micro-dystrophin gene therapy prevents heart failure in an improved Duchenne muscular dystrophy cardiomyopathy mouse model. JCI Insight 2021; 6:146511. [PMID: 33651713 PMCID: PMC8119181 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.146511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene replacement for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) with micro-dystrophins has entered clinical trials, but efficacy in preventing heart failure is unknown. Although most patients with DMD die from heart failure, cardiomyopathy is undetectable until the teens, so efficacy from trials in young boys will be unknown for a decade. Available DMD animal models were sufficient to demonstrate micro-dystrophin efficacy on earlier onset skeletal muscle pathology underlying loss of ambulation and respiratory insufficiency in patients. However, no mouse models progressed into heart failure, and dog models showed highly variable progression insufficient to evaluate efficacy of micro-dystrophin or other therapies on DMD heart failure. To overcome this barrier, we have generated the first DMD mouse model to our knowledge that reproducibly progresses into heart failure. This model shows cardiac inflammation and fibrosis occur prior to reduced function. Fibrosis does not continue to accumulate, but inflammation persists after function declines. We used this model to test micro-dystrophin gene therapy efficacy on heart failure prevention for the first time. Micro-dystrophin prevented declines in cardiac function and prohibited onset of inflammation and fibrosis. This model will allow identification of committed pathogenic steps to heart failure and testing of genetic and nongenetic therapies to optimize cardiac care for patients with DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M. Howard
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology and Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Lisa E. Dorn
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology and Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeovanna Lowe
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology and Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Megan D. Gertzen
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology and Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Pierce Ciccone
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology and Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Neha Rastogi
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology and Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Guy L. Odom
- Department of Neurology and Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Federica Accornero
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology and Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Chamberlain
- Department of Neurology and Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jill A. Rafael-Fortney
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology and Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Farini A, Sitzia C, Villa C, Cassani B, Tripodi L, Legato M, Belicchi M, Bella P, Lonati C, Gatti S, Cerletti M, Torrente Y. Defective dystrophic thymus determines degenerative changes in skeletal muscle. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2099. [PMID: 33833239 PMCID: PMC8032677 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22305-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), sarcolemma fragility and myofiber necrosis produce cellular debris that attract inflammatory cells. Macrophages and T-lymphocytes infiltrate muscles in response to damage-associated molecular pattern signalling and the release of TNF-α, TGF-β and interleukins prevent skeletal muscle improvement from the inflammation. This immunological scenario was extended by the discovery of a specific response to muscle antigens and a role for regulatory T cells (Tregs) in muscle regeneration. Normally, autoimmunity is avoided by autoreactive T-lymphocyte deletion within thymus, while in the periphery Tregs monitor effector T-cells escaping from central regulatory control. Here, we report impairment of thymus architecture of mdx mice together with decreased expression of ghrelin, autophagy dysfunction and AIRE down-regulation. Transplantation of dystrophic thymus in recipient nude mice determine the up-regulation of inflammatory/fibrotic markers, marked metabolic breakdown that leads to muscle atrophy and loss of force. These results indicate that involution of dystrophic thymus exacerbates muscular dystrophy by altering central immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Farini
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
| | - Clementina Sitzia
- Residency Program in Clinical Pathology and Clinical Biochemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Villa
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Cassani
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (CNR-IRGB), Milan Unit, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas clinical and research center, Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy
| | - Luana Tripodi
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariella Legato
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
| | - Marzia Belicchi
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
| | - Pamela Bella
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Lonati
- Center for Surgical Research, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Gatti
- Center for Surgical Research, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Cerletti
- UCL Research Department for Surgical Biotechnology, University College London, London, UK
- UCL Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yvan Torrente
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy.
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Mosqueira M, Konietzny R, Andresen C, Wang C, H A Fink R. Cardiomyocyte depolarization triggers NOS-dependent NO transient after calcium release, reducing the subsequent calcium transient. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:18. [PMID: 33728868 PMCID: PMC7966140 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00860-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling and metabolic and signaling activities are centrally modulated by nitric oxide (NO), which is produced by one of three NO synthases (NOSs). Despite the significant role of NO in cardiac Ca2+ homeostasis regulation under different pathophysiological conditions, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), no precise method describes the production, source or effect of NO through two NO signaling pathways: soluble guanylate cyclase-protein kinase G (NO-sGC-PKG) and S-nitrosylation (SNO). Using a novel strategy involving isolated murine cardiomyocytes loaded with a copper-based dye highly specific for NO, we observed a single transient NO production signal after each electrical stimulation event. The NO transient signal started 67.5 ms after the beginning of Rhod-2 Ca2+ transient signal and lasted for approximately 430 ms. Specific NOS isoform blockers or NO scavengers significantly inhibited the NO transient, suggesting that wild-type (WT) cardiomyocytes produce nNOS-dependent NO transients. Conversely, NO transient in mdx cardiomyocyte, a mouse model of DMD, was dependent on inducible NOS (iNOS) and endothelial (eNOS). In a consecutive stimulation protocol, the nNOS-dependent NO transient in WT cardiomyocytes significantly reduced the next Ca2+ transient via NO-sGC-PKG. In mdx cardiomyocytes, this inhibitory effect was iNOS- and eNOS-dependent and occurred through the SNO pathway. Basal NO production was nNOS- and iNOS-dependent in WT cardiomyocytes and eNOS- and iNOS-dependent in mdx cardiomyocytes. These results showed cardiomyocyte produces NO isoform-dependent transients upon membrane depolarization at the millisecond time scale activating a specific signaling pathway to negatively modulate the subsequent Ca2+ transient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Mosqueira
- Cardio-Ventilatory Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, R. 305, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Medical Biophysics Unit, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Roland Konietzny
- Cardio-Ventilatory Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, R. 305, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Biophysics Unit, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolin Andresen
- Cardio-Ventilatory Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, R. 305, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Biophysics Unit, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chao Wang
- Cardio-Ventilatory Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, R. 305, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Biophysics Unit, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Cardiovascular Department, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Hubei, China
| | - Rainer H A Fink
- Medical Biophysics Unit, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Abstract
Cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) is the key second messenger molecule in nitric oxide signaling. Its rapid generation and fate, but also its role in mediating acute cellular functions has been extensively studied. In the past years, genetic studies suggested an important role for cGMP in affecting the risk of chronic cardiovascular diseases, for example, coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. Here, we review the role of cGMP in atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases and discuss recent genetic findings and identified mechanisms. Finally, we highlight open questions and promising research topics.
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11
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Rodriguez-Gonzalez M, Lubian-Gutierrez M, Cascales-Poyatos HM, Perez-Reviriego AA, Castellano-Martinez A. Role of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Dystrophin-Deficient Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010356. [PMID: 33396334 PMCID: PMC7796305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystrophin-deficient cardiomyopathy (DDC) is currently the leading cause of death in patients with dystrophinopathies. Targeting myocardial fibrosis (MF) has become a major therapeutic goal in order to prevent the occurrence of DDC. We aimed to review and summarize the current evidence about the role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the development and perpetuation of MF in DCC. We conducted a comprehensive search of peer-reviewed English literature on PubMed about this subject. We found increasing preclinical evidence from studies in animal models during the last 20 years pointing out a central role of RAAS in the development of MF in DDC. Local tissue RAAS acts directly mainly through its main fibrotic component angiotensin II (ANG2) and its transducer receptor (AT1R) and downstream TGF-b pathway. Additionally, it modulates the actions of most of the remaining pro-fibrotic factors involved in DDC. Despite limited clinical evidence, RAAS blockade constitutes the most studied, available and promising therapeutic strategy against MF and DDC. Conclusion: Based on the evidence reviewed, it would be recommendable to start RAAS blockade therapy through angiotensin converter enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or AT1R blockers (ARBs) alone or in combination with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRa) at the youngest age after the diagnosis of dystrophinopathies, in order to delay the occurrence or slow the progression of MF, even before the detection of any cardiovascular alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moises Rodriguez-Gonzalez
- Pediatric Cardiology Division of Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-956002700
| | - Manuel Lubian-Gutierrez
- Pediatric Neurology Division of Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain;
- Pediatric Division of Doctor Cayetano Roldan Primary Care Center, 11100 San Fernando, Spain
| | | | | | - Ana Castellano-Martinez
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain;
- Pediatric Nephrology Division of Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
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12
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Boycott HE, Nguyen MN, Vrellaku B, Gehmlich K, Robinson P. Nitric Oxide and Mechano-Electrical Transduction in Cardiomyocytes. Front Physiol 2020; 11:606740. [PMID: 33384614 PMCID: PMC7770138 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.606740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability§ of the heart to adapt to changes in the mechanical environment is critical for normal cardiac physiology. The role of nitric oxide is increasingly recognized as a mediator of mechanical signaling. Produced in the heart by nitric oxide synthases, nitric oxide affects almost all mechano-transduction pathways within the cardiomyocyte, with roles mediating mechano-sensing, mechano-electric feedback (via modulation of ion channel activity), and calcium handling. As more precise experimental techniques for applying mechanical stresses to cells are developed, the role of these forces in cardiomyocyte function can be further understood. Furthermore, specific inhibitors of different nitric oxide synthase isoforms are now available to elucidate the role of these enzymes in mediating mechano-electrical signaling. Understanding of the links between nitric oxide production and mechano-electrical signaling is incomplete, particularly whether mechanically sensitive ion channels are regulated by nitric oxide, and how this affects the cardiac action potential. This is of particular relevance to conditions such as atrial fibrillation and heart failure, in which nitric oxide production is reduced. Dysfunction of the nitric oxide/mechano-electrical signaling pathways are likely to be a feature of cardiac pathology (e.g., atrial fibrillation, cardiomyopathy, and heart failure) and a better understanding of the importance of nitric oxide signaling and its links to mechanical regulation of heart function may advance our understanding of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E. Boycott
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - My-Nhan Nguyen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Besarte Vrellaku
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katja Gehmlich
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Robinson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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13
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Garbincius JF, Merz LE, Cuttitta AJ, Bayne KV, Schrade S, Armstead EA, Converso-Baran KL, Whitesall SE, D'Alecy LG, Michele DE. Enhanced dimethylarginine degradation improves coronary flow reserve and exercise tolerance in Duchenne muscular dystrophy carrier mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H582-H603. [PMID: 32762558 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00333.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked disease caused by null mutations in dystrophin and characterized by muscle degeneration. Cardiomyopathy is common and often prevalent at similar frequency in female DMD carriers irrespective of whether they manifest skeletal muscle disease. Impaired muscle nitric oxide (NO) production in DMD disrupts muscle blood flow regulation and exaggerates postexercise fatigue. We show that circulating levels of endogenous methylated arginines including asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), which act as NO synthase inhibitors, are elevated by acute necrotic muscle damage and in chronically necrotic dystrophin-deficient mice. We therefore hypothesized that excessive ADMA impairs muscle NO production and diminishes exercise tolerance in DMD. We used transgenic expression of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH), which degrades methylated arginines, to investigate their contribution to exercise-induced fatigue in DMD. Although infusion of exogenous ADMA was sufficient to impair exercise performance in wild-type mice, transgenic DDAH expression did not rescue exercise-induced fatigue in dystrophin-deficient male mdx mice. Surprisingly, DDAH transgene expression did attenuate exercise-induced fatigue in dystrophin-heterozygous female mdx carrier mice. Improved exercise tolerance was associated with reduced heart weight and improved cardiac β-adrenergic responsiveness in DDAH-transgenic mdx carriers. We conclude that DDAH overexpression increases exercise tolerance in female DMD carriers, possibly by limiting cardiac pathology and preserving the heart's responses to changes in physiological demand. Methylated arginine metabolism may be a new target to improve exercise tolerance and cardiac function in DMD carriers or act as an adjuvant to promote NO signaling alongside therapies that partially restore dystrophin expression in patients with DMD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) carriers are at risk for cardiomyopathy. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is released from damaged muscle in DMD and impairs exercise performance. Transgenic expression of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase to degrade ADMA prevents cardiac hypertrophy, improves cardiac function, and improves exercise tolerance in DMD carrier mice. These findings highlight the relevance of ADMA to muscular dystrophy and have important implications for therapies targeting nitric oxide in patients with DMD and DMD carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne F Garbincius
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lauren E Merz
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ashley J Cuttitta
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kaitlynn V Bayne
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sara Schrade
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Emily A Armstead
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Steven E Whitesall
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Physiology Phenotyping Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Louis G D'Alecy
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Physiology Phenotyping Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Daniel E Michele
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Physiology Phenotyping Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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14
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Dubinin MV, Talanov EY, Tenkov KS, Starinets VS, Mikheeva IB, Belosludtsev KN. Transport of Ca 2+ and Ca 2+-dependent permeability transition in heart mitochondria in the early stages of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148250. [PMID: 32569663 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive skeletal muscle disease that is associated with severe cardiac complications in the late stages. Significant mitochondrial dysfunction is reportedly responsible for the development of cardiomyopathy with age. At the same time, adaptive changes in mitochondrial metabolism in cardiomyocytes were identified in the early stages of DMD. In this work, we evaluate the functioning of calcium transport systems (MCU and NCLX), and MPT pore in the heart mitochondria of young dystrophin-deficient mice. As compared to wild-type animals, heart mitochondria of mdx mice have been found to be more efficient both in respect to Ca2+ uniport and Na+-dependent Ca2+ efflux. The data obtained indicate that the increased rate of Ca2+ uptake by heart mitochondria of mdx mice may be due to an increase in the ratio of MCU and MCUb subunits. In turn, an increase in the rate of Ca2+ efflux from organelles in DMD may be the result of a significant increase in the level of NCLX. Moreover, the heart mitochondria of mdx mice were more resistant to MPT pore opening, which may be due to an increase in the microviscosity of mitochondrial membranes of DMD mice. At the same time, the level of putative MPT pore proteins did not change. The paper discusses the effect of rearrangements of the mitochondrial proteome involved in the transport and accumulation of calcium on the adaptation of this organ to DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V Dubinin
- Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El 424001, Russia.
| | - Eugeny Yu Talanov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - Kirill S Tenkov
- Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El 424001, Russia
| | - Vlada S Starinets
- Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El 424001, Russia; Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - Irina B Mikheeva
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - Konstantin N Belosludtsev
- Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El 424001, Russia; Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
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15
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Lillo MA, Himelman E, Shirokova N, Xie LH, Fraidenraich D, Contreras JE. S-nitrosylation of connexin43 hemichannels elicits cardiac stress-induced arrhythmias in Duchenne muscular dystrophy mice. JCI Insight 2019; 4:130091. [PMID: 31751316 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.130091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) commonly present with severe ventricular arrhythmias that contribute to heart failure. Arrhythmias and lethality are also consistently observed in adult Dmdmdx mice, a mouse model of DMD, after acute β-adrenergic stimulation. These pathological features were previously linked to aberrant expression and remodeling of the cardiac gap junction protein connexin43 (Cx43). Here, we report that remodeled Cx43 protein forms Cx43 hemichannels in the lateral membrane of Dmdmdx cardiomyocytes and that the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (Iso) aberrantly activates these hemichannels. Block of Cx43 hemichannels or a reduction in Cx43 levels (using Dmdmdx Cx43+/- mice) prevents the abnormal increase in membrane permeability, plasma membrane depolarization, and Iso-evoked electrical activity in these cells. Additionally, Iso treatment promotes nitric oxide (NO) production and S-nitrosylation of Cx43 hemichannels in Dmdmdx heart. Importantly, inhibition of NO production prevents arrhythmias evoked by Iso. We found that NO directly activates Cx43 hemichannels by S-nitrosylation of cysteine at position 271. Our results demonstrate that opening of remodeled and S-nitrosylated Cx43 hemichannels plays a key role in the development of arrhythmias in DMD mice and that these channels may serve as therapeutic targets to prevent fatal arrhythmias in patients with DMD .
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Himelman
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Lai-Hua Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Diego Fraidenraich
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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16
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West JD, Galindo CL, Kim K, Shin JJ, Atkinson JB, Macias‐Perez I, Pavliv L, Knollmann BC, Soslow JH, Markham LW, Carrier EJ. Antagonism of the Thromboxane-Prostanoid Receptor as a Potential Therapy for Cardiomyopathy of Muscular Dystrophy. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e011902. [PMID: 31662020 PMCID: PMC6898850 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.011902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Muscular dystrophy (MD) causes a progressive cardiomyopathy characterized by diffuse fibrosis, arrhythmia, heart failure, and early death. Activation of the thromboxane-prostanoid receptor (TPr) increases calcium transients in cardiomyocytes and is proarrhythmic and profibrotic. We hypothesized that TPr activation contributes to the cardiac phenotype of MD, and that TPr antagonism would improve cardiac fibrosis and function in preclinical models of MD. Methods and Results Three different mouse models of MD (mdx/utrn double knockout, second generation mdx/mTR double knockout, and delta-sarcoglycan knockout) were given normal drinking water or water containing 25 mg/kg per day of the TPr antagonist ifetroban, beginning at weaning. After 6 months (10 weeks for mdx/utrn double knockout), mice were evaluated for cardiac and skeletal muscle function before euthanization. There was a 100% survival rate of ifetroban-treated mice to the predetermined end point, compared with 60%, 43%, and 90% for mdx/utrn double knockout, mdx/mTR double knockout, and delta-sarcoglycan knockout mice, respectively. TPr antagonism improved cardiac output in mdx/utrn double knockout and mdx/mTR mice, and normalized fractional shortening, ejection fraction, and other parameters in delta-sarcoglycan knockout mice. Cardiac fibrosis in delta-sarcoglycan knockout was reduced with TPr antagonism, which also normalized cardiac expression of claudin-5 and neuronal nitric oxide synthase proteins and multiple signature genes of Duchenne MD. Conclusions TPr antagonism reduced cardiomyopathy and spontaneous death in mouse models of Duchenne and limb-girdle MD. Based on these studies, ifetroban and other TPr antagonists could be novel therapeutics for treatment of the cardiac phenotype in patients with MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. West
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical CareVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN
| | - Cristi L. Galindo
- Division of CardiologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN
| | - Kyungsoo Kim
- Division of Clinical PharmacologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN
| | - John Jonghyun Shin
- Division of Rheumatology and ImmunologyDepartment of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN
| | - James B. Atkinson
- Department of MedicineDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology, and ImmunologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN
| | | | - Leo Pavliv
- Cumberland Pharmaceuticals IncNashvilleTN
| | - Bjorn C. Knollmann
- Division of Clinical PharmacologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN
| | - Jonathan H. Soslow
- Division of Pediatric CardiologyDepartment of PediatricsVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN
| | - Larry W. Markham
- Division of CardiologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN
- Division of Pediatric CardiologyDepartment of PediatricsRiley Hospital for Children and Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN
| | - Erica J. Carrier
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical CareVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN
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17
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Meyers TA, Townsend D. Cardiac Pathophysiology and the Future of Cardiac Therapies in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4098. [PMID: 31443395 PMCID: PMC6747383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating disease featuring skeletal muscle wasting, respiratory insufficiency, and cardiomyopathy. Historically, respiratory failure has been the leading cause of mortality in DMD, but recent improvements in symptomatic respiratory management have extended the life expectancy of DMD patients. With increased longevity, the clinical relevance of heart disease in DMD is growing, as virtually all DMD patients over 18 year of age display signs of cardiomyopathy. This review will focus on the pathophysiological basis of DMD in the heart and discuss the therapeutic approaches currently in use and those in development to treat dystrophic cardiomyopathy. The first section will describe the aspects of the DMD that result in the loss of cardiac tissue and accumulation of fibrosis. The second section will discuss cardiac small molecule therapies currently used to treat heart disease in DMD, with a focus on the evidence supporting the use of each drug in dystrophic patients. The final section will outline the strengths and limitations of approaches directed at correcting the genetic defect through dystrophin gene replacement, modification, or repair. There are several new and promising therapeutic approaches that may protect the dystrophic heart, but their limitations suggest that future management of dystrophic cardiomyopathy may benefit from combining gene-targeted therapies with small molecule therapies. Understanding the mechanistic basis of dystrophic heart disease and the effects of current and emerging therapies will be critical for their success in the treatment of patients with DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana A Meyers
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - DeWayne Townsend
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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18
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Voltage-Dependent Sarcolemmal Ion Channel Abnormalities in the Dystrophin-Deficient Heart. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113296. [PMID: 30360568 PMCID: PMC6274787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding for the intracellular protein dystrophin cause severe forms of muscular dystrophy. These so-called dystrophinopathies are characterized by skeletal muscle weakness and degeneration. Dystrophin deficiency also gives rise to considerable complications in the heart, including cardiomyopathy development and arrhythmias. The current understanding of the pathomechanisms in the dystrophic heart is limited, but there is growing evidence that dysfunctional voltage-dependent ion channels in dystrophin-deficient cardiomyocytes play a significant role. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge about abnormalities in voltage-dependent sarcolemmal ion channel properties in the dystrophic heart, and discuss the potentially underlying mechanisms, as well as their pathophysiological relevance.
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19
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Cardiac-specific inducible overexpression of human plasma membrane Ca 2+ ATPase 4b is cardioprotective and improves survival in mice following ischemic injury. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:641-654. [PMID: 29487197 DOI: 10.1042/cs20171337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: Heart failure (HF) is associated with reduced expression of plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase 4 (PMCA4). Cardiac-specific overexpression of human PMCA4b in mice inhibited nNOS activity and reduced cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting calcineurin. Here we examine temporally regulated cardiac-specific overexpression of hPMCA4b in mouse models of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) ex vivo, and HF following experimental myocardial infarction (MI) in vivoMethods and results: Doxycycline-regulated cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression and activity of hPMCA4b produced adaptive changes in expression levels of Ca2+-regulatory genes, and induced hypertrophy without significant differences in Ca2+ transients or diastolic Ca2+ concentrations. Total cardiac NOS and nNOS-specific activities were reduced in mice with cardiac overexpression of hPMCA4b while nNOS, eNOS and iNOS protein levels did not differ. hMPCA4b-overexpressing mice also exhibited elevated systolic blood pressure vs. controls, with increased contractility and lusitropy in vivo In isolated hearts undergoing IRI, hPMCA4b overexpression was cardioprotective. NO donor-treated hearts overexpressing hPMCA4b showed reduced LVDP and larger infarct size versus vehicle-treated hearts undergoing IRI, demonstrating that the cardioprotective benefits of hPMCA4b-repressed nNOS are lost by restoring NO availability. Finally, both pre-existing and post-MI induction of hPMCA4b overexpression reduced infarct expansion and improved survival from HF.Conclusions: Cardiac PMCA4b regulates nNOS activity, cardiac mass and contractility, such that PMCA4b overexpression preserves cardiac function following IRI, heightens cardiac performance and limits infarct progression, cardiac hypertrophy and HF, even when induced late post-MI. These data identify PMCA4b as a novel therapeutic target for IRI and HF.
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20
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Wehling-Henricks M, Welc SS, Samengo G, Rinaldi C, Lindsey C, Wang Y, Lee J, Kuro-O M, Tidball JG. Macrophages escape Klotho gene silencing in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy and promote muscle growth and increase satellite cell numbers through a Klotho-mediated pathway. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27:14-29. [PMID: 29040534 PMCID: PMC5886268 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a muscle wasting disease in which inflammation influences the severity of pathology. We found that the onset of muscle inflammation in the mdx mouse model of DMD coincides with large increases in expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα); interferon gamma (IFNγ)] and dramatic reductions of the pro-myogenic protein Klotho in muscle cells and large increases of Klotho in pro-regenerative, CD206+ macrophages. Furthermore, TNFα and IFNγ treatments reduced Klotho in muscle cells and increased Klotho in macrophages. Because CD206+/Klotho+ macrophages were concentrated at sites of muscle regeneration, we tested whether macrophage-derived Klotho promotes myogenesis. Klotho transgenic macrophages had a pro-proliferative influence on muscle cells that was ablated by neutralizing antibodies to Klotho and conditioned media from Klotho mutant macrophages did not increase muscle cell proliferation in vitro. In addition, transplantation of bone marrow cells from Klotho transgenic mice into mdx recipients increased numbers of myogenic cells and increased the size of muscle fibers. Klotho also acted directly on macrophages, stimulating their secretion of TNFα. Because TNFα is a muscle mitogen, we tested whether the pro-proliferative effects of Klotho on muscle cells were mediated by TNFα and found that increased proliferation caused by Klotho was reduced by anti-TNFα. Collectively, these data show that pro-inflammatory cytokines contribute to silencing of Klotho in dystrophic muscle, but increase Klotho expression by macrophages. Our findings also show that macrophage-derived Klotho can promote muscle regeneration by expanding populations of muscle stem cells and increasing muscle fiber growth in dystrophic muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Wehling-Henricks
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Steven S Welc
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Guiseppina Samengo
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Chiara Rinaldi
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Catherine Lindsey
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jeongyoon Lee
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Makoto Kuro-O
- Division of Anti-Aging Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - James G Tidball
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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21
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Johnstone VPA, Viola HM, Hool LC. Dystrophic Cardiomyopathy-Potential Role of Calcium in Pathogenesis, Treatment and Novel Therapies. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8040108. [PMID: 28338606 PMCID: PMC5406855 DOI: 10.3390/genes8040108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by defects in the DMD gene and results in progressive wasting of skeletal and cardiac muscle due to an absence of functional dystrophin. Cardiomyopathy is prominent in DMD patients, and contributes significantly to mortality. This is particularly true following respiratory interventions that reduce death rate and increase ambulation and consequently cardiac load. Cardiomyopathy shows an increasing prevalence with age and disease progression, and over 95% of patients exhibit dilated cardiomyopathy by the time they reach adulthood. Development of the myopathy is complex, and elevations in intracellular calcium, functional muscle ischemia, and mitochondrial dysfunction characterise the pathophysiology. Current therapies are limited to treating symptoms of the disease and there is therefore an urgent need to treat the underlying genetic defect. Several novel therapies are outlined here, and the unprecedented success of phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) in preclinical and clinical studies is overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria P A Johnstone
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Helena M Viola
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Livia C Hool
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
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22
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Chen-Izu Y, Izu LT. Mechano-chemo-transduction in cardiac myocytes. J Physiol 2017; 595:3949-3958. [PMID: 28098356 DOI: 10.1113/jp273101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart has the ability to adjust to changing mechanical loads. The Frank-Starling law and the Anrep effect describe exquisite intrinsic mechanisms the heart has for autoregulating the force of contraction to maintain cardiac output under changes of preload and afterload. Although these mechanisms have been known for more than a century, their cellular and molecular underpinnings are still debated. How does the cardiac myocyte sense changes in preload or afterload? How does the myocyte adjust its response to compensate for such changes? In cardiac myocytes Ca2+ is a crucial regulator of contractile force and in this review we compare and contrast recent studies from different labs that address these two important questions. The 'dimensionality' of the mechanical milieu under which experiments are carried out provide important clues to the location of the mechanosensors and the kinds of mechanical forces they can sense and respond to. As a first approximation, sensors inside the myocyte appear to modulate reactive oxygen species while sensors on the cell surface appear to also modulate nitric oxide signalling; both signalling pathways affect Ca2+ handling. Undoubtedly, further studies will add layers to this simplified picture. Clarifying the intimate links from cellular mechanics to reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide signalling and to Ca2+ handling will deepen our understanding of the Frank-Starling law and the Anrep effect, and also provide a unified view on how arrhythmias may arise in seemingly disparate diseases that have in common altered myocyte mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Chen-Izu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Cardiology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Leighton T Izu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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23
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Spinazzola JM, Kunkel LM. Pharmacological therapeutics targeting the secondary defects and downstream pathology of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2016; 4:1179-1194. [PMID: 28670506 DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2016.1240613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the identification of the dystrophin gene in 1986, a cure for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) has yet to be discovered. Presently, there are a number of genetic-based therapies in development aimed at restoration and/or repair of the primary defect. However, growing understanding of the pathophysiological consequences of dystrophin absence has revealed several promising downstream targets for the development of therapeutics. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discuss various strategies for DMD therapy targeting downstream consequences of dystrophin absence including loss of muscle mass, inflammation, fibrosis, calcium overload, oxidative stress, and ischemia. The rationale of each approach and the efficacy of drugs in preclinical and clinical studies are discussed. EXPERT OPINION For the last 30 years, effective DMD drug therapy has been limited to corticosteroids, which are associated with a number of negative side effects. Our knowledge of the consequences of dystrophin absence that contribute to DMD pathology has revealed several potential therapeutic targets. Some of these approaches may have potential to improve or slow disease progression independently or in combination with genetic-based approaches. The applicability of these pharmacological therapies to DMD patients irrespective of their genetic mutation, as well as the potential benefits even for advanced stage patients warrants their continued investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle M Spinazzola
- Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston, MA 02115.,Harvard Medical School, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Louis M Kunkel
- Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston, MA 02115.,Harvard Medical School, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Boston, MA 02115.,The Stem Cell Program at Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.,The Manton Center for Orphan Diseases, Boston, MA 02115.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138
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24
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Nitahara-Kasahara Y, Takeda S, Okada T. Inflammatory predisposition predicts disease phenotypes in muscular dystrophy. Inflamm Regen 2016; 36:14. [PMID: 29259687 PMCID: PMC5725653 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-016-0019-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an incurable genetic disease that presents with skeletal muscle weakness and chronic inflammation and is associated with early mortality. Indeed, immune cell infiltration into the skeletal muscle is a notable feature of the disease pathophysiology and is strongly associated with disease severity. Interleukin (IL)-10 regulates inflammatory immune responses by reducing both M1 macrophage activation and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby promoting the activation of the M2 macrophage phenotype. We previously reported that genetic ablation of IL-10 in dystrophic mice resulted in more severe phenotypes, in regard to heart and respiratory function, as evidenced by increased macrophage infiltration, high levels of inflammatory factors in the muscle, and progressive cardiorespiratory dysfunction. These data therefore indicate that IL-10 comprises an essential immune-modulator within dystrophic muscles. In this review, we highlight the pivotal role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of muscular dystrophy and discuss how an increased understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease may lead to novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Nitahara-Kasahara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin'ichi Takeda
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira Tokyo, Japan
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25
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Murphy S, Dowling P, Zweyer M, Mundegar RR, Henry M, Meleady P, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. Proteomic analysis of dystrophin deficiency and associated changes in the aged mdx-4cv heart model of dystrophinopathy-related cardiomyopathy. J Proteomics 2016; 145:24-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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26
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Cea LA, Puebla C, Cisterna BA, Escamilla R, Vargas AA, Frank M, Martínez-Montero P, Prior C, Molano J, Esteban-Rodríguez I, Pascual I, Gallano P, Lorenzo G, Pian H, Barrio LC, Willecke K, Sáez JC. Fast skeletal myofibers of mdx mouse, model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, express connexin hemichannels that lead to apoptosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2583-99. [PMID: 26803842 PMCID: PMC11108387 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) show numerous alterations including inflammation, apoptosis, and necrosis of myofibers. However, the molecular mechanism that explains these changes remains largely unknown. Here, the involvement of hemichannels formed by connexins (Cx HCs) was evaluated in skeletal muscle of mdx mouse model of DMD. Fast myofibers of mdx mice were found to express three connexins (39, 43 and 45) and high sarcolemma permeability, which was absent in myofibers of mdx Cx43(fl/fl)Cx45(fl/fl):Myo-Cre mice (deficient in skeletal muscle Cx43/Cx45 expression). These myofibers did not show elevated basal intracellular free Ca(2+) levels, immunoreactivity to phosphorylated p65 (active NF-κB), eNOS and annexin V/active Caspase 3 (marker of apoptosis) but presented dystrophin immunoreactivity. Moreover, muscles of mdx Cx43(fl/fl)Cx45(fl/fl):Myo-Cre mice exhibited partial decrease of necrotic features (big cells and high creatine kinase levels). Accordingly, these muscles showed similar macrophage infiltration as control mdx muscles. Nonetheless, the hanging test performance of mdx Cx43(fl/fl)Cx45(fl/fl):Myo-Cre mice was significantly better than that of control mdx Cx43(fl/fl)Cx45(fl/fl) mice. All three Cxs found in skeletal muscles of mdx mice were also detected in fast myofibers of biopsy specimens from patients with muscular dystrophy. Thus, reduction of Cx expression and/or function of Cx HCs may be potential therapeutic approaches to abrogate myofiber apoptosis in DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Cea
- Present: Program of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Carlos Puebla
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Bruno A Cisterna
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Rosalba Escamilla
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Aníbal A Vargas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marina Frank
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Carmen Prior
- Unidad de Genética Molecular-INGEMM, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdIPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Molano
- Unidad de Genética Molecular-INGEMM, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdIPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ignacio Pascual
- Servicio de Neuropediatría, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdIPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pía Gallano
- Servicio de Genética, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pablo-CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gustavo Lorenzo
- Servicio de Pediatria, "Ramón y Cajal" Hospital-IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Héctor Pian
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, "Ramón y Cajal" Hospital-IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis C Barrio
- Unidad de Neurología Experimental, "Ramón y Cajal" Hospital-IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Klaus Willecke
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Juan C Sáez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile.
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
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27
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Effects of fish oil containing eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on dystrophic mdx mice hearts at later stages of dystrophy. Nutrition 2016; 32:855-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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28
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Gentil C, Le Guiner C, Falcone S, Hogrel JY, Peccate C, Lorain S, Benkhelifa-Ziyyat S, Guigand L, Montus M, Servais L, Voit T, Piétri-Rouxel F. Dystrophin Threshold Level Necessary for Normalization of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase, Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase, and Ryanodine Receptor-Calcium Release Channel Type 1 Nitrosylation in Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy Dystrophinopathy. Hum Gene Ther 2016; 27:712-26. [PMID: 27279388 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2016.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, the clinically most advanced strategy to treat Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the exon-skipping strategy. Whereas antisense oligonucleotide-based clinical trials are underway for DMD, it is essential to determine the dystrophin restoration threshold needed to ensure improvement of muscle physiology at the molecular level. A preclinical trial has been conducted in golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) dogs treated in a forelimb by locoregional delivery of rAAV8-U7snRNA to promote exon skipping on the canine dystrophin messenger. Here, we exploited rAAV8-U7snRNA-transduced GRMD muscle samples, well characterized for their percentage of dystrophin-positive fibers, with the aim of defining the threshold of dystrophin rescue necessary for normalization of the status of neuronal nitric oxide synthase mu (nNOSμ), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and ryanodine receptor-calcium release channel type 1 (RyR1), crucial actors for efficient contractile function. Results showed that restoration of dystrophin in 40% of muscle fibers is needed to decrease abnormal cytosolic nNOSμ expression and to reduce overexpression of iNOS, these two parameters leading to a reduction in the NO level in the muscle fibers. Furthermore, the same percentage of dystrophin-positive fibers of 40% was associated with the normalization of RyR1 nitrosylation status and with stabilization of the RyR1-calstabin1 complex that is required to facilitate coupled gating. We concluded that a minimal threshold of 40% of dystrophin-positive fibers is necessary for the reinstatement of central proteins needed for proper muscle contractile function, and thus identified a rate of dystrophin expression significantly improving, at the molecular level, the dystrophic muscle physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel Gentil
- 1 Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 06/INSERM/CNRS/Institut de Myologie/Centre de Recherche en Myologie (CRM), GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Le Guiner
- 2 Atlantic Gene Therapies/INSERM UMR 1089 Université de Nantes , CHU de Nantes, IRT1, Nantes, France.,3 Généthon , Evry, France
| | - Sestina Falcone
- 1 Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 06/INSERM/CNRS/Institut de Myologie/Centre de Recherche en Myologie (CRM), GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Cécile Peccate
- 1 Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 06/INSERM/CNRS/Institut de Myologie/Centre de Recherche en Myologie (CRM), GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Lorain
- 1 Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 06/INSERM/CNRS/Institut de Myologie/Centre de Recherche en Myologie (CRM), GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Sofia Benkhelifa-Ziyyat
- 1 Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 06/INSERM/CNRS/Institut de Myologie/Centre de Recherche en Myologie (CRM), GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Lydie Guigand
- 5 Atlantic Gene Therapies /INRA UMR 703, ONIRIS, Nantes-Atlantic National College of Veterinary Medicine , Food Science, and Engineering, Nantes, France
| | | | - Laurent Servais
- 4 Institut de Myologie , GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Voit
- 1 Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 06/INSERM/CNRS/Institut de Myologie/Centre de Recherche en Myologie (CRM), GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - France Piétri-Rouxel
- 1 Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 06/INSERM/CNRS/Institut de Myologie/Centre de Recherche en Myologie (CRM), GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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29
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The Effects of Experimental Sleep Apnea on Cardiac and Respiratory Functions in 6 and 18 Month Old Dystrophic (mdx) Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147640. [PMID: 26808526 PMCID: PMC4726600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal disease where over 90% of patients succumb to respiratory or cardiac failure. Sleep apnea and sleep disordered breathing (SDB) are noted in a plurality of DMD patients, and the resulting nocturnal episodic hypoxia (EH) cannot be ruled out as a contributing factor to cardiac and respiratory dysfunction. In this study, we investigated the impact of long-term episodic hypoxia, which mimics the cyclic hypoxia seen in sleep apnea, on cardiac and respiratory function in a murine model of DMD (mdx mice). Since the severity and prevalence of sleep apnea in DMD increases with age, we studied the impact of EH on young (6-month) and on older (18-month) mdx mice. Mice were either exposed for 12 weeks to EH (8 hours/day, 5 days/week) or to room air. We noted a significant increase in left ventricular (LV) dilatation (transthoracic echocardiography) on EH exposure in both age groups, but reduced LV contractility was seen only in 6-month old mice. With EH exposure, an increased fibrosis (hydroxyproline) was noted in both cardiac and diaphragm muscle in 18-month but not 6-month old mice. No significant change in relative diaphragm strength (in-vitro) was noted on EH exposure in 18-month old mice. In contrast, EH exposed 6-month old mice showed a significant increase in relative diaphragm strength. EH exposure did not result in any significant change in ventilatory parameters (barometric plethysmography) in awake 6-month old mdx mice. In contrast, 18-month old mdx mice showed considerable ventilatory dysfunction, consistent with reduced ventilatory reserve. Our findings highlight that sleep apnea impacts respiratory and cardiac function in muscular dystrophy, and that EH can have divergent effects on both systems. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study to investigate the impact of EH on cardiac and respiratory function in mdx mice.
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30
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Garbincius JF, Michele DE. Dystrophin-glycoprotein complex regulates muscle nitric oxide production through mechanoregulation of AMPK signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015. [PMID: 26483453 DOI: 10.1073./pnas.1512991112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients deficient in dystrophin, a protein that links the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix via the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC), exhibit muscular dystrophy, cardiomyopathy, and impaired muscle nitric oxide (NO) production. We used live-cell NO imaging and in vitro cyclic stretch of isolated adult mouse cardiomyocytes as a model system to investigate if and how the DGC directly regulates the mechanical activation of muscle NO signaling. Acute activation of NO synthesis by mechanical stretch was impaired in dystrophin-deficient mdx cardiomyocytes, accompanied by loss of stretch-induced neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) S1412 phosphorylation. Intriguingly, stretch induced the acute activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in normal cardiomyocytes but not in mdx cardiomyocytes, and specific inhibition of AMPK was sufficient to attenuate mechanoactivation of NO production. Therefore, we tested whether direct pharmacologic activation of AMPK could bypass defective mechanical signaling to restore nNOS activity in dystrophin-deficient cardiomyocytes. Indeed, activation of AMPK with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside or salicylate increased nNOS S1412 phosphorylation and was sufficient to enhance NO production in mdx cardiomyocytes. We conclude that the DGC promotes the mechanical activation of cardiac nNOS by acting as a mechanosensor to regulate AMPK activity, and that pharmacologic AMPK activation may be a suitable therapeutic strategy for restoring nNOS activity in dystrophin-deficient hearts and muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne F Garbincius
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Daniel E Michele
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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31
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Dystrophin-glycoprotein complex regulates muscle nitric oxide production through mechanoregulation of AMPK signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:13663-8. [PMID: 26483453 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1512991112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients deficient in dystrophin, a protein that links the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix via the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC), exhibit muscular dystrophy, cardiomyopathy, and impaired muscle nitric oxide (NO) production. We used live-cell NO imaging and in vitro cyclic stretch of isolated adult mouse cardiomyocytes as a model system to investigate if and how the DGC directly regulates the mechanical activation of muscle NO signaling. Acute activation of NO synthesis by mechanical stretch was impaired in dystrophin-deficient mdx cardiomyocytes, accompanied by loss of stretch-induced neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) S1412 phosphorylation. Intriguingly, stretch induced the acute activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in normal cardiomyocytes but not in mdx cardiomyocytes, and specific inhibition of AMPK was sufficient to attenuate mechanoactivation of NO production. Therefore, we tested whether direct pharmacologic activation of AMPK could bypass defective mechanical signaling to restore nNOS activity in dystrophin-deficient cardiomyocytes. Indeed, activation of AMPK with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside or salicylate increased nNOS S1412 phosphorylation and was sufficient to enhance NO production in mdx cardiomyocytes. We conclude that the DGC promotes the mechanical activation of cardiac nNOS by acting as a mechanosensor to regulate AMPK activity, and that pharmacologic AMPK activation may be a suitable therapeutic strategy for restoring nNOS activity in dystrophin-deficient hearts and muscle.
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32
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Comim CM, Mathia GB, Hoepers A, Tuon L, Kapczinski F, Dal-Pizzol F, Quevedo J, Rosa MI. Neurotrophins, cytokines, oxidative parameters and funcionality in Progressive Muscular Dystrophies. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2015; 87:1809-18. [PMID: 25910175 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201520140508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the levels of brain derived-neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cytokines and oxidative parameters in serum and tried to correlate them with the age and functionality of patients with Progressive Muscle Dystrophies (PMD). The patients were separated into six groups (case and controls pared by age and gender), as follows: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD); Steinert Myotonic Dystrophy (SMD); and Limb-girdle Muscular Dystrophy type-2A (LGMD2A). DMD patients (± 17.9 years old) had a decrease of functionality, an increase in the IL-1β and TNF-α levels and a decrease of IL-10 levels and superoxide dismutase activity in serum. SMD patients (± 25.8 years old) had a decrease of BDNF and IL-10 levels and superoxide dismutase activity and an increase of IL-1β levels in serum. LGMD2A patients (± 27.7 years old) had an decrease only in serum levels of IL-10. This research showed the first evidence of BDNF involvement in the SMD patients and a possible unbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, along with decreased superoxide dismutase activity in serum of DMD and SMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lisiane Tuon
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, BR
| | - Flávio Kapczinski
- Centro de Pesquisas, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, BR
| | | | - João Quevedo
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, BR
| | - Maria I Rosa
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, BR
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33
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Manning J, O'Malley D. What has the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy contributed to our understanding of this disease? J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2015; 36:155-67. [PMID: 25669899 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-015-9406-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal X-chromosome linked recessive disorder caused by the truncation or deletion of the dystrophin gene. The most widely used animal model of this disease is the dystrophin-deficient mdx mouse which was first discovered 30 years ago. Despite its extensive use in DMD research, no effective treatment has yet been developed for this devastating disease. This review explores what we have learned from this mouse model regarding the pathophysiology of DMD and asks if it has a future in providing a better more thorough understanding of this disease or if it will bring us any closer to improving the outlook for DMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Manning
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, 4.23 Western Gateway Building, Cork, Ireland
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Lorin C, Vögeli I, Niggli E. Dystrophic cardiomyopathy: role of TRPV2 channels in stretch-induced cell damage. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 106:153-62. [PMID: 25616416 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a degenerative pathology of skeletal muscle, also induces cardiac failure and arrhythmias due to a mutation leading to the lack of the protein dystrophin. In cardiac cells, the subsarcolemmal localization of dystrophin is thought to protect the membrane from mechanical stress. The absence of dystrophin results in an elevated stress-induced Ca2+ influx due to the inadequate functioning of several proteins, such as stretch-activated channels (SACs). Our aim was to investigate whether transient receptor potential vanilloid channels type 2 (TRPV2) form subunits of the dysregulated SACs in cardiac dystrophy. METHODS AND RESULTS We defined the role of TRPV2 channels in the abnormal Ca2+ influx of cardiomyocytes isolated from dystrophic mdx mice, an established animal model for DMD. In dystrophic cells, western blotting showed that TRPV2 was two-fold overexpressed. While normally localized intracellularly, in myocytes from mdx mice TRPV2 channels were translocated to the sarcolemma and were prominent along the T-tubules, as indicated by immunocytochemistry. Membrane localization was confirmed by biotinylation assays. Furthermore, in mdx myocytes pharmacological modulators suggested an abnormal activity of TRPV2, which has a unique pharmacological profile among TRP channels. Confocal imaging showed that these compounds protected the cells from stress-induced abnormal Ca2+ signals. The involvement of TRPV2 in these signals was confirmed by specific pore-blocking antibodies and by small-interfering RNA ablation of TRPV2. CONCLUSION Together, these results establish the involvement of TRPV2 in a stretch-activated calcium influx pathway in dystrophic cardiomyopathy, contributing to the defective cellular Ca2+ handling in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Lorin
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Buehlplatz 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Vögeli
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Buehlplatz 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ernst Niggli
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Buehlplatz 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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35
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Treuer AV, Gonzalez DR. Nitric oxide synthases, S-nitrosylation and cardiovascular health: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities (review). Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:1555-65. [PMID: 25405382 PMCID: PMC4270315 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding of nitric oxide (NO) signaling has grown substantially since the identification of endothelial derived relaxing factor (EDRF). NO has emerged as a ubiquitous signaling molecule involved in diverse physiological and pathological processes. Perhaps the most significant function, independent of EDRF, is that of NO signaling mediated locally in signaling modules rather than relying upon diffusion. In this context, NO modulates protein function via direct post-translational modification of cysteine residues. This review explores NO signaling and related reactive nitrogen species involved in the regulation of the cardiovascular system. A critical concept in the understanding of NO signaling is that of the nitroso-redox balance. Reactive nitrogen species bioactivity is fundamentally linked to the production of reactive oxygen species. This interaction occurs at the chemical, enzymatic and signaling effector levels. Furthermore, the nitroso-redox equilibrium is in a delicate balance, involving the cross-talk between NO and oxygen-derived species signaling systems, including NADPH oxidases and xanthine oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana V Treuer
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemistry of Natural Resources, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Daniel R Gonzalez
- Department of Biomedical Basic Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
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36
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Sun C, Yang C, Xue R, Li S, Zhang T, Pan L, Ma X, Wang L, Li D. Sulforaphane alleviates muscular dystrophy in mdx mice by activation of Nrf2. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 118:224-37. [PMID: 25593219 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00744.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), one of the most important isothiocyanates in the human diet, is known to have chemo-preventive and antioxidant activities in different tissues via activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated induction of antioxidant/phase II enzymes, such as heme oxygenase-1 and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1. However, its effects on muscular dystrophy remain unknown. This work was undertaken to evaluate the effects of SFN on Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Four-week-old mdx mice were treated with SFN by gavage (2 mg·kg body wt(-1)·day(-1) for 8 wk), and our results demonstrated that SFN treatment increased the expression and activity of muscle phase II enzymes NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 and heme oxygenase-1 with a Nrf2-dependent manner. SFN significantly increased skeletal muscle mass, muscle force (∼30%), running distance (∼20%), and GSH-to-GSSG ratio (∼3.2-fold) of mdx mice and decreased the activities of plasma creatine phosphokinase (∼45%) and lactate dehydrogenase (∼40%), gastrocnemius hypertrophy (∼25%), myocardial hypertrophy (∼20%), and malondialdehyde levels (∼60%). Furthermore, SFN treatment also reduced the central nucleation (∼40%), fiber size variability, and inflammation and improved the sarcolemmal integrity of mdx mice. Collectively, these results show that SFN can improve muscle function and pathology and protect dystrophic muscle from oxidative damage in mdx mice associated with Nrf2 signaling pathway, which indicate Nrf2 may have clinical implications for the treatment of patients with muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcao Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hube, China
| | - Cuili Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hube, China
| | - Ruilin Xue
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hube, China
| | - Shujun Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hube, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hube, China
| | - Lei Pan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hube, China
| | - Xuejiao Ma
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hube, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hube, China
| | - Dejia Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hube, China
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Vianello S, Bouyon S, Benoit E, Sebrié C, Boerio D, Herbin M, Roulot M, Fromes Y, de la Porte S. Arginine butyrate per os protects mdx mice against cardiomyopathy, kyphosis and changes in axonal excitability. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 71:325-33. [PMID: 25167832 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive neuromuscular disease caused by lack of dystrophin, a sub-sarcolemmal protein, which leads to dramatic muscle deterioration. We studied in mdx mice, the effects of oral administration of arginine butyrate (AB), a compound currently used for the treatment of sickle cell anemia in children, on cardiomyopathy, vertebral column deformation and electromyographic abnormalities. Monthly follow-up by echocardiography from the 8th month to the 14th month showed that AB treatment protected the mdx mice against drastic reduction (20-23%) of ejection fraction and fractional shortening, and also against the ≈20% ventricular dilatation and 25% cardiac hypertrophy observed in saline-treated mdx mice. The phenotypic improvement was corroborated by the decrease in serum CK level and by better fatigue resistance. Moreover, AB treatment protected against the progressive spinal deformity observed in mdx mice, another similarity with DMD patients. The value of the kyphosis index in AB-treated mice reached 94% of the value in C57BL/10 mice. Finally, axonal excitability parameters such as the membrane resting potential, the threshold and amplitude of the action potential, the absolute and relative refractory periods and the supernormal and subnormal periods, recorded from caudal and plantar muscles in response to excitability tests, that were modified in saline-treated mdx mice were not significantly changed, compared with wild-type animals, in AB-treated mdx mice. All of these results suggest that AB could be a potential treatment for DMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vianello
- CNRS, Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard, FRC2118, Neurobiologie & Développement, UPR 3294, Gif sur Yvette, F-91198, France.
| | - Sophie Bouyon
- UPMC, Université Paris 6, UMR 974, Institut de Myologie, F-75013 Paris, France.
| | - Evelyne Benoit
- CNRS, Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard, FRC2118, Neurobiologie & Développement, UPR 3294, Gif sur Yvette, F-91198, France.
| | | | - Delphine Boerio
- CNRS, Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard, FRC2118, Neurobiologie & Développement, UPR 3294, Gif sur Yvette, F-91198, France.
| | - Marc Herbin
- CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, UMR7179, Pavillon d'anatomie comparée, BP 55, 52 Rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Morgane Roulot
- CNRS, Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard, FRC2118, Neurobiologie & Développement, UPR 3294, Gif sur Yvette, F-91198, France.
| | - Yves Fromes
- UPMC, Université Paris 6, UMR 974, Institut de Myologie, F-75013 Paris, France; ONIRIS, Centre de Boisbonne, Nantes F-44307, France.
| | - Sabine de la Porte
- CNRS, Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard, FRC2118, Neurobiologie & Développement, UPR 3294, Gif sur Yvette, F-91198, France.
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38
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Proteomic profiling of the dystrophin-deficient mdx phenocopy of dystrophinopathy-associated cardiomyopathy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:246195. [PMID: 24772416 PMCID: PMC3977469 DOI: 10.1155/2014/246195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory complications are frequent symptoms of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a neuromuscular disorder caused by primary abnormalities in the dystrophin gene. Loss of cardiac dystrophin initially leads to changes in dystrophin-associated glycoproteins and subsequently triggers secondarily sarcolemmal disintegration, fibre necrosis, fibrosis, fatty tissue replacement, and interstitial inflammation. This results in progressive cardiac disease, which is the cause of death in a considerable number of patients afflicted with X-linked muscular dystrophy. In order to better define the molecular pathogenesis of this type of cardiomyopathy, several studies have applied mass spectrometry-based proteomics to determine proteome-wide alterations in dystrophinopathy-associated cardiomyopathy. Proteomic studies included both gel-based and label-free mass spectrometric surveys of dystrophin-deficient heart muscle from the established mdx animal model of dystrophinopathy. Comparative cardiac proteomics revealed novel changes in proteins associated with mitochondrial energy metabolism, glycolysis, signaling, iron binding, antibody response, fibre contraction, basal lamina stabilisation, and cytoskeletal organisation. This review summarizes the importance of studying cardiomyopathy within the field of muscular dystrophy research, outlines key features of the mdx heart and its suitability as a model system for studying cardiac pathogenesis, and discusses the impact of recent proteomic findings for exploring molecular and cellular aspects of cardiac abnormalities in inherited muscular dystrophies.
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39
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Simon JN, Duglan D, Casadei B, Carnicer R. Nitric oxide synthase regulation of cardiac excitation-contraction coupling in health and disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 73:80-91. [PMID: 24631761 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Significant advances in our understanding of the ability of nitric oxide synthases (NOS) to modulate cardiac function have provided key insights into the role NOS play in the regulation of excitation-contraction (EC) coupling in health and disease. Through both cGMP-dependent and cGMP-independent (e.g. S-nitrosylation) mechanisms, NOS have the ability to alter intracellular Ca(2+) handling and the myofilament response to Ca(2+), thereby impacting the systolic and diastolic performance of the myocardium. Findings from experiments using nitric oxide (NO) donors and NOS inhibition or gene deletion clearly implicate dysfunctional NOS as a critical contributor to many cardiovascular disease states. However, studies to date have only partially addressed NOS isoform-specific effects and, more importantly, how subcellular localization of NOS influences ion channels involved in myocardial EC coupling and excitability. In this review, we focus on the contribution of each NOS isoform to cardiac dysfunction and on the role of uncoupled NOS activity in common cardiac disease states, including heart failure, diabetic cardiomyopathy, ischemia/reperfusion injury and atrial fibrillation. We also review evidence that clearly indicates the importance of NO in cardioprotection. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Redox Signalling in the Cardiovascular System".
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian N Simon
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Drew Duglan
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Barbara Casadei
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ricardo Carnicer
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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40
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Hsiao LC, Perbellini F, Gomes RSM, Tan JJ, Vieira S, Faggian G, Clarke K, Carr CA. Murine cardiosphere-derived cells are impaired by age but not by cardiac dystrophic dysfunction. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:1027-36. [PMID: 24351030 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To be clinically relevant as a therapy for heart failure, endogenous progenitor cells must be isolated and expanded from aged and/or diseased tissue. Here, we investigated the effect of age and cardiac impairment resulting from lack of dystrophin on murine cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs). CDCs were isolated and expanded from atrial biopsies from wild-type mice aged 1.5, 6, 18, and 24 months and from mdx mice aged 6 and 18 months. Cardiac function was measured in mdx mice and age-matched wild-type mice using high-resolution cine magnetic resonance imaging. CDCs could be isolated and expanded from all mice, however, the number of cells obtained, and their regenerative potential, decreased with age, as demonstrated by decreased expression of stem cell markers, c-kit and Sca-1, and decreased cell proliferation, migration, clonogenicity, and differentiation. Six-month-old mdx mice showed right ventricular (RV) dilation and reduced RV ejection fraction (EF) in comparison to wild-type mice. Older mdx mice displayed significant RV and left ventricular dilation and decreased EF in both ventricles, compared with age-matched wild-type mice. Mdx mouse hearts contained significantly more fibrotic tissue than age-matched wild-type mouse hearts. However, CDCs isolated from mice aged 6 and 18 months had the same number and regenerative potential from mdx mice and age-matched wild-type mice. Thus, the cardiac progenitor cell population is impaired by age but is not substantially altered by the progressive deterioration in function of the dystrophic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien-Cheng Hsiao
- 1 Cardiac Metabolism Research Group, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom
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Masubuchi N, Shidoh Y, Kondo S, Takatoh J, Hanaoka K. Subcellular localization of dystrophin isoforms in cardiomyocytes and phenotypic analysis of dystrophin-deficient mice reveal cardiac myopathy is predominantly caused by a deficiency in full-length dystrophin. Exp Anim 2014; 62:211-7. [PMID: 23903056 PMCID: PMC4160940 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.62.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive progressive muscle
degenerative disorder that causes dilated cardiomyopathy in the second decade of life in
affected males. Dystrophin, the gene responsible for DMD, encodes
full-length dystrophin and various short dystrophin isoforms. In the mouse heart,
full-length dystrophin Dp427 and a short dystrophin isoform, Dp71, are expressed. In this
study, we intended to clarify the functions of these dystrophin isoforms in DMD-related
cardiomyopathy. We used two strains of mice: mdx mice, in which Dp427 was
absent but Dp71 was present, and DMD-null mice, in which both were
absent. By immunohistochemical staining and density-gradient centrifugation, we found that
Dp427 was located in the cardiac sarcolemma and also at the T-tubules, whereas Dp71 was
specifically located at the T-tubules. In order to determine whether T tubule-associated
Dp71 was involved in DMD-related cardiac disruption, we compared the cardiac phenotypes
between DMD-null mice and mdx mice. Both
DMD-null mice and mdx mice exhibited severe necrosis,
which was followed by fibrosis in cardiac muscle. However, we could not detect a
significant difference in myocardial fibrosis between mdx mice and
DMD-null mice. Based on the present results, we have shown that cardiac
myopathy is caused predominantly by a deficiency of full-length dystrophin Dp427.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nami Masubuchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Embryology, Department of Bioscience, Kitasato University School of Science, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
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Low dystrophin levels in heart can delay heart failure in mdx mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 69:17-23. [PMID: 24486194 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is caused by mutations that prevent synthesis of functional dystrophin. All patients develop dilated cardiomyopathy. Promising therapeutic approaches are underway that successfully restore dystrophin expression in skeletal muscle. However, their efficiency in the heart is limited. Improved quality and function of only skeletal muscle potentially accelerate the development of cardiomyopathy. Our study aimed to elucidate which dystrophin levels in the heart are required to prevent or delay cardiomyopathy in mice. Heart function and pathology assessed with magnetic resonance imaging and histopathological analysis were compared between 2, 6 and 10-month-old female mdx-Xist(Δhs) mice, expressing low dystrophin levels (3-15%) in a mosaic manner based on skewed X-inactivation, dystrophin-negative mdx mice, and wild type mice of corresponding genetic backgrounds and gender. With age mdx mice developed dilated cardiomyopathy and hypertrophy, whereas the onset of heart pathology was delayed and function improved in mdx-Xist(Δhs) mice. The ejection fraction, the most severely affected parameter for both ventricles, correlated to dystrophin expression and the percentage of fibrosis. Fibrosis was partly reduced from 9.8% in mdx to 5.4% in 10 month old mdx-Xist(Δhs) mice. These data suggest that mosaic expression of 4-15% dystrophin in the heart is sufficient to delay the onset and ameliorate cardiomyopathy in mice.
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De Oliveira Moreira D, Pereira JA, Taniguti APT, Matsumura CY, Ramos LAF, Areas MA, Neto HS, Marques MJ. Suramin attenuates dystrophin-deficient cardiomyopathy in themdxmouse model of duchenne muscular dystrophy. Muscle Nerve 2013; 48:911-9. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.23858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Drielen De Oliveira Moreira
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional; Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - Juliano Alves Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional; Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Tiemi Taniguti
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional; Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - Cíntia Yuri Matsumura
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional; Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - Luis Alberto Ferreira Ramos
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional; Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - Miguel Arcanjo Areas
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional; Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - Humberto Santo Neto
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional; Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - Maria Julia Marques
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional; Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas SP 13083-970 Brazil
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Holland A, Dowling P, Zweyer M, Swandulla D, Henry M, Clynes M, Ohlendieck K. Proteomic profiling of cardiomyopathic tissue from the aged mdx model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy reveals a drastic decrease in laminin, nidogen and annexin. Proteomics 2013; 13:2312-23. [PMID: 23713012 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The majority of patients afflicted with Duchenne muscular dystrophy develop cardiomyopathic complications, warranting large-scale proteomic studies of global cardiac changes for the identification of new protein markers of dystrophinopathy. The aged heart from the X-linked dystrophic mdx mouse has been shown to exhibit distinct pathological aspects of cardiomyopathy. In order to establish age-related alterations in the proteome of dystrophin-deficient hearts, cardiomyopathic tissue from young versus aged mdx mice was examined by label-free LC-MS/MS. Significant age-dependent alterations were established for 67 proteins, of which 28 proteins were shown to exhibit a lower abundance and 39 proteins were found to be increased in their expression levels. Drastic changes were demonstrated for 17 proteins, including increases in Ig chains and transferrin, and drastic decreases in laminin, nidogen and annexin. An immunblotting survey of young and old wild-type versus mdx hearts confirmed these proteomic findings and illustrated the effects of natural aging versus dystrophin deficiency. These proteome-wide alterations suggest a disintegration of the basal lamina structure and cytoskeletal network in dystrophin-deficient cardiac fibres, increased levels of antibodies in a potential autoimmune reaction of the degenerating heart, compensatory binding of excess iron and a general perturbation of metabolic pathways in dystrophy-associated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashling Holland
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
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Sciorati C, Staszewsky L, Zambelli V, Russo I, Salio M, Novelli D, Di Grigoli G, Moresco RM, Clementi E, Latini R. Ibuprofen plus isosorbide dinitrate treatment in the mdx mice ameliorates dystrophic heart structure. Pharmacol Res 2013; 73:35-43. [PMID: 23644256 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Co-administration of ibuprofen (IBU) and isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) provides synergistic beneficial effects on dystrophic skeletal muscle. Whether this treatment has also cardioprotective effects in this disease was still unknown. AIMS To evaluate the effects of co-administration of IBU and ISDN (a) on left ventricular (LV) structure and function, and (b) on cardiac inflammatory response and fibrosis in mdx mice. METHODS Three groups of mice were studied: mdx mice treated with IBU (50 mg kg⁻¹)+ISDN (30 mg kg⁻¹) administered daily in the diet, mdx mice that received standard diet without drugs and wild type aged-matched mice. Animals were analysed after 10-11 months of treatment. Structural and functional parameters were evaluated by echocardiography while histological analyses were performed to evaluate inflammatory response, collagen deposition, cardiomyocyte number and area. RESULTS Treatment for 10-11 months with IBU+ISDN preserved LV wall thickness and LV mass. Drug treatment also preserved the total number of cardiomyocytes in the LV and attenuated the increase in cardiomyocyte size, when compared to untreated mdx mice. Moreover, a trend towards a decreased number of inflammatory cells, a reduced LV myocardial interstitial fibrosis and an enhanced global LV function response to stress was observed in treated mdx mice. CONCLUSIONS Treatment for 10-11 months with IBU+ISDN is effective in preventing the alterations in LV morphology of mdx mice while not reaching statistical significance on LV function and cardiac inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Sciorati
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, Milan, Italy.
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Mosqueira M, Zeiger U, Förderer M, Brinkmeier H, Fink RHA. Cardiac and respiratory dysfunction in Duchenne muscular dystrophy and the role of second messengers. Med Res Rev 2013; 33:1174-213. [PMID: 23633235 DOI: 10.1002/med.21279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) affects young boys and is characterized by the absence of dystrophin, a large cytoskeletal protein present in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells and neurons. The heart and diaphragm become necrotic in DMD patients and animal models of DMD, resulting in cardiorespiratory failure as the leading cause of death. The major consequences of the absence of dystrophin are high levels of intracellular Ca(2+) and the unbalanced production of NO that can finally trigger protein degradation and cell death. Cytoplasmic increase in Ca(2+) concentration directly and indirectly triggers different processes such as necrosis, fibrosis, and activation of macrophages. The absence of the neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and the overproduction of NO by the inducible isoform (iNOS) further increase the intracellular Ca(2+) via a hypernitrosylation of the ryanodine receptor. NO overproduction, which further induces the expression of iNOS but decreases the expression of the endothelial isoform (eNOS), deregulates the muscle tissue blood flow creating an ischemic situation. The high levels of Ca(2+) in dystrophic muscles and the ischemic state of the muscle tissue would culminate in a positive feedback loop. While efforts continue toward optimizing cardiac and respiratory care of DMD patients, both Ca(2+) and NO in cardiac and respiratory muscle pathways have been shown to be important to the etiology of the disease. Understanding the mechanisms behind the fine regulation of Ca(2+) -NO may be important for a noninterventional and noninvasive supportive approach to treat DMD patients, improving the quality of life and natural history of DMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Mosqueira
- Medical Biophysics Unit, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, INF326, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Vianello S, Yu H, Voisin V, Haddad H, He X, Foutz AS, Sebrié C, Gillet B, Roulot M, Fougerousse F, Perronnet C, Vaillend C, Matecki S, Escolar D, Bossi L, Israël M, de la Porte S. Arginine butyrate: a therapeutic candidate for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. FASEB J 2013; 27:2256-69. [PMID: 23430975 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-215723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
As a strategy to treat Duchenne muscular dystrophy, we used arginine butyrate, which combines two pharmacological activities: nitric oxide pathway activation, and histone deacetylase inhibition. Continuous intraperitoneal administration to dystrophin-deficient mdx mice resulted in a near 2-fold increase in utrophin (protein homologous to dystrophin) in skeletal muscle, heart, and brain, accompanied by an improvement of the dystrophic phenotype in both adult and newborn mice (45 and 70% decrease in creatine kinase level, respectively; 14% increase in tidal volume, 30% decrease in necrotic area in limb and 23% increase in isometric force). Intermittent administration, as performed in clinical trials, was then used to reduce the frequency of injections and to improve safety. This also enhanced utrophin level around 2-fold (EC50=284 mg/ml) and alleviated the dystrophic phenotype (inverted grid and grip test performance near to wild-type values, creatine kinase level decreased by 50%). Skin biopsies were used to monitor treatment efficacy, instead of invasive muscle biopsies, and this could be done a few days after the start of treatment. A 2-fold increase in utrophin expression was also shown in cultured human myotubes. In vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that the drug combination acts synergistically. Together, these data constitute a proof of principle of the beneficial effects of arginine butyrate on muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vianello
- Neurobiologie & Développement-Unité Propres de Recherche 3294, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard-FRC2118, Gif sur Yvette, France
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Nitric oxide signalling pathway in Duchenne muscular dystrophy mice: up-regulation of L-arginine transporters. Biochem J 2013; 449:133-42. [PMID: 23009292 DOI: 10.1042/bj20120787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
DMD (Duchenne muscular dystrophy) is an incurable rapidly worsening neuromuscular degenerative disease caused by the absence of dystrophin. In skeletal muscle a lack of dystrophin disrupts the recruitment of neuronal NOS (nitric oxide synthase) to the sarcolemma thus affecting NO (nitric oxide) production. Utrophin is a dystrophin homologue, the expression of which is greatly up-regulated in the sarcolemma of dystrophin-negative fibres from mdx mice, a mouse model of DMD. Although cardiomyopathy is an important cause of death, little is known about the NO signalling pathway in the cardiac muscle of DMD patients. Thus we used cardiomyocytes and hearts from two month-old mdx and mdx:utrophin-/- (double knockout) mice (mdx:utr) to study key steps in NO signalling: L-arginine transporters, NOS and sGC (soluble guanylyl cyclase). nNOS did not co-localize with dystrophin or utrophin to the cardiomyocyte membrane. Despite this nNOS activity was markedly decreased in both mdx and mdx:utr mice, whereas nNOS expression was only decreased in mdx:utr mouse hearts, suggesting that utrophin up-regulation in cardiomyocytes maintains nNOS levels, but not function. sGC protein levels and activity remained at control levels. Unexpectedly, L-arginine transporter expression and function were significantly increased, suggesting a novel biochemical compensatory mechanism of the NO pathway and a potential entry site for therapeutics.
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Maron BA, Tang SS, Loscalzo J. S-nitrosothiols and the S-nitrosoproteome of the cardiovascular system. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:270-87. [PMID: 22770551 PMCID: PMC3518544 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Since their discovery in the early 1990's, S-nitrosylated proteins have been increasingly recognized as important determinants of many biochemical processes. Specifically, S-nitrosothiols in the cardiovascular system exert many actions, including promoting vasodilation, inhibiting platelet aggregation, and regulating Ca(2+) channel function that influences myocyte contractility and electrophysiologic stability. RECENT ADVANCES Contemporary developments in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods, the development of biotin- and His-tag switch assays, and the availability of cyanide dye-labeling for S-nitrosothiol detection in vitro have increased significantly the identification of a number of cardiovascular protein targets of S-nitrosylation in vivo. CRITICAL ISSUES Recent analyses using modern S-nitrosothiol detection techniques have revealed the mechanistic significance of S-nitrosylation to the pathophysiology of numerous cardiovascular diseases, including essential hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and congestive heart failure, among others. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Despite enhanced insight into S-nitrosothiol biochemistry, translating these advances into beneficial pharmacotherapies for patients with cardiovascular diseases remains a primary as-yet unmet goal for investigators within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley A Maron
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Kyrychenko S, Poláková E, Kang C, Pocsai K, Ullrich ND, Niggli E, Shirokova N. Hierarchical accumulation of RyR post-translational modifications drives disease progression in dystrophic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 97:666-75. [PMID: 23263329 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a muscle disease with serious cardiac complications. Changes in Ca(2+) homeostasis and oxidative stress were recently associated with cardiac deterioration, but the cellular pathophysiological mechanisms remain elusive. We investigated whether the activity of ryanodine receptor (RyR) Ca(2+) release channels is affected, whether changes in function are cause or consequence and which post-translational modifications drive disease progression. METHODS AND RESULTS Electrophysiological, imaging, and biochemical techniques were used to study RyRs in cardiomyocytes from mdx mice, an animal model of DMD. Young mdx mice show no changes in cardiac performance, but do so after ∼8 months. Nevertheless, myocytes from mdx pups exhibited exaggerated Ca(2+) responses to mechanical stress and 'hypersensitive' excitation-contraction coupling, hallmarks of increased RyR Ca(2+) sensitivity. Both were normalized by antioxidants, inhibitors of NAD(P)H oxidase and CaMKII, but not by NO synthases and PKA antagonists. Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) load and leak were unchanged in young mdx mice. However, by the age of 4-5 months and in senescence, leak was increased and load was reduced, indicating disease progression. By this age, all pharmacological interventions listed above normalized Ca(2+) signals and corrected changes in ECC, Ca(2+) load, and leak. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that increased RyR Ca(2+) sensitivity precedes and presumably drives the progression of dystrophic cardiomyopathy, with oxidative stress initiating its development. RyR oxidation followed by phosphorylation, first by CaMKII and later by PKA, synergistically contributes to cardiac deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergii Kyrychenko
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School, 185 S. Orange Ave., Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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