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Chung YJ, Hoare Z, Baark F, Yu CS, Guo J, Fuller W, Southworth R, Katschinski DM, Murphy MP, Eykyn TR, Shattock MJ. Elevated Na is a dynamic and reversible modulator of mitochondrial metabolism in the heart. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4277. [PMID: 38769288 PMCID: PMC11106256 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48474-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Elevated intracellular sodium Nai adversely affects mitochondrial metabolism and is a common feature of heart failure. The reversibility of acute Na induced metabolic changes is evaluated in Langendorff perfused rat hearts using the Na/K ATPase inhibitor ouabain and the myosin-uncoupler para-aminoblebbistatin to maintain constant energetic demand. Elevated Nai decreases Gibb's free energy of ATP hydrolysis, increases the TCA cycle intermediates succinate and fumarate, decreases ETC activity at Complexes I, II and III, and causes a redox shift of CoQ to CoQH2, which are all reversed on lowering Nai to baseline levels. Pseudo hypoxia and stabilization of HIF-1α is observed despite normal tissue oxygenation. Inhibition of mitochondrial Na/Ca-exchange with CGP-37517 or treatment with the mitochondrial ROS scavenger MitoQ prevents the metabolic alterations during Nai elevation. Elevated Nai plays a reversible role in the metabolic and functional changes and is a novel therapeutic target to correct metabolic dysfunction in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin Chung
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College, London, UK
| | - Zoe Hoare
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College, London, UK
| | - Friedrich Baark
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Chak Shun Yu
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jia Guo
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Centre, Göttingen, Germany
| | - William Fuller
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Richard Southworth
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Doerthe M Katschinski
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Centre, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas R Eykyn
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Michael J Shattock
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College, London, UK.
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2
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Potel KN, Cornelius VA, Yacoub A, Chokr A, Donaghy CL, Kelaini S, Eleftheriadou M, Margariti A. Effects of non-coding RNAs and RNA-binding proteins on mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1165302. [PMID: 37719978 PMCID: PMC10502732 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1165302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular complications are the main cause of diabetes mellitus-associated morbidity and mortality. Oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunction underly injury to the vascular endothelium and myocardium, resulting in diabetic angiopathy and cardiomyopathy. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown to play an important role in cardiomyopathic disruptions of key cellular functions, including energy metabolism and oxidative balance. Both non-coding RNAs and RNA-binding proteins are implicated in diabetic cardiomyopathy, however, their impact on mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of this disease is largely unknown. Elucidating the effects of non-coding RNAs and RNA-binding proteins on mitochondrial pathways in diabetic cardiomyopathy would allow further insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying diabetic vascular complications and could facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies. Stem cell-based models can facilitate the study of non-coding RNAs and RNA-binding proteins and their unique characteristics make them a promising tool to improve our understanding of mitochondrial dysfunction and vascular complications in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray N. Potel
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria A. Cornelius
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Yacoub
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Chokr
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Clare L. Donaghy
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia Kelaini
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Magdalini Eleftheriadou
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Andriana Margariti
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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3
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Liu P, Yang Z, Wang Y, Sun A. Role of STIM1 in the Regulation of Cardiac Energy Substrate Preference. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13188. [PMID: 37685995 PMCID: PMC10487555 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart requires a variety of energy substrates to maintain proper contractile function. Glucose and long-chain fatty acids (FA) are the major cardiac metabolic substrates under physiological conditions. Upon stress, a shift of cardiac substrate preference toward either glucose or FA is associated with cardiac diseases. For example, in pressure-overloaded hypertrophic hearts, there is a long-lasting substrate shift toward glucose, while in hearts with diabetic cardiomyopathy, the fuel is switched toward FA. Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), a well-established calcium (Ca2+) sensor of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ store, is increasingly recognized as a critical player in mediating both cardiac hypertrophy and diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, the cause-effect relationship between STIM1 and glucose/FA metabolism and the possible mechanisms by which STIM1 is involved in these cardiac metabolic diseases are poorly understood. In this review, we first discussed STIM1-dependent signaling in cardiomyocytes and metabolic changes in cardiac hypertrophy and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Second, we provided examples of the involvement of STIM1 in energy metabolism to discuss the emerging role of STIM1 in the regulation of energy substrate preference in metabolic cardiac diseases and speculated the corresponding underlying molecular mechanisms of the crosstalk between STIM1 and cardiac energy substrate preference. Finally, we briefly discussed and presented future perspectives on the possibility of targeting STIM1 to rescue cardiac metabolic diseases. Taken together, STIM1 emerges as a key player in regulating cardiac energy substrate preference, and revealing the underlying molecular mechanisms by which STIM1 mediates cardiac energy metabolism could be helpful to find novel targets to prevent or treat cardiac metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhuli Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Youjun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Aomin Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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4
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Keidar N, Peretz NK, Yaniv Y. Ca 2+ pushes and pulls energetics to maintain ATP balance in atrial cells: computational insights. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1231259. [PMID: 37528893 PMCID: PMC10387757 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1231259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To maintain atrial function, ATP supply-to-demand matching must be tightly controlled. Ca2+ can modulate both energy consumption and production. In light of evidence suggesting that Ca2+ affects energetics through "push" (activating metabolite flux and enzymes in the Krebs cycle to push the redox flux) and "pull" (acting directly on ATP synthase and driving the redox flux through the electron transport chain and increasing ATP production) pathways, we investigated whether both pathways are necessary to maintain atrial ATP supply-to-demand matching. Rabbit right atrial cells were electrically stimulated at different rates, and oxygen consumption and flavoprotein fluorescence were measured. To gain mechanistic insight into the regulators of ATP supply-to-demand matching in atrial cells, models of atrial electrophysiology, Ca2+ cycling and force were integrated with a model of mitochondrial Ca2+ and a modified model of mitochondrial energy metabolism. The experimental results showed that oxygen consumption increased in response to increases in the electrical stimulation rate. The model reproduced these findings and predicted that the increase in oxygen consumption is associated with metabolic homeostasis. The model predicted that Ca2+ must act both in "push" and "pull" pathways to increase oxygen consumption. In contrast to ventricular trabeculae, no rapid time-dependent changes in mitochondrial flavoprotein fluorescence were measured upon an abrupt change in workload. The model reproduced these findings and predicted that the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis is due to the effects of Ca2+ on ATP production. Taken together, this work provides evidence of Ca2+ "push" and "pull" activity to maintain metabolic homeostasis in atrial cells.
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5
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Nichtová Z, Fernandez-Sanz C, De La Fuente S, Yuan Y, Hurst S, Lanvermann S, Tsai HY, Weaver D, Baggett A, Thompson C, Bouchet-Marquis C, Várnai P, Seifert EL, Dorn GW, Sheu SS, Csordás G. Enhanced Mitochondria-SR Tethering Triggers Adaptive Cardiac Muscle Remodeling. Circ Res 2023; 132:e171-e187. [PMID: 37057625 PMCID: PMC10213149 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac contractile function requires high energy from mitochondria, and Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Via local Ca2+ transfer at close mitochondria-SR contacts, cardiac excitation feedforward regulates mitochondrial ATP production to match surges in demand (excitation-bioenergetics coupling). However, pathological stresses may cause mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, excessive reactive oxygen species production and permeability transition, risking homeostatic collapse and myocyte loss. Excitation-bioenergetics coupling involves mitochondria-SR tethers but the role of tethering in cardiac physiology/pathology is debated. Endogenous tether proteins are multifunctional; therefore, nonselective targets to scrutinize interorganelle linkage. Here, we assessed the physiological/pathological relevance of selective chronic enhancement of cardiac mitochondria-SR tethering. METHODS We introduced to mice a cardiac muscle-specific engineered tether (linker) transgene with a fluorescent protein core and deployed 2D/3D electron microscopy, biochemical approaches, fluorescence imaging, in vivo and ex vivo cardiac performance monitoring and stress challenges to characterize the linker phenotype. RESULTS Expressed in the mature cardiomyocytes, the linker expanded and tightened individual mitochondria-junctional SR contacts; but also evoked a marked remodeling with large dense mitochondrial clusters that excluded dyads. Yet, excitation-bioenergetics coupling remained well-preserved, likely due to more longitudinal mitochondria-dyad contacts and nanotunnelling between mitochondria exposed to junctional SR and those sealed away from junctional SR. Remarkably, the linker decreased female vulnerability to acute massive β-adrenergic stress. It also reduced myocyte death and mitochondrial calcium-overload-associated myocardial impairment in ex vivo ischemia/reperfusion injury. CONCLUSIONS We propose that mitochondria-SR/endoplasmic reticulum contacts operate at a structural optimum. Although acute changes in tethering may cause dysfunction, upon chronic enhancement of contacts from early life, adaptive remodeling of the organelles shifts the system to a new, stable structural optimum. This remodeling balances the individually enhanced mitochondrion-junctional SR crosstalk and excitation-bioenergetics coupling, by increasing the connected mitochondrial pool and, presumably, Ca2+/reactive oxygen species capacity, which then improves the resilience to stresses associated with dysregulated hyperactive Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Nichtová
- MitoCare, Pathology and Genomic Medicine, TJUH, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Celia Fernandez-Sanz
- Center of Translational Medicine, TJUH, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Sergio De La Fuente
- Center of Translational Medicine, TJUH, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Yuexing Yuan
- Center of Translational Medicine, TJUH, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephen Hurst
- MitoCare, Pathology and Genomic Medicine, TJUH, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Hui-Ying Tsai
- Center of Translational Medicine, TJUH, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Weaver
- MitoCare, Pathology and Genomic Medicine, TJUH, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ariele Baggett
- MitoCare, Pathology and Genomic Medicine, TJUH, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Péter Várnai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis Univ., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erin L Seifert
- MitoCare, Pathology and Genomic Medicine, TJUH, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gerald W Dorn
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, John T. Milliken Dep. Med., WUSM, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shey-Shing Sheu
- Center of Translational Medicine, TJUH, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - György Csordás
- MitoCare, Pathology and Genomic Medicine, TJUH, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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6
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Barakati N, Bustos RZ, Coletta DK, Langlais PR, Kohler LN, Luo M, Funk JL, Willis WT, Mandarino LJ. Fuel Selection in Skeletal Muscle Exercising at Low Intensity; Reliance on Carbohydrate in Very Sedentary Individuals. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2023; 21:16-24. [PMID: 36318809 PMCID: PMC9969886 DOI: 10.1089/met.2022.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Resting skeletal muscle in insulin resistance prefers to oxidize carbohydrate rather than lipid, exhibiting metabolic inflexibility. Although this is established in resting muscle, complexities involved in directly measuring fuel oxidation using indirect calorimetry across a muscle bed have limited studies of this phenomenon in working skeletal muscle. During mild exercise and at rest, whole-body indirect calorimetry imperfectly estimates muscle fuel oxidation. We provide evidence that a method termed "ΔRER" can reasonably estimate fuel oxidation in skeletal muscle activated by exercise. Methods: Completely sedentary volunteers (n = 20, age 31 ± 2 years, V̇O2peak 24.4 ± 1.5 mL O2 per min/kg) underwent glucose clamps to determine insulin sensitivity and graded exercise consisting of three periods of mild steady-state cycle ergometry (15, 30, 45 watts, or 10%, 20%, and 30% of maximum power) with measurements of whole-body gas exchange. ΔRER, the RER in working muscle, was calculated as (V̇CO2exercise -V̇CO2rest)/(V̇O2exercise - V̇O2rest), from which the fraction of fuel accounted for by lipid was estimated. Results: Lactate levels were low and stable during steady-state exercise. Muscle biopsies were used to estimate mitochondrial content. The rise of V̇O2 at onset of exercise followed a monoexponential function, with a time constant of 51 ± 7 sec, typical of skeletal muscle; the average O2 cost of work was about 12 mL O2/watt/min, representing a mechanical efficiency of about 24%. At work rates of 30 or 45 watts, active muscle relied predominantly on carbohydrate, independent of insulin sensitivity within this group of very sedentary volunteers. Conclusions: The fraction of muscle fuel oxidation from fat was predicted by power output (P < 0.001) and citrate synthase activity (P < 0.05), indicating that low mitochondrial content may be the main driver of fuel choice in sedentary people, independent of insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neusha Barakati
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Rocio Zapata Bustos
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Dawn K. Coletta
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Paul R. Langlais
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Lindsay N. Kohler
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Epidemiology and Biostatistics and The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Moulun Luo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Janet L. Funk
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Wayne T. Willis
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Lawrence J. Mandarino
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Arizona, Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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7
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A maladaptive feedback mechanism between the extracellular matrix and cytoskeleton contributes to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy pathophysiology. Commun Biol 2023; 6:4. [PMID: 36596888 PMCID: PMC9810744 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04278-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is an inherited disorder due to mutations in contractile proteins that results in a stiff, hypercontractile myocardium. To understand the role of cardiac stiffness in disease progression, here we create an in vitro model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy utilizing hydrogel technology. Culturing wild-type cardiac myocytes on hydrogels with a Young's Moduli (stiffness) mimicking hypertrophic cardiomyopathy myocardium is sufficient to induce a hypermetabolic mitochondrial state versus myocytes plated on hydrogels simulating healthy myocardium. Significantly, these data mirror that of myocytes isolated from a murine model of human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (cTnI-G203S). Conversely, cTnI-G203S myocyte mitochondrial function is completely restored when plated on hydrogels mimicking healthy myocardium. We identify a mechanosensing feedback mechanism between the extracellular matrix and cytoskeletal network that regulates mitochondrial function under healthy conditions, but participates in the progression of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy pathophysiology resulting from sarcomeric gene mutations. Importantly, we pinpoint key 'linker' sites in this schema that may represent potential therapeutic targets.
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8
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Hool LC. Elucidating the role of the L-type calcium channel in excitability and energetics in the heart: The ISHR 2020 Research Achievement Award Lecture. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 172:100-108. [PMID: 36041287 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease continues to be the leading health burden worldwide and with the rising rates in obesity and type II diabetes and ongoing effects of long COVID, it is anticipated that the burden of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality will increase. Calcium is essential to cardiac excitation and contraction. The main route for Ca2+ influx is the L-type Ca2+ channel (Cav1.2) and embryos that are homozygous null for the Cav1.2 gene are lethal at day 14 postcoitum. Acute changes in Ca2+ influx through the channel contribute to arrhythmia and sudden death, and chronic increases in intracellular Ca2+ contribute to pathological hypertrophy and heart failure. We use a multidisciplinary approach to study the regulation of the channel from the molecular level through to in vivo CRISPR mutant animal models. Here we describe some examples of our work from over 2 decades studying the role of the channel under physiological and pathological conditions. Our single channel analysis of purified human Cav1.2 protein in proteoliposomes has contributed to understanding direct molecular regulation of the channel including identifying the critical serine involved in the "fight or flight" response. Using the same approach we identified the cysteine responsible for altered function during oxidative stress. Chronic activation of the L-type Ca2+ channel during oxidative stress occurs as a result of persistent glutathionylation of the channel that contributes to the development of hypertrophy. We describe for the first time that activation of the channel alters mitochondrial function (and energetics) on a beat-to-beat basis via movement of cytoskeletal proteins. In translational studies we have used this response to "report" mitochondrial function in models of cardiomyopathy and to test efficacy of novel therapies to prevent cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia C Hool
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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9
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Lopina OD, Fedorov DA, Sidorenko SV, Bukach OV, Klimanova EA. Sodium Ions as Regulators of Transcription in Mammalian Cells. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:789-799. [PMID: 36171659 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922080107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of an uneven distribution of Na+ and K+ ions between the cytoplasm and extracellular medium is the basis for the functioning of any animal cell. Changes in the intracellular ratio of these cations occur in response to numerous stimuli and are important for the cell activity regulation. Numerous experimental data have shown that gene transcription in mammalian cells can be regulated by changes in the intracellular [Na+]i/[K+]i ratio. Here, we discuss possible mechanisms of such regulation in various cell types, with special attention to the [Ca2+]-independent signaling pathways that suggest the presence of an intracellular sensor of monovalent cations. As such sensor, we propose the secondary structures of nucleic acids called G-quadruplexes. They are widely represented in mammalian genomes and are often found in the promoters of genes encoding transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga D Lopina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
| | - Dmitrii A Fedorov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | | | - Olesya V Bukach
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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10
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Hawrysh PJ, Myrka AM, Buck LT. Review: A history and perspective of mitochondria in the context of anoxia tolerance. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 260:110733. [PMID: 35288242 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Symbiosis is found throughout nature, but perhaps nowhere is it more fundamental than mitochondria in all eukaryotes. Since mitochondria were discovered and mechanisms of oxygen reduction characterized, an understanding gradually emerged that these organelles were involved not just in the combustion of oxygen, but also in the sensing of oxygen. While multiple hypotheses exist to explain the mitochondrial involvement in oxygen sensing, key elements are developing that include potassium channels and reactive oxygen species. To understand how mitochondria contribute to oxygen sensing, it is informative to study a model system which is naturally adapted to survive extended periods without oxygen. Amongst air-breathing vertebrates, the most highly adapted are western painted turtles (Chrysemys picta bellii), which overwinter in ice-covered and anoxic water bodies. Through research of this animal, it was postulated that metabolic rate depression is key to anoxic survival and that mitochondrial regulation is a key aspect. When faced with anoxia, excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in turtle brain are inhibited through mitochondrial calcium release, termed "channel arrest". Simultaneously, inhibitory GABAergic signalling contributes to the "synaptic arrest" of excitatory action potential firing through a pathway dependent on mitochondrial depression of ROS generation. While many pathways are implicated in mitochondrial oxygen sensing in turtles, such as those of adenosine, ATP turnover, and gaseous transmitters, an apparent point of intersection is the mitochondria. In this review we will explore how an organelle that was critical for organismal complexity in an oxygenated world has also become a potentially important oxygen sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter John Hawrysh
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Alexander Morley Myrka
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Leslie Thomas Buck
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada.
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11
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Mitochondrial Ca 2+ Homeostasis: Emerging Roles and Clinical Significance in Cardiac Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063025. [PMID: 35328444 PMCID: PMC8954803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the sites of oxidative metabolism in eukaryotes where the metabolites of sugars, fats, and amino acids are oxidized to harvest energy. Notably, mitochondria store Ca2+ and work in synergy with organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum and extracellular matrix to control the dynamic balance of Ca2+ concentration in cells. Mitochondria are the vital organelles in heart tissue. Mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis is particularly important for maintaining the physiological and pathological mechanisms of the heart. Mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis plays a key role in the regulation of cardiac energy metabolism, mechanisms of death, oxygen free radical production, and autophagy. The imbalance of mitochondrial Ca2+ balance is closely associated with cardiac remodeling. The mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (mtCU) protein complex is responsible for the uptake and release of mitochondrial Ca2+ and regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis in mitochondria and consequently, in cells. This review summarizes the mechanisms of mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis in physiological and pathological cardiac remodeling and the regulatory effects of the mitochondrial calcium regulatory complex on cardiac energy metabolism, cell death, and autophagy, and also provides the theoretical basis for mitochondrial Ca2+ as a novel target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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12
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Piquereau J, Boitard SE, Ventura-Clapier R, Mericskay M. Metabolic Therapy of Heart Failure: Is There a Future for B Vitamins? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:30. [PMID: 35008448 PMCID: PMC8744601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a plague of the aging population in industrialized countries that continues to cause many deaths despite intensive research into more effective treatments. Although the therapeutic arsenal to face heart failure has been expanding, the relatively short life expectancy of HF patients is pushing towards novel therapeutic strategies. Heart failure is associated with drastic metabolic disorders, including severe myocardial mitochondrial dysfunction and systemic nutrient deprivation secondary to severe cardiac dysfunction. To date, no effective therapy has been developed to restore the cardiac energy metabolism of the failing myocardium, mainly due to the metabolic complexity and intertwining of the involved processes. Recent years have witnessed a growing scientific interest in natural molecules that play a pivotal role in energy metabolism with promising therapeutic effects against heart failure. Among these molecules, B vitamins are a class of water soluble vitamins that are directly involved in energy metabolism and are of particular interest since they are intimately linked to energy metabolism and HF patients are often B vitamin deficient. This review aims at assessing the value of B vitamin supplementation in the treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Piquereau
- UMR-S 1180, Inserm Unit of Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Chatenay-Malabry, France; (S.E.B.); (R.V.-C.)
| | | | | | - Mathias Mericskay
- UMR-S 1180, Inserm Unit of Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Chatenay-Malabry, France; (S.E.B.); (R.V.-C.)
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Bertero E, Nickel A, Kohlhaas M, Hohl M, Sequeira V, Brune C, Schwemmlein J, Abeßer M, Schuh K, Kutschka I, Carlein C, Münker K, Atighetchi S, Müller A, Kazakov A, Kappl R, von der Malsburg K, van der Laan M, Schiuma AF, Böhm M, Laufs U, Hoth M, Rehling P, Kuhn M, Dudek J, von der Malsburg A, Prates Roma L, Maack C. Loss of Mitochondrial Ca 2+ Uniporter Limits Inotropic Reserve and Provides Trigger and Substrate for Arrhythmias in Barth Syndrome Cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2021; 144:1694-1713. [PMID: 34648376 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.053755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barth syndrome (BTHS) is caused by mutations of the gene encoding tafazzin, which catalyzes maturation of mitochondrial cardiolipin and often manifests with systolic dysfunction during early infancy. Beyond the first months of life, BTHS cardiomyopathy typically transitions to a phenotype of diastolic dysfunction with preserved ejection fraction, blunted contractile reserve during exercise, and arrhythmic vulnerability. Previous studies traced BTHS cardiomyopathy to mitochondrial formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Because mitochondrial function and ROS formation are regulated by excitation-contraction coupling, integrated analysis of mechano-energetic coupling is required to delineate the pathomechanisms of BTHS cardiomyopathy. METHODS We analyzed cardiac function and structure in a mouse model with global knockdown of tafazzin (Taz-KD) compared with wild-type littermates. Respiratory chain assembly and function, ROS emission, and Ca2+ uptake were determined in isolated mitochondria. Excitation-contraction coupling was integrated with mitochondrial redox state, ROS, and Ca2+ uptake in isolated, unloaded or preloaded cardiac myocytes, and cardiac hemodynamics analyzed in vivo. RESULTS Taz-KD mice develop heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (>50%) and age-dependent progression of diastolic dysfunction in the absence of fibrosis. Increased myofilament Ca2+ affinity and slowed cross-bridge cycling caused diastolic dysfunction, in part, compensated by accelerated diastolic Ca2+ decay through preactivated sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase. Taz deficiency provoked heart-specific loss of mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter protein that prevented Ca2+-induced activation of the Krebs cycle during β-adrenergic stimulation, oxidizing pyridine nucleotides and triggering arrhythmias in cardiac myocytes. In vivo, Taz-KD mice displayed prolonged QRS duration as a substrate for arrhythmias, and a lack of inotropic response to β-adrenergic stimulation. Cellular arrhythmias and QRS prolongation, but not the defective inotropic reserve, were restored by inhibiting Ca2+ export through the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. All alterations occurred in the absence of excess mitochondrial ROS in vitro or in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Downregulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter, increased myofilament Ca2+ affinity, and preactivated sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase provoke mechano-energetic uncoupling that explains diastolic dysfunction and the lack of inotropic reserve in BTHS cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, defective mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake provides a trigger and a substrate for ventricular arrhythmias. These insights can guide the ongoing search for a cure of this orphaned disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Bertero
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.).,Now with Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties (Di.M.I.), University of Genoa, Italy (E.B.)
| | - Alexander Nickel
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Michael Kohlhaas
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Mathias Hohl
- Clinic for Internal Medicine III (M. Hohl, C.B., K.M., S.A., A.K., M.B., C.M.), Saarland University Clinic, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Vasco Sequeira
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Carolin Brune
- Clinic for Internal Medicine III (M. Hohl, C.B., K.M., S.A., A.K., M.B., C.M.), Saarland University Clinic, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Julia Schwemmlein
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Marco Abeßer
- Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Germany (M.A., K.S., M. Kuhn)
| | - Kai Schuh
- Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Germany (M.A., K.S., M. Kuhn)
| | - Ilona Kutschka
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Christopher Carlein
- Department for Biophysics, ZHMB, CIPMM (C.C., R.K., M. Hoth, L.P.R.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Kai Münker
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.).,Clinic for Internal Medicine III (M. Hohl, C.B., K.M., S.A., A.K., M.B., C.M.), Saarland University Clinic, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Sarah Atighetchi
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.).,Clinic for Internal Medicine III (M. Hohl, C.B., K.M., S.A., A.K., M.B., C.M.), Saarland University Clinic, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Andreas Müller
- Clinic for Radiology (A.M.), Saarland University Clinic, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Andrey Kazakov
- Clinic for Internal Medicine III (M. Hohl, C.B., K.M., S.A., A.K., M.B., C.M.), Saarland University Clinic, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Reinhard Kappl
- Department for Biophysics, ZHMB, CIPMM (C.C., R.K., M. Hoth, L.P.R.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Karina von der Malsburg
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling, PZMS, Faculty of Medicine (K.v.d.M., M.v.d.L., A.v.d.M.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Martin van der Laan
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling, PZMS, Faculty of Medicine (K.v.d.M., M.v.d.L., A.v.d.M.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Anna-Florentine Schiuma
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Michael Böhm
- Clinic for Internal Medicine III (M. Hohl, C.B., K.M., S.A., A.K., M.B., C.M.), Saarland University Clinic, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Ulrich Laufs
- Now with Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Germany (U.L.)
| | - Markus Hoth
- Department for Biophysics, ZHMB, CIPMM (C.C., R.K., M. Hoth, L.P.R.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Peter Rehling
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany (P.R., J.D.).,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Germany (P.R.).,Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany (P.R.)
| | - Michaela Kuhn
- Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Germany (M.A., K.S., M. Kuhn)
| | - Jan Dudek
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.).,Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany (P.R., J.D.)
| | - Alexander von der Malsburg
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling, PZMS, Faculty of Medicine (K.v.d.M., M.v.d.L., A.v.d.M.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Leticia Prates Roma
- Department for Biophysics, ZHMB, CIPMM (C.C., R.K., M. Hoth, L.P.R.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Christoph Maack
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.).,Clinic for Internal Medicine III (M. Hohl, C.B., K.M., S.A., A.K., M.B., C.M.), Saarland University Clinic, Homburg/Saar, Germany.,Department for Internal Medicine 1, University Clinic Würzburg, Germany (C.M.)
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14
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Energy matters: presynaptic metabolism and the maintenance of synaptic transmission. Nat Rev Neurosci 2021; 23:4-22. [PMID: 34782781 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic activity imposes large energy demands that are met by local adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis through glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. ATP drives action potentials, supports synapse assembly and remodelling, and fuels synaptic vesicle filling and recycling, thus sustaining synaptic transmission. Given their polarized morphological features - including long axons and extensive branching in their terminal regions - neurons face exceptional challenges in maintaining presynaptic energy homeostasis, particularly during intensive synaptic activity. Recent studies have started to uncover the mechanisms and signalling pathways involved in activity-dependent and energy-sensitive regulation of presynaptic energetics, or 'synaptoenergetics'. These conceptual advances have established the energetic regulation of synaptic efficacy and plasticity as an exciting research field that is relevant to a range of neurological disorders associated with bioenergetic failure and synaptic dysfunction.
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15
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Kesharwani A, Schwarz K, Dembla E, Dembla M, Schmitz F. Early Changes in Exo- and Endocytosis in the EAE Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis Correlate with Decreased Synaptic Ribbon Size and Reduced Ribbon-Associated Vesicle Pools in Rod Photoreceptor Synapses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910789. [PMID: 34639129 PMCID: PMC8509850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that finally leads to demyelination. Demyelinating optic neuritis is a frequent symptom in MS. Recent studies also revealed synapse dysfunctions in MS patients and MS mouse models. We previously reported alterations of photoreceptor ribbon synapses in the experimental auto-immune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS. In the present study, we found that the previously observed decreased imunosignals of photoreceptor ribbons in early EAE resulted from a decrease in synaptic ribbon size, whereas the number/density of ribbons in photoreceptor synapses remained unchanged. Smaller photoreceptor ribbons are associated with fewer docked and ribbon-associated vesicles. At a functional level, depolarization-evoked exocytosis as monitored by optical recording was diminished even as early as on day 7 after EAE induction. Moreover compensatory, post-depolarization endocytosis was decreased. Decreased post-depolarization endocytosis in early EAE correlated with diminished synaptic enrichment of dynamin3. In contrast, basal endocytosis in photoreceptor synapses of resting non-depolarized retinal slices was increased in early EAE. Increased basal endocytosis correlated with increased de-phosphorylation of dynamin1. Thus, multiple endocytic pathways in photoreceptor synapse are differentially affected in early EAE and likely contribute to the observed synapse pathology in early EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kesharwani
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical School, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (K.S.); (E.D.); (M.D.); (F.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Karin Schwarz
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical School, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (K.S.); (E.D.); (M.D.); (F.S.)
| | - Ekta Dembla
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical School, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (K.S.); (E.D.); (M.D.); (F.S.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mayur Dembla
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical School, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (K.S.); (E.D.); (M.D.); (F.S.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Frank Schmitz
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical School, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (K.S.); (E.D.); (M.D.); (F.S.)
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16
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Emery JM, Ortiz RM. Mitofusin 2: A link between mitochondrial function and substrate metabolism? Mitochondrion 2021; 61:125-137. [PMID: 34536562 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic, interactive organelles that connect cellular signaling and whole-cell homeostasis. This "mitochatting" allows the cell to receive information about the mitochondria's condition before accommodating energy demands. Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), an outer mitochondrial membrane fusion protein specializes in mediating mitochondrial homeostasis. Early studies defined the biological significance of Mfn2, while latter studies highlighted its role in substrate metabolism. However, determining Mfn2 potential to contribute to energy homeostasis needs study. This review summarizes current literature on mitochondrial metabolic processes, dynamics, and evidence of interactions among Mfn2 and regulatory processes that may link Mfn2's role in maintaining mitochondrial function and substrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna M Emery
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, United States.
| | - Rudy M Ortiz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, United States
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17
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With a grain of salt: Sodium elevation and metabolic remodelling in heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 161:106-115. [PMID: 34371034 PMCID: PMC7611640 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Elevated intracellular Na (Nai) and metabolic impairment are interrelated pathophysiological features of the failing heart (HF). There have been a number of studies showing that myocardial sodium elevation subtly affects mitochondrial function. During contraction, mitochondrial calcium (Camito) stimulates a variety of TCA cycle enzymes, thereby providing reducing equivalents to maintain ATP supply. Nai elevation has been shown to impact Camito; however, whether metabolic remodelling in HF is caused by increased Nai has only been recently demonstrated. This novel insight may help to elucidate the contribution of metabolic remodelling in the pathophysiology of HF, the lack of efficacy of current HF therapies and a rationale for the development of future metabolism-targeting treatments. Here we review the relationship between Na pump inhibition, elevated Nai, and altered metabolic profile in the context of HF and their link to metabolic (in)flexibility and mitochondrial reprogramming.
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18
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Wang C, Wang Y, Shen L. Mitochondrial proteins in heart failure: The role of deacetylation by SIRT3. Pharmacol Res 2021; 172:105802. [PMID: 34363948 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is still the leading cause of death worldwide, occurring with a variety of complex mechanisms. However, most intervention for HF do not directly target the pathological mechanisms underlying cell damage in failing cardiomyocytes. Mitochondria are involved in many physiological processes, which is an important guarantee for normal heart function. Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered to be the critical node of the development of HF. Strict modulation of the mitochondrial function can ameliorate the myocardial injury and protect cardiac function. Acetylation plays an important role in mitochondrial protein homeostasis, and SIRT3, the most important deacetylation protein in mitochondria, is involved in the maintenance of mitochondrial function. SIRT3 can delay the progression of HF by improving mitochondrial function. Herein we summarize the interaction between SIRT3 and proteins related to mitochondrial function including oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), fatty acid oxidation (FAO), mitochondrial biosynthesis, mitochondrial quality control. In addition, we also sum up the effects of this interaction on HF and the research progress of treatments targeting SIRT3, so as to find potential HF therapeutic for clinical use in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfang Wang
- Department of Internal Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renming Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China.
| | - Yating Wang
- Department of Internal Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renming Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China.
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Internal Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renming Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China.
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Diolez P, Deschodt-Arsac V, Calmettes G, Gouspillou G, Arsac L, Jais P, Haissaguerre M, Dos Santos P. Integrative Methods for Studying Cardiac Energetics. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2277:405-421. [PMID: 34080165 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1270-5_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The more recent studies of human pathologies have essentially revealed the complexity of the interactions involved at the different levels of integration in organ physiology. Integrated organ thus reveals functional properties not predictable by underlying molecular events. It is therefore obvious that current fine molecular analyses of pathologies should be fruitfully combined with integrative approaches of whole organ function. It follows that an important issue in the comprehension of the link between molecular events in pathologies and whole organ function/dysfunction is the development of new experimental strategies aimed at the study of the integrated organ physiology. Cardiovascular diseases are a good example as heart submitted to ischemic conditions has to cope both with a decreased supply of nutrients and oxygen, and the necessary increased activity required to sustain whole body-including the heart itself-oxygenation.By combining the principles of control analysis with noninvasive 31P NMR measurement of the energetic intermediates and simultaneous measurement of heart contractile activity, we developed MoCA (for Modular Control and regulation Analysis), an integrative approach designed to study in situ control and regulation of cardiac energetics during contraction in intact beating perfused isolated heart (Diolez et al., Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 293(1):R13-R19, 2007). Because it gives real access to integrated organ function, MoCA brings out a new type of information-the "elasticities," referring to integrated internal responses to metabolic changes-that may be a key to the understanding of the processes involved in pathologies. MoCA can potentially be used not only to detect the origin of the defects associated with the pathology, but also to provide the quantitative description of the routes by which these defects-or also drugs-modulate global heart function, therefore opening therapeutic perspectives. This review presents selected examples of the applications to isolated intact beating heart that evidence different modes of energetic regulation of cardiac contraction. We also discuss the clinical application by using noninvasive 31P cardiac energetics examination under clinical conditions for detection of heart pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Diolez
- INSERM U1045-Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux & LIRYC-Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Université de Bordeaux, France, CHU de Bordeaux, France.
| | - Véronique Deschodt-Arsac
- INSERM U1045-Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux & LIRYC-Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Université de Bordeaux, France, CHU de Bordeaux, France
| | - Guillaume Calmettes
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gilles Gouspillou
- Département de Kinanthropologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Laurent Arsac
- INSERM U1045-Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux & LIRYC-Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Université de Bordeaux, France, CHU de Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Jais
- INSERM U1045-Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux & LIRYC-Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Université de Bordeaux, France, CHU de Bordeaux, France
| | - Michel Haissaguerre
- INSERM U1045-Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux & LIRYC-Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Université de Bordeaux, France, CHU de Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Dos Santos
- INSERM U1045-Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux & LIRYC-Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Université de Bordeaux, France, CHU de Bordeaux, France
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20
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Strubbe-Rivera JO, Schrad JR, Pavlov EV, Conway JF, Parent KN, Bazil JN. The mitochondrial permeability transition phenomenon elucidated by cryo-EM reveals the genuine impact of calcium overload on mitochondrial structure and function. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1037. [PMID: 33441863 PMCID: PMC7806632 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80398-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria have a remarkable ability to uptake and store massive amounts of calcium. However, the consequences of massive calcium accumulation remain enigmatic. In the present study, we analyzed a series of time-course experiments to identify the sequence of events that occur in a population of guinea pig cardiac mitochondria exposed to excessive calcium overload that cause mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT). By analyzing coincident structural and functional data, we determined that excessive calcium overload is associated with large calcium phosphate granules and inner membrane fragmentation, which explains the extent of mitochondrial dysfunction. This data also reveals a novel mechanism for cyclosporin A, an inhibitor of MPT, in which it preserves cristae despite the presence of massive calcium phosphate granules in the matrix. Overall, these findings establish a mechanism of calcium-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and the impact of calcium regulation on mitochondrial structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason R Schrad
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Evgeny V Pavlov
- Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - James F Conway
- Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Kristin N Parent
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jason N Bazil
- Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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21
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Nesci S, Pagliarani A. Ca 2+ as cofactor of the mitochondrial H + -translocating F 1 F O -ATP(hydrol)ase. Proteins 2021; 89:477-482. [PMID: 33378096 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial F1 FO -ATPase in the presence of the natural cofactor Mg2+ acts as the enzyme of life by synthesizing ATP, but it can also hydrolyze ATP to pump H+ . Interestingly, Mg2+ can be replaced by Ca2+ , but only to sustain ATP hydrolysis and not ATP synthesis. When Ca2+ inserts in F1 , the torque generation built by the chemomechanical coupling between F1 and the rotating central stalk was reported as unable to drive the transmembrane H+ flux within FO . However, the failed H+ translocation is not consistent with the oligomycin-sensitivity of the Ca2+ -dependent F1 FO -ATP(hydrol)ase. New enzyme roles in mitochondrial energy transduction are suggested by recent advances. Accordingly, the structural F1 FO -ATPase distortion driven by ATP hydrolysis sustained by Ca2+ is consistent with the permeability transition pore signal propagation pathway. The Ca2+ -activated F1 FO -ATPase, by forming the pore, may contribute to dissipate the transmembrane H+ gradient created by the same enzyme complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pagliarani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
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22
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Marin W, Marin D, Ao X, Liu Y. Mitochondria as a therapeutic target for cardiac ischemia‑reperfusion injury (Review). Int J Mol Med 2020; 47:485-499. [PMID: 33416090 PMCID: PMC7797474 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction is the leading cause of cardiovascular-related mortality and chronic heart failure worldwide. As regards treatment, the reperfusion of ischemic tissue generates irreversible damage to the myocardium, which is termed 'cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury'. Due to the large number of mitochondria in cardiomyocytes, an increasing number of studies have focused on the roles of mitochondria in IR injury. The primary causes of IR injury are reduced oxidative phosphorylation during hypoxia and the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), together with the insufficient elimination of these oxidative species following reperfusion. IR injury includes the oxidation of DNA, incorrect modifications of proteins, the disruption of the mitochondrial membrane and respiratory chain, the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm), Ca2+ over-load, mitochondrial permeability transition pore formation, swelling of the mitochondria, and ultimately, cardiomyocyte necrosis. The present review article discusses the molecular mechanisms of IR injury, and summarizes the metabolic and dynamic changes occurring in the mitochondria in response to IR stress. The mitochondria are strongly recommended as a target for the development of therapeutic agents; however, the appropriate use of agents remains a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Marin
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Dennis Marin
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266061, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Ao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
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23
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The role of labile Zn 2+ and Zn 2+-transporters in the pathophysiology of mitochondria dysfunction in cardiomyocytes. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:971-989. [PMID: 33225416 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03964-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An important energy supplier of cardiomyocytes is mitochondria, similar to other mammalian cells. Studies have demonstrated that any defect in the normal processes controlled by mitochondria can lead to abnormal ROS production, thereby high oxidative stress as well as lack of ATP. Taken into consideration, the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and overproduction of ROS as well as the relation between increased ROS and high-level release of intracellular labile Zn2+, those bring into consideration the importance of the events related with those stimuli in cardiomyocytes responsible from cellular Zn2+-homeostasis and responsible Zn2+-transporters associated with the Zn2+-homeostasis and Zn2+-signaling. Zn2+-signaling, controlled by cellular Zn2+-homeostatic mechanisms, is regulated with intracellular labile Zn2+ levels, which are controlled, especially, with the two Zn2+-transporter families; ZIPs and ZnTs. Our experimental studies in mammalian cardiomyocytes and human heart tissue showed that Zn2+-transporters localizes to mitochondria besides sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum and Golgi under physiological condition. The protein levels as well as functions of those transporters can re-distribute under pathological conditions, therefore, they can interplay among organelles in cardiomyocytes to adjust a proper intracellular labile Zn2+ level. In the present review, we aimed to summarize the already known Zn2+-transporters localize to mitochondria and function to stabilize not only the cellular Zn2+ level but also cellular oxidative stress status. In conclusion, one can propose that a detailed understanding of cellular Zn2+-homeostasis and Zn2+-signaling through mitochondria may emphasize the importance of new mitochondria-targeting agents for prevention and/or therapy of cardiovascular dysfunction in humans.
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24
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Nollet EE, Westenbrink BD, de Boer RA, Kuster DWD, van der Velden J. Unraveling the Genotype-Phenotype Relationship in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Obesity-Related Cardiac Defects as a Major Disease Modifier. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e018641. [PMID: 33174505 PMCID: PMC7763714 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.018641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiomyopathy and is characterized by asymmetric septal thickening and diastolic dysfunction. More than 1500 mutations in genes encoding sarcomere proteins are associated with HCM. However, the genotype‐phenotype relationship in HCM is incompletely understood and involves modification by additional disease hits. Recent cohort studies identify obesity as a major adverse modifier of disease penetrance, severity, and clinical course. In this review, we provide an overview of these clinical findings. Moreover, we explore putative mechanisms underlying obesity‐induced sensitization and aggravation of the HCM phenotype. We hypothesize obesity‐related stressors to impact on cardiomyocyte structure, metabolism, and homeostasis. These may impair cardiac function by directly acting on the primary mutation‐induced myofilament defects and by independently adding to the total cardiac disease burden. Last, we address important clinical and pharmacological implications of the involvement of obesity in HCM disease modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar E Nollet
- Department of Physiology Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - B Daan Westenbrink
- Department of Cardiology University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Diederik W D Kuster
- Department of Physiology Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Department of Physiology Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Amsterdam The Netherlands.,Netherlands Heart Institute Utrecht The Netherlands
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25
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Abstract
Understanding the energetic state of the heart is essential for unraveling the central tenets of cardiac physiology. The heart uses a tremendous amount of energy and reductions in that energy supply can have lethal consequences. While ischemic events clearly result in significant metabolic perturbations, heart failure with both preserved and reduced ejection fraction display reductions in energetic status. To date, most cardiac energetics have been performed using 31P-NMR, which requires dedicated access to a specialized NMR spectrometer. This has limited the availability of this method to a handful of centers around the world. Here we present a method of assessing myocardial energetics in the isolated mouse heart using 1H-NMR spectrometers that are widely available in NMR core facilities. In addition, this methodology provides information on many other important metabolites within the heart, including unique metabolic differences between the hypoxic and ischemic hearts. Furthermore, we demonstrate the correlation between myocardial energetics and measures of contractile function in the mouse heart. These methods will allow a broader examination of myocardial energetics providing a valuable tool to aid in the understanding of the nature of these energetic deficits and to develop therapies directed at improving myocardial energetics in failing hearts.
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26
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Luczak ED, Wu Y, Granger JM, Joiner MLA, Wilson NR, Gupta A, Umapathi P, Murphy KR, Reyes Gaido OE, Sabet A, Corradini E, Tseng WW, Wang Y, Heck AJR, Wei AC, Weiss RG, Anderson ME. Mitochondrial CaMKII causes adverse metabolic reprogramming and dilated cardiomyopathy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4416. [PMID: 32887881 PMCID: PMC7473864 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18165-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the clear association between myocardial injury, heart failure and depressed myocardial energetics, little is known about upstream signals responsible for remodeling myocardial metabolism after pathological stress. Here, we report increased mitochondrial calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) activation and left ventricular dilation in mice one week after myocardial infarction (MI) surgery. By contrast, mice with genetic mitochondrial CaMKII inhibition are protected from left ventricular dilation and dysfunction after MI. Mice with myocardial and mitochondrial CaMKII overexpression (mtCaMKII) have severe dilated cardiomyopathy and decreased ATP that causes elevated cytoplasmic resting (diastolic) Ca2+ concentration and reduced mechanical performance. We map a metabolic pathway that rescues disease phenotypes in mtCaMKII mice, providing insights into physiological and pathological metabolic consequences of CaMKII signaling in mitochondria. Our findings suggest myocardial dilation, a disease phenotype lacking specific therapies, can be prevented by targeted replacement of mitochondrial creatine kinase or mitochondrial-targeted CaMKII inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D Luczak
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Yuejin Wu
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan M Granger
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mei-Ling A Joiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Nicholas R Wilson
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ashish Gupta
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Priya Umapathi
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kevin R Murphy
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Oscar E Reyes Gaido
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amin Sabet
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eleonora Corradini
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wen-Wei Tseng
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yibin Wang
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology and Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - An-Chi Wei
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Robert G Weiss
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark E Anderson
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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27
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Characterization and validation of a preventative therapy for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a murine model of the disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:23113-23124. [PMID: 32859761 PMCID: PMC7502707 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002976117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy affects 1:500 of the general population. Current drug therapy is used to manage symptoms in patients. There is an unmet need for treatments that can prevent the cardiomyopathy. Here we identify biomarkers of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy resulting from causing cardiac troponin I mutation Gly203Ser, and present a safe, nontoxic, preventative approach for the treatment of associated cardiomyopathy. Currently there is an unmet need for treatments that can prevent hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Using a murine model we previously identified that HCM causing cardiac troponin I mutation Gly203Ser (cTnI-G203S) is associated with increased mitochondrial metabolic activity, consistent with the human condition. These alterations precede development of the cardiomyopathy. Here we examine the efficacy of in vivo treatment of cTnI-G203S mice with a peptide derived against the α-interaction domain of the cardiac L-type calcium channel (AID-TAT) on restoring mitochondrial metabolic activity, and preventing HCM. cTnI-G203S or age-matched wt mice were treated with active or inactive AID-TAT. Following treatment, targeted metabolomics was utilized to evaluate myocardial substrate metabolism. Cardiac myocyte mitochondrial metabolic activity was assessed as alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential and flavoprotein oxidation. Cardiac morphology and function were examined using echocardiography. Cardiac uptake was assessed using an in vivo multispectral imaging system. We identified alterations in six biochemical intermediates in cTnI-G203S hearts consistent with increased anaplerosis. We also reveal that AID-TAT treatment of precardiomyopathic cTnI-G203S mice, but not mice with established cardiomyopathy, restored cardiac myocyte mitochondrial membrane potential and flavoprotein oxidation, and prevented myocardial hypertrophy. Importantly, AID-TAT was rapidly targeted to the heart, and not retained by the liver or kidneys. Overall, we identify biomarkers of HCM resulting from the cTnI mutation Gly203Ser, and present a safe, preventative therapy for associated cardiomyopathy. Utilizing AID-TAT to modulate cardiac metabolic activity may be beneficial in preventing HCM in “at risk” patients with identified Gly203Ser gene mutations.
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28
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Viola HM, Shah AA, Kretzmann JA, Evans CW, Norret M, Iyer KS, Hool LC. A dendronized polymer variant that facilitates safe delivery of a calcium channel antagonist to the heart. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 29:102264. [PMID: 32659322 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic approaches for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MI) have been ineffective due to limited bioavailability and poor specificity. We have previously shown that a peptide that targets the α-interaction domain of the cardiac L-type calcium channel (AID-peptide) attenuates MI when tethered to transactivator of transcription sequence (TAT) or spherical nanoparticles. However some reservations remain regarding use of these delivery platforms due to the relationship with human immunodeficiency virus, off-target effects and toxicity. Here we investigate the use of linear dendronized polymers (denpols) to deliver AID-peptide as a potential MI therapy using in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models. Optimized denpol-complexed AID-peptide facilitated in vitro cardiac uptake of AID-peptide, and reduced MI. Maximal in vivo cardiac uptake was achieved within the 2 h therapeutic time window for acute myocardial infarction. Importantly, optimized denpol-complexed AID-peptide was not toxic. This platform may represent an alternative therapeutic approach for the prevention of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena M Viola
- School of Human Sciences (Physiology), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Ashay A Shah
- School of Human Sciences (Physiology), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Jessica A Kretzmann
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Cameron W Evans
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Marck Norret
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - K Swaminathan Iyer
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Livia C Hool
- School of Human Sciences (Physiology), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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29
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Veloso CD, Belew GD, Ferreira LL, Grilo LF, Jones JG, Portincasa P, Sardão VA, Oliveira PJ. A Mitochondrial Approach to Cardiovascular Risk and Disease. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:3175-3194. [PMID: 31470786 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190830163735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading risk factor for mortality worldwide and the number of CVDs victims is predicted to rise through 2030. While several external parameters (genetic, behavioral, environmental and physiological) contribute to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; intrinsic metabolic and functional determinants such as insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, inflammation, high blood pressure and dyslipidemia are considered to be dominant factors. METHODS Pubmed searches were performed using different keywords related with mitochondria and cardiovascular disease and risk. In vitro, animal and human results were extracted from the hits obtained. RESULTS High cardiac energy demand is sustained by mitochondrial ATP production, and abnormal mitochondrial function has been associated with several lifestyle- and aging-related pathologies in the developed world such as diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and kidney diseases, that in turn can lead to cardiac injury. In order to delay cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of cardiovascular risk, regular physical activity has been shown to improve mitochondrial parameters and myocardial tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion (IR). Furthermore, pharmacological interventions can prevent the risk of CVDs. Therapeutic agents that can target mitochondria, decreasing ROS production and improve its function have been intensively researched. One example is the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ10, which already showed beneficial effects in hypertensive rat models. Carvedilol or antidiabetic drugs also showed protective effects by preventing cardiac mitochondrial oxidative damage. CONCLUSION This review highlights the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in CVDs, also show-casing several approaches that act by improving mitochondrial function in the heart, contributing to decrease some of the risk factors associated with CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline D Veloso
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Getachew D Belew
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Luciana L Ferreira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Luís F Grilo
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - John G Jones
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Vilma A Sardão
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
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30
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Adaptations in GLUT4 Expression in Response to Exercise Detraining Linked to Downregulation of Insulin-Dependent Pathways in Cardiac but not in Skeletal Muscle Tissue. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2020; 30:272-279. [PMID: 32454459 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2019-0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors, and exercise training can improve insulin-mediated glucose uptake. However, few studies have demonstrated the reversibility of exercise-induced benefits. Thus, the authors examine the time-response effects of exercise training and detraining on glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) content, insulin-dependent and insulin-independent pathways in cardiac and gastrocnemius muscle tissues of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Thirty-two male spontaneously hypertensive rats, 4 months old, were assigned to (n = 8/group): T (exercise training: 10-week treadmill exercise, 50-70% maximum effort capacity, 1 hr/day, 5 days/week); D2 (exercise training + 2-day detraining), D4 (exercise training + 4-day detraining); and S (no exercise). The authors evaluated insulin resistance, maximum effort capacity, GLUT4 content, p-IRS-1Tyr1179, p-AS160Ser588, p-AMPKα1Thr172, and p-CaMKIIThr286 in cardiac and gastrocnemius muscle tissues (Western blot). In response to exercise training, there were improvements in insulin resistance (15.4%; p = .010), increased GLUT4 content (microsomal, 29.4%; p = .012; plasma membrane, 27.1%; p < .001), p-IRS-1 (42.2%; p < .001), p-AS160 (60.0%; p < .001) in cardiac tissue, and increased GLUT4 content (microsomal, 29.4%; p = .009; plasma membrane, 55.5%; p < .001), p-IRS-1 (28.1%; p = .018), p-AS160 (76.0%; p < .001), p-AMPK-α1 (37.5%; p = .026), and p-CaMKII (30.0%; p = .040) in the gastrocnemius tissue. In D4 group, the exercise-induced increase in GLUT4 was reversed (plasma membrane, -21.3%; p = .027), p-IRS1 (-37.1%; p = .008), and p-AS160 (-82.6%; p < .001) in the cardiac tissue; p-AS160 expression (-35.7%; p = .034) was reduced in the gastrocnemius. In conclusion, the cardiac tissue is more susceptible to exercise adaptations in the GLUT4 content and signaling pathways than the gastrocnemius muscle. This finding may be explained by particular characteristics of insulin-dependent and insulin-independent pathways in the muscle tissues studied.
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31
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Takeuchi A, Matsuoka S. Integration of mitochondrial energetics in heart with mathematical modelling. J Physiol 2020; 598:1443-1457. [DOI: 10.1113/jp276817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Takeuchi
- Department of Integrative and Systems PhysiologyFaculty of Medical Sciencesand Life Science Innovation CenterUniversity of Fukui Fukui 910‐1193 Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsuoka
- Department of Integrative and Systems PhysiologyFaculty of Medical Sciencesand Life Science Innovation CenterUniversity of Fukui Fukui 910‐1193 Japan
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32
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Smolina N, Khudiakov A, Knyazeva A, Zlotina A, Sukhareva K, Kondratov K, Gogvadze V, Zhivotovsky B, Sejersen T, Kostareva A. Desmin mutations result in mitochondrial dysfunction regardless of their aggregation properties. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165745. [PMID: 32105824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Desmin, being a major intermediate filament of muscle cells, contributes to stabilization and positioning of mitochondria. Desmin mutations have been reported in conjunction with skeletal myopathies accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction. Depending on the ability to promote intracellular aggregates formation, mutations can be considered aggregate-prone or non-aggregate-prone. The aim of the present study was to describe how expression of different desmin mutant isoforms effects mitochondria and contributes to the development of myocyte dysfunction. To achieve this goal, two non-aggregate-prone (Des S12F and Des A213V) and four aggregate-prone (Des L345P, Des A357P, Des L370P, Des D399Y) desmin mutations were expressed in skeletal muscle cells. We showed that all evaluated mutations affected the morphology of mitochondrial network, suppressed parameters of mitochondrial respiration, diminished mitochondrial membrane potential, increased ADP/ATP ratio, and enhanced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release. mtDNA was partially secreted through exosomes as demonstrated by GW4869 treatment. Dysfunction of mitochondria was observed regardless the type of mutation: aggregate-prone or non-aggregate-prone. However, expression of aggregate-prone mutations resulted in more prominent phenotype. Thus, in this comparative study of six pathogenic desmin mutations that cause skeletal myopathy development, we confirmed a role of mitochondrial dysfunction and mtDNA release in the pathogenesis of desmin myopathies, regardless of the aggregation capacity of the mutated desmin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Smolina
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | - Anna Zlotina
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kseniya Sukhareva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia; University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Kirill Kondratov
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir Gogvadze
- Faculty of medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Faculty of medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Sejersen
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Kostareva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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33
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Szibor M, Gizatullina Z, Gainutdinov T, Endres T, Debska-Vielhaber G, Kunz M, Karavasili N, Hallmann K, Schreiber F, Bamberger A, Schwarzer M, Doenst T, Heinze HJ, Lessmann V, Vielhaber S, Kunz WS, Gellerich FN. Cytosolic, but not matrix, calcium is essential for adjustment of mitochondrial pyruvate supply. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:4383-4397. [PMID: 32094224 PMCID: PMC7135991 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and cellular workload are tightly balanced by the key cellular regulator, calcium (Ca2+). Current models assume that cytosolic Ca2+ regulates workload and that mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake precedes activation of matrix dehydrogenases, thereby matching OXPHOS substrate supply to ATP demand. Surprisingly, knockout (KO) of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) in mice results in only minimal phenotypic changes and does not alter OXPHOS. This implies that adaptive activation of mitochondrial dehydrogenases by intramitochondrial Ca2+ cannot be the exclusive mechanism for OXPHOS control. We hypothesized that cytosolic Ca2+, but not mitochondrial matrix Ca2+, may adapt OXPHOS to workload by adjusting the rate of pyruvate supply from the cytosol to the mitochondria. Here, we studied the role of malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS)-dependent substrate supply in OXPHOS responses to changing Ca2+ concentrations in isolated brain and heart mitochondria, synaptosomes, fibroblasts, and thymocytes from WT and MCU KO mice and the isolated working rat heart. Our results indicate that extramitochondrial Ca2+ controls up to 85% of maximal pyruvate-driven OXPHOS rates, mediated by the activity of the complete MAS, and that intramitochondrial Ca2+ accounts for the remaining 15%. Of note, the complete MAS, as applied here, included besides its classical NADH oxidation reaction the generation of cytosolic pyruvate. Part of this largely neglected mechanism has previously been described as the “mitochondrial gas pedal.” Its implementation into OXPHOS control models integrates seemingly contradictory results and warrants a critical reappraisal of metabolic control mechanisms in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marten Szibor
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Zemfira Gizatullina
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.,Leibniz-Institute for Neurobiology, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Timur Gainutdinov
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.,Leibniz-Institute for Neurobiology, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.,Research Institute for Problems of Ecology and Mineral Wealth Use, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420087, Russia
| | - Thomas Endres
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Matthias Kunz
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Niki Karavasili
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Hallmann
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Bamberger
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Schwarzer
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Doenst
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Hans-Jochen Heinze
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Volkmar Lessmann
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Vielhaber
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wolfram S Kunz
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Frank N Gellerich
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany .,Leibniz-Institute for Neurobiology, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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Sacchetto C, Sequeira V, Bertero E, Dudek J, Maack C, Calore M. Metabolic Alterations in Inherited Cardiomyopathies. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122195. [PMID: 31842377 PMCID: PMC6947282 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The normal function of the heart relies on a series of complex metabolic processes orchestrating the proper generation and use of energy. In this context, mitochondria serve a crucial role as a platform for energy transduction by supplying ATP to the varying demand of cardiomyocytes, involving an intricate network of pathways regulating the metabolic flux of substrates. The failure of these processes results in structural and functional deficiencies of the cardiac muscle, including inherited cardiomyopathies. These genetic diseases are characterized by cardiac structural and functional anomalies in the absence of abnormal conditions that can explain the observed myocardial abnormality, and are frequently associated with heart failure. Since their original description, major advances have been achieved in the genetic and phenotype knowledge, highlighting the involvement of metabolic abnormalities in their pathogenesis. This review provides a brief overview of the role of mitochondria in the energy metabolism in the heart and focuses on metabolic abnormalities, mitochondrial dysfunction, and storage diseases associated with inherited cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sacchetto
- IMAiA—Institute for Molecular Biology and RNA Technology, Faculty of Health, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Vasco Sequeira
- Department of Translational Science, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 9708 Würzburg, Germany; (V.S.); (E.B.); (J.D.)
| | - Edoardo Bertero
- Department of Translational Science, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 9708 Würzburg, Germany; (V.S.); (E.B.); (J.D.)
| | - Jan Dudek
- Department of Translational Science, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 9708 Würzburg, Germany; (V.S.); (E.B.); (J.D.)
| | - Christoph Maack
- Department of Translational Science, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 9708 Würzburg, Germany; (V.S.); (E.B.); (J.D.)
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Martina Calore
- IMAiA—Institute for Molecular Biology and RNA Technology, Faculty of Health, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (M.C.)
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Li M, Wen Z, Xue Y, Han X, Ma D, Ma Z, Wu Z, Guan S, Sun S, Chu L. Cardioprotective effects of glycyrrhizic acid involve inhibition of calcium influx via L-type calcium channels and myocardial contraction in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 393:979-989. [PMID: 31807838 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01767-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is one of the main active components in licorice and has often been reported to have cardioprotective effects. However, the underlying cellular mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study is to verify the protective effects of GA against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial ischemia injury in rats. Another aim is to explore the cellular mechanisms based on the L-type Ca2+ channel, myocardial cell contraction, and intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) transient. The results show that GA reduced the ST segment elevation, decreased the heart rate, prevented ISO-induced QT-interval shortening, improved heart morphology, and decreased the activity of CK and LDH. GA blocked ICa-L in a dose-dependent manner. The concentration for 50% of the maximal effect (EC50) of GA was 145.54 μg/mL, and the maximal inhibition was 47.43 ± 0.75% at 1000 μg/mL. However, GA did not affect the dynamical properties of the Ca2+ channel. GA reversibly reduced the amplitude of cell contraction in a dose-dependent manner and slowed down its deflection and recovery, as well as the [Ca2+]i transient. The data demonstrate that GA inhibits L-type Ca2+ channels, decreases the [Ca2+]i transient, and shows a negative cardiac inotropic effect in the ventricular myocardial cells of adult rats. It also protects the myocardia from ischemia injury induced by ISO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Zishuai Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Yurun Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Xue Han
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Donglai Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Zhihong Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Zhonglin Wu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Shengjiang Guan
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China.
| | - Shijiang Sun
- Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China.
| | - Li Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China. .,Hebei Key Laboratory of integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China.
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36
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Abstract
In heart failure, alterations of Na+ and Ca2+ handling, energetic deficit, and oxidative stress in cardiac myocytes are important pathophysiological hallmarks. Mitochondria are central to these processes because they are the main source for ATP, but also reactive oxygen species (ROS), and their function is critically controlled by Ca2+ During physiological variations of workload, mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake is required to match energy supply to demand but also to keep the antioxidative capacity in a reduced state to prevent excessive emission of ROS. Mitochondria take up Ca2+ via the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter, which exists in a multiprotein complex whose molecular components were identified only recently. In heart failure, deterioration of cytosolic Ca2+ and Na+ handling hampers mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and the ensuing Krebs cycle-induced regeneration of the reduced forms of NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), giving rise to energetic deficit and oxidative stress. ROS emission from mitochondria can trigger further ROS release from neighboring mitochondria termed ROS-induced ROS release, and cross talk between different ROS sources provides a spatially confined cellular network of redox signaling. Although low levels of ROS may serve physiological roles, higher levels interfere with excitation-contraction coupling, induce maladaptive cardiac remodeling through redox-sensitive kinases, and cell death through mitochondrial permeability transition. Targeting the dysregulated interplay between excitation-contraction coupling and mitochondrial energetics may ameliorate the progression of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Bertero
- From the Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Maack
- From the Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Germany.
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37
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Abstract
The heart consumes large amounts of energy in the form of ATP that is continuously replenished by oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and, to a lesser extent, by glycolysis. To adapt the ATP supply efficiently to the constantly varying demand of cardiac myocytes, a complex network of enzymatic and signalling pathways controls the metabolic flux of substrates towards their oxidation in mitochondria. In patients with heart failure, derangements of substrate utilization and intermediate metabolism, an energetic deficit, and oxidative stress are thought to underlie contractile dysfunction and the progression of the disease. In this Review, we give an overview of the physiological processes of cardiac energy metabolism and their pathological alterations in heart failure and diabetes mellitus. Although the energetic deficit in failing hearts - discovered >2 decades ago - might account for contractile dysfunction during maximal exertion, we suggest that the alterations of intermediate substrate metabolism and oxidative stress rather than an ATP deficit per se account for maladaptive cardiac remodelling and dysfunction under resting conditions. Treatments targeting substrate utilization and/or oxidative stress in mitochondria are currently being tested in patients with heart failure and might be promising tools to improve cardiac function beyond that achieved with neuroendocrine inhibition.
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38
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Daniels LJ, Varma U, Annandale M, Chan E, Mellor KM, Delbridge LMD. Myocardial Energy Stress, Autophagy Induction, and Cardiomyocyte Functional Responses. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:472-486. [PMID: 30417655 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Energy stress in the myocardium occurs in a variety of acute and chronic pathophysiological contexts, including ischemia, nutrient deprivation, and diabetic disease settings of substrate disturbance. Although the heart is highly adaptive and flexible in relation to fuel utilization and routes of adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) generation, maladaptations in energy stress situations confer functional deficit. An understanding of the mechanisms that link energy stress to impaired myocardial performance is crucial. Recent Advances: Emerging evidence suggests that, in parallel with regulated enzymatic pathways that control intracellular substrate supply, other processes of "bulk" autophagic macromolecular breakdown may be important in energy stress conditions. Recent findings indicate that cargo-specific autophagic activity may be important in different stress states. In particular, induction of glycophagy, a glycogen-specific autophagy, has been described in acute and chronic energy stress situations. The impact of elevated cardiomyocyte glucose flux relating to glycophagy dysregulation on contractile function is unknown. Critical Issues: Ischemia- and diabetes-related cardiac adverse events comprise the majority of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Current therapies involve management of systemic comorbidities. Cardiac-specific adjunct treatments targeted to manage myocardial energy stress responses are lacking. Future Directions: New knowledge is required to understand the mechanisms involved in selective recruitment of autophagic responses in the cardiomyocyte energy stress response. In particular, exploration of the links between cell substrate flux, calcium ion (Ca2+) flux, and phagosomal cargo flux is required. Strategies to target specific fuel "bulk" management defects in cardiac energy stress states may be of therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna J Daniels
- 1 Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Upasna Varma
- 2 Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marco Annandale
- 1 Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Eleia Chan
- 2 Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kimberley M Mellor
- 1 Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,2 Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,3 Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lea M D Delbridge
- 2 Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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39
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van der Velden J, Tocchetti CG, Varricchi G, Bianco A, Sequeira V, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Hamdani N, Leite-Moreira AF, Mayr M, Falcão-Pires I, Thum T, Dawson DK, Balligand JL, Heymans S. Metabolic changes in hypertrophic cardiomyopathies: scientific update from the Working Group of Myocardial Function of the European Society of Cardiology. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:1273-1280. [PMID: 29912308 PMCID: PMC6054261 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbed metabolism as a consequence of obesity and diabetes may cause cardiac diseases (recently highlighted in the cardiovascular research spotlight issue on metabolic cardiomyopathies).1 In turn, the metabolism of the heart may also be disturbed in genetic and acquired forms of hypertrophic cardiac disease. Herein, we provide an overview of recent insights on metabolic changes in genetic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and discuss several therapies, which may be explored to target disturbed metabolism and prevent onset of cardiac hypertrophy. This article is part of the Mini Review Series from the Varenna 2017 meeting of the Working Group of Myocardial Function of the European Society of Cardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanda van der Velden
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carlo G Tocchetti
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, NA, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, NA, Italy
| | - Anna Bianco
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, NA, Italy.,Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center & CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Vasco Sequeira
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Denise Hilfiker-Kleiner
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medical School Hannover, Germany
| | - Nazha Hamdani
- Department of Systems Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Adelino F Leite-Moreira
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Mayr
- The James Black Centre & King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Ines Falcão-Pires
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,REBIRTH Excellence Cluster, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dana K Dawson
- School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Jean-Luc Balligand
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), and Clinique Universitaire Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center & CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
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40
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Abstract
Inflammatory processes underlie many diseases associated with injury of the heart muscle, including conditions without an obvious inflammatory pathogenic component such as hypertensive and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Persistence of cardiac inflammation can cause irreversible structural and functional deficits. Some are induced by direct damage of the heart muscle by cellular and soluble mediators but also by metabolic adaptations sustained by the inflammatory microenvironment. It is well established that both cardiomyocytes and immune cells undergo metabolic reprogramming in the site of inflammation, which allow them to deal with decreased availability of nutrients and oxygen. However, like in cancer, competition for nutrients and increased production of signalling metabolites such as lactate initiate a metabolic cross-talk between immune cells and cardiomyocytes which, we propose, might tip the balance between resolution of the inflammation versus adverse cardiac remodeling. Here we review our current understanding of the metabolic reprogramming of both heart tissue and immune cells during inflammation, and we discuss potential key mechanisms by which these metabolic responses intersect and influence each other and ultimately define the prognosis of the inflammatory process in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica M Marelli-Berg
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom.,Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Dunja Aksentijevic
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, G.E. Fogg Building, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom.,Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
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41
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Arginase II activity regulates cytosolic Ca 2+ level in a p32-dependent manner that contributes to Ca 2+-dependent vasoconstriction in native low-density lipoprotein-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-12. [PMID: 31155612 PMCID: PMC6545325 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0262-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Although arginase II (ArgII) is abundant in mitochondria, Ca2+-accumulating organelles, the relationship between ArgII activity and Ca2+ translocation into mitochondria and the regulation of cytosolic Ca2+ signaling are completely unknown. We investigated the effects of ArgII activity on mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake through mitochondrial p32 protein (p32m) and on CaMKII-dependent vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) contraction. Native low-density lipoprotein stimulation induced an increase in [Ca2+]m as measured by CoCl2-quenched calcein-AM fluorescence, which was prevented by Arg inhibition in hAoSMCs and reduced in mAoSMCs from ArgII−/− mice. Conversely, [Ca2+]c analyzed with Fluo-4 AM was increased by Arg inhibition and ArgII gene knockout. The increased [Ca2+]c resulted in CaMKII and MLC 20 phosphorylation, which was associated with enhanced vasoconstriction activity to phenylephrine (PE) in the vascular tension assay. Cy5-tagged siRNA against mitochondrial p32 mRNA (sip32m) abolished mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and induced activation of CaMKII. Spermine, a polyamine, induced mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and dephosphorylation of CaMKII and was completely inhibited by sip32m incubation. In mAoSMCs from ApoE-null mice fed a high-cholesterol diet (ApoE−/− +HCD), Arg activity was increased, and spermine concentration was higher than that of wild-type mice. Furthermore, [Ca2+]m and p32m levels were elevated, and CaMKII phosphorylation was reduced in mAoSMCs from ApoE−/− +HCD. In vascular tension experiments, an attenuated response to vasoconstrictors in de-endothelialized aorta from ApoE−/− +HCD was recovered by incubation of sip32m. ArgII activity-dependent production of spermine augments Ca2+ transition from the cytosol to the mitochondria in a p32m-dependent manner and regulates CaMKII-dependent constriction in VSMCs. Researchers have illuminated how a protein, arginase II (ArgII), is involved in development of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, or narrowing of the arteries by plaque deposits. Blood vessel diameter is regulated by layers of muscle; the balance between constriction and relaxation is critical for blood flow and vascular health. Increased ArgII is known to be a factor in arterial disease; however, the details of regulation, and how they relate to plaque deposition, remain poorly understood. Sungwoo Ryoo at Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea and co-workers investigated how ArgII levels affect arterial constriction and relaxation in mice. Decreasing ArgII restored the muscle cells’ contraction response by preventing excessive calcium accumulation in the cellular powerhouse, mitochondria. These results may aid in developing treatments for one of the leading causes of death worldwide.
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42
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Antoniou CK, Manolakou P, Magkas N, Konstantinou K, Chrysohoou C, Dilaveris P, Gatzoulis KA, Tousoulis D. Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy and Cellular Bioenergetics: Effects Beyond Chamber Mechanics. Eur Cardiol 2019; 14:33-44. [PMID: 31131035 PMCID: PMC6523053 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2019.2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac resynchronisation therapy is a cornerstone in the treatment of advanced dyssynchronous heart failure. However, despite its widespread clinical application, precise mechanisms through which it exerts its beneficial effects remain elusive. Several studies have pointed to a metabolic component suggesting that, both in concert with alterations in chamber mechanics and independently of them, resynchronisation reverses detrimental changes to cellular metabolism, increasing energy efficiency and metabolic reserve. These actions could partially account for the existence of responders that improve functionally but not echocardiographically. This article will attempt to summarise key components of cardiomyocyte metabolism in health and heart failure, with a focus on the dyssynchronous variant. Both chamber mechanics-related and -unrelated pathways of resynchronisation effects on bioenergetics – stemming from the ultramicroscopic level – and a possible common underlying mechanism relating mechanosensing to metabolism through the cytoskeleton will be presented. Improved insights regarding the cellular and molecular effects of resynchronisation on bioenergetics will promote our understanding of non-response, optimal device programming and lead to better patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Panagiota Manolakou
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Magkas
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Konstantinou
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Chrysohoou
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Polychronis Dilaveris
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos A Gatzoulis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tousoulis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens, Greece
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43
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Crosstalk between Calcium and ROS in Pathophysiological Conditions. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9324018. [PMID: 31178978 PMCID: PMC6507098 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9324018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Calcium ions are highly versatile intracellular signals that regulate many cellular processes. The key to achieving this pleiotropic role is the spatiotemporal control of calcium concentration evoked by an extensive molecular repertoire of signalling components. Among these, reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling, together with calcium signalling, plays a crucial role in controlling several physiopathological events. Although initially considered detrimental by-products of aerobic metabolism, it is now widely accepted that ROS, in subtoxic levels, act as signalling molecules. However, dysfunctions in the mechanisms controlling the physiological ROS concentration affect cellular homeostasis, leading to the pathogenesis of various disorders.
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44
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Nickel AG, Kohlhaas M, Bertero E, Wilhelm D, Wagner M, Sequeira V, Kreusser MM, Dewenter M, Kappl R, Hoth M, Dudek J, Backs J, Maack C. CaMKII does not control mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake in cardiac myocytes. J Physiol 2019; 598:1361-1376. [PMID: 30770570 DOI: 10.1113/jp276766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake stimulates the Krebs cycle to regenerate the reduced forms of pyridine nucleotides (NADH, NADPH and FADH2 ) required for ATP production and reactive oxygen species (ROS) elimination. Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) has been proposed to regulate mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake via mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter phosphorylation. We used two mouse models with either global deletion of CaMKIIδ (CaMKIIδ knockout) or cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of CaMKIIδ and γ (CaMKIIδ/γ double knockout) to interrogate whether CaMKII controls mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in isolated mitochondria and during β-adrenergic stimulation in cardiac myocytes. CaMKIIδ/γ did not control Ca2+ uptake, respiration or ROS emission in isolated cardiac mitochondria, nor in isolated cardiac myocytes, during β-adrenergic stimulation and pacing. The results of the present study do not support a relevant role of CaMKII for mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in cardiac myocytes under physiological conditions. ABSTRACT Mitochondria are the main source of ATP and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cardiac myocytes. Furthermore, activation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) induces programmed cell death. These processes are essentially controlled by Ca2+ , which is taken up into mitochondria via the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU). It was recently proposed that Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) regulates Ca2+ uptake by interacting with the MCU, thereby affecting mPTP activation and programmed cell death. In the present study, we investigated the role of CaMKII under physiological conditions in which mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake matches energy supply to the demand of cardiac myocytes. Accordingly, we measured mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in isolated mitochondria and cardiac myocytes harvested from cardiomyocyte-specific CaMKII δ and γ double knockout (KO) (CaMKIIδ/γ DKO) and global CaMKIIδ KO mice. To simulate a physiological workload increase, cardiac myocytes were subjected to β-adrenergic stimulation (by isoproterenol superfusion) and an increase in stimulation frequency (from 0.5 to 5 Hz). No differences in mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation were detected in isolated mitochondria or cardiac myocytes from both CaMKII KO models compared to wild-type littermates. Mitochondrial redox state and ROS production were unchanged in CaMKIIδ/γ DKO, whereas we observed a mild oxidation of mitochondrial redox state and an increase in H2 O2 emission from CaMKIIδ KO cardiac myocytes exposed to an increase in workload. In conclusion, the results obtained in the present study do not support the regulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake via the MCU or mPTP activation by CaMKII in cardiac myocytes under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Nickel
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Affiliation when/at which experiments were performed: Clinic III for Internal Medicine, University Clinic Homburg, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael Kohlhaas
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Affiliation when/at which experiments were performed: Clinic III for Internal Medicine, University Clinic Homburg, Homburg, Germany
| | - Edoardo Bertero
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Wilhelm
- Affiliation when/at which experiments were performed: Clinic III for Internal Medicine, University Clinic Homburg, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Affiliation when/at which experiments were performed: Clinic III for Internal Medicine, University Clinic Homburg, Homburg, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Vasco Sequeira
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael M Kreusser
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Dewenter
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Reinhard Kappl
- Department of Biophysics, CIPMM, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Markus Hoth
- Department of Biophysics, CIPMM, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Jan Dudek
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Backs
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Maack
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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45
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Viola HM, Hool LC. Impaired calcium handling and mitochondrial metabolic dysfunction as early markers of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 665:166-174. [PMID: 30885674 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary myocardial disorder, characterised by myocyte remodeling, disorganisation of sarcomeric proteins, impaired energy metabolism and altered cardiac contractility. Gene mutations encoding cardiac contractile proteins account for 60% of HCM aetiology. Current drug therapy including L-type calcium channel antagonists, are used to manage symptoms in patients with overt HCM, but no treatment exists that can reverse or prevent the cardiomyopathy. Design of effective drug therapy will require a clear understanding of the early pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease. Numerous studies have investigated specific aspects of HCM pathophysiology. This review brings these findings together, in order to develop a holistic understanding of the early pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease. We focus on gene mutations in cardiac myosin binding protein-C, β-cardiac myosin heavy chain, cardiac troponin I, and cardiac troponin T, that comprise the majority of all HCM sarcomeric gene mutations. We find that although some similarities exist, each mutation leads to mutation-specific alterations in calcium handling, myofilament calcium sensitivity and mitochondrial metabolic function. This may contribute to the observed clinical phenotypic variability in sarcomeric-related HCM. An understanding of early mutation-specific mechanisms of the disease may provide useful markers of disease progression, and inform therapeutic design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena M Viola
- School of Human Sciences (Physiology), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Livia C Hool
- School of Human Sciences (Physiology), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Hino K, Nishina S, Sasaki K, Hara Y. Mitochondrial damage and iron metabolic dysregulation in hepatitis C virus infection. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 133:193-199. [PMID: 30268888 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection often leads to chronic hepatitis that can progress to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although HCV infection is expected to decrease due to the high rate of HCV eradication via the rapid dissemination and use of directly acting antivirals, HCV infection remains a leading cause of HCC. Although the mechanisms underlying the HCC development are not fully understood, oxidative stress is present to a greater degree in HCV infection than in other inflammatory liver diseases and has been proposed as a major mechanism of liver injury in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatocellular mitochondrial alterations and iron accumulation are well-known characteristics in patients with chronic hepatitis C and are closely related to oxidative stress, since the mitochondria are the main site of reactive oxygen species generation, and iron produces hydroxy radicals via the Fenton reaction. In addition, phlebotomy is an iron reduction approach that aims to lower serum transaminase levels in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Here, we review and discuss the mechanisms by which HCV induces mitochondrial damage and iron accumulation in the liver and offer new insights concerning how mitochondrial damage and iron accumulation are linked to the development of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Hino
- Department of Hepatology and Pancreatology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Sohij Nishina
- Department of Hepatology and Pancreatology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Kyo Sasaki
- Department of Hepatology and Pancreatology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Hara
- Department of Hepatology and Pancreatology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Several novel therapeutics being tested in patients with heart failure are based on myocardial energetics. This review will provide a summary of the recent trials in this area, including therapeutic options targeting various aspects of cellular and mitochondrial metabolism. RECENT FINDINGS Agents that improve the energetic balance in myocardial cells have the potential to improve clinical heart failure status. The most promising therapies currently under investigation in this arena include (1) elamipretide, a cardiolipin stabilizer; (2) repletion of iron deficiency with intravenous ferrous carboxymaltose; (3) coenzyme Q10; and (4) the partial adenosine receptor antagonists capadenoson and neladenosone. Myocardial energetics-based therapeutics are groundbreaking in that they utilize novel mechanisms of action to improve heart failure symptoms, without causing the adverse neurohormonal side effects associated with current guideline-based therapies. The drugs appear likely to be added to the heart failure therapy armamentarium as adjuncts to current regimens in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal N Bhatt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Javed Butler
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson, MS, USA
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48
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SR-mitochondria communication in adult cardiomyocytes: A close relationship where the Ca 2+ has a lot to say. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 663:259-268. [PMID: 30685253 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In adult cardiomyocytes, T-tubules, junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (jSR), and mitochondria juxtapose each other and form a unique and highly repetitive functional structure along the cell. The close apposition between jSR and mitochondria creates high Ca2+ microdomains at the contact sites, increasing the efficiency of the excitation-contraction-bioenergetics coupling, where the Ca2+ transfer from SR to mitochondria plays a critical role. The SR-mitochondria contacts are established through protein tethers, with mitofusin 2 the most studied SR-mitochondrial "bridge", albeit controversial. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake is further optimized with the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter preferentially localized in the jSR-mitochondria contact sites and the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger localized away from these sites. Despite all these unique features facilitating the privileged transport of Ca2+ from SR to mitochondria in adult cardiomyocytes, the question remains whether mitochondrial Ca2+ concentrations oscillate in synchronicity with cytosolic Ca2+ transients during heartbeats. Proper Ca2+ transfer controls not only the process of mitochondrial bioenergetics, but also of mitochondria-mediated cell death, autophagy/mitophagy, mitochondrial fusion/fission dynamics, reactive oxygen species generation, and redox signaling, among others. Our review focuses specifically on Ca2+ signaling between SR and mitochondria in adult cardiomyocytes. We discuss the physiological and pathological implications of this SR-mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling, research gaps, and future trends.
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49
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Doliba NM, Babsky AM, Osbakken MD. The Role of Sodium in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1473. [PMID: 30405433 PMCID: PMC6207851 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are the major cause of mortality and morbidity in diabetic patients. The changes in myocardial structure and function associated with diabetes are collectively called diabetic cardiomyopathy. Numerous molecular mechanisms have been proposed that could contribute to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy and have been studied in various animal models of type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The current review focuses on the role of sodium (Na+) in diabetic cardiomyopathy and provides unique data on the linkage between Na+ flux and energy metabolism, studied with non-invasive 23Na, and 31P-NMR spectroscopy, polarography, and mass spectroscopy. 23Na NMR studies allow determination of the intracellular and extracellular Na+ pools by splitting the total Na+ peak into two resonances after the addition of a shift reagent to the perfusate. Using this technology, we found that intracellular Na+ is approximately two times higher in diabetic cardiomyocytes than in control possibly due to combined changes in the activity of Na+–K+ pump, Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1) and Na+-glucose cotransporter. We hypothesized that the increase in Na+ activates the mitochondrial membrane Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, which leads to a loss of intramitochondrial Ca2+, with a subsequent alteration in mitochondrial bioenergetics and function. Using isolated mitochondria, we showed that the addition of Na+ (1–10 mM) led to a dose-dependent decrease in oxidative phosphorylation and that this effect was reversed by providing extramitochondrial Ca2+ or by inhibiting the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger with diltiazem. Similar experiments with 31P-NMR in isolated superfused mitochondria embedded in agarose beads showed that Na+ (3–30 mM) led to significantly decreased ATP levels and that this effect was stronger in diabetic rats. These data suggest that in diabetic cardiomyocytes, increased Na+ leads to abnormalities in oxidative phosphorylation and a subsequent decrease in ATP levels. In support of these data, using 31P-NMR, we showed that the baseline β-ATP and phosphocreatine (PCr) were lower in diabetic cardiomyocytes than in control, suggesting that diabetic cardiomyocytes have depressed bioenergetic function. Thus, both altered intracellular Na+ levels and bioenergetics and their interactions may significantly contribute to the pathology of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai M Doliba
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Andriy M Babsky
- Department of Biophysics and Bioinformatics, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Mary D Osbakken
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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50
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Wang P, Fernandez-Sanz C, Wang W, Sheu SS. Why don't mice lacking the mitochondrial Ca 2+ uniporter experience an energy crisis? J Physiol 2018; 598:1307-1326. [PMID: 30218574 DOI: 10.1113/jp276636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Current dogma holds that the heart balances energy demand and supply effectively and sustainably by sequestering enough Ca2+ into mitochondria during heartbeats to stimulate metabolic enzymes in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and electron transport chain (ETC). This process is called excitation-contraction-bioenergetics (ECB) coupling. Recent breakthroughs in identifying the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) and its associated proteins have opened up new windows for interrogating the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis regulation and its role in ECB coupling. Despite remarkable progress made in the past 7 years, it has been surprising, almost disappointing, that germline MCU deficiency in mice with certain genetic background yields viable pups, and knockout of the MCU in adult heart does not cause lethality. Moreover, MCU deficiency results in few adverse phenotypes, normal performance, and preserved bioenergetics in the heart at baseline. In this review, we briefly assess the existing literature on mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis regulation and then we consider possible explanations for why MCU-deficient mice are spared from energy crises under physiological conditions. We propose that MCU and/or mitochondrial Ca2+ may have limited ability to set ECB coupling, that other mitochondrial Ca2+ handling mechanisms may play a role, and that extra-mitochondrial Ca2+ may regulate ECB coupling. Since the heart needs to regenerate a significant amount of ATP to assure the perpetuation of heartbeats, multiple mechanisms are likely to work in concert to match energy supply with demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Celia Fernandez-Sanz
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Wang Wang
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Shey-Shing Sheu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
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