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Lê-Bury P, Echenique-Rivera H, Pizarro-Cerdá J, Dussurget O. Determinants of bacterial survival and proliferation in blood. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2024; 48:fuae013. [PMID: 38734892 PMCID: PMC11163986 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Bloodstream infection is a major public health concern associated with high mortality and high healthcare costs worldwide. Bacteremia can trigger fatal sepsis whose prevention, diagnosis, and management have been recognized as a global health priority by the World Health Organization. Additionally, infection control is increasingly threatened by antimicrobial resistance, which is the focus of global action plans in the framework of a One Health response. In-depth knowledge of the infection process is needed to develop efficient preventive and therapeutic measures. The pathogenesis of bloodstream infection is a dynamic process resulting from the invasion of the vascular system by bacteria, which finely regulate their metabolic pathways and virulence factors to overcome the blood immune defenses and proliferate. In this review, we highlight our current understanding of determinants of bacterial survival and proliferation in the bloodstream and discuss their interactions with the molecular and cellular components of blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Lê-Bury
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Yersinia Research Unit, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), 18 route du Panorama, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Hebert Echenique-Rivera
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Yersinia Research Unit, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Javier Pizarro-Cerdá
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Yersinia Research Unit, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Yersinia National Reference Laboratory, WHO Collaborating Research & Reference Centre for Plague FRA-146, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Dussurget
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Yersinia Research Unit, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
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2
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Smallman TR, Perlaza-Jiménez L, Wang X, Korman TM, Kotsanas D, Gibson JS, Turni C, Harper M, Boyce JD. Pathogenomic analysis and characterization of Pasteurella multocida strains recovered from human infections. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0380523. [PMID: 38426766 PMCID: PMC10986470 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03805-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida is an upper respiratory tract commensal in several mammal and bird species but can also cause severe disease in humans and in production animals such as poultry, cattle, and pigs. In this study, we performed whole-genome sequencing of P. multocida isolates recovered from a range of human infections, from the mouths of cats, and from wounds on dogs. Together with publicly available P. multocida genome sequences, we performed phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses. While isolates from cats and dogs were spread across the phylogenetic tree, human infections were caused almost exclusively by subsp. septica strains. Most of the human isolates were capsule type A and LPS type L1 and L3; however, some strains lacked a capsule biosynthesis locus, and some strains contained a novel LPS outer-core locus, distinct from the eight LPS loci that can currently be identified using an LPS multiplex PCR. In addition, the P. multocida strains isolated from human infections contained novel mobile genetic elements. We compiled a curated database of known P. multocida virulence factor and antibiotic resistance genes (PastyVRDB) allowing for detailed characterization of isolates. The majority of human P. multocida isolates encoded a reduced range of iron receptors and contained only one filamentous hemagglutinin gene. Finally, gene-trait analysis identified a putative L-fucose uptake and utilization pathway that was over-represented in subsp. septica strains and may represent a novel host predilection mechanism in this subspecies. Together, these analyses have identified pathogenic mechanisms likely important for P. multocida zoonotic infections.IMPORTANCEPasteurella multocida can cause serious infections in humans, including skin and wound infections, pneumonia, peritonitis, meningitis, and bacteraemia. Cats and dogs are known vectors of human pasteurellosis, transmitting P. multocida via bite wounds or contact with animal saliva. The mechanisms that underpin P. multocida human predilection and pathogenesis are poorly understood. With increasing identification of antibiotic-resistant P. multocida strains, understanding these mechanisms is vital for developing novel treatments and control strategies to combat P. multocida human infection. Here, we show that a narrow range of P. multocida strains cause disease in humans, while cats and dogs, common vectors for zoonotic infections, can harbor a wide range of P. multocida strains. We also present a curated P. multocida-specific database, allowing quick and detailed characterization of newly sequenced P. multocida isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R. Smallman
- Department of Microbiology, Infection Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura Perlaza-Jiménez
- Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xiaochu Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Infection Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tony M. Korman
- Monash University and Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Despina Kotsanas
- Monash University and Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Justine S. Gibson
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Conny Turni
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marina Harper
- Department of Microbiology, Infection Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John D. Boyce
- Department of Microbiology, Infection Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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3
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Trouillon J, Attrée I, Elsen S. The regulation of bacterial two-partner secretion systems. Mol Microbiol 2023; 120:159-177. [PMID: 37340956 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Two-partner secretion (TPS) systems, also known as Type Vb secretion systems, allow the translocation of effector proteins across the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. By secreting different classes of effectors, including cytolysins and adhesins, TPS systems play important roles in bacterial pathogenesis and host interactions. Here, we review the current knowledge on TPS systems regulation and highlight specific and common regulatory mechanisms across TPS functional classes. We discuss in detail the specific regulatory networks identified in various bacterial species and emphasize the importance of understanding the context-dependent regulation of TPS systems. Several regulatory cues reflecting host environment during infection, such as temperature and iron availability, are common determinants of expression for TPS systems, even across relatively distant species. These common regulatory pathways often affect TPS systems across subfamilies with different effector functions, representing conserved global infection-related regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Trouillon
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS UMR 5075, Team Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, Grenoble, France
| | - Ina Attrée
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS UMR 5075, Team Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvie Elsen
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS UMR 5075, Team Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, Grenoble, France
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4
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Nguyen VH, Wemheuer B, Song W, Bennett H, Palladino G, Burgsdorf I, Sizikov S, Steindler L, Webster NS, Thomas T. Functional characterization and taxonomic classification of novel gammaproteobacterial diversity in sponges. Syst Appl Microbiol 2023; 46:126401. [PMID: 36774720 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2023.126401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Sponges harbour exceptionally diverse microbial communities, whose members are largely uncultured. The class Gammaproteobacteria often dominates the microbial communities of various sponge species, but most of its diversity remains functional and taxonomically uncharacterised. Here we reconstructed and characterised 32 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) derived from three sponge species. These MAGs represent ten novel species and belong to seven orders, of which one is new. We propose nomenclature for all these taxa. These new species comprise sponge-specific bacteria with varying levels of host specificity. Functional gene profiling highlights significant differences in metabolic capabilities across the ten species, though each also often exhibited a large degree of metabolic diversity involving various nitrogen- and sulfur-based compounds. The genomic features of the ten species suggest they have evolved to form symbiotic interaction with their hosts or are well-adapted to survive within the sponge environment. These Gammaproteobacteria are proposed to scavenge substrates from the host environment, including metabolites or cellular components of the sponge. Their diverse metabolic capabilities may allow for efficient cycling of organic matter in the sponge environment, potentially to the benefit of the host and other symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet Hung Nguyen
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bernd Wemheuer
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Weizhi Song
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Holly Bennett
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Giorgia Palladino
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Nicole S Webster
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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5
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Pmorf0222, a Virulence Factor in Pasteurella multocida, Activates Nuclear Factor Kappa B and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase via Toll-Like Receptor 1/2. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0019322. [PMID: 36541752 PMCID: PMC9872710 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00193-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida primarily causes hemorrhagic septicemia and pneumonia in poultry and livestock. Identification of the relevant virulence factors is therefore essential for understanding its pathogenicity. Pmorf0222, encoding the PM0222 protein, is located on a specific prophage island of the pathogenic strain C48-1 of P. multocida. Its role in the pathogenesis of P. multocida infection is still unknown. The proinflammatory cytokine plays an important role in P. multocida infection; therefore, murine peritoneal exudate macrophages were treated with the purified recombinant PM0222, which induced the secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) via the Toll-like receptor 1/2 (TLR1/2)-nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and inflammasome activation. Additionally, the mutant strain and complemented strain were evaluated in the mouse model with P. multocida infection, and PM0222 was identified as a virulence factor, which was secreted by outer membrane vesicles of P. multocida. Further results revealed that Pmorf0222 affected the synthesis of the capsule, adhesion, serum sensitivity, and biofilm formation. Thus, we identified Pmorf0222 as a novel virulence factor in the C48-1 strain of P. multocida, explaining the high pathogenicity of this pathogenic strain.
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6
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Patiño P, Gallego C, Martínez N, Rey A, Iregui C. Intranasal instillation of Pasteurella multocida lipopolysaccharide in rabbits causes interstitial lung damage. Res Vet Sci 2022; 152:115-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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7
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Targeting the ATP synthase in bacterial and fungal pathogens – beyond Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2022; 29:29-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2022.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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8
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Goncheva MI, Chin D, Heinrichs DE. Nucleotide biosynthesis: the base of bacterial pathogenesis. Trends Microbiol 2022; 30:793-804. [PMID: 35074276 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Most free-living organisms require the synthesis and/or acquisition of purines and pyrimidines, which form the basis of nucleotides, to survive. In most bacteria, the nucleotides are synthesized de novo and the products are used in many cell functions, including DNA replication, energy storage, and as signaling molecules. Due to their central role in the metabolism of bacteria, both nucleotide biosynthesis pathways have strong links with the virulence of opportunistic and bona fide bacterial pathogens. Recent findings have established a new, shared link in the control of nucleotide biosynthesis and the production of virulence factors. Furthermore, targeting of these pathways forms the basis of interspecies competition and can provide an open source for new antimicrobial compounds. Here, we highlight the contribution of nucleotide biosynthesis to bacterial pathogenesis in a plethora of different diseases and speculate on how they can be targeted by intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya I Goncheva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1
| | - Denny Chin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1
| | - David E Heinrichs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1.
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9
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Bossé JT, Li Y, Leanse LG, Zhou L, Chaudhuri RR, Peters SE, Wang J, Maglennon GA, Holden MTG, Maskell DJ, Tucker AW, Wren BW, Rycroft AN, Langford PR. Rationally designed mariner vectors for functional genomic analysis of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and other Pasteurellaceae species by transposon-directed insertion-site sequencing (TraDIS). ANIMAL DISEASES 2021; 1:29. [PMID: 34870287 PMCID: PMC8616859 DOI: 10.1186/s44149-021-00026-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive identification of conditionally essential genes requires efficient tools for generating high-density transposon libraries that, ideally, can be analysed using next-generation sequencing methods such as Transposon Directed Insertion-site Sequencing (TraDIS). The Himar1 (mariner) transposon is ideal for generating near-saturating mutant libraries, especially in AT-rich chromosomes, as the requirement for integration is a TA dinucleotide, and this transposon has been used for mutagenesis of a wide variety of bacteria. However, plasmids for mariner delivery do not necessarily work well in all bacteria. In particular, there are limited tools for functional genomic analysis of Pasteurellaceae species of major veterinary importance, such as swine and cattle pathogens, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida, respectively. Here, we developed plasmids, pTsodCPC9 and pTlacPC9 (differing only in the promoter driving expression of the transposase gene), that allow delivery of mariner into both these pathogens, but which should also be applicable to a wider range of bacteria. Using the pTlacPC9 vector, we have generated, for the first time, saturating mariner mutant libraries in both A. pleuropneumoniae and P. multocida that showed a near random distribution of insertions around the respective chromosomes as detected by TraDIS. A preliminary screen of 5000 mutants each identified 8 and 14 genes, respectively, that are required for growth under anaerobic conditions. Future high-throughput screening of the generated libraries will facilitate identification of mutants required for growth under different conditions, including in vivo, highlighting key virulence factors and pathways that can be exploited for development of novel therapeutics and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine T Bossé
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, UK
| | - Yanwen Li
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, UK
| | - Leon G Leanse
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, UK.,Present Address: Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Liqing Zhou
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, UK.,Present Address: The Applied Diagnostic Research and Evaluation Unit, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Roy R Chaudhuri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Present Address: Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sarah E Peters
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jinhong Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gareth A Maglennon
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - Matthew T G Holden
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.,Present Address: School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Duncan J Maskell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Present Address: The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria Australia
| | - Alexander W Tucker
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Brendan W Wren
- Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Andrew N Rycroft
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - Paul R Langford
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, UK
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10
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Blaschke U, Skiebe E, Wilharm G. Novel Genes Required for Surface-Associated Motility in Acinetobacter baumannii. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:1509-1528. [PMID: 33666749 PMCID: PMC7997844 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02407-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic and increasingly multi-drug resistant human pathogen rated as a critical priority one pathogen for the development of new antibiotics by the WHO in 2017. Despite the lack of flagella, A. baumannii can move along wet surfaces in two different ways: via twitching motility and surface-associated motility. While twitching motility is known to depend on type IV pili, the mechanism of surface-associated motility is poorly understood. In this study, we established a library of 30 A. baumannii ATCC® 17978™ mutants that displayed deficiency in surface-associated motility. By making use of natural competence, we also introduced these mutations into strain 29D2 to differentiate strain-specific versus species-specific effects of mutations. Mutated genes were associated with purine/pyrimidine/folate biosynthesis (e.g. purH, purF, purM, purE), alarmone/stress metabolism (e.g. Ap4A hydrolase), RNA modification/regulation (e.g. methionyl-tRNA synthetase), outer membrane proteins (e.g. ompA), and genes involved in natural competence (comEC). All tested mutants originally identified as motility-deficient in strain ATCC® 17978™ also displayed a motility-deficient phenotype in 29D2. By contrast, further comparative characterization of the mutant sets of both strains regarding pellicle biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, and virulence in the Galleria mellonella infection model revealed numerous strain-specific mutant phenotypes. Our studies highlight the need for comparative analyses to characterize gene functions in A. baumannii and for further studies on the mechanisms underlying surface-associated motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Blaschke
- Robert Koch Institute, Project group P2, Burgstr. 37, 38855, Wernigerode, Germany.
| | - Evelyn Skiebe
- Robert Koch Institute, Project group P2, Burgstr. 37, 38855, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Gottfried Wilharm
- Robert Koch Institute, Project group P2, Burgstr. 37, 38855, Wernigerode, Germany.
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11
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Dao HT, Truong QL, Do VT, Hahn TW. Construction and immunization with double mutant Δ apxIBD Δ pnp forms of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1 and 5. J Vet Sci 2020; 21:e20. [PMID: 32233129 PMCID: PMC7113565 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) causes a form of porcine pleuropneumonia that leads to significant economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. The apxIBD gene is responsible for the secretion of the ApxI and ApxII toxins and the pnp gene is responsible for the adaptation of bacteria to cold temperature and a virulence factor. The apxIBD and pnp genes were deleted successfully from APP serotype 1 and 5 by transconjugation and sucrose counter-selection. The APP1ΔapxIBDΔpnp and APP5ΔapxIBDΔpnp mutants lost hemolytic activity and could not secrete ApxI and ApxII toxins outside the bacteria because both mutants lost the ApxI- and ApxII-secreting proteins by deletion of the apxIBD gene. Besides, the growth of these mutants was defective at low temperatures resulting from the deletion of pnp. The APP1ΔapxIBDΔpnp and APP5ΔapxIBDΔpnp mutants were significantly attenuated compared with wild-type ones. However, mice vaccinated intraperitoneally with APP5ΔapxIBDΔpnp did not provide any protection when challenged with a 10-times 50% lethal dose of virulent homologous (APP5) and heterologous (APP1) bacterial strains, while mice vaccinated with APP1ΔapxIBDΔpnp offered 75% protection against a homologous challenge. The ΔapxIBDΔpnp mutants were significantly attenuated and gave different protection rate against homologous virulent wild-type APP challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoai Thu Dao
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Quang Lam Truong
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Van Tan Do
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Tae Wook Hahn
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
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12
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Varshney R, Varshney R, Chaturvedi VK, Rawat M, Saminathan M, Singh V, Singh R, Sahoo M, Gupta PK. Development of novel iron-regulated Pasteurella multocida B: 2 bacterin and refinement of vaccine quality in terms of minimum variation in particle size and distribution vis-a-vis critical level of iron in media. Microb Pathog 2020; 147:104375. [PMID: 32679244 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To enhance the qualitative bacterial biomass per unit of media and to overcome the limitations of the existing haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) vaccines, a comprehensive study was undertaken encompassing the role of iron on the bacterial biomass of Pasteurella multocida B: 2 to vaccine development. Trypsin digested hydrochloric acid-treated sheep blood (THSB) as a novel iron rich supplement had been devised for the first time for augmenting the qualitative bacterial biomass per unit of media which was evident with growth kinetic study. The higher recovery of iron from THSB became evident via atomic absorbance spectrophotometry. The critical level of iron in the media as well as mode of iron supplementation showed a major impact on the outer membrane protein profile of P. multocida B:2 and variation in droplet size and particle-size distribution of formulated vaccine. Immune response study against iron-regulated bacterin adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide gel in mouse model showed that 3% THSB supplementation of casein sucrose yeast (CSY) not only augmented the growth of P. multocida B:2 significantly but conferred highest pre-challenged ELISA IgG titer and protection against pasteurellosis. Thus, THSB supplementation of CSY can resolve existing up-scaling and immunogenic potential problems of HS vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Varshney
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P, 243122, India; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, FVAS, IAS, RGSC, BHU, Barkachha, Mirzapur, UP, 231001, India
| | - Ritu Varshney
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Chaturvedi
- Division of Biological Products, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P, 243122, India.
| | - Mayank Rawat
- Division of Biological Standardization, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P, 243122, India
| | - M Saminathan
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P, 243122, India
| | - Vidya Singh
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P, 243122, India
| | - Rahul Singh
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P, 243122, India
| | - Monalisa Sahoo
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P, 243122, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Gupta
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P, 243122, India
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13
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Tawab A, Akbar N, Hasssan M, Habib F, Ali A, Rahman M, Jabbar A, Rauf W, Iqbal M. Mass spectrometric analysis of lipid A obtained from the lipopolysaccharide ofPasteurella multocida. RSC Adv 2020; 10:30917-30933. [PMID: 35516050 PMCID: PMC9056370 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05463a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
LC/MS-based variant profiling of lipid A component of endotoxic lipopolysaccharides ofPasteurella multocidatype B:2, a causative agent of haemorrhagic septicaemia in water buffalo and cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Tawab
- Health Biotechnology Division
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE)
- Faisalabad-38000
- Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology NIBGE
| | - Noor Akbar
- Health Biotechnology Division
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE)
- Faisalabad-38000
- Pakistan
| | - Mujtaba Hasssan
- Health Biotechnology Division
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE)
- Faisalabad-38000
- Pakistan
| | - Fazale Habib
- Health Biotechnology Division
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE)
- Faisalabad-38000
- Pakistan
| | - Aamir Ali
- Health Biotechnology Division
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE)
- Faisalabad-38000
- Pakistan
| | - Moazur Rahman
- Health Biotechnology Division
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE)
- Faisalabad-38000
- Pakistan
- School of Biological Sciences
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Health Biotechnology Division
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE)
- Faisalabad-38000
- Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology
| | - Waqar Rauf
- Health Biotechnology Division
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE)
- Faisalabad-38000
- Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Iqbal
- Health Biotechnology Division
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE)
- Faisalabad-38000
- Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology NIBGE
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14
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Bessone FA, Perez MLS, Zielinski G, Dibarbora M, Conde MB, Cappuccio J, Alustiza F. Characterization and comparison of strains of Pasteurella multocida associated with cases of progressive atrophic rhinitis and porcine pneumonia in Argentina. Vet World 2019; 12:434-439. [PMID: 31089314 PMCID: PMC6487256 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.434-439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pasteurella multocida (Pm) is the causative agent of progressive atrophic rhinitis (PAR) and pneumonic pasteurellosis (PN) in pigs. Pm is a member of the porcine respiratory complex responsible for important economic loss in the pig industry. Aim: This study aimed to characterize the Pm strains recovered from clinical cases of PN and PAR and to elucidate the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the strains. Materials and Methods: Sixty strains were characterized molecularly by polymerase chain reaction to determine species-specific gene, capsular type (A or D), and toxin A production. The agar diffusion method was employed to evaluate antibiotic resistance profiles. Results: We found that 65% of strains belonged to capsular type A or D, and 15% of those were positive to toxA gene. The antibiotic susceptibility profiles found were sensitive in decreasing order to: Enrofloxacin, ceftiofur (CTF), ampicillin, tilmicosin (TIL), florfenicol (FFN), spectinomycin (SPC), gentamicin, oxytetracycline (OTC), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMS). Strains were resistant in decreasing order to: Lincomycin (LIN), tylosin (TYL), erythromycin (ERY), TMS, SPC, OTC, FFN, TIL, and CTF. Conclusion: The toxA gene was detected in many Pm isolates from pneumonic lungs. Capsule type A or D was the most frequently found among the collected isolates. LIN, TYL, and ERY are the drugs which showed higher percentages of resistant isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando A. Bessone
- Department of Animal Health, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria, Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juarez, Marcos Juarez, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Maria Laura Soriano Perez
- Department of Animal Health, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria, Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juarez, Marcos Juarez, Cordoba, Argentina; CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Zielinski
- Department of Animal Health, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria, Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juarez, Marcos Juarez, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Marina Dibarbora
- Department of Animal Health, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria, Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juarez, Marcos Juarez, Cordoba, Argentina; CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M. B. Conde
- Department of Animal Health, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria, Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juarez, Marcos Juarez, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Javier Cappuccio
- Department of Animal Health, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria, Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juarez, Marcos Juarez, Cordoba, Argentina; CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabrisio Alustiza
- Department of Animal Health, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria, Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juarez, Marcos Juarez, Cordoba, Argentina
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15
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Li T, Zhang Q, Wang R, Zhang S, Pei J, Li Y, Li L, Zhou R. The roles of flp1 and tadD in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae pilus biosynthesis and pathogenicity. Microb Pathog 2019; 126:310-317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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16
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Abd El-Hamid MI, El-Sayed ME, Ali AR, Abdallah HM, Arnaout MI, El-Mowalid GA. Marjoram extract down-regulates the expression of Pasteurella multocida adhesion, colonization and toxin genes: A potential mechanism for its antimicrobial activity. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 62:101-108. [PMID: 30711039 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Due to the emergence of virulent and antibiotic-resistant microbes, natural antimicrobials from herbal origins have been given more attention as an alternative therapy. This study provides an in vitro research framework to investigate the antibacterial activities of 5 herbal (marjoram, garlic, onion, cinnamon and black seed) oil extracts against 16 multidrug-resistant (MDR) and virulent P. multocida serogroup A isolates recovered from dead and clinically diseased rabbits. Pathogenicity of the screened isolates was further proven experimentally and was verified by PCR analyses of 5 randomly selected virulence genes encoding attachment and colonization proteins (ptfA, pfhA, and omp87), sialidases (nanB) and dermonecrotoxin (toxA). A total of 12 P. multocida isolates were highly pathogenic with the possession of all examined virulence genes, while the other 4 isolates were of lower pathogenicity with expression of the target genes except toxA. In vitro anti-P. multocida activities of the 5 extracts and their synergism rates with 4 antibiotic drugs revealed that marjoram and cinnamon extracts had the highest antibacterial activities and the highest synergism rates against the screened isolates. Pasteurella multocida virulence gene expression profiles were assessed via real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) in response to marjoram extract. The quantitative analyses showed less than five-fold reduction in the targeted virulence genes expression in presence of marjoram extract compared with the control. The findings from this study document a novel molecular inhibitory activity of marjoram against P. multocida multiple virulence genes and provide a proof of concept for its implementation as an alternative candidate for the treatment of pasteurellosis in farm animals in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa I Abd El-Hamid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - M E El-Sayed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Aisha R Ali
- Department of Serology, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - H M Abdallah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Marwa I Arnaout
- Department of Serology, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gamal A El-Mowalid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
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17
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Branching Out: Alterations in Bacterial Physiology and Virulence Due to Branched-Chain Amino Acid Deprivation. mBio 2018; 9:mBio.01188-18. [PMID: 30181248 PMCID: PMC6123439 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01188-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs [Ile, Leu, and Val]) represent important nutrients in bacterial physiology, with roles that range from supporting protein synthesis to signaling and fine-tuning the adaptation to amino acid starvation. In some pathogenic bacteria, the adaptation to amino acid starvation includes induction of virulence gene expression: thus, BCAAs support not only proliferation during infection, but also the evasion of host defenses. The branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs [Ile, Leu, and Val]) represent important nutrients in bacterial physiology, with roles that range from supporting protein synthesis to signaling and fine-tuning the adaptation to amino acid starvation. In some pathogenic bacteria, the adaptation to amino acid starvation includes induction of virulence gene expression: thus, BCAAs support not only proliferation during infection, but also the evasion of host defenses. A body of research has accumulated over the years to describe the multifaceted physiological roles of BCAAs and the mechanisms bacteria use to maintain their intracellular levels. More recent studies have focused on understanding how fluctuations in their intracellular levels impact global regulatory pathways that coordinate the adaptation to nutrient limitation, especially in pathogenic bacteria. In this minireview, we discuss how these studies have refined the individual roles of BCAAs, shed light on how BCAA auxotrophy might promote higher sensitivity to exogenous BCAA levels, and revealed pathogen-specific responses to BCAA deprivation. These advancements improve our understanding of how bacteria meet their nutritional requirements for growth while simultaneously remaining responsive to changes in environmental nutrient availability to promote their survival in a range of environments.
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18
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Oliveira Filho JXD, Morés MAZ, Rebellato R, Kich JD, Cantão ME, Klein CS, Guedes RMC, Coldebella A, Barcellos DESND, Morés N. Pathogenic variability among Pasteurella multocida type A isolates from Brazilian pig farms. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:244. [PMID: 30134904 PMCID: PMC6103967 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1565-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pasteurella multocida type A (PmA) is considered a secondary agent of pneumonia in pigs. The role of PmA as a primary pathogen was investigated by challenging pigs with eight field strains isolated from pneumonia and serositis in six Brazilian states. Eight groups of eight pigs each were intranasally inoculated with different strains of PmA (1.5 mL/nostril of 10e7 CFU/mL). The control group (n = 12) received sterile PBS. The pigs were euthanized by electrocution and necropsied by 5 dpi. Macroscopic lesions were recorded, and swabs and fragments of thoracic and abdominal organs were analyzed by bacteriological and pathological assays. The PmA strains were analyzed for four virulence genes (toxA: toxin; pfhA: adhesion; tbpA and hgbB: iron acquisition) by PCR and sequencing and submitted to multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Results The eight PmA strains were classified as follows: five as highly pathogenic (HP) for causing necrotic bronchopneumonia and diffuse fibrinous pleuritis and pericarditis; one as low pathogenic for causing only focal bronchopneumonia; and two as nonpathogenic because they did not cause injury to any pig. PCR for the gene pfhA was positive for all five HP isolates. Sequencing demonstrated that the pfhA region of the HP strains comprised four genes: tpsB1, pfhA1, tpsB2 and pfhA2. The low and nonpathogenic strains did not contain the genes tpsB2 and pfhA2. A deletion of four bases was observed in the pfhA gene in the low pathogenic strain, and an insertion of 37 kb of phage DNA was observed in the nonpathogenic strains. MLST clustered the HP isolates in one group and the low and nonpathogenic isolates in another. Only the nonpathogenic isolates matched sequence type 10; the other isolates did not match any type available in the MLST database. Conclusions The hypothesis that some PmA strains are primary pathogens and cause disease in pigs without any co-factor was confirmed. The pfhA region, comprising the genes tpsB1, tpsB2, pfhA1 and pfhA2, is related to the pathogenicity of PmA. The HP strains can cause necrotic bronchopneumonia, fibrinous pleuritis and pericarditis in pigs and can be identified by PCR amplification of the gene pfhA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Xavier de Oliveira Filho
- Department of Animal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Agronomia, Av Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Rebellato
- Embrapa Suinos e Aves, P.O. Box 121, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, 89700-000, Brazil
| | - Jalusa Deon Kich
- Embrapa Suinos e Aves, P.O. Box 121, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, 89700-000, Brazil.
| | | | - Catia Silene Klein
- Embrapa Suinos e Aves, P.O. Box 121, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, 89700-000, Brazil
| | | | - Arlei Coldebella
- Embrapa Suinos e Aves, P.O. Box 121, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, 89700-000, Brazil
| | - David Emílio Santos Neves de Barcellos
- Department of Animal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Agronomia, Av Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Nelson Morés
- Embrapa Suinos e Aves, P.O. Box 121, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, 89700-000, Brazil
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19
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Chung HY, Lee B, Na EJ, Lee KH, Ryu S, Yoon H, Lee JH, Kim HB, Kim H, Jeong HG, Kim BS, Choi SH. Potential Survival and Pathogenesis of a Novel Strain, Vibrio parahaemolyticus FORC_022, Isolated From a Soy Sauce Marinated Crab by Genome and Transcriptome Analyses. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1504. [PMID: 30034383 PMCID: PMC6043650 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus can cause gastrointestinal illness through consumption of seafood. Despite frequent food-borne outbreaks of V. parahaemolyticus, only 19 strains have subjected to complete whole-genome analysis. In this study, a novel strain of V. parahaemolyticus, designated FORC_022 (Food-borne pathogen Omics Research Center_022), was isolated from soy sauce marinated crabs, and its genome and transcriptome were analyzed to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms. FORC_022 did not include major virulence factors of thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and TDH-related hemolysin (trh). However, FORC_022 showed high cytotoxicity and had several V. parahaemolyticus islands (VPaIs) and other virulence factors, such as various secretion systems (types I, II, III, IV, and VI), in comparative genome analysis with CDC_K4557 (the most similar strain) and RIMD2210633 (genome island marker strain). FORC_022 harbored additional virulence genes, including accessory cholera enterotoxin, zona occludens toxin, and tight adhesion (tad) locus, compared with CDC_K4557. In addition, O3 serotype specific gene and the marker gene of pandemic O3:K6 serotype (toxRS) were detected in FORC_022. The expressions levels of genes involved in adherence and carbohydrate transporter were high, whereas those of genes involved in motility, arginine biosynthesis, and proline metabolism were low after exposure to crabs. Moreover, the virulence factors of the type III secretion system, tad locus, and thermolabile hemolysin were overexpressed. Therefore, the risk of foodborne-illness may be high following consumption of FORC_022 contaminated crab. These results provided molecular information regarding the survival and pathogenesis of V. parahaemolyticus FORC_022 strain in contaminated crab and may have applications in food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Y Chung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Food-borne Pathogen Omics Research Center (FORC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byungho Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Food-borne Pathogen Omics Research Center (FORC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun J Na
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Food-borne Pathogen Omics Research Center (FORC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Ho Lee
- Food-borne Pathogen Omics Research Center (FORC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Food-borne Pathogen Omics Research Center (FORC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunjin Yoon
- Food-borne Pathogen Omics Research Center (FORC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Applied Chemistry & Biological Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Ju-Hoon Lee
- Food-borne Pathogen Omics Research Center (FORC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Hyeun B Kim
- Food-borne Pathogen Omics Research Center (FORC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Heebal Kim
- Food-borne Pathogen Omics Research Center (FORC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee G Jeong
- Food-borne Pathogen Omics Research Center (FORC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Bong-Soo Kim
- Food-borne Pathogen Omics Research Center (FORC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Life Science, Multidisciplinary Genome Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Sang H Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Food-borne Pathogen Omics Research Center (FORC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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20
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Gulliver EL, Wright A, Lucas DD, Mégroz M, Kleifeld O, Schittenhelm RB, Powell DR, Seemann T, Bulitta JB, Harper M, Boyce JD. Determination of the small RNA GcvB regulon in the Gram-negative bacterial pathogen Pasteurella multocida and identification of the GcvB seed binding region. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 24:704-720. [PMID: 29440476 PMCID: PMC5900567 DOI: 10.1261/rna.063248.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida is a Gram-negative bacterium responsible for many important animal diseases. While a number of P. multocida virulence factors have been identified, very little is known about how gene expression and protein production is regulated in this organism. Small RNA (sRNA) molecules are critical regulators that act by binding to specific mRNA targets, often in association with the RNA chaperone protein Hfq. In this study, transcriptomic analysis of the P. multocida strain VP161 revealed a putative sRNA with high identity to GcvB from Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. High-throughput quantitative liquid proteomics was used to compare the proteomes of the P. multocida VP161 wild-type strain, a gcvB mutant, and a GcvB overexpression strain. These analyses identified 46 proteins that displayed significant differential production after inactivation of gcvB, 36 of which showed increased production. Of the 36 proteins that were repressed by GcvB, 27 were predicted to be involved in amino acid biosynthesis or transport. Bioinformatic analyses of putative P. multocida GcvB target mRNAs identified a strongly conserved 10 nucleotide consensus sequence, 5'-AACACAACAT-3', with the central eight nucleotides identical to the seed binding region present within GcvB mRNA targets in E. coli and S. Typhimurium. Using a defined set of seed region mutants, together with a two-plasmid reporter system that allowed for quantification of sRNA-mRNA interactions, this sequence was confirmed to be critical for the binding of the P. multocida GcvB to the target mRNA, gltA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Gulliver
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Amy Wright
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Deanna Deveson Lucas
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Marianne Mégroz
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Oded Kleifeld
- Monash Biomedical Proteomics Facility, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ralf B Schittenhelm
- Monash Biomedical Proteomics Facility, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - David R Powell
- Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Torsten Seemann
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Victorian Life Sciences Computation Initiative, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jürgen B Bulitta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida 32827, USA
| | - Marina Harper
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - John D Boyce
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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21
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Pu M, Rowe-Magnus DA. A Tad pilus promotes the establishment and resistance of Vibrio vulnificus biofilms to mechanical clearance. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2018; 4:10. [PMID: 29707230 PMCID: PMC5913241 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-018-0052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus is autochthonous to estuaries and warm coastal waters. Infection occurs via open wounds or ingestion, where its asymptomatic colonization of seafood, most infamously oysters, provides a gateway into the human food chain. Colonization begins with initial surface contact, which is often mediated by bacterial surface appendages called pili. Type IV Tad pili are widely distributed in the Vibrionaceae, but evidence for a physiological role for these structures is scant. The V. vulnificus genome codes for three distinct tad loci. Recently, a positive correlation was demonstrated between the expression of tad-3 and the phenotypes of a V. vulnificus descendent (NT) that exhibited increased biofilm formation, auto-aggregation, and oyster colonization relative to its parent. However, the mechanism by which tad pilus expression promoted these phenotypes was not determined. Here, we show that deletion of the tad pilin gene (flp) altered the near-surface motility profile of NT cells from high curvature, orbital retracing patterns characteristic of cells actively probing the surface to low curvature traces indicative of wandering and diminished bacteria-surface interactions. The NT flp pilin mutant also exhibited decreased initial surface attachment, attenuated auto-aggregation and formed fragile biofilms that disintegrated under hydrodynamic flow. Thus, the tad-3 locus, designated iam, promoted initial surface attachment, auto-aggregation and resistance to mechanical clearance of V. vulnificus biofilms. The prevalence of tad loci in the Vibrionaceae suggests that they may play equally important roles in other family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Pu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University of Bloomington, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Dean Allistair Rowe-Magnus
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University of Bloomington, Bloomington, IN USA
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN USA
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22
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Rosa LT, Bianconi ME, Thomas GH, Kelly DJ. Tripartite ATP-Independent Periplasmic (TRAP) Transporters and Tripartite Tricarboxylate Transporters (TTT): From Uptake to Pathogenicity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:33. [PMID: 29479520 PMCID: PMC5812351 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to efficiently scavenge nutrients in the host is essential for the viability of any pathogen. All catabolic pathways must begin with the transport of substrate from the environment through the cytoplasmic membrane, a role executed by membrane transporters. Although several classes of cytoplasmic membrane transporters are described, high-affinity uptake of substrates occurs through Solute Binding-Protein (SBP) dependent systems. Three families of SBP dependant transporters are known; the primary ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, and the secondary Tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic (TRAP) transporters and Tripartite Tricarboxylate Transporters (TTT). Far less well understood than the ABC family, the TRAP transporters are found to be abundant among bacteria from marine environments, and the TTT transporters are the most abundant family of proteins in many species of β-proteobacteria. In this review, recent knowledge about these families is covered, with emphasis on their physiological and structural mechanisms, relating to several examples of relevant uptake systems in pathogenicity and colonization, using the SiaPQM sialic acid uptake system from Haemophilus influenzae and the TctCBA citrate uptake system of Salmonella typhimurium as the prototypes for the TRAP and TTT transporters, respectively. High-throughput analysis of SBPs has recently expanded considerably the range of putative substrates known for TRAP transporters, while the repertoire for the TTT family has yet to be fully explored but both types of systems most commonly transport carboxylates. Specialized spectroscopic techniques and site-directed mutagenesis have enriched our knowledge of the way TRAP binding proteins capture their substrate, while structural comparisons show conserved regions for substrate coordination in both families. Genomic and protein sequence analyses show TTT SBP genes are strikingly overrepresented in some bacteria, especially in the β-proteobacteria and some α-proteobacteria. The reasons for this are not clear but might be related to a role for these proteins in signaling rather than transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo T Rosa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Matheus E Bianconi
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin H Thomas
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - David J Kelly
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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23
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Pu M, Duriez P, Arazi M, Rowe-Magnus DA. A conserved tad pilus promotesVibrio vulnificusoyster colonization. Environ Microbiol 2017; 20:828-841. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Pu
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry; Indiana University Bloomington; IN USA
| | - Patrick Duriez
- Department of Biology and Indiana University Bloomington; IN USA
| | - Mattan Arazi
- Department of Biology and Indiana University Bloomington; IN USA
| | - Dean A. Rowe-Magnus
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry; Indiana University Bloomington; IN USA
- Department of Biology and Indiana University Bloomington; IN USA
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24
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Zhang X, de Maat V, Guzmán Prieto AM, Prajsnar TK, Bayjanov JR, de Been M, Rogers MRC, Bonten MJM, Mesnage S, Willems RJL, van Schaik W. RNA-seq and Tn-seq reveal fitness determinants of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium during growth in human serum. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:893. [PMID: 29162049 PMCID: PMC5699109 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4299-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Gram-positive bacterium Enterococcus faecium is a commensal of the human gastrointestinal tract and a frequent cause of bloodstream infections in hospitalized patients. The mechanisms by which E. faecium can survive and grow in blood during an infection have not yet been characterized. Here, we identify genes that contribute to growth of E. faecium in human serum through transcriptome profiling (RNA-seq) and a high-throughput transposon mutant library sequencing approach (Tn-seq). Results We first sequenced the genome of E. faecium E745, a vancomycin-resistant clinical isolate, using a combination of short- and long read sequencing, revealing a 2,765,010 nt chromosome and 6 plasmids, with sizes ranging between 9.3 kbp and 223.7 kbp. We then compared the transcriptome of E. faecium E745 during exponential growth in rich medium and in human serum by RNA-seq. This analysis revealed that 27.8% of genes on the E. faecium E745 genome were differentially expressed in these two conditions. A gene cluster with a role in purine biosynthesis was among the most upregulated genes in E. faecium E745 upon growth in serum. The E. faecium E745 transposon mutant library was then used to identify genes that were specifically required for growth of E. faecium in serum. Genes involved in de novo nucleotide biosynthesis (including pyrK_2, pyrF, purD, purH) and a gene encoding a phosphotransferase system subunit (manY_2) were thus identified to be contributing to E. faecium growth in human serum. Transposon mutants in pyrK_2, pyrF, purD, purH and manY_2 were isolated from the library and their impaired growth in human serum was confirmed. In addition, the pyrK_2 and manY_2 mutants were tested for their virulence in an intravenous zebrafish infection model and exhibited significantly attenuated virulence compared to E. faecium E745. Conclusions Genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and nucleotide biosynthesis of E. faecium are essential for growth in human serum and contribute to the pathogenesis of this organism. These genes may serve as targets for the development of novel anti-infectives for the treatment of E. faecium bloodstream infections. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4299-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglin Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent de Maat
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ana M Guzmán Prieto
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tomasz K Prajsnar
- Krebs Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Jumamurat R Bayjanov
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mark de Been
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Malbert R C Rogers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marc J M Bonten
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Stéphane Mesnage
- Krebs Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Rob J L Willems
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Willem van Schaik
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands. .,Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
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Emery BDD, Furian TQ, Pilatti RM, Chitolina GZ, Borges KA, Salle CT, Moraes HL. Evaluation of the biofilm formation capacity of Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from cases of fowl cholera and swine lungs and its relationship with pathogenicity. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2017001000001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Pasteurella multocida is a Gram-negative bacillus that causes economic losses due to the development of respiratory diseases in several animal species. Among the mechanisms of virulence, the formation of biofilms is an important factor for bacterial survival in hostile environments. Studies of biofilm formation by P. multocida are needed because P. multocida is an important pathogen involved in respiratory infections. However, in contrast to other microorganisms, few studies of biofilm formation have examined P. multocida. Studies comparing the pathogenicity of microbial strains as a function of their biofilm production capacity are also rare. Consequently, the aim of this study was to evaluate the biofilm formation capacity of 94 P. multocida strains isolated from cases of fowl cholera and from swine lungs on polystyrene plates. The associations of the biofilm formation capacity with the pathogenicity index (PI) in vivo and with the presence of four genes (screened by PCR) of the tad locus (tadB, tadD, tadE and tadG), described as adhesion markers, were also determined. Strains from both animal origins were able to form biofilms. However, most of the specimens (52.13%) were classified as weak producers, and more than 40% of the strains of P. multocida (40.42%) did not produce biofilms. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the degree of biofilm production between the two sources of isolation. Of the analyzed strains, 56.52% contained all four genes (tadB, tadD, tadE and tadG). The PI arithmetic mean of the strains classified as non-biofilm producers was significantly different (p<0.05) from the PI of moderate-producer strains. The PI of specimens classified as weak biofilm producers also differed significantly (p<0.05) from that of the moderate-producer strains. The results indicate that even though the P. multocida strains isolated from cases of fowl cholera and swine lungs formed biofilms on polystyrene surfaces, adhesion was usually weak. The genes tadB, tadD, tadE and tadG were not significantly associated (p>0.05) with the production of biofilms and with the origin of a given strain. Finally, low virulence strains may suggest a higher biofilm formation capacity on polystyrene plates.
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Harper M, Boyce JD. The Myriad Properties of Pasteurella multocida Lipopolysaccharide. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9080254. [PMID: 28825691 PMCID: PMC5577588 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9080254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida is a heterogeneous species that is a primary pathogen of many different vertebrates. This Gram-negative bacterium can cause a range of diseases, including fowl cholera in birds, haemorrhagic septicaemia in ungulates, atrophic rhinitis in swine, and lower respiratory tract infections in cattle and pigs. One of the primary virulence factors of P. multocida is lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Recent work has shown that this crucial surface molecule shows significant structural variability across different P. multocida strains, with many producing LPS structures that are highly similar to the carbohydrate component of host glycoproteins. It is likely that this LPS mimicry of host molecules plays a major role in the survival of P. multocida in certain host niches. P. multocida LPS also plays a significant role in resisting the action of chicken cathelicidins, and is a strong stimulator of host immune responses. The inflammatory response to the endotoxic lipid A component is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of certain infections. Recent work has shown that vaccines containing killed bacteria give protection only against other strains with identical, or nearly identical, surface LPS structures. Conversely, live attenuated vaccines give protection that is broadly protective, and their efficacy is independent of LPS structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Harper
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - John Dallas Boyce
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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Sialic acid acquisition in bacteria-one substrate, many transporters. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 44:760-5. [PMID: 27284039 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The sialic acids are a family of 9-carbon sugar acids found predominantly on the cell-surface glycans of humans and other animals within the Deuterostomes and are also used in the biology of a wide range of bacteria that often live in association with these animals. For many bacteria sialic acids are simply a convenient source of food, whereas for some pathogens they are also used in immune evasion strategies. Many bacteria that use sialic acids derive them from the environment and so are dependent on sialic acid uptake. In this mini-review I will describe the discovery and characterization of bacterial sialic acids transporters, revealing that they have evolved multiple times across multiple diverse families of transporters, including the ATP-binding cassette (ABC), tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic (TRAP), major facilitator superfamily (MFS) and sodium solute symporter (SSS) transporter families. In addition there is evidence for protein-mediated transport of sialic acids across the outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria, which can be coupled to periplasmic processing of different sialic acids to the most common form, β-D-N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) that is most frequently taken up into the cell.
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Guérin J, Bigot S, Schneider R, Buchanan SK, Jacob-Dubuisson F. Two-Partner Secretion: Combining Efficiency and Simplicity in the Secretion of Large Proteins for Bacteria-Host and Bacteria-Bacteria Interactions. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:148. [PMID: 28536673 PMCID: PMC5422565 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Initially identified in pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria, the two-partner secretion (TPS) pathway, also known as Type Vb secretion, mediates the translocation across the outer membrane of large effector proteins involved in interactions between these pathogens and their hosts. More recently, distinct TPS systems have been shown to secrete toxic effector domains that participate in inter-bacterial competition or cooperation. The effects of these systems are based on kin vs. non-kin molecular recognition mediated by specific immunity proteins. With these new toxin-antitoxin systems, the range of TPS effector functions has thus been extended from cytolysis, adhesion, and iron acquisition, to genome maintenance, inter-bacterial killing and inter-bacterial signaling. Basically, a TPS system is made up of two proteins, the secreted TpsA effector protein and its TpsB partner transporter, with possible additional factors such as immunity proteins for protection against cognate toxic effectors. Structural studies have indicated that TpsA proteins mainly form elongated β helices that may be followed by specific functional domains. TpsB proteins belong to the Omp85 superfamily. Open questions remain on the mechanism of protein secretion in the absence of ATP or an electrochemical gradient across the outer membrane. The remarkable dynamics of the TpsB transporters and the progressive folding of their TpsA partners at the bacterial surface in the course of translocation are thought to be key elements driving the secretion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Guérin
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarah Bigot
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique UMR 5086-Université Lyon 1, Institute of Biology and Chemistry of ProteinsLyon, France
| | - Robert Schneider
- NMR and Molecular Interactions, Université de Lille, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8576-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et FonctionnelleLille, France
| | - Susan K Buchanan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD, USA
| | - Françoise Jacob-Dubuisson
- Université de Lille, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 8204-Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de LilleLille, France
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Saavedra JT, Schwartzman JA, Gilmore MS. Mapping Transposon Insertions in Bacterial Genomes by Arbitrarily Primed PCR. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 118:15.15.1-15.15.15. [PMID: 28369678 PMCID: PMC5679462 DOI: 10.1002/cpmb.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Transposons can be used to easily generate and label the location of mutations throughout bacterial and other genomes. Transposon insertion mutants may be screened for a phenotype as individual isolates, or by selection applied to a pool of thousands of mutants. Identifying the location of a transposon insertion is critical for connecting phenotype to the genetic lesion. In this unit, we present an easy and detailed approach for mapping transposon insertion sites using arbitrarily-primed PCR (AP-PCR). Two rounds of PCR are used to (1) amplify DNA spanning the transposon insertion junction, and (2) increase the specific yield of transposon insertion junction fragments for sequence analysis. The resulting sequence is mapped to a bacterial genome to identify the site of transposon insertion. In this protocol, AP-PCR as it is routinely used to map sites of transposon insertion within Staphylococcus aureus, is used to illustrate the principle. Guidelines are provided for adapting this protocol for mapping insertions in other bacterial genomes. Mapping transposon insertions using this method is typically achieved in 2 to 3 days if starting from a culture of the transposon insertion mutant. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- José T Saavedra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julia A Schwartzman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Ophthalmology, and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Michael S Gilmore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Ophthalmology, and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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AKONDI SIVARAMAKRISHNA, ARORA AK, SHARMA NS. Studies on expression of different virulence genes of Pasteurella multocida. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v87i2.67687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida is the causative agent of a wide range of diseases in avian and mammalian hosts. Different adhesin and membrane proteins play role in the pathogenesis of the disease. In the present study, the relative expression of 5 different virulence genes (plpE, ptfA, tbpA, hgbA and fhaB1) from Pasteurella multocida B:2 grown in iron rich and iron limiting media was measured using real time PCR employing SYBR green chemistry. The expression of tbpA, hgbA, plpE and fhaB1 was found to be significantly upregulated by 4, 2.3, 1.3, 2.3 folds, respectively, under iron limiting conditions. In contrast, the expression of gene ptfA was significantly down regulated (0.4 fold) as compared to organism grown in normal medium.
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Insights into Campylobacter jejuni colonization and enteritis using a novel infant rabbit model. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28737. [PMID: 27357336 PMCID: PMC4928045 DOI: 10.1038/srep28737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A lack of relevant disease models for Campylobacter jejuni has long been an obstacle to research into this common enteric pathogen. Here we used an infant rabbit to study C. jejuni infection, which enables us to define several previously unknown but key features of the organism. C. jejuni is capable of systemic invasion in the rabbit, and developed a diarrhea symptom that mimicked that observed in many human campylobacteriosis. The large intestine was the most consistently colonized site and produced intestinal inflammation, where specific cytokines were induced. Genes preferentially expressed during C. jejuni infection were screened, and acs, cj1385, cj0259 seem to be responsible for C. jejuni invasion. Our results demonstrates that the infant rabbit can be used as an alternative experimental model for the study of diarrheagenic Campylobacter species and will be useful in exploring the pathogenesis of other related pathogens.
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The RNA-Binding Chaperone Hfq Is an Important Global Regulator of Gene Expression in Pasteurella multocida and Plays a Crucial Role in Production of a Number of Virulence Factors, Including Hyaluronic Acid Capsule. Infect Immun 2016; 84:1361-1370. [PMID: 26883595 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00122-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterium Pasteurella multocida is the causative agent of a number of economically important animal diseases, including avian fowl cholera. Numerous P. multocida virulence factors have been identified, including capsule, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and filamentous hemagglutinin, but little is known about how the expression of these virulence factors is regulated. Hfq is an RNA-binding protein that facilitates riboregulation via interaction with small noncoding RNA (sRNA) molecules and their mRNA targets. Here, we show that a P. multocida hfq mutant produces significantly less hyaluronic acid capsule during all growth phases and displays reduced in vivo fitness. Transcriptional and proteomic analyses of the hfq mutant during mid-exponential-phase growth revealed altered transcript levels for 128 genes and altered protein levels for 78 proteins. Further proteomic analyses of the hfq mutant during the early exponential growth phase identified 106 proteins that were produced at altered levels. Both the transcript and protein levels for genes/proteins involved in capsule biosynthesis were reduced in the hfq mutant, as were the levels of the filamentous hemagglutinin protein PfhB2 and its secretion partner LspB2. In contrast, there were increased expression levels of three LPS biosynthesis genes, encoding proteins involved in phosphocholine and phosphoethanolamine addition to LPS, suggesting that these genes are negatively regulated by Hfq-dependent mechanisms. Taken together, these data provide the first evidence that Hfq plays a crucial role in regulating the global expression of P. multocida genes, including the regulation of key P. multocida virulence factors, capsule, LPS, and filamentous hemagglutinin.
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Genome sequencing of a virulent avian Pasteurella multocida strain GX-Pm reveals the candidate genes involved in the pathogenesis. Res Vet Sci 2016; 105:23-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bujold AR, MacInnes JI. Identification of putative adhesins of Actinobacillus suis and their homologues in other members of the family Pasteurellaceae. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:675. [PMID: 26567540 PMCID: PMC4644294 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1659-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Actinobacillus suis disease has been reported in a wide range of vertebrate species, but is most commonly found in swine. A. suis is a commensal of the tonsils of the soft palate of swine, but in the presence of unknown stimuli it can invade the bloodstream, causing septicaemia and sequelae such as meningitis, arthritis, and death. It is genotypically and phenotypically similar to A. pleuropneumoniae, the causative agent of pleuropneumonia, and to other members of the family Pasteurellaceae that colonise tonsils. At present, very little is known about the genes involved in attachment, colonisation, and invasion by A. suis (or related members of the tonsil microbiota). Results Bioinformatic analyses of the A. suis H91-0380 genome were done using BASys and blastx in GenBank. Forty-seven putative adhesin-associated genes predicted to encode 24 putative adhesins were discovered. Among these are 6 autotransporters, 25 fimbriae-associated genes (encoding 3 adhesins), 12 outer membrane proteins, and 4 additional genes (encoding 3 adhesins). With the exception of 2 autotransporter-encoding genes (aidA and ycgV), both with described roles in virulence in other species, all of the putative adhesin-associated genes had homologues in A. pleuropneumoniae. However, the majority of the closest homologues of the A. suis adhesins are found in A. ureae and A. capsulatus—species not known to infect swine, but both of which can cause systemic infections. Conclusions A. suis and A. pleuropneumoniae share many of the same putative adhesins, suggesting that the different diseases, tissue tropism, and host range of these pathogens are due to subtle genetic differences, or perhaps differential expression of virulence factors during infection. However, many of the putative adhesins of A. suis share even greater homology with those of other pathogens within the family Pasteurellaceae. Similar to A. suis, these pathogens (A. capsulatus and A. ureae) cause systemic infections and it is tempting to speculate that they employ similar strategies to invade the host, but more work is needed before that assertion can be made. This work begins to examine adhesin-associated factors that allow some members of the family Pasteurellaceae to invade the bloodstream while others cause a more localised infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-015-1659-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina R Bujold
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Janet I MacInnes
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Pan H, Xu J, Kweon OG, Zou W, Feng J, He GX, Cerniglia CE, Chen H. Differential gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus exposed to Orange II and Sudan III azo dyes. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 42:745-57. [PMID: 25720844 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-015-1599-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated the effects of azo dyes and their reduction metabolites on bacterial cell growth and cell viability. In this report, the effects of Orange II and Sudan III on gene expression profiling in Staphylococcus aureus ATCC BAA 1556 were analyzed using microarray and quantitative RT-PCR technology. Upon exposure to 6 μg/ml Orange II for 18 h, 21 genes were found to be differently expressed. Among them, 8 and 13 genes were up- and down-regulated, respectively. Most proteins encoded by these differentially expressed genes involve stress response caused by drug metabolism, oxidation, and alkaline shock indicating that S. aureus could adapt to Orange II exposure through a balance between up and down regulated gene expression. Whereas, after exposure to 6 μg/ml Sudan III for 18 h, 57 genes were differentially expressed. In which, 51 genes were up-regulated and 6 were down-regulated. Most proteins encoded by these differentially expressed genes involve in cell wall/membrane biogenesis and biosynthesis, nutrient uptake, transport and metabolite, and stress response, suggesting that Sudan III damages the bacterial cell wall or/and membrane due to binding of the dye. Further analysis indicated that all differentially expressed genes encoded membrane proteins were up-regulated and most of them serve as transporters. The result suggested that these genes might contribute to survival, persistence and growth in the presence of Sudan III. Only one gene msrA, which plays an important role in oxidative stress resistance, was found to be down-regulated after exposure to both Orange II and Sudan III. The present results suggested that both these two azo dyes can cause stress in S. aureus and the response of the bacterium to the stress is mainly related to characteristics of the azo dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmiao Pan
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR, 72079-9502, USA
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Distribution of the ompA-types among ruminant and swine pneumonic strains of Pasteurella multocida exhibiting various cap-locus and toxA patterns. Microbiol Res 2015; 174:1-8. [PMID: 25946323 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida is an important pathogen in food-producing animals and numerous virulence genes have been identified in an attempt to elucidate the pathogenesis of pasteurellosis. Currently, some of these genes including the capsule biosynthesis genes, the toxA and the OMPs-encoding genes have been suggested as epidemiological markers. However, the number of studies concerning ruminant isolates is limited, while, no attempt has ever been made to investigate the existence of ompA sequence diversity among P. multocida isolates. The aim of the present study was the comparative analysis of 144 P. multocida pneumonic isolates obtained from sheep, goats, cattle and pigs by determining the distribution of the ompA-types in conjunction with the cap-locus and toxA patterns. The ompA genotypes of the isolates were determined using both a PCR-RFLP method and DNA sequence analysis. The most prevalent capsule biosynthesis gene among the isolates was capA (86.1%); a noticeable, however, rate of capD-positive isolates (38.6%) was found among the ovine isolates that had been associated primarily with the capsule type A in the past. Moreover, an unexpectedly high percentage of toxA-positive pneumonic isolates was noticed among small ruminants (93.2% and 85.7% in sheep and goats, respectively), indicating an important epidemiological role of toxigenic P. multocida for these species. Despite their great heterogeneity, certain ompA-genotypes were associated with specific host species, showing evidence of a host preference. The OmpA-based PCR-RFLP method developed proved to be a valuable tool in typing P. multocida strains.
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Abstract
In a world where most emerging and reemerging infectious diseases are zoonotic in nature and our contacts with both domestic and wild animals abound, there is growing awareness of the potential for human acquisition of animal diseases. Like other Pasteurellaceae, Pasteurella species are highly prevalent among animal populations, where they are often found as part of the normal microbiota of the oral, nasopharyngeal, and upper respiratory tracts. Many Pasteurella species are opportunistic pathogens that can cause endemic disease and are associated increasingly with epizootic outbreaks. Zoonotic transmission to humans usually occurs through animal bites or contact with nasal secretions, with P. multocida being the most prevalent isolate observed in human infections. Here we review recent comparative genomics and molecular pathogenesis studies that have advanced our understanding of the multiple virulence mechanisms employed by Pasteurella species to establish acute and chronic infections. We also summarize efforts being explored to enhance our ability to rapidly and accurately identify and distinguish among clinical isolates and to control pasteurellosis by improved development of new vaccines and treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda A Wilson
- Department of Microbiology and Host-Microbe Systems Theme of the Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
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Tseng CW, Kanci A, Citti C, Rosengarten R, Chiu CJ, Chen ZH, Geary SJ, Browning GF, Markham PF. MalF is essential for persistence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in vivo. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2013; 159:1459-1470. [PMID: 23657682 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.067553-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
There is limited understanding of the molecular basis of virulence in the important avian pathogen Mycoplasma gallisepticum. To define genes that may be involved in colonization of chickens, a collection of mutants of the virulent Ap3AS strain of M. gallisepticum were generated by signature-tagged transposon mutagenesis. The collection included mutants with single insertions in the genes encoding the adhesin GapA and the cytadherence-related protein CrmA, and Western blotting confirmed that these mutants did not express these proteins. In two separate in vivo screenings, two GapA-deficient mutants (ST mutants 02-1 and 06-1) were occasionally recovered from birds, suggesting that GapA expression may not always be essential for persistence of strain Ap3AS. CrmA-deficient ST mutant 33-1 colonized birds poorly and had reduced virulence, indicating that CrmA was a significant virulence factor, but was not absolutely essential for colonization. ST mutant 04-1 contained a single transposon insertion in malF, a predicted ABC sugar transport permease, and could not be reisolated even when inoculated by itself into a group of birds, suggesting that expression of MalF was essential for persistence of M. galliseptium strain Ap3AS in infected birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Wen Tseng
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Anna Kanci
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Christine Citti
- Institute of Bacteriology, Mycology and Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.,INRA, ENVT, UMR 1225, 31076 Toulouse, France
| | - Renate Rosengarten
- Institute of Bacteriology, Mycology and Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Chien-Ju Chiu
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Zheng-Hong Chen
- Microbiology Department, Basic Medical College, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PR China
| | - Steven J Geary
- Center of Excellence for Vaccine Research, Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, The University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Glenn F Browning
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Philip F Markham
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Campbell AG, Campbell JH, Schwientek P, Woyke T, Sczyrba A, Allman S, Beall CJ, Griffen A, Leys E, Podar M. Multiple single-cell genomes provide insight into functions of uncultured Deltaproteobacteria in the human oral cavity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59361. [PMID: 23555659 PMCID: PMC3608642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a long history of investigation, many bacteria associated with the human oral cavity have yet to be cultured. Studies that correlate the presence or abundance of uncultured species with oral health or disease highlight the importance of these community members. Thus, we sequenced several single-cell genomic amplicons from Desulfobulbus and Desulfovibrio (class Deltaproteobacteria) to better understand their function within the human oral community and their association with periodontitis, as well as other systemic diseases. Genomic data from oral Desulfobulbus and Desulfovibrio species were compared to other available deltaproteobacterial genomes, including from a subset of host-associated species. While both groups share a large number of genes with other environmental Deltaproteobacteria genomes, they encode a wide array of unique genes that appear to function in survival in a host environment. Many of these genes are similar to virulence and host adaptation factors of known human pathogens, suggesting that the oral Deltaproteobacteria have the potential to play a role in the etiology of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha G. Campbell
- Genome Science and Technology Program, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratories, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - James H. Campbell
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratories, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Patrick Schwientek
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, United States of America
| | - Tanja Woyke
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, United States of America
| | - Alexander Sczyrba
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, United States of America
| | - Steve Allman
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratories, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Clifford J. Beall
- College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ann Griffen
- College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Eugene Leys
- College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mircea Podar
- Genome Science and Technology Program, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratories, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
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40
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Guo D, Lu Y, Zhang A, Liu J, Yuan D, Jiang Q, Lin H, Si C, Qu L. Identification of genes transcribed by Pasteurella multocida in rabbit livers through the selective capture of transcribed sequences. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2012; 331:105-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2012.02559.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dongchun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology; Harbin Veterinary Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS); Harbin; China
| | | | | | - Jiasen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology; Harbin Veterinary Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS); Harbin; China
| | - Dongwei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology; Harbin Veterinary Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS); Harbin; China
| | - Qian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology; Harbin Veterinary Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS); Harbin; China
| | - Huan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology; Harbin Veterinary Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS); Harbin; China
| | - Changde Si
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology; Harbin Veterinary Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS); Harbin; China
| | - Liandong Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology; Harbin Veterinary Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS); Harbin; China
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Wairuri CK, van der Waals JE, van Schalkwyk A, Theron J. Ralstonia solanacearum needs Flp pili for virulence on potato. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2012; 25:546-556. [PMID: 22168446 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-11-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Type IV pili are virulence factors in various bacteria. Several subclasses of type IV pili have been described according to the characteristics of the structural prepilin subunit. Although type IVa pili have been implicated in the virulence of Ralstonia solanacearum, type IVb pili have not previously been described in this plant pathogen. Here, we report the characterization of two distinct tad loci in the R. solanacearum genome. The tad genes encode functions necessary for biogenesis of the Flp subfamily of type IVb pili initially described for the periodontal pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. To determine the role of the tad loci in R. solanacearum virulence, we mutated the tadA2 gene located in the megaplasmid that encodes a predicted NTPase previously reported to function as the energizer for Flp pilus biogenesis. Characterization of the tadA2 mutant revealed that it was not growth impaired in vitro or in planta, produced wild-type levels of exopolysaccharide galactosamine, and exhibited swimming and twitching motility comparable with the wild-type strain. However, the tadA2 mutant was impaired in its ability to cause wilting of potato plants. This is the first report where type IVb pili in a phytopathogenic bacterium contribute significantly to plant pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles K Wairuri
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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Wilkie IW, Harper M, Boyce JD, Adler B. Pasteurella multocida: diseases and pathogenesis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2012; 361:1-22. [PMID: 22643916 DOI: 10.1007/82_2012_216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida is an enigmatic pathogen. It is remarkable both for the number and range of specific disease syndromes with which it is associated, and the wide range of host species affected. The pathogenic mechanisms involved in causing the different syndromes are, for the most part, poorly understood or completely unknown. The biochemical and serological properties of some organisms responsible for quite different syndromes appear to be similar. Thus, the molecular basis for host predilection remains unknown. The recent development of genetic manipulation systems together with the availability of multiple genome sequences should help to explain the association of particular pathological conditions with particular hosts as well as helping to elucidate pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- I W Wilkie
- Department of Microbiology, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Structural and Functional Microbial Genomics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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Harper M, Boyce JD, Adler B. The key surface components of Pasteurella multocida: capsule and lipopolysaccharide. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2012; 361:39-51. [PMID: 22373812 DOI: 10.1007/82_2012_202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The capsule and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Pasteurella multocida constitute the major components of the bacterial cell surface. As well as forming the basis for the most widely used classification systems, they play key roles in a range of interactions between the bacteria and the hosts they colonize or infect. Both polysaccharides are involved in the avoidance of host innate immune mechanisms, such as resistance to phagocytosis, complement-mediated killing, and the bactericidal activity of antimicrobial peptides; they are therefore essential for virulence. In addition, LPS is a major antigen in the stimulation of adaptive immune responses to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Harper
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Structural and Functional Microbial Genomics, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Siddaramappa S, Challacombe JF, Duncan AJ, Gillaspy AF, Carson M, Gipson J, Orvis J, Zaitshik J, Barnes G, Bruce D, Chertkov O, Detter JC, Han CS, Tapia R, Thompson LS, Dyer DW, Inzana TJ. Horizontal gene transfer in Histophilus somni and its role in the evolution of pathogenic strain 2336, as determined by comparative genomic analyses. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:570. [PMID: 22111657 PMCID: PMC3339403 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pneumonia and myocarditis are the most commonly reported diseases due to Histophilus somni, an opportunistic pathogen of the reproductive and respiratory tracts of cattle. Thus far only a few genes involved in metabolic and virulence functions have been identified and characterized in H. somni using traditional methods. Analyses of the genome sequences of several Pasteurellaceae species have provided insights into their biology and evolution. In view of the economic and ecological importance of H. somni, the genome sequence of pneumonia strain 2336 has been determined and compared to that of commensal strain 129Pt and other members of the Pasteurellaceae. RESULTS The chromosome of strain 2336 (2,263,857 bp) contained 1,980 protein coding genes, whereas the chromosome of strain 129Pt (2,007,700 bp) contained only 1,792 protein coding genes. Although the chromosomes of the two strains differ in size, their average GC content, gene density (total number of genes predicted on the chromosome), and percentage of sequence (number of genes) that encodes proteins were similar. The chromosomes of these strains also contained a number of discrete prophage regions and genomic islands. One of the genomic islands in strain 2336 contained genes putatively involved in copper, zinc, and tetracycline resistance. Using the genome sequence data and comparative analyses with other members of the Pasteurellaceae, several H. somni genes that may encode proteins involved in virulence (e.g., filamentous haemaggutinins, adhesins, and polysaccharide biosynthesis/modification enzymes) were identified. The two strains contained a total of 17 ORFs that encode putative glycosyltransferases and some of these ORFs had characteristic simple sequence repeats within them. Most of the genes/loci common to both the strains were located in different regions of the two chromosomes and occurred in opposite orientations, indicating genome rearrangement since their divergence from a common ancestor. CONCLUSIONS Since the genome of strain 129Pt was ~256,000 bp smaller than that of strain 2336, these genomes provide yet another paradigm for studying evolutionary gene loss and/or gain in regard to virulence repertoire and pathogenic ability. Analyses of the complete genome sequences revealed that bacteriophage- and transposon-mediated horizontal gene transfer had occurred at several loci in the chromosomes of strains 2336 and 129Pt. It appears that these mobile genetic elements have played a major role in creating genomic diversity and phenotypic variability among the two H. somni strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivakumara Siddaramappa
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Jean F Challacombe
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Alison J Duncan
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Allison F Gillaspy
- Laboratory for Genomics and Bioinformatics, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 731042, USA
| | - Matthew Carson
- Laboratory for Genomics and Bioinformatics, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 731042, USA
| | - Jenny Gipson
- Laboratory for Genomics and Bioinformatics, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 731042, USA
| | - Joshua Orvis
- Laboratory for Genomics and Bioinformatics, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 731042, USA
| | - Jeremy Zaitshik
- Laboratory for Genomics and Bioinformatics, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 731042, USA
| | - Gentry Barnes
- Laboratory for Genomics and Bioinformatics, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 731042, USA
| | - David Bruce
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Olga Chertkov
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Chris Detter
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Cliff S Han
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Roxanne Tapia
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Linda S Thompson
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - David W Dyer
- Laboratory for Genomics and Bioinformatics, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 731042, USA
| | - Thomas J Inzana
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
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Harper M, Cox AD, Adler B, Boyce JD. Pasteurella multocida lipopolysaccharide: The long and the short of it. Vet Microbiol 2011; 153:109-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Hemorrhagic septicemia (HS), an acute, fatal and septicemic disease of cattle and buffaloes caused by Pasteurella multocida, is important in tropical regions of the world, especially in African and Asian countries. The prevalence of disease has been well documented with predominant isolation of P. multocida serotypes B:2 and E:2. Conventional methods of identification such as serotyping, biotyping, antibiogram determination and pathogenicity as well as molecular methods (P. multocida-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a serogroup B-specific PCR assay, multiplex capsular typing system and loop-mediated isothermal amplification techniques) and characterization (restriction endonuclease analysis, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis, repetitive extragenic palidromic PCR and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR analysis) are applied in parallel for rapid epidemiological investigations of HS outbreaks. Although several vaccine formulations including alum precipitated, oil adjuvant and multiple emulsion vaccines are commercially available, the quest for suitable broadly protective HS vaccines with long-lasting immunity is on the upsurge. Concurrently, attempts are being made to unravel the mysteries of the pathogen and its virulence factors, pathogenesis and determinants of protective immunity as well as diversity among strains of P. multocida. This review highlights the advances in these various aspects of HS.
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Janowicz DM, Cooney SA, Walsh J, Baker B, Katz BP, Fortney KR, Zwickl BW, Ellinger S, Munson RS. Expression of the Flp proteins by Haemophilus ducreyi is necessary for virulence in human volunteers. BMC Microbiol 2011; 11:208. [PMID: 21939541 PMCID: PMC3201912 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-11-208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Haemophilus ducreyi, the causative agent of the sexually transmitted disease chancroid, contains a flp (fimbria like protein) operon that encodes proteins predicted to contribute to adherence and pathogenesis. H. ducreyi mutants that lack expression of Flp1 and Flp2 or TadA, which has homology to NTPases of type IV secretion systems, have decreased abilities to attach to and form microcolonies on human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF). A tadA mutant is attenuated in its ability to cause disease in human volunteers and in the temperature dependent rabbit model, but a flp1flp2 mutant is virulent in rabbits. Whether a flp deletion mutant would cause disease in humans is not clear. Results We constructed 35000HPΔflp1-3, a deletion mutant that lacks expression of all three Flp proteins but has an intact tad secretion system. 35000HPΔflp1-3 was impaired in its ability to form microcolonies and to attach to HFF in vitro when compared to its parent (35000HP). Complementation of the mutant with flp1-3 in trans restored the parental phenotype. To test whether expression of Flp1-3 was necessary for virulence in humans, ten healthy adult volunteers were experimentally infected with a fixed dose of 35000HP (ranging from 54 to 67 CFU) on one arm and three doses of 35000HPΔflp1-3 (ranging from 63 to 961 CFU) on the other arm. The overall papule formation rate for the parent was 80% (95% confidence interval, CI, 55.2%-99.9%) and for the mutant was 70.0% (95% CI, 50.5%-89.5%) (P = 0.52). Mutant papules were significantly smaller (mean, 11.2 mm2) than were parent papules (21.8 mm2) 24 h after inoculation (P = 0.018). The overall pustule formation rates were 46.7% (95% CI 23.7-69.7%) at 30 parent sites and 6.7% (95% CI, 0.1-19.1%) at 30 mutant sites (P = 0.001). Conclusion These data suggest that production and secretion of the Flp proteins contributes to microcolony formation and attachment to HFF cells in vitro. Expression of flp1-3 is also necessary for H. ducreyi to initiate disease and progress to pustule formation in humans. Future studies will focus on how Flp proteins contribute to microcolony formation and attachment in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane M Janowicz
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Mulligan C, Fischer M, Thomas GH. Tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic (TRAP) transporters in bacteria and archaea. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2011; 35:68-86. [PMID: 20584082 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2010.00236.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic (TRAP) transporters are the best-studied family of substrate-binding protein (SBP)-dependent secondary transporters and are ubiquitous in prokaryotes, but absent from eukaryotes. They are comprised of an SBP of the DctP or TAXI families and two integral membrane proteins of unequal sizes that form the DctQ and DctM protein families, respectively. The SBP component has a structure comprised of two domains connected by a hinge that closes upon substrate binding. In DctP-TRAP transporters, substrate binding is mediated through a conserved and specific arginine/carboxylate interaction in the SBP. While the SBP component has now been relatively well characterized, the membrane components of TRAP transporters are still poorly understood both in terms of their structure and function. We review the expanding repertoire of substrates and physiological roles for experimentally characterized TRAP transporters in bacteria and discuss mechanistic aspects of these transporters using data primarily from the sialic acid-specific TRAP transporter SiaPQM from Haemophilus influenzae, which suggest that TRAP transporters are high-affinity, Na(+)-dependent unidirectional secondary transporters.
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Shengshu H, Hai Y, Xi C. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of α2-3-sialylated carbohydrate epitopes. Sci China Chem 2011; 54:117-128. [PMID: 21686057 DOI: 10.1007/s11426-010-4175-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sialic acids are common terminal carbohydrates on cell surface. Together with internal carbohydrate structures, they play important roles in many physiological and pathological processes. In order to obtain α2-3-sialylated oligosaccharides, a highly efficient one-pot three-enzyme synthetic approach was applied. The P. multocida α2-3-sialyltransferase (PmST1) involved in the synthesis was a multifunctional enzyme with extremely flexible donor and acceptor substrate specificities. Sialyltransferase acceptors, including type 1 structure (Galβ1-3GlcNAcβProN(3)), type 2 structures (Galβ1-4GlcNAcβProN(3) and 6-sulfo-Galβ1-4GlcNAcβProN(3)), type 4 structure (Galβ1-3GalNAcβProN(3)), type 3 or core 1 structure (Galβ1-3GalNAcαProN(3)) and human milk oligosaccharide or lipooligosaccharide lacto-N-tetraose (LNT) (Galβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4GlcβProN(3)), were chemically synthesized. They were then used in one-pot three-enzyme reactions with sialic acid precursor ManNAc or ManNGc, to synthesize a library of natural occurring α2-3-linked sialosides with different internal sugar units. The sialylated oligosaccharides obtained are valuable probes for their biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Shengshu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Abstract
Pneumonia caused by the bacterial pathogens discussed in this article is the most significant cause of morbidity and mortality of the BRDC. Most of these infectious bacteria are not capable of inducing significant disease without the presence of other predisposing environmental factors, physiologic stressors, or concurrent infections. Mannheimia haemolytica is the most common and serious of these bacterial agents and is therefore also the most highly characterized. There are other important bacterial pathogens of BRD, such as Pasteurella multocida, Histophulus somni, and Mycoplasma bovis. Mixed infections with these organisms do occur. These pathogens have unique and common virulence factors but the resulting pneumonic lesions may be similar. Although the amount and quality of research associated with BRD has increased, vaccination and therapeutic practices are not fully successful. A greater understanding of the virulence mechanisms of the infecting bacteria and pathogenesis of pneumonia, as well as the characteristics of the organisms that allow tissue persistence, may lead to improved management, therapeutics, and vaccines.
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