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Chen Z, Cai Y, Liu Y, Liu H, Wei XE, Lin C, Liu D, Xiao L, Rong L. Altered thalamus functional connectivity in patients with acute unilateral vestibulopathy: a resting-state fMRI study. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1388213. [PMID: 39010942 PMCID: PMC11246849 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1388213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Acute unilateral vestibulopathy (AUVP) is the second leading cause of peripheral vestibular vertigo. Full recovery of AUVP is related to sufficient central vestibular compensation. It has been confirmed that the vestibular nucleus and vestibular cortex are involved in the process of vestibular compensatory in AUVP patients. However, few studies have focused on the functional compensation of thalamus in patients with AUVP. This study aimed to explore the alterations of resting-state functional connectivity (FC) focused on thalamus using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in AUVP patients. Methods Data of 3D-T1 and resting-state fMRI were collected from 40 AUVP patients and 35 healthy controls (HC). Seeds-based (bilateral thalamus) FC was analyzed to investigate the changes in FC between the two groups. Furthermore, we evaluated the associations between altered thalamus FC and clinical features in AUVP patients using Pearson's partial correlation. Results Compared with HC, AUVP patients showed decreased FC between bilateral thalamus and left insula. We also observed decreased FC between right thalamus and left supramarginal gyrus. Additionally, we found increased FC between left thalamus and right postcentral gyrus (PCG), as well as increased FC between right thalamus and regions of bilateral PCG, right middle frontal gyrus and right middle occipital gyrus in AUVP patients. Furthermore, the FC between left thalamus and left insula was negatively correlated with values of canal paresis in patients with AUVP (p = 0.010, r = -0.434). Conclusion Our results provided first evidence for the decreased thalamo-vestibular cortex pathway, as well as increased thalamo-somatosensory and thalamo-visual cortex pathway in AUVP patients. These findings help us better understand the underlying mechanisms of central dynamic compensatory following an acute unilateral peripheral vestibular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaxian Cai
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of the Yangtze River Shipping, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yueji Liu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiu-e Wei
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cunxin Lin
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lijie Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liangqun Rong
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Chen Z, Liu Y, Lin C, Li Z, Shan J, Duan Z, Rong L, Wei X, Xiao L, Liu H. Aberrant cerebral blood flow and functional connectivity in patients with vestibular migraine: a resting-state ASL and fMRI study. J Headache Pain 2024; 25:84. [PMID: 38773396 PMCID: PMC11107056 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-024-01792-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior neuroimaging studies on vestibular migraine (VM) have extensively certified the functional and structural alterations in multiple brain regions and networks. However, few studies have assessed the cerebral blood flow (CBF) in VM patients using arterial spin labeling (ASL). The present study aimed to investigate CBF and functional connectivity (FC) alterations in VM patients during interictal periods. METHODS We evaluated 52 VM patients and 46 healthy controls (HC) who received resting-state pseudo-continuous ASL and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. Comparisons of voxel-based CBF and seed-based FC were performed between the two groups. Brain regions showed significant group differences in CBF analyses were chosen as seeds in FC analyses. Additionally, the associations between abnormal imaging results and clinical features were explored. RESULTS Compared with HC, VM patients showed higher normalized CBF in the right precentral gyrus (PreCG), left postcentral gyrus (PostCG), left superior frontal gyrus and bilateral insular (p < 0.05, FDR corrected). Furthermore, VM patients exhibited increased FC between the right PreCG and areas of the left PostCG, left cuneus and right lingual gyrus (p < 0.05, FDR corrected). In addition, we observed decreased FC between the left insular and regions of the left thalamus and right anterior cingulate cortex, as well as increased FC between the left insular and right fusiform gyrus in VM patients (p < 0.05, FDR corrected). Moreover, these variations in brain perfusion and FC were significantly correlated with multiple clinical features including frequency of migraine symptoms, frequency of vestibular symptoms and disease duration of VM (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Patients with VM during interictal period showed hyperperfusion and abnormal resting-state FC in brain regions potentially contributed to disrupted multi-sensory and autonomic processing, as well as impaired ocular motor control, pain modulation and emotional regulation. Our study provided novel insights into the complex neuropathology of VM from a CBF perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No.32, Meijian Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221006, China
| | - Yueji Liu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No.32, Meijian Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221006, China
| | - Cunxin Lin
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No.32, Meijian Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221006, China
| | - Zhining Li
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No.32, Meijian Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221006, China
| | - Junjun Shan
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No.32, Meijian Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221006, China
| | - Zuowei Duan
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No.32, Meijian Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221006, China
| | - Liangqun Rong
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No.32, Meijian Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221006, China
| | - Xiue Wei
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No.32, Meijian Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221006, China
| | - Lijie Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No.32, Meijian Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221006, China.
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No.32, Meijian Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221006, China.
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Wang X, Leprince Y, Lebenberg J, Langlet C, Mohlberg H, Rivière D, Auzias G, Dickscheid T, Amunts K, Mangin JF. A framework to improve the alignment of individual cytoarchitectonic maps of the Julich-Brain atlas using cortical folding landmarks. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad538. [PMID: 38236742 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The segregation of the cortical mantle into cytoarchitectonic areas provides a structural basis for the specialization of different brain regions. In vivo neuroimaging experiments can be linked to this postmortem cytoarchitectonic parcellation via Julich-Brain. This atlas embeds probabilistic maps that account for inter-individual variability in the localization of cytoarchitectonic areas in the reference spaces targeted by spatial normalization. We built a framework to improve the alignment of architectural areas across brains using cortical folding landmarks. This framework, initially designed for in vivo imaging, was adapted to postmortem histological data. We applied this to the first 14 brains used to establish the Julich-Brain atlas to infer a refined atlas with more focal probabilistic maps. The improvement achieved is significant in the primary regions and some of the associative areas. This framework also provides a tool for exploring the relationship between cortical folding patterns and cytoarchitectonic areas in different cortical regions to establish new landmarks in the remainder of the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Neurospin, Baobab, Saclay, France
| | - Yann Leprince
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Neurospin, Baobab, Saclay, France
- UNIACT, NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jessica Lebenberg
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Neurospin, Baobab, Saclay, France
- Lariboisière University Hospital, APHP, Translational Neurovascular Centre and Department of Neurology, FHU NeuroVasc, Paris, France
| | - Clement Langlet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Neurospin, Baobab, Saclay, France
| | - Hartmut Mohlberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Denis Rivière
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Neurospin, Baobab, Saclay, France
| | - Guillaume Auzias
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Timo Dickscheid
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Computer Science, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
- Cecile und Oskar Vogt Institut für Hirnforschung, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Zoltowski AR, Failla MD, Quinde-Zlibut JM, Dunham-Carr K, Moana-Filho EJ, Essick GK, Baranek GT, Rogers B, Cascio CJ. Differences in temporal profile of brain responses by pleasantness of somatosensory stimulation in autistic individuals. Somatosens Mot Res 2023:1-16. [PMID: 38140831 PMCID: PMC11193842 DOI: 10.1080/08990220.2023.2294715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Purpose/Aim. Autistic individuals may show either hyper- or hypo- responsiveness to touch compared to non-autistic individuals. These behavioural responses depend on perceptual and evaluative mechanisms, which unfold sequentially and thus can be distinguished by exploring the timing of neural responses. In this study, we examined neural response timing to pleasant, unpleasant, and affectively neutral textures, to determine whether these perceptual versus evaluative subprocesses differ in autism and how each subprocess contributes to behavioural responses.Materials and Methods. Our sample included n = 13 autistic and n = 14 non-autistic adults who completed functional magnetic resonance imaging. We analysed early, intermediate, and late phases of the tactile response, derived from studies of noxious tactile stimulation, to three different textures.Results. The autistic group showed distinct differences from the non-autistic group to each of the textures, showing earlier, somatosensory differences in response to the pleasantly and unpleasantly rated textures and later, frontomotor differences in response to the neutrally rated texture. Further, reduced early phase response to the pleasant texture correlated with increased sensory seeking behaviour.Conclusions. While preliminary, these results suggest distinct patterns between autistic and non-autistic individuals in how the neural response to touch unfolds and its correspondence with the perceived pleasantness of tactile experience. The findings suggest perceptual differences in response to affectively charged textures and evaluative differences in response to neutral, ambiguous textures. These temporal properties may inform future studies of tactile processing in autism, lending a better understanding of how individuals differ in their sensory experiences across contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa R Zoltowski
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN, USA
- The Frist Center for Autism and Innovation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Jennifer M Quinde-Zlibut
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN, USA
- The Frist Center for Autism and Innovation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Kacie Dunham-Carr
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN, USA
- The Frist Center for Autism and Innovation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Estephan J Moana-Filho
- Division of TMD and Orofacial Pain, Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Greg K Essick
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, NC, USA
| | - Grace T Baranek
- The Mrs. T. H. Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Baxter Rogers
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Carissa J Cascio
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN, USA
- The Frist Center for Autism and Innovation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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Choi KH, Cho SJ, Kim M, Kwon OS, Kang SY, Seo SY, Bang SK, Ryu Y. What is the analgesic range of acupuncture stimulus for treating acute pain? Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1281832. [PMID: 38021228 PMCID: PMC10651719 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1281832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Since the analgesic effect of acupuncture stimulation is derived from different mechanisms depending on the type of pain, it is important to know which acupuncture points to stimulate. In this study, to confirm the effect of acupuncture stimulation on acute pain from a neurological point of view, somatosensory evoked potential and sensory threshold changes were evaluated to identify the nerve range that is affected by acupuncture stimulation on LI4 (Hapgok acupuncture point, of the radial nerve) during acute pain. Methods The subjects were 40 healthy men and women aged 19-35 years. The study was designed as a randomly controlled, crossover trial with acupuncture stimulation at LI4 as the intervention. The washout period for acupuncture stimulation was 2 weeks, and the subjects were divided into two groups, i.e., an acupuncture stimulation group and a nonstimulation group, with 10 men and 10 women in each group. Somatosensory evoked potential measurement was carried out for 5 min by alternately applying 2 HZ-pulse electrical stimulation to the thumb and the little finger of the hand acupunctured with a 64-channel electroencephalogram. The verbal rating scale was used before and after each acupuncture stimulation session. Result and discussion The results of the study confirmed that the somatosensory evoked potential amplitude value of the thumb was significantly decreased and that the intensity of sensory stimulation corresponding to a verbal rating scale score of 6 was significantly increased only in the thumb after acupuncture stimulation. Therefore, the results show that acupuncture treatment for acute pain is more effective when direct acupuncture stimulation is applied to the painful area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Ho Choi
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jin Cho
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - O Sang Kwon
- College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Yun Kang
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Seo
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Kyun Bang
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonhee Ryu
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Schlemm E, Cheng B, Thomalla G, Kessner SS. Functional Lesion Network Mapping of Sensory Deficits After Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2023; 54:2918-2922. [PMID: 37795591 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.044470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensory deficits are common after stroke, leading to disability and poor quality of life. Although lesion locations and patterns of structural brain network disruption have been associated with sensory disturbances, the relation with functional lesion connectivity has not yet been established. METHODS Retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort study of patients with acute ischemic stroke. Indirect functional lesion network mapping to identify brain regions remote from the primary lesion associated with deficits on the Rivermead Assessment of Somatosensory Performance test. Associations between Rivermead Assessment of Somatosensory Performance scores and functional connectivity of the lesion site with prespecified components of the somatosensory system. RESULTS One hundred one patients (mean age, 62 years; 32% women) from the TOPOS study (Topological and Clinical Prospective Study About Somatosensation in Stroke). Lesion network mapping identified a bilateral fronto-parietal network associated with sensory deficits in the acute phase after stroke. There were graded associations between deficits and functional lesion connectivity to sensory cortices, but not the thalamus. CONCLUSIONS Infarcts in brain regions remote from, but functionally connected, to the somatosensory network are associated with somatosensory deficits measured by the Rivermead Assessment of Somatosensory Performance test, reflecting the hierarchical functional anatomy of sensory processing. Further research is needed to translate these findings into improved prognosis and personalized rehabilitation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eckhard Schlemm
- Department of Neurology (E.S., B.C., G.T., S.S.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Bastian Cheng
- Department of Neurology (E.S., B.C., G.T., S.S.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Götz Thomalla
- Department of Neurology (E.S., B.C., G.T., S.S.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Simon S Kessner
- Department of Neurology (E.S., B.C., G.T., S.S.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy (S.S.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
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7
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Van de Wauw C, Riecke L, Goebel R, Kaas A, Sorger B. Talking with hands and feet: Selective somatosensory attention and fMRI enable robust and convenient brain-based communication. Neuroimage 2023; 276:120172. [PMID: 37230207 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In brain-based communication, voluntarily modulated brain signals (instead of motor output) are utilized to interact with the outside world. The possibility to circumvent the motor system constitutes an important alternative option for severely paralyzed. Most communication brain-computer interface (BCI) paradigms require intact visual capabilities and impose a high cognitive load, but for some patients, these requirements are not given. In these situations, a better-suited, less cognitively demanding information-encoding approach may exploit auditorily-cued selective somatosensory attention to vibrotactile stimulation. Here, we propose, validate and optimize a novel communication-BCI paradigm using differential fMRI activation patterns evoked by selective somatosensory attention to tactile stimulation of the right hand or left foot. Using cytoarchitectonic probability maps and multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA), we show that the locus of selective somatosensory attention can be decoded from fMRI-signal patterns in (especially primary) somatosensory cortex with high accuracy and reliability, with the highest classification accuracy (85.93%) achieved when using Brodmann area 2 (SI-BA2) at a probability level of 0.2. Based on this outcome, we developed and validated a novel somatosensory attention-based yes/no communication procedure and demonstrated its high effectiveness even when using only a limited amount of (MVPA) training data. For the BCI user, the paradigm is straightforward, eye-independent, and requires only limited cognitive functioning. In addition, it is BCI-operator friendly given its objective and expertise-independent procedure. For these reasons, our novel communication paradigm has high potential for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Van de Wauw
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Lars Riecke
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Goebel
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Neuroimaging and Neuromodeling, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda Kaas
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bettina Sorger
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Unger N, Haeck M, Eickhoff SB, Camilleri JA, Dickscheid T, Mohlberg H, Bludau S, Caspers S, Amunts K. Cytoarchitectonic mapping of the human frontal operculum-New correlates for a variety of brain functions. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1087026. [PMID: 37448625 PMCID: PMC10336231 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1087026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The human frontal operculum (FOp) is a brain region that covers parts of the ventral frontal cortex next to the insula. Functional imaging studies showed activations in this region in tasks related to language, somatosensory, and cognitive functions. While the precise cytoarchitectonic areas that correlate to these processes have not yet been revealed, earlier receptorarchitectonic analysis resulted in a detailed parcellation of the FOp. We complemented this analysis by a cytoarchitectonic study of a sample of ten postmortem brains and mapped the posterior FOp in serial, cell-body stained histological sections using image analysis and multivariate statistics. Three new areas were identified: Op5 represents the most posterior area, followed by Op6 and the most anterior region Op7. Areas Op5-Op7 approach the insula, up to the circular sulcus. Area 44 of Broca's region, the most ventral part of premotor area 6, and parts of the parietal operculum are dorso-laterally adjacent to Op5-Op7. The areas did not show any interhemispheric or sex differences. Three-dimensional probability maps and a maximum probability map were generated in stereotaxic space, and then used, in a first proof-of-concept-study, for functional decoding and analysis of structural and functional connectivity. Functional decoding revealed different profiles of cytoarchitectonically identified Op5-Op7. While left Op6 was active in music cognition, right Op5 was involved in chewing/swallowing and sexual processing. Both areas showed activation during the exercise of isometric force in muscles. An involvement in the coordination of flexion/extension could be shown for the right Op6. Meta-analytic connectivity modeling revealed various functional connections of the FOp areas within motor and somatosensory networks, with the most evident connection with the music/language network for Op6 left. The new cytoarchitectonic maps are part of Julich-Brain, and publicly available to serve as a basis for future analyses of structural-functional relationships in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Unger
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Simon B. Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia A. Camilleri
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Timo Dickscheid
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Computer Science, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hartmut Mohlberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bludau
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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Kogler L, Regenbogen C, Müller VI, Kohn N, Schneider F, Gur RC, Derntl B. Cognitive Stress Regulation in Schizophrenia Patients and Healthy Individuals: Brain and Behavior. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12072749. [PMID: 37048832 PMCID: PMC10095473 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is an important factor in the development, triggering, and maintenance of psychotic symptoms. Still, little is known about the neural correlates of cognitively regulating stressful events in schizophrenia. The current study aimed at investigating the cognitive down-regulation of negative, stressful reactions during a neuroimaging psychosocial stress paradigm (non-regulated stress versus cognitively regulated stress). In a randomized, repeated-measures within-subject design, we assessed subjective reactions and neural activation in schizophrenia patients (SZP) and matched healthy controls in a neuroimaging psychosocial stress paradigm. In general, SZP exhibited an increased anticipation of stress compared to controls (p = 0.020). During non-regulated stress, SZP showed increased negative affect (p = 0.033) and stronger activation of the left parietal operculum/posterior insula (p < 0.001) and right inferior frontal gyrus/anterior insula (p = 0.005) than controls. Contrarily, stress regulation compared to non-regulated stress led to increased subjective reactions in controls (p = 0.003) but less deactivation in SZP in the ventral anterior cingulate cortex (p = 0.027). Our data demonstrate stronger reactions to and anticipation of stress in patients and difficulties with cognitive stress regulation in both groups. Considering the strong association between mental health and stress, the investigation of cognitive regulation in individuals vulnerable to stress, including SZP, has crucial implications for improving stress intervention trainings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Kogler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Centre for Mental Health (TüCMH), Medical Faculty, University of Tübingen, Calwerstrasse 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christina Regenbogen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Veronika I Müller
- Institute of Neuroscience und Medicine, INM-7, Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nils Kohn
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Neuropsychiatry Division, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Birgit Derntl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Centre for Mental Health (TüCMH), Medical Faculty, University of Tübingen, Calwerstrasse 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for the Mechanisms of Mental Function and Dysfunction (IMPRS-MMFD), Otfried-Müller-Str. 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- LEAD Graduate School and Network, University of Tübingen, Walter-Simon-Straße 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
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10
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Van Malderen S, Hehl M, Verstraelen S, Swinnen SP, Cuypers K. Dual-site TMS as a tool to probe effective interactions within the motor network: a review. Rev Neurosci 2023; 34:129-221. [PMID: 36065080 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation (ds-TMS) is well suited to investigate the causal effect of distant brain regions on the primary motor cortex, both at rest and during motor performance and learning. However, given the broad set of stimulation parameters, clarity about which parameters are most effective for identifying particular interactions is lacking. Here, evidence describing inter- and intra-hemispheric interactions during rest and in the context of motor tasks is reviewed. Our aims are threefold: (1) provide a detailed overview of ds-TMS literature regarding inter- and intra-hemispheric connectivity; (2) describe the applicability and contributions of these interactions to motor control, and; (3) discuss the practical implications and future directions. Of the 3659 studies screened, 109 were included and discussed. Overall, there is remarkable variability in the experimental context for assessing ds-TMS interactions, as well as in the use and reporting of stimulation parameters, hindering a quantitative comparison of results across studies. Further studies examining ds-TMS interactions in a systematic manner, and in which all critical parameters are carefully reported, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanti Van Malderen
- Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control & Neuroplasticity Research Group, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Heverlee 3001, Belgium.,Neuroplasticity and Movement Control Research Group, Rehabilitation Research Institute (REVAL), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium
| | - Melina Hehl
- Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control & Neuroplasticity Research Group, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Heverlee 3001, Belgium.,Neuroplasticity and Movement Control Research Group, Rehabilitation Research Institute (REVAL), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium
| | - Stefanie Verstraelen
- Neuroplasticity and Movement Control Research Group, Rehabilitation Research Institute (REVAL), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium
| | - Stephan P Swinnen
- Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control & Neuroplasticity Research Group, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Heverlee 3001, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Cuypers
- Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control & Neuroplasticity Research Group, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Heverlee 3001, Belgium.,Neuroplasticity and Movement Control Research Group, Rehabilitation Research Institute (REVAL), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium
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11
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Smith JL, Ahluwalia V, Gore RK, Allen JW. Eagle-449: A volumetric, whole-brain compilation of brain atlases for vestibular functional MRI research. Sci Data 2023; 10:29. [PMID: 36641517 PMCID: PMC9840609 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-01938-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human vestibular processing involves distributed networks of cortical and subcortical regions which perform sensory and multimodal integrative functions. These functional hubs are also interconnected with areas subserving cognitive, affective, and body-representative domains. Analysis of these diverse components of the vestibular and vestibular-associated networks, and synthesis of their holistic functioning, is therefore vital to our understanding of the genesis of vestibular dysfunctions and aid treatment development. Novel neuroimaging methodologies, including functional and structural connectivity analyses, have provided important contributions in this area, but often require the use of atlases which are comprised of well-defined a priori regions of interest. Investigating vestibular dysfunction requires a more detailed atlas that encompasses cortical, subcortical, cerebellar, and brainstem regions. The present paper represents an effort to establish a compilation of existing, peer-reviewed brain atlases which collectively afford comprehensive coverage of these regions while explicitly focusing on vestibular substrates. It is expected that this compilation will be iteratively improved with additional contributions from researchers in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy L Smith
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Vishwadeep Ahluwalia
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- GSU/GT Center for Advanced Brain Imaging, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Russell K Gore
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Shepherd Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jason W Allen
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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12
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Sun L, Lukkarinen L, Putkinen V, Karlsson HK, Hirvonen J, Tiihonen J, Lauerma H, Scott S, Nummenmaa L. Mu-opioid receptor system modulates responses to vocal bonding and distress signals in humans. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210181. [PMID: 36126675 PMCID: PMC9489292 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Laughter is a contagious prosocial signal that conveys bonding motivation; adult crying conversely communicates desire for social proximity by signalling distress. Endogenous mu-opioid receptors (MORs) modulate sociability in humans and non-human primates. In this combined PET-fMRI study (n = 17), we tested whether central MOR tone is associated with regional brain responses to social signals of laughter and crying. MOR availability was measured with positron emission tomography (PET) using the high-affinity agonist radioligand [11C]carfentanil. Haemodynamic responses to social laughter and crying vocalizations were measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Social laughter evoked activation in the auditory cortex, insula, cingulate cortex, amygdala, primary and secondary somatosensory cortex, and primary and secondary motor cortex; crying sounds led to more restricted activation in the auditory cortex and nearby areas. MOR availability was negatively correlated with the haemodynamic responses to social laughter in the primary and secondary somatosensory cortex, primary and secondary motor cortex, posterior insula, posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, cuneus, temporal gyri and lingual gyrus. For crying-evoked activations, MOR availability was negatively correlated with medial and lateral prefrontal haemodynamic responses. Altogether our findings highlight the role of the MOR system in modulating acute brain responses to both positive and negative social signals. This article is part of the theme issue 'Cracking the laugh code: laughter through the lens of biology, psychology and neuroscience'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Lasse Lukkarinen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Psychiatric Hospital for Prisoners, Health Care Services for Prisoners, Turku, Finland
| | - Vesa Putkinen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Henry K. Karlsson
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jussi Hirvonen
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jari Tiihonen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute and Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm City Council, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland and Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hannu Lauerma
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Psychiatric Hospital for Prisoners, Health Care Services for Prisoners, Turku, Finland
| | - Sophie Scott
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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13
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Philip BA, Valyear KF, Cirstea CM, Baune NA, Kaufman C, Frey SH. Changes in Primary Somatosensory Cortex Following Allogeneic Hand Transplantation or Autogenic Hand Replantation. FRONTIERS IN NEUROIMAGING 2022; 1:919694. [PMID: 36590253 PMCID: PMC9802660 DOI: 10.3389/fnimg.2022.919694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Former amputees who undergo allogeneic hand transplantation or autogenic hand replantation (jointly, "hand restoration") present a unique opportunity to measure the range of post-deafferentation plastic changes in the nervous system, especially primary somatosensory cortex (S1). However, few such patients exist, and previous studies compared single cases to small groups of typical adults. Here, we studied 5 individuals (n = 8 sessions: a transplant with 2 sessions, a transplant with 3 sessions, and three replants with 1 session each). We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure S1 responsiveness to controlled pneumatic tactile stimulation delivered to each patient's left and right fingertips and lower face. These data were compared with responses acquired from typical adults (n = 29) and current unilateral amputees (n = 19). During stimulation of the affected hand, patients' affected S1 (contralateral to affected hand) responded to stimulation in a manner similar both to amputees and to typical adults. The presence of contralateral responses indicated grossly typical S1 function, but responses were universally at the low end of the range of typical variability. Patients' affected S1 showed substantial individual variability in responses to stimulation of the intact hand: while all patients fell within the range of typical adults, some patient sessions (4/8) had substantial ipsilateral responses similar to those exhibited by current amputees. Unlike hand restoration patients, current amputees exhibited substantial S1 reorganization compared to typical adults, including bilateral S1 responses to stimulation of the intact hand. In all three participant groups, we assessed tactile localization by measuring individuals' ability to identify the location of touch on the palm and fingers. Curiously, while transplant patients improved their tactile sensory localization over time, this was uncorrelated with changes in S1 responses to tactile stimuli. Overall, our results provide the first description of cortical responses to well-controlled tactile stimulation after hand restoration. Our case studies indicate that hand restoration patients show S1 function within the range of both typical adults and amputees, but with low-amplitude and individual-specific responses that indicate a wide range of potential cortical neurological changes following de-afferentation and re-afferentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. Philip
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kenneth F. Valyear
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Carmen M. Cirstea
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Nathan A. Baune
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Christina Kaufman
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Scott H. Frey
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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14
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Cole DM, Stämpfli P, Gandia R, Schibli L, Gantner S, Schuetz P, Meier ML. In the back of your mind: Cortical mapping of paraspinal afferent inputs. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:4943-4953. [PMID: 35979921 PMCID: PMC9582373 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Topographic organisation is a hallmark of vertebrate cortex architecture, characterised by ordered projections of the body's sensory surfaces onto brain systems. High-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has proven itself as a valuable tool to investigate the cortical landscape and its (mal-)adaptive plasticity with respect to various body part representations, in particular extremities such as the hand and fingers. Less is known, however, about the cortical representation of the human back. We therefore validated a novel, MRI-compatible method of mapping cortical representations of sensory afferents of the back, using vibrotactile stimulation at varying frequencies and paraspinal locations, in conjunction with fMRI. We expected high-frequency stimulation to be associated with differential neuronal activity in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) compared with low-frequency stimulation and that somatosensory representations would differ across the thoracolumbar axis. We found significant differences between neural representations of high-frequency and low-frequency stimulation and between representations of thoracic and lumbar paraspinal locations, in several bilateral S1 sub-regions, and in regions of the primary motor cortex (M1). High-frequency stimulation preferentially activated Brodmann Area (BA) regions BA3a and BA4p, whereas low-frequency stimulation was more encoded in BA3b and BA4a. Moreover, we found clear topographic differences in S1 for representations of the upper and lower back during high-frequency stimulation. We present the first neurobiological validation of a method for establishing detailed cortical maps of the human back, which might serve as a novel tool to evaluate the pathological significance of neuroplastic changes in clinical conditions such as chronic low back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Cole
- Integrative Spinal Research, Department of Chiropractic Medicine, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Stämpfli
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,MR-Center of the Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert Gandia
- Competence Center Thermal Energy Storage, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Louis Schibli
- Competence Center Thermal Energy Storage, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Sandro Gantner
- Competence Center Thermal Energy Storage, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Schuetz
- Competence Center Thermal Energy Storage, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Michael L Meier
- Integrative Spinal Research, Department of Chiropractic Medicine, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Janko D, Thoenes K, Park D, Willoughby WR, Horton M, Bolding M. Somatotopic Mapping of the Fingers in the Somatosensory Cortex Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Review of Literature. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:866848. [PMID: 35847829 PMCID: PMC9277538 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.866848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies have demonstrated finger somatotopy in humans and other primates using a variety of brain mapping techniques including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Here, we review the literature to better understand the reliability of fMRI for mapping the somatosensory cortex. We have chosen to focus on the hand and fingers as these areas have the largest representation and have been the subject of the largest number of somatotopic mapping experiments. Regardless of the methods used, individual finger somatosensory maps were found to be organized across Brodmann areas (BAs) 3b, 1, and 2 in lateral-to-medial and inferior-to-superior fashion moving from the thumb to the pinky. However, some consistent discrepancies are found that depend principally on the method used to stimulate the hand and fingers. Therefore, we suggest that a comparative analysis of different types of stimulation be performed to address the differences described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Janko
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kristina Thoenes
- Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine Auburn, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Dahye Park
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - W. R. Willoughby
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Meredith Horton
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mark Bolding
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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16
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Otero M, Lea-Carnall C, Prado P, Escobar MJ, El-Deredy W. Modelling neural entrainment and its persistence: influence of frequency of stimulation and phase at the stimulus offset. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2022; 8. [PMID: 35320793 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ac605a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Neural entrainment, the synchronization of brain oscillations to the frequency of an external stimuli, is a key mechanism that shapes perceptual and cognitive processes.Objective.Using simulations, we investigated the dynamics of neural entrainment, particularly the period following the end of the stimulation, since the persistence (reverberation) of neural entrainment may condition future sensory representations based on predictions about stimulus rhythmicity.Methods.Neural entrainment was assessed using a modified Jansen-Rit neural mass model (NMM) of coupled cortical columns, in which the spectral features of the output resembled that of the electroencephalogram (EEG). We evaluated spectro-temporal features of entrainment as a function of the stimulation frequency, the resonant frequency of the neural populations comprising the NMM, and the coupling strength between cortical columns. Furthermore, we tested if the entrainment persistence depended on the phase of the EEG-like oscillation at the time the stimulus ended.Main Results.The entrainment of the column that received the stimulation was maximum when the frequency of the entrainer was within a narrow range around the resonant frequency of the column. When this occurred, entrainment persisted for several cycles after the stimulus terminated, and the propagation of the entrainment to other columns was facilitated. Propagation also depended on the resonant frequency of the second column, and the coupling strength between columns. The duration of the persistence of the entrainment depended on the phase of the neural oscillation at the time the entrainer terminated, such that falling phases (fromπ/2 to 3π/2 in a sine function) led to longer persistence than rising phases (from 0 toπ/2 and 3π/2 to 2π).Significance.The study bridges between models of neural oscillations and empirical electrophysiology, providing insights to the mechanisms underlying neural entrainment and the use of rhythmic sensory stimulation for neuroenhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Otero
- Escuela de Ingeniería Biomédica, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile.,Advanced Center for Electric and Electronic Engineering, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Caroline Lea-Carnall
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Pavel Prado
- Latin-American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Chile
| | | | - Wael El-Deredy
- Escuela de Ingeniería Biomédica, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile.,Advanced Center for Electric and Electronic Engineering, Valparaíso, Chile.,Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
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17
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Bergwell H, Trevarrow M, Corr B, Baker S, Reelfs H, Wilson TW, Moreau NG, Kurz MJ. Power training alters somatosensory cortical activity of youth with cerebral palsy. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2022; 9:659-668. [PMID: 35297546 PMCID: PMC9082383 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our prior magnetoencephalographic (MEG) investigations demonstrate that persons with cerebral palsy (CP) have weaker somatosensory cortical activity than neurotypical (NT) controls, which is associated with reduced muscular strength and mobility. Power training can improve lower extremity isokinetic strength, muscular power, and walking performance of youth with CP. Potentially, these clinically relevant improvements are partially driven by changes in somatosensory processing. The objective of this investigation was to determine if power training has complementary changes in muscular function and somatosensory cortical activity in youth with CP. METHODS A cohort of youth with CP (N = 11; age = 15.90 ± 1.1 years) and NT controls (N = 10; Age = 15.93 ± 2.48 years) participated in this investigation. Youth with CP underwent 24 power training sessions. Pre-post bilateral leg press 1-repetition maximum (1RM), peak power production, 10-m walking speed, and distance walked 1-min were used as outcome measures. MEG neuroimaging assessed the changes in somatosensory cortical activity while at rest. NT controls only underwent a baseline MEG assessment. RESULTS Youth with CP had a 56% increase in 1RM (p < 0.001), a 33% increase in peak power production (p = 0.019), and a 4% improvement in 1-min walk (p = 0.029). Notably, there was a 46% increase in somatosensory cortical activity (p = 0.02). INTERPRETATION These results are the first to show that power training is associated with improvements in muscular function, walking performance, and the resting somatosensory cortical activity in individuals with CP. This treatment approach might be advantageous due to the potential to promote cortical and muscular plasticity, which appear to have carryover effects for improved walking performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Bergwell
- Institute for Human NeuroscienceBoys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
| | - Mike Trevarrow
- Institute for Human NeuroscienceBoys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
| | - Brad Corr
- Institute for Human NeuroscienceBoys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
| | - Sarah Baker
- Institute for Human NeuroscienceBoys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
| | - Heidi Reelfs
- Department of Physical Therapy, Munroe‐Meyer InstituteUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Tony W. Wilson
- Institute for Human NeuroscienceBoys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of MedicineCreighton UniversityOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Noelle G. Moreau
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health ProfessionsLouisiana State UniversityNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Max J. Kurz
- Institute for Human NeuroscienceBoys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of MedicineCreighton UniversityOmahaNebraskaUSA
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18
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Wiech K, Eippert F, Vandekerckhove J, Zaman J, Placek K, Tuerlinckx F, Vlaeyen JWS, Tracey I. Cortico-Brainstem Mechanisms of Biased Perceptual Decision-Making in the Context of Pain. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2022; 23:680-692. [PMID: 34856408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Prior expectations can bias how we perceive pain. Using a drift diffusion model, we recently showed that this influence is primarily based on changes in perceptual decision-making (indexed as shift in starting point). Only during unexpected application of high-intensity noxious stimuli, altered information processing (indexed as increase in drift rate) explained the expectancy effect on pain processing. Here, we employed functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the neural basis of both these processes in healthy volunteers. On each trial, visual cues induced the expectation of high- or low-intensity noxious stimulation or signaled equal probability for both intensities. Participants categorized a subsequently applied electrical stimulus as either low- or high-intensity pain. A shift in starting point towards high pain correlated negatively with right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity during cue presentation underscoring its proposed role of "keeping pain out of mind". This anticipatory right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex signal increase was positively correlated with periaqueductal gray (PAG) activity when the expected high-intensity stimulation was applied. A drift rate increase during unexpected high-intensity pain was reflected in amygdala engagement and increased functional connectivity between amygdala and PAG. Our findings suggest involvement of the PAG in both decision-making bias and altered information processing to implement expectancy effects on pain. PERSPECTIVE: Modulation of pain through expectations has been linked to changes in perceptual decision-making and altered processing of afferent information. Our results suggest involvement of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and periaqueductal gray in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Wiech
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
| | - Falk Eippert
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK; Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joachim Vandekerckhove
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California; Research Group of Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonas Zaman
- Research Group Health Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katerina Placek
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Statistics and Quantitative Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Francis Tuerlinckx
- Research Group of Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan W S Vlaeyen
- Research Group Health Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Research Group Experimental Health Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Irene Tracey
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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19
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Sun L, Lukkarinen L, Noppari T, Nazari-Farsani S, Putkinen V, Seppälä K, Hudson M, Tani P, Lindberg N, Karlsson HK, Hirvonen J, Salomaa M, Venetjoki N, Lauerma H, Tiihonen J, Nummenmaa L. Aberrant motor contagion of emotions in psychopathy and high-functioning autism. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:374-384. [PMID: 35332920 PMCID: PMC9837606 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychopathy and autism are both associated with aberrant social skills and empathy, yet only psychopaths are markedly antisocial and violent. Here, we compared the functional neural alterations underlying these two groups that both have aberrant empathetic abilities but distinct behavioral phenotypes. We studied 19 incarcerated male offenders with high psychopathic traits, 20 males with high-functioning autism, and 19 age-matched healthy controls. All groups underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while they viewed dynamic happy, angry, and disgusted faces or listened to laughter and crying sounds. Psychopathy was associated with reduced somatomotor responses to almost all expressions, while participants with autism demonstrated less marked and emotion-specific alterations in the somatomotor area. These data suggest that psychopathy and autism involve both common and distinct functional alterations in the brain networks involved in the socioemotional processing. The alterations are more profound in psychopathy, possibly reflecting the more severely disturbed socioemotional brain networks in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Sun
- Corresponding author: Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, Turku FI-20521, Finland.
| | | | | | | | - Vesa Putkinen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku FI-20521, Finland
| | - Kerttu Seppälä
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku FI-20521, Finland,Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Matthew Hudson
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku FI-20521, Finland
| | - Pekka Tani
- Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Nina Lindberg
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | | | - Jussi Hirvonen
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku FI-20251, Finland
| | - Marja Salomaa
- Psychiatric Hospital for Prisoners, Health Care Services for Prisoners, Turku FI-20251, Finland
| | - Niina Venetjoki
- Psychiatric Hospital for Prisoners, Health Care Services for Prisoners, Turku FI-20251, Finland
| | - Hannu Lauerma
- Psychiatric Hospital for Prisoners, Health Care Services for Prisoners, Turku FI-20251, Finland,Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, Turku FI-20251, Finland,Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku FI-20251, Finland
| | - Jari Tiihonen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-11364, Sweden,Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm City Council, Stockholm SE-11364, Sweden,Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio FI-70240, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku FI-20521, Finland,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku FI-20521, Finland,Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku FI-20251, Finland
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20
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Suarez A, Valdés-Hernández PA, Bernal B, Dunoyer C, Khoo HM, Bosch-Bayard J, Riera JJ. Identification of Negative BOLD Responses in Epilepsy Using Windkessel Models. Front Neurol 2021; 12:659081. [PMID: 34690906 PMCID: PMC8531269 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.659081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alongside positive blood oxygenation level–dependent (BOLD) responses associated with interictal epileptic discharges, a variety of negative BOLD responses (NBRs) are typically found in epileptic patients. Previous studies suggest that, in general, up to four mechanisms might underlie the genesis of NBRs in the brain: (i) neuronal disruption of network activity, (ii) altered balance of neurometabolic/vascular couplings, (iii) arterial blood stealing, and (iv) enhanced cortical inhibition. Detecting and classifying these mechanisms from BOLD signals are pivotal for the improvement of the specificity of the electroencephalography–functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) image modality to identify the seizure-onset zones in refractory local epilepsy. This requires models with physiological interpretation that furnish the understanding of how these mechanisms are fingerprinted by their BOLD responses. Here, we used a Windkessel model with viscoelastic compliance/inductance in combination with dynamic models of both neuronal population activity and tissue/blood O2 to classify the hemodynamic response functions (HRFs) linked to the above mechanisms in the irritative zones of epileptic patients. First, we evaluated the most relevant imprints on the BOLD response caused by variations of key model parameters. Second, we demonstrated that a general linear model is enough to accurately represent the four different types of NBRs. Third, we tested the ability of a machine learning classifier, built from a simulated ensemble of HRFs, to predict the mechanism underlying the BOLD signal from irritative zones. Cross-validation indicates that these four mechanisms can be classified from realistic fMRI BOLD signals. To demonstrate proof of concept, we applied our methodology to EEG-fMRI data from five epileptic patients undergoing neurosurgery, suggesting the presence of some of these mechanisms. We concluded that a proper identification and interpretation of NBR mechanisms in epilepsy can be performed by combining general linear models and biophysically inspired models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Suarez
- Neuronal Mass Dynamics Laboratory, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | | | - Byron Bernal
- Nicklaus Children Hospital, Miami, FL, United States
| | | | - Hui Ming Khoo
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Jorge Bosch-Bayard
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jorge J Riera
- Neuronal Mass Dynamics Laboratory, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
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21
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Decoding grip type and action goal during the observation of reaching-grasping actions: A multivariate fMRI study. Neuroimage 2021; 243:118511. [PMID: 34450263 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During execution and observation of reaching-grasping actions, the brain must encode, at the same time, the final action goal and the type of grip necessary to achieve it. Recently, it has been proposed that the Mirror Neuron System (MNS) is involved not only in coding the final goal of the observed action, but also the type of grip used to grasp the object. However, the specific contribution of the different areas of the MNS, at both cortical and subcortical level, in disentangling action goal and grip type is still unclear. Here, twenty human volunteers participated in an fMRI study in which they performed two tasks: (a) observation of four different types of actions, consisting in reaching-to-grasp a box handle with two possible grips (precision, hook) and two possible goals (open, close); (b) action execution, in which participants performed grasping actions similar to those presented during the observation task. A conjunction analysis revealed the presence of shared activated voxels for both action observation and execution within several cortical areas including dorsal and ventral premotor cortex, inferior and superior parietal cortex, intraparietal sulcus, primary somatosensory cortex, and cerebellar lobules VI and VIII. ROI analyses showed a main effect for grip type in several premotor and parietal areas and cerebellar lobule VI, with higher BOLD activation during observation of precision vs hook actions. A grip x goal interaction was also present in the left inferior parietal cortex, with higher BOLD activity during precision-to-close actions. A multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) revealed a significant accuracy for the grip model in all ROIs, while for the action goal model, significant accuracy was observed only for left inferior parietal cortex ROI. These findings indicate that a large network involving cortical and cerebellar areas is involved in the processing of type of grip, while final action goal appears to be mainly processed within the inferior parietal region, suggesting a differential contribution of the areas activated in this study.
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22
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Deep characterization of individual brain-phenotype relations using a multilevel atlas. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Srinivasan SS, Tuckute G, Zou J, Gutierrez-Arango S, Song H, Barry RL, Herr HM. Agonist-antagonist myoneural interface amputation preserves proprioceptive sensorimotor neurophysiology in lower limbs. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/573/eabc5926. [PMID: 33298564 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abc5926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The brain undergoes marked changes in function and functional connectivity after limb amputation. The agonist-antagonist myoneural interface (AMI) amputation is a procedure that restores physiological agonist-antagonist muscle relationships responsible for proprioceptive sensory feedback to enable greater motor control. We compared results from the functional neuroimaging of individuals (n = 29) with AMI amputation, traditional amputation, and no amputation. Individuals with traditional amputation demonstrated a significant decrease in proprioceptive activity, measured by activation of Brodmann area 3a, whereas functional activation in individuals with AMIs was not significantly different from controls with no amputation (P < 0.05). The degree of proprioceptive activity in the brain strongly correlated with fascicle activity in the peripheral muscles and performance on motor tasks (P < 0.05), supporting the mechanistic basis of the AMI procedure. These results suggest that surgical techniques designed to restore proprioceptive peripheral neuromuscular constructs result in desirable central sensorimotor plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriya S Srinivasan
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. .,MIT Center for Extreme Bionics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Greta Tuckute
- MIT Center for Extreme Bionics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jasmine Zou
- MIT Center for Extreme Bionics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Samantha Gutierrez-Arango
- MIT Center for Extreme Bionics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Hyungeun Song
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,MIT Center for Extreme Bionics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Robert L Barry
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. .,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hugh M Herr
- MIT Center for Extreme Bionics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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24
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Rushmore RJ, Bouix S, Kubicki M, Rathi Y, Rosene DL, Yeterian EH, Makris N. MRI-based Parcellation and Morphometry of the Individual Rhesus Monkey Brain: the macaque Harvard-Oxford Atlas (mHOA), a translational system referencing a standardized ontology. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:1589-1621. [PMID: 32960419 PMCID: PMC8608281 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00357-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Investigations of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) brain have shed light on the function and organization of the primate brain at a scale and resolution not yet possible in humans. A cornerstone of the linkage between non-human primate and human studies of the brain is magnetic resonance imaging, which allows for an association to be made between the detailed structural and physiological analysis of the non-human primate and that of the human brain. To further this end, we present a novel parcellation method and system for the rhesus monkey brain, referred to as the macaque Harvard-Oxford Atlas (mHOA), which is based on the human Harvard-Oxford Atlas (HOA) and grounded in an ontological and taxonomic framework. Consistent anatomical features were used to delimit and parcellate brain regions in the macaque, which were then categorized according to functional systems. This system of parcellation will be expanded with advances in technology and, like the HOA, will provide a framework upon which the results from other experimental studies (e.g., functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), physiology, connectivity, graph theory) can be interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jarrett Rushmore
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Thirteenth Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Sylvain Bouix
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marek Kubicki
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Thirteenth Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Yogesh Rathi
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Thirteenth Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Douglas L Rosene
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward H Yeterian
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Thirteenth Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Psychology, Colby College, Waterville, ME, USA
| | - Nikos Makris
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Thirteenth Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
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25
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Sun F, Zhang G, Yu T, Zhang X, Wang X, Yan X, Qiao L, Ma K, Zhang X. Functional characteristics of the human primary somatosensory cortex: An electrostimulation study. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 118:107920. [PMID: 33770611 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.107920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The common knowledge of the functional organization of the human primary somatosensory cortex (S1) had been primarily established by Penfield who electrically stimulated the exposed surface [referred as Brodmann area (BA)1] of S1 under neurosurgical conditions. Nevertheless, the functional information regarding the deep surface (BA 2 and 3) of S1 is poorly understood. We retrospectively analyzed all the clinical manifestations induced by extra-operative cortical electrical stimulation (ES) in 33 patients with medically intractable epilepsy who underwent stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) monitoring for presurgical assessment. Demographic and clinical data were gathered and evaluated to delineate the determinants of the occurrence of positive responses, types of responses, and size of body regions involved. The stimulation of 244 sites in S1 yielded 198 positive sites (81.1%), most of which were located in the sulcal cortex. In multivariable analyses, no clinical or demographic factors predicted the occurrence of responses or their threshold levels. The size of body region involved in the responses had ordinal association with the stimulated BA sites (p < 0.001). Various types of responses elicited from the S1 were documented and classified, and the predictors of those responses were also assessed. Our analysis revealed the functional characteristics of the entire S1 and proved the multiplicity of functions of S1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqiao Sun
- Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45, Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45, Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Tao Yu
- Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45, Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45, Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xueyuan Wang
- Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45, Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xiaoming Yan
- Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45, Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45, Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45, Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45, Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
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26
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Ngo GN, Haak KV, Beckmann CF, Menon RS. Mesoscale hierarchical organization of primary somatosensory cortex captured by resting-state-fMRI in humans. Neuroimage 2021; 235:118031. [PMID: 33836270 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary somatosensory cortex (S1) plays a key role in the processing and integration of afferent somatosensory inputs along an anterior-to-posterior axis, contributing towards necessary human function. It is believed that anatomical connectivity can be used to probe hierarchical organization, however direct characterization of this principle in-vivo within humans remains elusive. Here, we use resting-state functional connectivity as a complement to anatomical connectivity to investigate topographical principles of human S1. We employ a novel approach to examine mesoscopic variations of functional connectivity, and demonstrate a topographic organisation spanning the region's hierarchical axis that strongly correlates with underlying microstructure while tracing along architectonic Brodmann areas. Our findings characterize anatomical hierarchy of S1 as a 'continuous spectrum' with evidence supporting a functional boundary between areas 3b and 1. The identification of this topography bridges the gap between structure and connectivity, and may be used to help further current understanding of sensorimotor deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey N Ngo
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Koen V Haak
- Donders Institute of Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Christian F Beckmann
- Donders Institute of Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Ravi S Menon
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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27
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Sun F, Zhang G, Ren L, Yu T, Ren Z, Gao R, Zhang X. Functional organization of the human primary somatosensory cortex: A stereo-electroencephalography study. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:487-497. [PMID: 33465535 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The classical homunculus of the human primary somatosensory cortex (S1) established by Penfield has mainly portrayed the functional organization of convexial cortex, namely Brodmann area (BA) 1. However, little is known about the functions in fissural cortex including BA2 and BA3. We aim at drawing a refined and detailed somatosensory homunculus of the entire S1. METHODS We recruited 20 patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy who underwent stereo-electroencephalography for preoperative assessments. Direct electrical stimulation was performed for functional mapping. Montreal Neurological Institute coordinates of the stimulation sites lying in S1 were acquired. RESULTS Stimulation of 177 sites in S1 yielded 149 positive sites (84%), most of which were located in the sulcal cortex. The spatial distribution of different body-part representations across the S1 surface revealed that the gross medial-to-lateral sequence of body representations within the entire S1 was consistent with the classical "homunculus". And we identified several unreported body-part representations from the sulcal cortex, such as forehead, deep elbow and wrist joints, and some dorsal body regions. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal general somatotopical characteristics of the entire S1 cortex and differences with the previous works of Penfield. SIGNIFICANCE The classical S1 homunculus was extended by providing further refinement and additional detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqiao Sun
- Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45, Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45, Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Liankun Ren
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45, Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45, Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Zhiwei Ren
- Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45, Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Runshi Gao
- Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45, Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45, Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
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28
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Chivukula S, Zhang CY, Aflalo T, Jafari M, Pejsa K, Pouratian N, Andersen RA. Neural encoding of actual and imagined touch within human posterior parietal cortex. eLife 2021; 10:61646. [PMID: 33647233 PMCID: PMC7924956 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the human posterior parietal cortex (PPC), single units encode high-dimensional information with partially mixed representations that enable small populations of neurons to encode many variables relevant to movement planning, execution, cognition, and perception. Here, we test whether a PPC neuronal population previously demonstrated to encode visual and motor information is similarly engaged in the somatosensory domain. We recorded neurons within the PPC of a human clinical trial participant during actual touch presentation and during a tactile imagery task. Neurons encoded actual touch at short latency with bilateral receptive fields, organized by body part, and covered all tested regions. The tactile imagery task evoked body part-specific responses that shared a neural substrate with actual touch. Our results are the first neuron-level evidence of touch encoding in human PPC and its cognitive engagement during a tactile imagery task, which may reflect semantic processing, attention, sensory anticipation, or imagined touch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Chivukula
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States,Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Brain-Machine Interface Center, Chen Institute for Neuroscience, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States,Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Carey Y Zhang
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States,Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Brain-Machine Interface Center, Chen Institute for Neuroscience, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Tyson Aflalo
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States,Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Brain-Machine Interface Center, Chen Institute for Neuroscience, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Matiar Jafari
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States,Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Brain-Machine Interface Center, Chen Institute for Neuroscience, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States,Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Kelsie Pejsa
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States,Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Brain-Machine Interface Center, Chen Institute for Neuroscience, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Nader Pouratian
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States,Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Brain-Machine Interface Center, Chen Institute for Neuroscience, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States,Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Richard A Andersen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States,Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Brain-Machine Interface Center, Chen Institute for Neuroscience, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
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29
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Thomas J, Sharma D, Mohanta S, Jain N. Resting-State functional networks of different topographic representations in the somatosensory cortex of macaque monkeys and humans. Neuroimage 2020; 228:117694. [PMID: 33385552 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Information processing in the brain is mediated through a complex functional network architecture whose comprising nodes integrate and segregate themselves on different timescales. To gain an understanding of the network function it is imperative to identify and understand the network structure with respect to the underlying anatomical connectivity and the topographic organization. Here we show that the previously described resting-state network for the somatosensory area 3b comprises of distinct networks that are characteristic for different topographic representations. Seed-based resting-state functional connectivity analysis in macaque monkeys and humans using BOLD-fMRI signals from the face, the hand and rest of the medial somatosensory representations of area 3b revealed different correlation patterns. Both monkeys and humans have many similarities in the connectivity networks, although the networks are more complex in humans with many more nodes. In both the species face area network has the highest ipsilateral and contralateral connectivity, which included areas 3b and 4, and ventral premotor area. The area 3b hand network included ipsilateral hand representation in area 4. The emergent functional network structures largely reflect the known anatomical connectivity. Our results show that different body part representations in area 3b have independent functional networks perhaps reflecting differences in the behavioral use of different body parts. The results also show that large cortical areas if considered together, do not give a complete and accurate picture of the network architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Thomas
- National Brain Research Centre, NH 8, Manesar 122052, Haryana, India
| | - Dixit Sharma
- National Brain Research Centre, NH 8, Manesar 122052, Haryana, India
| | - Sounak Mohanta
- National Brain Research Centre, NH 8, Manesar 122052, Haryana, India
| | - Neeraj Jain
- National Brain Research Centre, NH 8, Manesar 122052, Haryana, India.
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30
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Implicit visual sensitivity towards slim versus overweight bodies modulates motor resonance in the primary motor cortex: A tDCS study. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 21:93-104. [PMID: 33263151 PMCID: PMC7994241 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-020-00850-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Motor resonance (MR) can be influenced by individual differences and similarity in the physical appearance between the actor and observer. Recently, we reported that action simulation is modulated by an implicit visual sensitivity towards normal-weight compared with overweight bodies. Furthermore, recent research has suggested the existence of an action observation network responsible for MR, with limited evidence whether the primary motor cortex (M1) is part of this. We expanded our previous findings with regards to the role of an implicit normal-weight-body preference in the MR mechanism. At the same time, we tested the functional relevance of M1 to MR, by using a transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) protocol. Seventeen normal-weight and 17 overweight participants were asked to observe normal-weight or overweight actors reaching and grasping a light or heavy cube, and then, at the end of each video-clip to indicate the correct cube weight. Before the task, all participants received 15 min of sham or cathodal tDCS over the left M1. Measures of anti-fat attitudes were also collected. During sham tDCS, all participants were better in simulating the actions performed by normal-weight compared with overweight models. Surprisingly, cathodal tDCS selectively improved the ability in the overweight group to simulate actions performed by the overweight models. This effect was not associated with scores of fat phobic attitudes or implicit anti-fat bias. Our findings are discussed in the context of relevance of M1 to MR and its social modulation by anti-fat attitudes.
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Kang DW, Wang SM, Na HR, Park SY, Kim NY, Lee CU, Kim D, Son SJ, Lim HK. Differences in cortical structure between cognitively normal East Asian and Caucasian older adults: a surface-based morphometry study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20905. [PMID: 33262399 PMCID: PMC7708477 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77848-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing literature on the impact of ethnicity on brain structure and function. Despite the regional heterogeneity in age-related changes and non-uniformity across brain morphometry measurements in the aging process, paucity of studies investigated the difference in cortical anatomy between the East Asian and Caucasian older adults. The present study aimed to compare cortical anatomy measurements, including cortical thickness, volume and surface area, between cognitively normal East Asian (n = 171) and Caucasian (n = 178) older adults, using surface-based morphometry and vertex-wise group analysis of high-dimensional structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. The East Asian group showed greater cortical thickness and larger cortical volume in the right superior temporal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, bilateral inferior temporal gyrus, and inferior parietal cortex. The Caucasian group showed thicker and larger cortex in the left transverse temporal cortex, lingual gyrus, right lateral occipital cortex, and precentral gyrus. Additionally, the difference in surface area was discordant with that in cortical thickness. Differences in brain structure between the East Asian and Caucasian might reflect differences in language and information processing, but further studies using standardized methods for assessing racial characteristics are needed. The research results represent a further step towards developing a comprehensive understanding of differences in brain structure between ethnicities of older adults, and this would enrich clinical research on aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Woo Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheng-Min Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Ran Na
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sonya Youngju Park
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nak Young Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Uk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Hyun Kook Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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V1 Projection Zone Signals in Human Macular Degeneration Depend on Task Despite Absence of Visual Stimulus. Curr Biol 2020; 31:406-412.e3. [PMID: 33157025 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Identifying the plastic and stable components of the visual cortex after retinal loss is an important topic in visual neuroscience and neuro-ophthalmology.1-5 Humans with juvenile macular degeneration (JMD) show significant blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) responses in the primary visual area (V1) lesion projection zone (LPZ),6 despite the absence of the feedforward signals from the degenerated retina. Our previous study7 reported that V1 LPZ responds to full-field visual stimuli during the one-back task (OBT), not during passive viewing, suggesting the involvement of task-related feedback signals. Aiming to clarify whether visual inputs to the intact retina are necessary for the LPZ responses, here, we measured BOLD responses to tactile and auditory stimuli for both JMD patients and control participants with and without OBT. Participants were instructed to close their eyes during the experiment for the purpose of eliminating retinal inputs. Without OBT, no V1 responses were detected in both groups of participants. With OBT, to the contrary, both stimuli caused substantial V1 responses in JMD patients, but not controls. Furthermore, we also found that the task-dependent activity in V1 LPZ became less pronounced when JMD patients opened their eyes, suggesting that task-related feedback signals can be partially suppressed by residual feedforward signals. Modality-independent V1 LPZ responses only in the task condition suggest that V1 LPZ responses reflect task-related feedback signals rather than reorganized feedforward visual inputs.
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33
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Panchuelo RMS, Eldeghaidy S, Marshall A, McGlone F, Francis ST, Favorov O. A nociresponsive specific area of human somatosensory cortex within BA3a: BA3c? Neuroimage 2020; 221:117187. [PMID: 32711068 PMCID: PMC7762820 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well recognized that in primates, including humans, noxious body stimulation evokes a neural response in the posterior bank of the central sulcus, in Brodmann cytoarchitectonic subdivisions 3b and 1 of the primary somatosensory cortex. This response is associated with the 1st/sharp pain and contributes to sensory discriminative aspects of pain perception and spatial localization of the noxious stimulus. However, neurophysiological studies in New World monkeys predict that in humans noxious stimulation also evokes a separate neural response-mediated by C-afferent drive and associated with the 2nd/burning pain-in the depth of the central sulcus in Brodmann area 3a (BA3a) at the transition between the somatosensory and motor cortices. To evoke such a response, it is necessary to use multi-second duration noxious stimulation, rather than brief laser pulses. Given the limited human pain-imaging literature on cortical responses induced by C-nociceptive input specifically within BA3a, here we used high spatial resolution 7T fMRI to study the response to thermonoxious skin stimulation. We observed the predicted response of BA3a in the depth of the central sulcus in five human volunteers. Review of the available evidence suggests that the nociresponsive region in the depth of the central sulcus is a structurally and functionally distinct cortical area that should not be confused with proprioceptive BA3a. It is most likely engaged in interoception and control of the autonomic nervous system, and contributes to the sympathetic response to noxious stimulation, arguably the most intolerable aspect of pain experience. Ablation of this region has been shown to reduce pain sensibility and might offer an effective means of ameliorating some pathological pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Sanchez Panchuelo
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Sally Eldeghaidy
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Future Food Beacon, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrew Marshall
- Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Francis McGlone
- School of natural Science and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Susan T Francis
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Oleg Favorov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, CB #7575, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Dinkelbach L, Südmeyer M, Hartmann CJ, Roeber S, Arzberger T, Felsberg J, Ferrea S, Moldovan AS, Amunts K, Schnitzler A, Caspers S. Somatosensory area 3b is selectively unaffected in corticobasal syndrome: combining MRI and histology. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 94:89-100. [PMID: 32593032 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of neuroimaging studies addressing patients with corticobasal syndrome use macroscopic definitions of brain regions. As a closer link to functionally relevant units, we aimed at identifying magnetic resonance-based atrophy patterns in regions defined by probability maps of cortical microstructure. For this purpose, three analyses were conducted: (1) Whole-brain cortical thickness was compared between 36 patients with corticobasal syndrome and 24 controls. A pattern of pericentral atrophy was found, covering primary motor area 4, premotor area 6, and primary somatosensory areas 1, 2, and 3a. Within the central region, only area 3b was without atrophy. (2) In 18 patients, longitudinal measures with follow-ups of up to 59 months (mean 21.3 ± 15.4) were analyzed. Areas 1, 2, and 6 showed significantly faster atrophy rates than primary somatosensory area 3b. (3) In an individual autopsy case, longitudinal in vivo morphometry and postmortem pathohistology were conducted. The rate of magnetic resonance-based atrophy was significantly correlated with tufted-astrocyte load in those cytoarchitectonically defined regions also seen in the group study, with area 3b being selectively unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Dinkelbach
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Südmeyer
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology, Ernst von Bergmann Klinikum, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christian Johannes Hartmann
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sigrun Roeber
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Arzberger
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg Felsberg
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefano Ferrea
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexia-Sabine Moldovan
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alfons Schnitzler
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
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35
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Abdelgabar AR, Suttrup J, Broersen R, Bhandari R, Picard S, Keysers C, De Zeeuw CI, Gazzola V. Action perception recruits the cerebellum and is impaired in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia. Brain 2020; 142:3791-3805. [PMID: 31747689 PMCID: PMC7409410 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our cerebellum has been proposed to generate prediction signals that may help us plan and execute our motor programmes. However, to what extent our cerebellum is also actively involved in perceiving the action of others remains to be elucidated. Using functional MRI, we show here that observing goal-directed hand actions of others bilaterally recruits lobules VI, VIIb and VIIIa in the cerebellar hemispheres. Moreover, whereas healthy subjects (n = 31) were found to be able to discriminate subtle differences in the kinematics of observed limb movements of others, patients suffering from spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6; n = 21) were severely impaired in performing such tasks. Our data suggest that the human cerebellum is actively involved in perceiving the kinematics of the hand actions of others and that SCA6 patients’ deficits include a difficulty in perceiving the actions of other individuals. This finding alerts us to the fact that cerebellar disorders can alter social cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel R Abdelgabar
- Social Brain Lab and Cerebellar Coordination and Cognition Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, A Research Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Suttrup
- Social Brain Lab and Cerebellar Coordination and Cognition Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, A Research Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robin Broersen
- Social Brain Lab and Cerebellar Coordination and Cognition Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, A Research Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam. Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ritu Bhandari
- Social Brain Lab and Cerebellar Coordination and Cognition Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, A Research Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Samuel Picard
- Social Brain Lab and Cerebellar Coordination and Cognition Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, A Research Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Keysers
- Social Brain Lab and Cerebellar Coordination and Cognition Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, A Research Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam. Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chris I De Zeeuw
- Social Brain Lab and Cerebellar Coordination and Cognition Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, A Research Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Valeria Gazzola
- Social Brain Lab and Cerebellar Coordination and Cognition Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, A Research Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam. Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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36
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Gu Y, Han F, Sainburg LE, Liu X. Transient Arousal Modulations Contribute to Resting-State Functional Connectivity Changes Associated with Head Motion Parameters. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:5242-5256. [PMID: 32406488 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Correlations of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) signals are being widely used for assessing the functional brain connectivity in health and disease. However, an association was recently observed between rsfMRI connectivity modulations and the head motion parameters and regarded as a causal relationship, which has raised serious concerns about the validity of many rsfMRI findings. Here, we studied the origin of this rsfMRI-motion association and its relationship to arousal modulations. By using a template-matching method to locate arousal-related fMRI changes, we showed that the effects of high motion time points on rsfMRI connectivity are largely due to their significant overlap with arousal-affected time points. The finding suggests that the association between rsfMRI connectivity and the head motion parameters arises from their comodulations at transient arousal modulations, and this information is critical not only for proper interpretation of motion-associated rsfMRI connectivity changes, but also for controlling the potential confounding effects of arousal modulation on rsfMRI metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yameng Gu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Feng Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Lucas E Sainburg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.,Institute for Computational and Data Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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37
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A probabilistic atlas of finger dominance in the primary somatosensory cortex. Neuroimage 2020; 217:116880. [PMID: 32376303 PMCID: PMC7339146 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of ultra-high field (7T), high spatial resolution functional MRI (fMRI) has allowed the differentiation of the cortical representations of each of the digits at an individual-subject level in human primary somatosensory cortex (S1). Here we generate a probabilistic atlas of the contralateral SI representations of the digits of both the left and right hand in a group of 22 right-handed individuals. The atlas is generated in both volume and surface standardised spaces from somatotopic maps obtained by delivering vibrotactile stimulation to each distal phalangeal digit using a travelling wave paradigm. Metrics quantify the likelihood of a given position being assigned to a digit (full probability map) and the most probable digit for a given spatial location (maximum probability map). The atlas is validated using a leave-one-out cross validation procedure. Anatomical variance across the somatotopic map is also assessed to investigate whether the functional variability across subjects is coupled to structural differences. This probabilistic atlas quantifies the variability in digit representations in healthy subjects, finding some quantifiable separability between digits 2, 3 and 4, a complex overlapping relationship between digits 1 and 2, and little agreement of digit 5 across subjects. The atlas and constituent subject maps are available online for use as a reference in future neuroimaging studies.
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38
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Blair JC, Lasiecka ZM, Patrie J, Barrett MJ, Druzgal TJ. Cytoarchitectonic Mapping of MRI Detects Rapid Changes in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurol 2020; 11:241. [PMID: 32425868 PMCID: PMC7203491 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical and pathological progression of Alzheimer's disease often proceeds rapidly, but little is understood about its structural characteristics over short intervals. This study evaluated the short temporal characteristics of the brain structure in Alzheimer's disease through the application of cytoarchitectonic probabilistic brain mapping to measurements of gray matter density, a technique which may provide advantages over standard volumetric MRI techniques. Gray matter density was calculated using voxel-based morphometry of T1-weighted MRI obtained from Alzheimer's disease patients and healthy controls evaluated at intervals of 0.5, 1.5, 3.5, 6.5, 9.5, 12, 18, and 24 months by the MIRIAD study. The Alzheimer's disease patients had 19.1% less gray matter at 1st MRI, and this declined 81.6% faster than in healthy controls. Atrophy in the hippocampus, amygdala, and basal forebrain distinguished the Alzheimer's disease patients. Notably, the CA2 of the hippocampus was found to have atrophied significantly within 1 month. Gray matter density measurements were reliable, with intraclass correlation coefficients exceeding 0.8. Comparative atrophy in the Alzheimer's disease group agreed with manual tracing MRI studies of Alzheimer's disease while identifying atrophy on a shorter time scale than has previously been reported. Cytoarchitectonic mapping of gray matter density is reliable and sensitive to small-scale neurodegeneration, indicating its use in the future study of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie C Blair
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Zofia M Lasiecka
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - James Patrie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Matthew J Barrett
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - T Jason Druzgal
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Brain Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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39
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Palombo M, Ianus A, Guerreri M, Nunes D, Alexander DC, Shemesh N, Zhang H. SANDI: A compartment-based model for non-invasive apparent soma and neurite imaging by diffusion MRI. Neuroimage 2020; 215:116835. [PMID: 32289460 PMCID: PMC8543044 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This work introduces a compartment-based model for apparent cell body (namely soma) and neurite density imaging (SANDI) using non-invasive diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI). The existing conjecture in brain microstructure imaging through DW-MRI presents water diffusion in white (WM) and gray (GM) matter as restricted diffusion in neurites, modelled by infinite cylinders of null radius embedded in the hindered extra-neurite water. The extra-neurite pool in WM corresponds to water in the extra-axonal space, but in GM it combines water in the extra-cellular space with water in soma. While several studies showed that this microstructure model successfully describe DW-MRI data in WM and GM at b ≤ 3,000 s/mm2 (or 3 ms/μm2), it has been also shown to fail in GM at high b values (b≫3,000 s/mm2 or 3 ms/μm2). Here we hypothesise that the unmodelled soma compartment (i.e. cell body of any brain cell type: from neuroglia to neurons) may be responsible for this failure and propose SANDI as a new model of brain microstructure where soma of any brain cell type is explicitly included. We assess the effects of size and density of soma on the direction-averaged DW-MRI signal at high b values and the regime of validity of the model using numerical simulations and comparison with experimental data from mouse (bmax = 40,000 s/mm2, or 40 ms/μm2) and human (bmax = 10,000 s/mm2, or 10 ms/μm2) brain. We show that SANDI defines new contrasts representing complementary information on the brain cyto- and myelo-architecture. Indeed, we show maps from 25 healthy human subjects of MR soma and neurite signal fractions, that remarkably mirror contrasts of histological images of brain cyto- and myelo-architecture. Although still under validation, SANDI might provide new insight into tissue architecture by introducing a new set of biomarkers of potential great value for biomedical applications and pure neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Palombo
- Centre for Medical Image Computing and Dept of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Andrada Ianus
- Centre for Medical Image Computing and Dept of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK; Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Michele Guerreri
- Centre for Medical Image Computing and Dept of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Nunes
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniel C Alexander
- Centre for Medical Image Computing and Dept of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Noam Shemesh
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hui Zhang
- Centre for Medical Image Computing and Dept of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
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40
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Blair JC, Barrett MJ, Patrie J, Flanigan JL, Sperling SA, Elias WJ, Druzgal TJ. Brain MRI Reveals Ascending Atrophy in Parkinson's Disease Across Severity. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1329. [PMID: 31920949 PMCID: PMC6930693 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Models which assess the progression of Lewy pathology in Parkinson's disease have proposed ascending spread in a caudal-rostral pattern. In-vivo human evidence for this theory is limited, in part because there are no biomarkers that allow for direct assessment of Lewy pathology. Here, we measured neurodegeneration via MRI, an outcome which may serve as a proxy for a more direct assessment of ascending models using a combination of (1) MRI-based measures of gray matter density and (2) regions of interest (ROIs) corresponding to cortical and subcortical loci implicated in past MRI and stereological studies of Parkinson's disease. Gray matter density was measured using brain MRI voxel-based morphometry from three cohorts: (1) early Parkinson's disease, (2) more advanced Parkinson's disease and (3) healthy controls. Early Parkinson's disease patients (N = 228, mean age = 61.9 years, mean disease duration = 0.6 years) were newly diagnosed by the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI). Advanced Parkinson's disease patients (N = 136, mean age = 63.5 years, mean disease duration = 8.0 years) were collected retrospectively from a local cohort undergoing evaluation for functional neurosurgery. Control subjects (N = 103, mean age = 60.2 years) were from PPMI. Comparative analyses focused on gray matter regions ranging from deep gray subcortical structures to the neocortex. ROIs were defined with existing probabilistic cytoarchitectonic brain maps. For subcortical regions of the basal forebrain, amygdala, and entorhinal cortex, advanced Parkinson's disease patients had significantly lower gray matter density when compared to both early Parkinson's disease and healthy controls. No differences were seen in neocortical regions that are "higher" in any proposed ascending pattern. Across early and advanced Parkinson's disease, gray matter density from nearly all subcortical regions significantly decreased with disease duration; no neocortical regions showed this effect. These results demonstrate that atrophy in advanced Parkinson's patients compared to early patients and healthy controls is largely confined to subcortical gray matter structures. The degree of atrophy in subcortical brain regions was linked to overall disease duration, suggesting an organized pattern of atrophy across severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie C. Blair
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Matthew J. Barrett
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - James Patrie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Joseph L. Flanigan
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Scott A. Sperling
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - W. Jeffrey Elias
- Brain Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - T. Jason Druzgal
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Brain Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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41
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Kaas A, Goebel R, Valente G, Sorger B. Topographic Somatosensory Imagery for Real-Time fMRI Brain-Computer Interfacing. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:427. [PMID: 31920588 PMCID: PMC6915074 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a promising non-invasive method for brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). BCIs translate brain activity into signals that allow communication with the outside world. Visual and motor imagery are often used as information-encoding strategies, but can be challenging if not grounded in recent experience in these modalities, e.g., in patients with locked-in-syndrome (LIS). In contrast, somatosensory imagery might constitute a more suitable information-encoding strategy as the somatosensory function is often very robust. Somatosensory imagery has been shown to activate the somatotopic cortex, but it has been unclear so far whether it can be reliably detected on a single-trial level and successfully classified according to specific somatosensory imagery content. Using ultra-high field 7-T fMRI, we show reliable and high-accuracy single-trial decoding of left-foot (LF) vs. right-hand (RH) somatosensory imagery. Correspondingly, higher decoding accuracies were associated with greater spatial separation of hand and foot decoding-weight patterns in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1). Exploiting these novel neuroscientific insights, we developed-and provide a proof of concept for-basic BCI communication by showing that binary (yes/no) answers encoded by somatosensory imagery can be decoded with high accuracy in simulated real-time (in 7 subjects) as well as in real-time (1 subject). This study demonstrates that body part-specific somatosensory imagery differentially activates somatosensory cortex in a topographically specific manner; evidence which was surprisingly still lacking in the literature. It also offers proof of concept for a novel somatosensory imagery-based fMRI-BCI control strategy, with particularly high potential for visually and motor-impaired patients. The strategy could also be transferred to lower MRI field strengths and to mobile functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Finally, given that communication BCIs provide the BCI user with a form of feedback based on their brain signals and can thus be considered as a specific form of neurofeedback, and that repeated use of a BCI has been shown to enhance underlying representations, we expect that the current BCI could also offer an interesting new approach for somatosensory rehabilitation training in the context of stroke and phantom limb pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Kaas
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Maastricht Brain Imaging Center, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Rainer Goebel
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Maastricht Brain Imaging Center, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Giancarlo Valente
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Maastricht Brain Imaging Center, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Bettina Sorger
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Maastricht Brain Imaging Center, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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42
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Kuo PC, Tseng YL, Zilles K, Suen S, Eickhoff SB, Lee JD, Cheng PE, Liou M. Brain dynamics and connectivity networks under natural auditory stimulation. Neuroimage 2019; 202:116042. [PMID: 31344485 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data is challenging when subjects are under exposure to natural sensory stimulation. In this study, a two-stage approach was developed to enable the identification of connectivity networks involved in the processing of information in the brain under natural sensory stimulation. In the first stage, the degree of concordance between the results of inter-subject and intra-subject correlation analyses is assessed statistically. The microstructurally (i.e., cytoarchitectonically) defined brain areas are designated either as concordant in which the results of both correlation analyses are in agreement, or as discordant in which one analysis method shows a higher proportion of supra-threshold voxels than does the other. In the second stage, connectivity networks are identified using the time courses of supra-threshold voxels in brain areas contingent upon the classifications derived in the first stage. In an empirical study, fMRI data were collected from 40 young adults (19 males, average age 22.76 ± 3.25), who underwent auditory stimulation involving sound clips of human voices and animal vocalizations under two operational conditions (i.e., eyes-closed and eyes-open). The operational conditions were designed to assess confounding effects due to auditory instructions or visual perception. The proposed two-stage analysis demonstrated that stress modulation (affective) and language networks in the limbic and cortical structures were respectively engaged during sound stimulation, and presented considerable variability among subjects. The network involved in regulating visuomotor control was sensitive to the eyes-open instruction, and presented only small variations among subjects. A high degree of concordance was observed between the two analyses in the primary auditory cortex which was highly sensitive to the pitch of sound clips. Our results have indicated that brain areas can be identified as concordant or discordant based on the two correlation analyses. This may further facilitate the search for connectivity networks involved in the processing of information under natural sensory stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chih Kuo
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Li Tseng
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Summit Suen
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Juin-Der Lee
- Graduate Institute of Business Administration, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Philip E Cheng
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michelle Liou
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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43
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Behncke J, Kern M, Ruescher J, Schulze-Bonhage A, Ball T. Probabilistic neuroanatomical assignment of intracranial electrodes using the ELAS toolbox. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 327:108396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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44
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Valyear KF, Philip BA, Cirstea CM, Chen PW, Baune NA, Marchal N, Frey SH. Interhemispheric transfer of post-amputation cortical plasticity within the human somatosensory cortex. Neuroimage 2019; 206:116291. [PMID: 31639508 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models reveal that deafferenting forelimb injuries precipitate reorganization in both contralateral and ipsilateral somatosensory cortices. The functional significance and duration of these effects are unknown, and it is unclear whether they also occur in injured humans. We delivered cutaneous stimulation during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to map the sensory cortical representation of the intact hand and lower face in a group of chronic, unilateral, upper extremity amputees (N = 19) and healthy matched controls (N = 29). Amputees exhibited greater activity than controls within the deafferented former sensory hand territory (S1f) during stimulation of the intact hand, but not of the lower face. Despite this cortical reorganization, amputees did not differ from controls in tactile acuity on their intact hands. S1f responses during hand stimulation were unrelated to tactile acuity, pain, prosthesis usage, or time since amputation. These effects appeared specific to the deafferented somatosensory modality, as fMRI visual mapping paradigm failed to detect any differences between groups. We conclude that S1f becomes responsive to cutaneous stimulation of the intact hand of amputees, and that this modality-specific reorganizational change persists for many years, if not indefinitely. The functional relevance of these changes, if any, remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth F Valyear
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Benjamin A Philip
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carmen M Cirstea
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Pin-Wei Chen
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nathan A Baune
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Noah Marchal
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Scott H Frey
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.
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45
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Corp DT, Joutsa J, Darby RR, Delnooz CCS, van de Warrenburg BPC, Cooke D, Prudente CN, Ren J, Reich MM, Batla A, Bhatia KP, Jinnah HA, Liu H, Fox MD. Network localization of cervical dystonia based on causal brain lesions. Brain 2019; 142:1660-1674. [PMID: 31099831 PMCID: PMC6536848 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical dystonia is a neurological disorder characterized by sustained, involuntary movements of the head and neck. Most cases of cervical dystonia are idiopathic, with no obvious cause, yet some cases are acquired, secondary to focal brain lesions. These latter cases are valuable as they establish a causal link between neuroanatomy and resultant symptoms, lending insight into the brain regions causing cervical dystonia and possible treatment targets. However, lesions causing cervical dystonia can occur in multiple different brain locations, leaving localization unclear. Here, we use a technique termed 'lesion network mapping', which uses connectome data from a large cohort of healthy subjects (resting state functional MRI, n = 1000) to test whether lesion locations causing cervical dystonia map to a common brain network. We then test whether this network, derived from brain lesions, is abnormal in patients with idiopathic cervical dystonia (n = 39) versus matched controls (n = 37). A systematic literature search identified 25 cases of lesion-induced cervical dystonia. Lesion locations were heterogeneous, with lesions scattered throughout the cerebellum, brainstem, and basal ganglia. However, these heterogeneous lesion locations were all part of a single functionally connected brain network. Positive connectivity to the cerebellum and negative connectivity to the somatosensory cortex were specific markers for cervical dystonia compared to lesions causing other neurological symptoms. Connectivity with these two regions defined a single brain network that encompassed the heterogeneous lesion locations causing cervical dystonia. These cerebellar and somatosensory regions also showed abnormal connectivity in patients with idiopathic cervical dystonia. Finally, the most effective deep brain stimulation sites for treating dystonia were connected to these same cerebellar and somatosensory regions identified using lesion network mapping. These results lend insight into the causal neuroanatomical substrate of cervical dystonia, demonstrate convergence across idiopathic and acquired dystonia, and identify a network target for dystonia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Corp
- Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation and Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Juho Joutsa
- Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation and Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - R Ryan Darby
- Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation and Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Bart P C van de Warrenburg
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle Cooke
- Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation and Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jianxun Ren
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Martin M Reich
- Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation and Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Deparment of Neurology, University Hospital and Julius-Maximilians-University, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Amit Batla
- UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Kailash P Bhatia
- Sobell Department of Movement Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, UCL, National Hospital for Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Hyder A Jinnah
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hesheng Liu
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Michael D Fox
- Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation and Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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46
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Whitsel BL, Vierck CJ, Waters RS, Tommerdahl M, Favorov OV. Contributions of Nociresponsive Area 3a to Normal and Abnormal Somatosensory Perception. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2019; 20:405-419. [PMID: 30227224 PMCID: PMC6420406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, cytoarchitectonic area 3a of primary somatosensory cortex (SI) has been regarded as a proprioceptive relay to motor cortex. However, neuronal spike-train recordings and optical intrinsic signal imaging, obtained from nonhuman sensorimotor cortex, show that neuronal activity in some of the cortical columns in area 3a can be readily triggered by a C-nociceptor afferent drive. These findings indicate that area 3a is a critical link in cerebral cortical encoding of secondary/slow pain. Also, area 3a contributes to abnormal pain processing in the presence of activity-dependent reversal of gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor-mediated inhibition. Accordingly, abnormal processing within area 3a may contribute mechanistically to generation of clinical pain conditions. PERSPECTIVE: Optical imaging and neurophysiological mapping of area 3a of SI has revealed substantial driving from unmyelinated cutaneous nociceptors, complementing input to areas 3b and 1 of SI from myelinated nociceptors and non-nociceptors. These and related findings force a reconsideration of mechanisms for SI processing of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry L Whitsel
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Charles J Vierck
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Robert S Waters
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Mark Tommerdahl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Oleg V Favorov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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47
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Richter M, Amunts K, Mohlberg H, Bludau S, Eickhoff SB, Zilles K, Caspers S. Cytoarchitectonic segregation of human posterior intraparietal and adjacent parieto-occipital sulcus and its relation to visuomotor and cognitive functions. Cereb Cortex 2019; 29:1305-1327. [PMID: 30561508 PMCID: PMC6373694 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human posterior intraparietal sulcus (pIPS) and adjacent posterior wall of parieto-occipital sulcus (POS) are functionally diverse, serving higher motor, visual and cognitive functions. Its microstructural basis, though, is still largely unknown. A similar or even more pronounced architectonical complexity, as described in monkeys, could be assumed. We cytoarchitectonically mapped the pIPS/POS in 10 human postmortem brains using an observer-independent, quantitative parcellation. 3D-probability maps were generated within MNI reference space and used for functional decoding and meta-analytic coactivation modeling based on the BrainMap database to decode the general structural-functional organization of the areas. Seven cytoarchitectonically distinct areas were identified: five within human pIPS, three on its lateral (hIP4-6) and two on its medial wall (hIP7-8); and two (hPO1, hOc6) in POS. Mediocaudal areas (hIP7, hPO1) were predominantly involved in visual processing, whereas laterorostral areas (hIP4-6, 8) were associated with higher cognitive functions, e.g. counting. This shift was mirrored by systematic changes in connectivity, from temporo-occipital to premotor and prefrontal cortex, and in cytoarchitecture, from prominent Layer IIIc pyramidal cells to homogeneous neuronal distribution. This architectonical mosaic within human pIPS/POS represents a structural basis of its functional and connectional heterogeneity. The new 3D-maps of the areas enable dedicated assessments of structure-function relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Richter
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katrin Amunts
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Hartmut Mohlberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bludau
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Svenja Caspers
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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Schmidt TT, Blankenburg F. The Somatotopy of Mental Tactile Imagery. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:10. [PMID: 30833894 PMCID: PMC6387936 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
To what degree mental imagery (MI) bears on the same neuronal processes as perception has been a central question in the neurophysiological study of imagery. Sensory-recruitment models suggest that imagery of sensory material heavily relies on the involvement of sensory cortices. Empirical evidence mainly stems from the study of visual imagery and suggests that it depends on the mentally imagined material whether hierarchically lower regions are recruited. However, evidence from other modalities is necessary to infer generalized principles. In this fMRI study we used the somatotopic organization of the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) to test in how far MI of tactile sensations activates topographically sensory brain areas. Participants (N = 19) either perceived or imagined vibrotactile stimuli on their left or right thumbs or big toes. The direct comparison to a corresponding perception condition revealed that SI was somatotopically recruited during imagery. While stimulus driven bottom-up processing induced activity throughout all SI subareas, i.e., BA1, BA3a, BA3b, and BA2 defined by probabilistic cytoarchitectonic maps, top-down recruitment during imagery was limited to the hierarchically highest subarea BA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Torsten Schmidt
- Neurocomputation and Neuroimaging Unit, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Blankenburg
- Neurocomputation and Neuroimaging Unit, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Lamp G, Goodin P, Palmer S, Low E, Barutchu A, Carey LM. Activation of Bilateral Secondary Somatosensory Cortex With Right Hand Touch Stimulation: A Meta-Analysis of Functional Neuroimaging Studies. Front Neurol 2019; 9:1129. [PMID: 30687211 PMCID: PMC6335946 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Brain regions involved in processing somatosensory information have been well documented through lesion, post-mortem, animal, and more recently, structural and functional neuroimaging studies. Functional neuroimaging studies characterize brain activation related to somatosensory processing; yet a meta-analysis synthesis of these findings is currently lacking and in-depth knowledge of the regions involved in somatosensory-related tasks may also be confounded by motor influences. Objectives: Our Activation Likelihood Estimate (ALE) meta-analysis sought to quantify brain regions that are involved in the tactile processing of the right (RH) and left hands (LH) separately, with the exclusion of motor related activity. Methods: The majority of studies (n = 41) measured activation associated with RH tactile stimulation. RH activation studies were grouped into those which conducted whole-brain analyses (n = 29) and those which examined specific regions of interest (ROI; n = 12). Few studies examined LH activation, though all were whole-brain studies (N = 7). Results: Meta-analysis of brain activation associated with RH tactile stimulation (whole-brain studies) revealed large clusters of activation in the left primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and bilaterally in the secondary somatosensory cortex (S2; including parietal operculum) and supramarginal gyrus (SMG), as well as the left anterior cingulate. Comparison between findings from RH whole-brain and ROI studies revealed activation as expected, but restricted primarily to S1 and S2 regions. Further, preliminary analyses of LH stimulation studies only, revealed two small clusters within the right S1 and S2 regions, likely limited due to the small number of studies. Contrast analyses revealed the one area of overlap for RH and LH, was right secondary somatosensory region. Conclusions: Findings from the whole-brain meta-analysis of right hand tactile stimulation emphasize the importance of taking into consideration bilateral activation, particularly in secondary somatosensory cortex. Further, the right parietal operculum/S2 region was commonly activated for right and left hand tactile stimulation, suggesting a lateralized pattern of somatosensory activation in right secondary somatosensory region. Implications for further research and for possible differences in right and left hemispheric stroke lesions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Lamp
- Neurorehabilitation and Recovery, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Goodin
- Neurorehabilitation and Recovery, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Susan Palmer
- Neurorehabilitation and Recovery, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Essie Low
- Neurorehabilitation and Recovery, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Sunshine Hospital, Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ayla Barutchu
- Neurorehabilitation and Recovery, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Balliol College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Leeanne M. Carey
- Neurorehabilitation and Recovery, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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50
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Kropf E, Syan SK, Minuzzi L, Frey BN. From anatomy to function: the role of the somatosensory cortex in emotional regulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 41:261-269. [PMID: 30540029 PMCID: PMC6794131 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Since the pioneering work of Penfield and his colleagues in the 1930s, the somatosensory cortex, which is located on the postcentral gyrus, has been known for its central role in processing sensory information from various parts of the body. More recently, a converging body of literature has shown that the somatosensory cortex also plays an important role in each stage of emotional processing, including identification of emotional significance in a stimulus, generation of emotional states, and regulation of emotion. Importantly, studies conducted in individuals suffering from mental disorders associated with abnormal emotional regulation, such as major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and panic disorders, specific phobia, obesity, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, have found structural and functional changes in the somatosensory cortex. Common observations in the somatosensory cortices of individuals with mood disorders include alterations in gray matter volume, cortical thickness, abnormal functional connectivity with other brain regions, and changes in metabolic rates. These findings support the hypothesis that the somatosensory cortex may be a treatment target for certain mental disorders. In this review, we discuss the anatomy, connectivity, and functions of the somatosensory cortex, with a focus on its role in emotional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Kropf
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Sabrina K Syan
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Luciano Minuzzi
- Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Benicio N Frey
- Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada
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