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Maltman N, Sterling A, Santos E, Hagerman R. Language use predicts symptoms of fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome in men and women with the FMR1 premutation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20707. [PMID: 39237554 PMCID: PMC11377817 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70810-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder caused by a premutation of the FMR1 gene on the X chromosome. Despite the pervasive physical and cognitive effects of FXTAS, no studies have examined language in symptomatic males and females, limiting utility as an outcome measure in clinical trials of FXTAS. The goal of this work is to determine (a) the extent to which male and female FMR1 premutation carriers with FXTAS symptoms differ in their language use and (b) whether language production predicts FXTAS symptoms. Thirty-one individuals with the FMR1 premutation (21M, 10F), ages 58-85 years with some symptoms of FXTAS, were recruited from a larger cross-sectional study. Participants completed a five-minute monologic language sample. Language transcripts were assessed for rate of dysfluencies, lexical-semantics, syntax, and speech rate. Multivariable linear and ordinal regressions were used to predict FXTAS-associated symptoms, cognitive functioning, and executive functioning. Males and females did not differ in their language use. Language production predicted FXTAS symptom severity, cognitive functioning, and executive functioning. Language production difficulties may co-occur with FXTAS-associated symptoms and may be a viable outcome measure in future clinical trials, with future research needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nell Maltman
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Arizona, 1131 2nd St , Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
| | - Audra Sterling
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1975 Willow Dr, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Ellery Santos
- MIND Institute, University of California-Davis, 2825 50th St., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Randi Hagerman
- MIND Institute, University of California-Davis, 2825 50th St., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
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Kenyon KH, Boonstra F, Noffs G, Morgan AT, Vogel AP, Kolbe S, Van Der Walt A. The characteristics and reproducibility of motor speech functional neuroimaging in healthy controls. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1382102. [PMID: 39171097 PMCID: PMC11335534 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1382102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can improve our understanding of neural processes subserving motor speech function. Yet its reproducibility remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the reproducibility of fMRI using a word repetition task across two time points. Methods Imaging data from 14 healthy controls were analysed using a multi-level general linear model. Results Significant activation was observed during the task in the right hemispheric cerebellar lobules IV-V, right putamen, and bilateral sensorimotor cortices. Activation between timepoints was found to be moderately reproducible across time in the cerebellum but not in other brain regions. Discussion Preliminary findings highlight the involvement of the cerebellum and connected cerebral regions during a motor speech task. More work is needed to determine the degree of reproducibility of speech fMRI before this could be used as a reliable marker of changes in brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine H. Kenyon
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Frederique Boonstra
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gustavo Noffs
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Redenlab Inc., Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Angela T. Morgan
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne School of Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam P. Vogel
- Redenlab Inc., Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Scott Kolbe
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anneke Van Der Walt
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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3
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Tovar A, Perry SJ, Muñoz E, Painous C, Santacruz P, Ruiz-Idiago J, Mareca C, Hinzen W. Understanding of referential dependencies in Huntington's disease. Neuropsychologia 2024; 197:108845. [PMID: 38447638 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Tovar
- Translation and Language Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Carrer Roc Boronat, 138, 08018, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Scott James Perry
- University of Alberta, Department of Linguistics, 116 St & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Esteban Muñoz
- Parkinson's Disease and Other Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, C. de Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Carrer del Rosselló, 149, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona, Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, 585, 08007, Barcelona, Spain; European Reference Networks, European Reference Network-Rare Neurological Diseases, UK
| | - Celia Painous
- Parkinson's Disease and Other Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, C. de Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Santacruz
- Parkinson's Disease and Other Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, C. de Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Ruiz-Idiago
- Neuropsychiatry Unit, Hospital Mare de Deu de la Merce, Passeig Universal, 34, 44, 08042, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Plaça Cívica, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Celia Mareca
- Neuropsychiatry Unit, Hospital Mare de Deu de la Merce, Passeig Universal, 34, 44, 08042, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wolfram Hinzen
- Translation and Language Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Carrer Roc Boronat, 138, 08018, Barcelona, Spain; ICREA Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats, Barcelona, Spain
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Bulut T, Hagoort P. Contributions of the left and right thalami to language: A meta-analytic approach. Brain Struct Funct 2024:10.1007/s00429-024-02795-3. [PMID: 38625556 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-024-02795-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a pervasive cortico-centric view in cognitive neuroscience, subcortical structures including the thalamus have been shown to be increasingly involved in higher cognitive functions. Previous structural and functional imaging studies demonstrated cortico-thalamo-cortical loops which may support various cognitive functions including language. However, large-scale functional connectivity of the thalamus during language tasks has not been examined before. METHODS The present study employed meta-analytic connectivity modeling to identify language-related coactivation patterns of the left and right thalami. The left and right thalami were used as regions of interest to search the BrainMap functional database for neuroimaging experiments with healthy participants reporting language-related activations in each region of interest. Activation likelihood estimation analyses were then carried out on the foci extracted from the identified studies to estimate functional convergence for each thalamus. A functional decoding analysis based on the same database was conducted to characterize thalamic contributions to different language functions. RESULTS The results revealed bilateral frontotemporal and bilateral subcortical (basal ganglia) coactivation patterns for both the left and right thalami, and also right cerebellar coactivations for the left thalamus, during language processing. In light of previous empirical studies and theoretical frameworks, the present connectivity and functional decoding findings suggest that cortico-subcortical-cerebellar-cortical loops modulate and fine-tune information transfer within the bilateral frontotemporal cortices during language processing, especially during production and semantic operations, but also other language (e.g., syntax, phonology) and cognitive operations (e.g., attention, cognitive control). CONCLUSION The current findings show that the language-relevant network extends beyond the classical left perisylvian cortices and spans bilateral cortical, bilateral subcortical (bilateral thalamus, bilateral basal ganglia) and right cerebellar regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talat Bulut
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Peter Hagoort
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Soshi T. Neural Coupling between Interhemispheric and Frontoparietal Functional Connectivity during Semantic Processing. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1601. [PMID: 38002560 PMCID: PMC10670303 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13111601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Interhemispheric and frontoparietal functional connectivity have been reported to increase during explicit information processing. However, it is unclear how and when interhemispheric and frontoparietal functional connectivity interact during explicit semantic processing. Here, we tested the neural coupling hypothesis that explicit semantic processing promotes neural activity in the nondominant right hemispheric areas, owing to synchronization with enhanced frontoparietal functional connectivity at later processing stages. We analyzed electroencephalogram data obtained using a semantic priming paradigm, which comprised visual priming and target words successively presented under direct or indirect attention to semantic association. Scalp potential analysis demonstrated that the explicit processing of congruent targets reduced negative event-related potentials, as previously reported. Current source density analysis showed that explicit semantic processing activated the right temporal area during later temporal intervals. Subsequent dynamic functional connectivity and neural coupling analyses revealed that explicit semantic processing increased the correlation between right temporal source activities and frontoparietal functional connectivity in later temporal intervals. These findings indicate that explicit semantic processing increases neural coupling between the interhemispheric and frontoparietal functional connectivity during later processing stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Soshi
- Department of English Language Studies, Faculty of Foreign Language Studies, Mejiro University, Shinjyuku, Tokyo 161-8539, Japan
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Papanicolaou AC. Non-Invasive Mapping of the Neuronal Networks of Language. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1457. [PMID: 37891824 PMCID: PMC10605023 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review consists of three main sections. In the first, the Introduction, the main theories of the neuronal mediation of linguistic operations, derived mostly from studies of the effects of focal lesions on linguistic performance, are summarized. These models furnish the conceptual framework on which the design of subsequent functional neuroimaging investigations is based. In the second section, the methods of functional neuroimaging, especially those of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and of Magnetoencephalography (MEG), are detailed along with the specific activation tasks employed in presurgical functional mapping. The reliability of these non-invasive methods and their validity, judged against the results of the invasive methods, namely, the "Wada" procedure and Cortical Stimulation Mapping (CSM), is assessed and their use in presurgical mapping is justified. In the third and final section, the applications of fMRI and MEG in basic research are surveyed in the following six sub-sections, each dealing with the assessment of the neuronal networks for (1) the acoustic and phonological, (2) for semantic, (3) for syntactic, (4) for prosodic operations, (5) for sign language and (6) for the operations of reading and the mechanisms of dyslexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Papanicolaou
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38013, USA
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Pellegrino M, Ben-Soussan TD, Paoletti P. A Scoping Review on Movement, Neurobiology and Functional Deficits in Dyslexia: Suggestions for a Three-Fold Integrated Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3315. [PMID: 36834011 PMCID: PMC9966639 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Developmental dyslexia is a common complex neurodevelopmental disorder. Many theories and models tried to explain its symptomatology and find ways to improve poor reading abilities. The aim of this scoping review is to summarize current findings and several approaches and theories, focusing on the interconnectedness between motion, emotion and cognition and their connection to dyslexia. Consequently, we present first a brief overview of the main theories and models regarding dyslexia and its proposed neural correlates, with a particular focus on cerebellar regions and their involvement in this disorder. After examining different types of intervention programs and remedial training, we highlight the effects of a specific structured sensorimotor intervention named Quadrato Motor Training (QMT). QMT utilizes several cognitive and motor functions known to be relevant in developmental dyslexia. We introduce its potential beneficial effects on reading skills, including working memory, coordination and attention. We sum its effects ranging from behavioral to functional, structural and neuroplastic, especially in relation to dyslexia. We report several recent studies that employed this training technique with dyslexic participants, discussing the specific features that distinguish it from other training within the specific framework of the Sphere Model of Consciousness. Finally, we advocate for a new perspective on developmental dyslexia integrating motion, emotion and cognition to fully encompass this complex disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Pellegrino
- Research Institute for Neuroscience, Education and Didactics, Patrizio Paoletti Foundation for Development and Communication, 06081 Assisi, Italy
| | - Tal Dotan Ben-Soussan
- Research Institute for Neuroscience, Education and Didactics, Patrizio Paoletti Foundation for Development and Communication, 06081 Assisi, Italy
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Patel S, Grabowski C, Dayalu V, Testa AJ. Speech error rates after a sports-related concussion. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1135441. [PMID: 36960009 PMCID: PMC10027790 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1135441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alterations in speech have long been identified as indicators of various neurologic conditions including traumatic brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and stroke. The extent to which speech errors occur in milder brain injuries, such as sports-related concussions, is unknown. The present study examined speech error rates in student athletes after a sports-related concussion compared to pre-injury speech performance in order to determine the presence and relevant characteristics of changes in speech production in this less easily detected neurologic condition. Methods A within-subjects pre/post-injury design was used. A total of 359 Division I student athletes participated in pre-season baseline speech testing. Of these, 27 athletes (18-22 years) who sustained a concussion also participated in speech testing in the days immediately following diagnosis of concussion. Picture description tasks were utilized to prompt connected speech samples. These samples were recorded and then transcribed for identification of errors and disfluencies. These were coded by two trained raters using a 6-category system that included 14 types of error metrics. Results Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare the difference in error rates at baseline and post-concussion. Results revealed significant increases in the speech error categories of pauses and time fillers (interjections/fillers). Additionally, regression analysis showed that a different pattern of errors and disfluencies occur after a sports-related concussion (primarily time fillers) compared to pre-injury (primarily pauses). Conclusion Results demonstrate that speech error rates increase following even mild head injuries, in particular, sports-related concussion. Furthermore, the speech error patterns driving this increase in speech errors, rate of pauses and interjections, are distinct features of this neurological injury, which is in contrast with more severe injuries that are marked by articulation errors and an overall reduction in verbal output. Future studies should consider speech as a diagnostic tool for concussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Patel
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Seton Hall University, Nutley, NJ, United States
- Department of Medical Sciences, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Sona Patel,
| | - Caryn Grabowski
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Seton Hall University, Nutley, NJ, United States
| | - Vikram Dayalu
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Seton Hall University, Nutley, NJ, United States
| | - Anthony J. Testa
- Center for Sports Medicine, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, United States
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9
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Guo Y, Zheng H, Long J. Gating at cortical level contributes to auditory-motor synchronization during repetitive finger tapping. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:6198-6206. [PMID: 36563001 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory integration contributes to temporal coordination of the movement with external rhythms. How the information flowing of sensory inputs is regulated with increasing tapping rates and its function remains unknown. Here, somatosensory evoked potentials to ulnar nerve stimulation were recorded during auditory-cued repetitive right-index finger tapping at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 Hz in 13 healthy subjects. We found that sensory inputs were suppressed at subcortical level (represented by P14) and primary somatosensory cortex (S1, represented by N20/P25) during repetitive tapping. This suppression was decreased in S1 but not in subcortical level during fast repetitive tapping (2, 3, and 4 Hz) compared with slow repetitive tapping (0.5 and 1 Hz). Furthermore, we assessed the ability to analyze temporal information in S1 by measuring the somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold (STDT). STDT increased during fast repetitive tapping compared with slow repetitive tapping, which was negatively correlated with the task performance of phase shift and positively correlated with the peak-to-peak amplitude (% of resting) in S1 but not in subcortical level. These novel findings indicate that the increased sensory input (lower sensory gating) in S1 may lead to greater temporal uncertainty for sensorimotor integration dereasing the performance of repetitive movement during increasing tapping rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiu Guo
- Jinan University, College of Information Science and Technology, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Huixian Zheng
- Jinan University, College of Information Science and Technology, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jinyi Long
- Jinan University, College of Information Science and Technology, Guangzhou 510632, China
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10
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Ekström AG. Motor constellation theory: A model of infants' phonological development. Front Psychol 2022; 13:996894. [PMID: 36405212 PMCID: PMC9669916 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.996894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Every normally developing human infant solves the difficult problem of mapping their native-language phonology, but the neural mechanisms underpinning this behavior remain poorly understood. Here, motor constellation theory, an integrative neurophonological model, is presented, with the goal of explicating this issue. It is assumed that infants' motor-auditory phonological mapping takes place through infants' orosensory "reaching" for phonological elements observed in the language-specific ambient phonology, via reference to kinesthetic feedback from motor systems (e.g., articulators), and auditory feedback from resulting speech and speech-like sounds. Attempts are regulated by basal ganglion-cerebellar speech neural circuitry, and successful attempts at reproduction are enforced through dopaminergic signaling. Early in life, the pace of anatomical development constrains mapping such that complete language-specific phonological mapping is prohibited by infants' undeveloped supralaryngeal vocal tract and undescended larynx; constraints gradually dissolve with age, enabling adult phonology. Where appropriate, reference is made to findings from animal and clinical models. Some implications for future modeling and simulation efforts, as well as clinical settings, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel G. Ekström
- Speech, Music and Hearing, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Bulut T. Meta-analytic connectivity modeling of the left and right inferior frontal gyri. Cortex 2022; 155:107-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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An Update on the Measurement of Motor Cerebellar Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis. THE CEREBELLUM 2022:10.1007/s12311-022-01435-y. [PMID: 35761144 PMCID: PMC9244122 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01435-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive disease that often affects the cerebellum. It is characterised by demyelination, inflammation, and neurodegeneration within the central nervous system. Damage to the cerebellum in MS is associated with increased disability and decreased quality of life. Symptoms include gait and balance problems, motor speech disorder, upper limb dysfunction, and oculomotor difficulties. Monitoring symptoms is crucial for effective management of MS. A combination of clinical, neuroimaging, and task-based measures is generally used to diagnose and monitor MS. This paper reviews the present and new tools used by clinicians and researchers to assess cerebellar impairment in people with MS (pwMS). It also describes recent advances in digital and home-based monitoring for people with MS.
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Briley PM, Liddle EB, Simmonite M, Jansen M, White TP, Balain V, Palaniyappan L, Bowtell R, Mullinger KJ, Liddle PF. Regional Brain Correlates of Beta Bursts in Health and Psychosis: A Concurrent Electroencephalography and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2021; 6:1145-1156. [PMID: 33495122 PMCID: PMC8648891 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is emerging evidence for abnormal beta oscillations in psychosis. Beta oscillations are likely to play a key role in the coordination of sensorimotor information that is crucial to healthy mental function. Growing evidence suggests that beta oscillations typically manifest as transient beta bursts that increase in probability following a motor response, observable as post-movement beta rebound. Evidence indicates that post-movement beta rebound is attenuated in psychosis, with greater attenuation associated with greater symptom severity and impairment. Delineating the functional role of beta bursts therefore may be key to understanding the mechanisms underlying persistent psychotic illness. METHODS We used concurrent electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging to identify blood oxygen level-dependent correlates of beta bursts during the n-back working memory task and intervening rest periods in healthy control participants (n = 30) and patients with psychosis (n = 48). RESULTS During both task blocks and intervening rest periods, beta bursts phasically activated regions implicated in task-relevant content while suppressing currently tonically active regions. Patients showed attenuated post-movement beta rebound that was associated with persisting disorganization symptoms as well as impairments in cognition and role function. Patients also showed greater task-related reductions in overall beta burst rate and showed greater, more extensive, beta burst-related blood oxygen level-dependent activation. CONCLUSIONS Our evidence supports a model in which beta bursts reactivate latently maintained sensorimotor information and are dysregulated and inefficient in psychosis. We propose that abnormalities in the mechanisms by which beta bursts coordinate reactivation of contextually appropriate content can manifest as disorganization, working memory deficits, and inaccurate forward models and may underlie a core deficit associated with persisting symptoms and impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Briley
- Institute of Mental Health, Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Mapperley, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth B Liddle
- Institute of Mental Health, Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Molly Simmonite
- Institute of Mental Health, Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Marije Jansen
- Institute of Mental Health, Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas P White
- Institute of Mental Health, Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Vijender Balain
- Institute of Mental Health, Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Burnaby Centre for Mental Health and Addictions, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- Institute of Mental Health, Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Bowtell
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Karen J Mullinger
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom; School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Peter F Liddle
- Institute of Mental Health, Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
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Chu SY, Lee J, Barlow SM, Ben-David B, Lim KX, Foong JH. Oral-diadochokinetic rates among healthy Malaysian-Mandarin speakers: A cross linguistic comparison. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2021; 23:419-429. [PMID: 33059474 DOI: 10.1080/17549507.2020.1808701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the effects of non-word versus real word, age, and gender on oral-DDK rates among healthy Malaysian-Mandarin speakers. Comparison between non-word of Malaysian-Mandarin and Hebrew speakers was examined. METHOD One-hundred and seventeen speakers (18-83 years old, 46% men) were audio-recorded while performing non-word (repetition of "pataka") and real-word oral-DDK tasks ("butter cake" and " ([pha4tha1khan4])"). The number of syllables produced in 8 seconds was counted from the audio recording to derive the oral-DDK rates. A MANOVA was conducted to compare the rates between age groups (young = 18-40 years, n = 56; middle = 41-60 years, n = 39; older = 61-83 years, n = 22) and gender. In a second analysis, "pataka" results were compared between this study and previous findings with Hebrew speakers. RESULT No gender effects were found. However, rates significantly decreased with age (p < 0.001). Repetition of real words was faster than that of non-words - English words (5.55 ± 1.19 syllables/s) > non-words (5.29 ± 1.23) > Mandarin words (4.91 ± 1.13). Malaysian-Mandarin speakers performed slower than Hebrew speakers on "pataka" task. CONCLUSION Aging has a large impact on oromotor functions, indicating that speech-language pathologists should consider using age-adjusted norms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Ying Chu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Speech Sciences Programme, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jaehoon Lee
- Department of Educational Psychology and Leadership, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Steven M Barlow
- Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Associate Director: Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Director, Communication Neuroscience Laboratories, 141 Barkley Memorial Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Boaz Ben-David
- Communication Aging and Neuropsychology Lab (CANlab), Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, the Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya, Israel
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Networks (UHN), Ontario, Canada
| | - Kai Xing Lim
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Speech Sciences Programme, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jia Hao Foong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Speech Sciences Programme, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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15
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Turriziani P, Chiaramonte G, Mangano GR, Bonaventura RE, Smirni D, Oliveri M. Improvement of phonemic fluency following leftward prism adaptation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7313. [PMID: 33790347 PMCID: PMC8012568 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86625-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anatomo functional studies of prism adaptation (PA) have been shown to modulate a brain frontal-parieto-temporal network, increasing activation of this network in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the side of prism deviation. This effect raises the hypothesis that left prism adaptation, modulating frontal areas of the left hemisphere, could modify subjects’ performance on linguistic tasks that map on those areas. To test this hypothesis, 51 healthy subjects participated in experiments in which leftward or rightward prism adaptation were applied before the execution of a phonemic fluency task, i.e., a task with strict left hemispheric lateralization onto frontal areas. Results showed that leftward PA significantly increased the number of words produced whereas rightward PA did not significantly modulate phonemic fluency. The present findings document modulation of a language ability following prism adaptation. The results could have a huge clinical impact in neurological populations, opening new strategies of intervention for language and executive dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Turriziani
- Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 15, 90128, Palermo, Italy.,NeuroTeam Life and Science, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gabriele Chiaramonte
- Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 15, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Renata Mangano
- Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 15, 90128, Palermo, Italy.,NeuroTeam Life and Science, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosario Emanuele Bonaventura
- Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 15, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Smirni
- Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 15, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Oliveri
- Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 15, 90128, Palermo, Italy. .,NeuroTeam Life and Science, Palermo, Italy.
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16
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Klejbor I, Mahmood S, Melka N, Ebertowska A, Morys J, Stachowiak EK, Stachowiak MK, Patel MS. Phenylbutyrate administration reduces changes in the cerebellar Purkinje cells population in PDC-deficient mice. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2020. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2020-027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Lewis JD, Fonov VS, Collins DL, Evans AC, Tohka J. Cortical and subcortical T1 white/gray contrast, chronological age, and cognitive performance. Neuroimage 2019; 196:276-288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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18
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Rusz J, Vaneckova M, Benova B, Tykalova T, Novotny M, Ruzickova H, Uher T, Andelova M, Novotna K, Friedova L, Motyl J, Kucerova K, Krasensky J, Horakova D. Brain volumetric correlates of dysarthria in multiple sclerosis. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2019; 194:58-64. [PMID: 31102976 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although dysarthria is a common pattern in multiple sclerosis (MS), the contribution of specific brain areas to key factors of dysarthria remains unknown. Speech data were acquired from 123 MS patients with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) ranging from 1 to 6.5 and 60 matched healthy controls. Results of computerized acoustic analyses of subtests on spastic and ataxic aspects of dysarthria were correlated with MRI-based brain volume measurements. Slow articulation rate during reading was associated with bilateral white and grey matter loss whereas reduced maximum speed during oral diadochokinesis was related to greater cerebellar involvement. Articulation rate showed similar correlation to whole brain atrophy (r = 0.46, p < 0.001) as the standard clinical scales such as EDSS (r = -0.45, p < 0.001). Our results support the critical role of the pyramidal tract and cerebellum in the modification of motor speech timing in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rusz
- Department of Circuit Theory, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Manuela Vaneckova
- Department of Radiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Benova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Tykalova
- Department of Circuit Theory, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Novotny
- Department of Circuit Theory, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Ruzickova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Uher
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Andelova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Novotna
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Friedova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Motyl
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Kucerova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Krasensky
- Department of Radiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Horakova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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19
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Tagarelli KM, Shattuck KF, Turkeltaub PE, Ullman MT. Language learning in the adult brain: A neuroanatomical meta-analysis of lexical and grammatical learning. Neuroimage 2019; 193:178-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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20
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Cooney C, Folli R, Coyle D. Neurolinguistics Research Advancing Development of a Direct-Speech Brain-Computer Interface. iScience 2018; 8:103-125. [PMID: 30296666 PMCID: PMC6174918 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A direct-speech brain-computer interface (DS-BCI) acquires neural signals corresponding to imagined speech, then processes and decodes these signals to produce a linguistic output in the form of phonemes, words, or sentences. Recent research has shown the potential of neurolinguistics to enhance decoding approaches to imagined speech with the inclusion of semantics and phonology in experimental procedures. As neurolinguistics research findings are beginning to be incorporated within the scope of DS-BCI research, it is our view that a thorough understanding of imagined speech, and its relationship with overt speech, must be considered an integral feature of research in this field. With a focus on imagined speech, we provide a review of the most important neurolinguistics research informing the field of DS-BCI and suggest how this research may be utilized to improve current experimental protocols and decoding techniques. Our review of the literature supports a cross-disciplinary approach to DS-BCI research, in which neurolinguistics concepts and methods are utilized to aid development of a naturalistic mode of communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciaran Cooney
- Intelligent Systems Research Centre, Ulster University, Derry, UK.
| | - Raffaella Folli
- Institute for Research in Social Sciences, Ulster University, Jordanstown, UK
| | - Damien Coyle
- Intelligent Systems Research Centre, Ulster University, Derry, UK
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21
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Ingham RJ, Ingham JC, Euler HA, Neumann K. Stuttering treatment and brain research in adults: A still unfolding relationship. JOURNAL OF FLUENCY DISORDERS 2018; 55:106-119. [PMID: 28413060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Brain imaging and brain stimulation procedures have now been used for more than two decades to investigate the neural systems that contribute to the occurrence of stuttering in adults, and to identify processes that might enhance recovery from stuttering. The purpose of this paper is to review the extent to which these dual lines of research with adults who stutter have intersected and whether they are contributing towards the alleviation of this impairment. METHOD Several areas of research are reviewed in order to determine whether research on the neurology of stuttering is showing any potential for advancing the treatment of this communication disorder: (a) attempts to discover the neurology of stuttering, (b) neural changes associated with treated recovery, and (c) direct neural intervention. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Although much has been learned about the neural underpinnings of stuttering, little research in any of the reviewed areas has thus far contributed to the advancement of stuttering treatment. Much of the research on the neurology of stuttering that does have therapy potential has been largely driven by a speech-motor model that is designed to account for the efficacy of fluency-inducing strategies and strategies that have been shown to yield therapy benefits. Investigations on methods that will induce neuroplasticity are overdue. Strategies profitable with other disorders have only occasionally been employed. However, there are signs that investigations on the neurology of adults who have recovered from stuttering are slowly being recognized for their potential in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger J Ingham
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
| | - Janis C Ingham
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
| | - Harald A Euler
- Department of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, St. Elisabeth-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Katrin Neumann
- Department of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, St. Elisabeth-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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22
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Marchina S, Norton A, Kumar S, Schlaug G. The Effect of Speech Repetition Rate on Neural Activation in Healthy Adults: Implications for Treatment of Aphasia and Other Fluency Disorders. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:69. [PMID: 29535619 PMCID: PMC5835070 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional imaging studies have provided insight into the effect of rate on production of syllables, pseudowords, and naturalistic speech, but the influence of rate on repetition of commonly-used words/phrases suitable for therapeutic use merits closer examination. Aim: To identify speech-motor regions responsive to rate and test the hypothesis that those regions would provide greater support as rates increase, we used an overt speech repetition task and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to capture rate-modulated activation within speech-motor regions and determine whether modulations occur linearly and/or show hemispheric preference. Methods: Twelve healthy, right-handed adults participated in an fMRI task requiring overt repetition of commonly-used words/phrases at rates of 1, 2, and 3 syllables/second (syll./sec.). Results: Across all rates, bilateral activation was found both in ventral portions of primary sensorimotor cortex and middle and superior temporal regions. A repeated measures analysis of variance with pairwise comparisons revealed an overall difference between rates in temporal lobe regions of interest (ROIs) bilaterally (p < 0.001); all six comparisons reached significance (p < 0.05). Five of the six were highly significant (p < 0.008), while the left-hemisphere 2- vs. 3-syll./sec. comparison, though still significant, was less robust (p = 0.037). Temporal ROI mean beta-values increased linearly across the three rates bilaterally. Significant rate effects observed in the temporal lobes were slightly more pronounced in the right-hemisphere. No significant overall rate differences were seen in sensorimotor ROIs, nor was there a clear hemispheric effect. Conclusion: Linear effects in superior temporal ROIs suggest that sensory feedback corresponds directly to task demands. The lesser degree of significance in left-hemisphere activation at the faster, closer-to-normal rate may represent an increase in neural efficiency (and therefore, decreased demand) when the task so closely approximates a highly-practiced function. The presence of significant bilateral activation during overt repetition of words/phrases at all three rates suggests that repetition-based speech production may draw support from either or both hemispheres. This bihemispheric redundancy in regions associated with speech-motor control and their sensitivity to changes in rate may play an important role in interventions for nonfluent aphasia and other fluency disorders, particularly when right-hemisphere structures are the sole remaining pathway for production of meaningful speech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Marchina
- Music, Stroke Recovery, and Neuroimaging Laboratories, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andrea Norton
- Music, Stroke Recovery, and Neuroimaging Laboratories, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Music, Stroke Recovery, and Neuroimaging Laboratories, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gottfried Schlaug
- Music, Stroke Recovery, and Neuroimaging Laboratories, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
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23
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Neural correlates of dystonic tremor: a multimodal study of voice tremor in spasmodic dysphonia. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 11:166-175. [PMID: 26843004 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9513-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tremor, affecting a dystonic body part, is a frequent feature of adult-onset dystonia. However, our understanding of dystonic tremor pathophysiology remains ambiguous as its interplay with the main co-occurring disorder, dystonia, is largely unknown. We used a combination of functional MRI, voxel-based morphometry and diffusion-weighted imaging to investigate similar and distinct patterns of brain functional and structural alterations in patients with dystonic tremor of voice (DTv) and isolated spasmodic dysphonia (SD). We found that, compared to controls, SD patients with and without DTv showed similarly increased activation in the sensorimotor cortex, inferior frontal (IFG) and superior temporal gyri, putamen and ventral thalamus, as well as deficient activation in the inferior parietal cortex and middle frontal gyrus (MFG). Common structural alterations were observed in the IFG and putamen, which were further coupled with functional abnormalities in both patient groups. Abnormal activation in left putamen was correlated with SD onset; SD/DTv onset was associated with right putaminal volumetric changes. DTv severity established a significant relationship with abnormal volume of the left IFG. Direct patient group comparisons showed that SD/DTv patients had additional abnormalities in MFG and cerebellar function and white matter integrity in the posterior limb of the internal capsule. Our findings suggest that dystonia and dystonic tremor, at least in the case of SD and SD/DTv, are heterogeneous disorders at different ends of the same pathophysiological spectrum, with each disorder carrying a characteristic neural signature, which may potentially help development of differential markers for these two conditions.
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24
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Maas E. Speech and nonspeech: What are we talking about? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2017; 19:345-359. [PMID: 27701907 PMCID: PMC5380597 DOI: 10.1080/17549507.2016.1221995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Understanding of the behavioural, cognitive and neural underpinnings of speech production is of interest theoretically, and is important for understanding disorders of speech production and how to assess and treat such disorders in the clinic. This paper addresses two claims about the neuromotor control of speech production: (1) speech is subserved by a distinct, specialised motor control system and (2) speech is holistic and cannot be decomposed into smaller primitives. Both claims have gained traction in recent literature, and are central to a task-dependent model of speech motor control. The purpose of this paper is to stimulate thinking about speech production, its disorders and the clinical implications of these claims. The paper poses several conceptual and empirical challenges for these claims - including the critical importance of defining speech. The emerging conclusion is that a task-dependent model is called into question as its two central claims are founded on ill-defined and inconsistently applied concepts. The paper concludes with discussion of methodological and clinical implications, including the potential utility of diadochokinetic (DDK) tasks in assessment of motor speech disorders and the contraindication of nonspeech oral motor exercises to improve speech function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Maas
- a Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders , Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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25
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Perrachione TK, Ghosh SS, Ostrovskaya I, Gabrieli JDE, Kovelman I. Phonological Working Memory for Words and Nonwords in Cerebral Cortex. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2017; 60:1959-1979. [PMID: 28631005 PMCID: PMC5831089 DOI: 10.1044/2017_jslhr-l-15-0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary purpose of this study was to identify the brain bases of phonological working memory (the short-term maintenance of speech sounds) using behavioral tasks analogous to clinically sensitive assessments of nonword repetition. The secondary purpose of the study was to identify how individual differences in brain activation were related to participants' nonword repetition abilities. METHOD We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure neurophysiological response during a nonword discrimination task derived from standard clinical assessments of phonological working memory. Healthy adult control participants (N = 16) discriminated pairs of real words or nonwords under varying phonological working memory load, which we manipulated by parametrically varying the number of syllables in target (non)words. Participants' cognitive and phonological abilities were also measured using standardized assessments. RESULTS Neurophysiological responses in bilateral superior temporal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, and supplementary motor area increased with greater phonological working memory load. Activation in left superior temporal gyrus during nonword discrimination correlated with participants' performance on standard clinical nonword repetition tests. CONCLUSION These results suggest that phonological working memory is related to the function of cortical structures that canonically underlie speech perception and production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satrajit S. Ghosh
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Irina Ostrovskaya
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - John D. E. Gabrieli
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ioulia Kovelman
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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26
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Dissociating oral motor capabilities: Evidence from patients with movement disorders. Neuropsychologia 2017; 95:40-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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27
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Staiger A, Schölderle T, Brendel B, Bötzel K, Ziegler W. Oral Motor Abilities Are Task Dependent: A Factor Analytic Approach to Performance Rate. J Mot Behav 2016; 49:482-493. [DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2016.1241747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Staiger
- Clinical Neuropsychology Research Group (EKN), Institute of Phonetics and Speech Processing, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Theresa Schölderle
- Clinical Neuropsychology Research Group (EKN), Institute of Phonetics and Speech Processing, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Brendel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kai Bötzel
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfram Ziegler
- Clinical Neuropsychology Research Group (EKN), Institute of Phonetics and Speech Processing, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
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28
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Fenoy AJ, McHenry MA, Schiess MC. Speech changes induced by deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson disease: involvement of the dentatorubrothalamic tract. J Neurosurg 2016; 126:2017-2027. [PMID: 27611200 DOI: 10.3171/2016.5.jns16243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with Parkinson disease (PD) who undergo subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) often develop a deterioration in speech performance, but there is no clear consensus on the specific effects seen or the mechanism involved and little description of the impact of DBS on conversational speech. Furthermore, there has been no fiber tract connectivity analysis to identify the structures potentially modulated by DBS to cause such deficits. The main objective of this study was to quantify spontaneous speech performance and identify potential involvement of the dentatorubrothalamic tract (DRTt) in patients who underwent STN DBS, because this tract has been implicated in speech deterioration. METHODS Spontaneous speech samples were obtained with STN DBS in both on and off modes in 35 patients with PD and assessed across multiple domains. Diffusion tensor imaging tractography seeded from the therapeutic DBS contacts was performed to identify the fiber tracts involved and, specifically, the DRTt. The position of active electrode contacts was assessed relative to that of the STN. RESULTS Fifteen patients with akinetic-rigid (AR) PD and 20 with tremor-dominant (TD) PD subtypes were identified. In the AR-PD subgroup of patients, in whom there was DRTt involvement, 71% demonstrated much better overall speech and largely improved or unchanged fluency in the DBS-off condition. In patients with TD PD with DRTt involvement, 50% demonstrated better overall speech in the off condition, and equivocal results regarding improved or worsened fluency were found. When there was minimal DRTt involvement, 75% of patients with AR PD had better overall speech in the DBS-on condition and better or minimal fluency changes. Similarly, 83% of patients with TD PD with minimal DRTt involvement had better or minimal overall speech and fluency changes in the on condition. More medially placed left electrode contacts were associated with more DRTt involvement in 77% of patients (10 of 13). CONCLUSIONS To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to have investigated a specific fiber tract involved in STN DBS in different subtypes of PD relative to its impact on spontaneous speech. At optimal therapeutic programming of STN DBS, overall spontaneous speech and fluency were affected more negatively in patients with AR PD than in those with TD PD when there was DRTt involvement. After fiber tract analysis and modeling, it was found that medially positioned left electrode contacts more often involved fibers of the DRTt. If possible, avoidance of the DRTt by using active electrode contacts that are positioned less medially, specifically in patients with AR PD, might result in less speech deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert J Fenoy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mischer Neuroscience Institute, and
| | - Monica A McHenry
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Mya C Schiess
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders and Neurodegenerative Disease Program, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center, Houston, Texas; and
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29
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Skodda S, Grönheit W, Lukas C, Bellenberg B, von Hein SM, Hoffmann R, Saft C. Two different phenomena in basic motor speech performance in premanifest Huntington disease. Neurology 2016; 86:1329-1335. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000002550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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30
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Venezia JH, Fillmore P, Matchin W, Isenberg AL, Hickok G, Fridriksson J. Perception drives production across sensory modalities: A network for sensorimotor integration of visual speech. Neuroimage 2016; 126:196-207. [PMID: 26608242 PMCID: PMC4733636 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory information is critical for movement control, both for defining the targets of actions and providing feedback during planning or ongoing movements. This holds for speech motor control as well, where both auditory and somatosensory information have been shown to play a key role. Recent clinical research demonstrates that individuals with severe speech production deficits can show a dramatic improvement in fluency during online mimicking of an audiovisual speech signal suggesting the existence of a visuomotor pathway for speech motor control. Here we used fMRI in healthy individuals to identify this new visuomotor circuit for speech production. Participants were asked to perceive and covertly rehearse nonsense syllable sequences presented auditorily, visually, or audiovisually. The motor act of rehearsal, which is prima facie the same whether or not it is cued with a visible talker, produced different patterns of sensorimotor activation when cued by visual or audiovisual speech (relative to auditory speech). In particular, a network of brain regions including the left posterior middle temporal gyrus and several frontoparietal sensorimotor areas activated more strongly during rehearsal cued by a visible talker versus rehearsal cued by auditory speech alone. Some of these brain regions responded exclusively to rehearsal cued by visual or audiovisual speech. This result has significant implications for models of speech motor control, for the treatment of speech output disorders, and for models of the role of speech gesture imitation in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Venezia
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, United States.
| | - Paul Fillmore
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, United States
| | - William Matchin
- Department of Linguistics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - A Lisette Isenberg
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Gregory Hickok
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Julius Fridriksson
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
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31
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Gagné MH, Cohen H. Interference effects between manual and oral motor skills. Exp Brain Res 2015; 234:845-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-015-4508-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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van Rhijn JR, Vernes SC. Retinoic Acid Signaling: A New Piece in the Spoken Language Puzzle. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1816. [PMID: 26635706 PMCID: PMC4660430 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Speech requires precise motor control and rapid sequencing of highly complex vocal musculature. Despite its complexity, most people produce spoken language effortlessly. This is due to activity in distributed neuronal circuitry including cortico-striato-thalamic loops that control speech–motor output. Understanding the neuro-genetic mechanisms involved in the correct development and function of these pathways will shed light on how humans can effortlessly and innately use spoken language and help to elucidate what goes wrong in speech-language disorders. FOXP2 was the first single gene identified to cause speech and language disorder. Individuals with FOXP2 mutations display a severe speech deficit that includes receptive and expressive language impairments. The neuro-molecular mechanisms controlled by FOXP2 will give insight into our capacity for speech–motor control, but are only beginning to be unraveled. Recently FOXP2 was found to regulate genes involved in retinoic acid (RA) signaling and to modify the cellular response to RA, a key regulator of brain development. Here we explore evidence that FOXP2 and RA function in overlapping pathways. We summate evidence at molecular, cellular, and behavioral levels that suggest an interplay between FOXP2 and RA that may be important for fine motor control and speech–motor output. We propose RA signaling is an exciting new angle from which to investigate how neuro-genetic mechanisms can contribute to the (spoken) language ready brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon-Ruben van Rhijn
- Department of Language and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics Nijmegen, Netherlands ; Molecular Neurophysiology Group, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sonja C Vernes
- Department of Language and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics Nijmegen, Netherlands ; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Twomey T, Waters D, Price CJ, Kherif F, Woll B, MacSweeney M. Identification of the regions involved in phonological assembly using a novel paradigm. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2015; 150:45-53. [PMID: 26335996 PMCID: PMC4669302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Here we adopt a novel strategy to investigate phonological assembly. Participants performed a visual lexical decision task in English in which the letters in words and letterstrings were delivered either sequentially (promoting phonological assembly) or simultaneously (not promoting phonological assembly). A region of interest analysis confirmed that regions previously associated with phonological assembly, in studies contrasting different word types (e.g. words versus pseudowords), were also identified using our novel task that controls for a number of confounding variables. Specifically, the left pars opercularis, the superior part of the ventral precentral gyrus and the supramarginal gyrus were all recruited more during sequential delivery than simultaneous delivery, even when various psycholinguistic characteristics of the stimuli were controlled. This suggests that sequential delivery of orthographic stimuli is a useful tool to explore how readers, with various levels of proficiency, use sublexical phonological processing during visual word recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Twomey
- ESRC Deafness, Cognition and Language Research Centre, University College London, UK; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, UK
| | - Dafydd Waters
- ESRC Deafness, Cognition and Language Research Centre, University College London, UK
| | - Cathy J Price
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK
| | - Ferath Kherif
- LREN, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bencie Woll
- ESRC Deafness, Cognition and Language Research Centre, University College London, UK
| | - Mairéad MacSweeney
- ESRC Deafness, Cognition and Language Research Centre, University College London, UK; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, UK.
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Kent RD. Nonspeech Oral Movements and Oral Motor Disorders: A Narrative Review. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2015; 24:763-89. [PMID: 26126128 PMCID: PMC4698470 DOI: 10.1044/2015_ajslp-14-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Speech and other oral functions such as swallowing have been compared and contrasted with oral behaviors variously labeled quasispeech, paraspeech, speechlike, and nonspeech, all of which overlap to some degree in neural control, muscles deployed, and movements performed. Efforts to understand the relationships among these behaviors are hindered by the lack of explicit and widely accepted definitions. This review article offers definitions and taxonomies for nonspeech oral movements and for diverse speaking tasks, both overt and covert. METHOD Review of the literature included searches of Medline, Google Scholar, HighWire Press, and various online sources. Search terms pertained to speech, quasispeech, paraspeech, speechlike, and nonspeech oral movements. Searches also were carried out for associated terms in oral biology, craniofacial physiology, and motor control. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Nonspeech movements have a broad spectrum of clinical applications, including developmental speech and language disorders, motor speech disorders, feeding and swallowing difficulties, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, trismus, and tardive stereotypies. The role and benefit of nonspeech oral movements are controversial in many oral motor disorders. It is argued that the clinical value of these movements can be elucidated through careful definitions and task descriptions such as those proposed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray D. Kent
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison
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35
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Roehrich-Gascon D, Small SL, Tremblay P. Structural correlates of spoken language abilities: A surface-based region-of interest morphometry study. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2015; 149:46-54. [PMID: 26185048 PMCID: PMC4587378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Brain structure can predict many aspects of human behavior, though the extent of this relationship in healthy adults, particularly for language-related skills, remains largely unknown. The objective of the present study was to explore this relation using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on a group of 21 healthy young adults who completed two language tasks: (1) semantic fluency and (2) sentence generation. For each region of interest, cortical thickness, surface area, and volume were calculated. The results show that verbal fluency scores correlated mainly with measures of brain morphology in the left inferior frontal cortex and bilateral insula. Sentence generation scores correlated with structure of the left inferior parietal and right inferior frontal regions. These results reveal that the anatomy of several structures in frontal and parietal lobes is associated with spoken language performance. The presence of both negative and positive correlations highlights the complex relation between brain and language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Roehrich-Gascon
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en santé mentale de Québec (CRIUSMQ), Québec City, QC, Canada; Université Laval, Faculté de médecine, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | | | - Pascale Tremblay
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en santé mentale de Québec (CRIUSMQ), Québec City, QC, Canada; Université Laval, Faculté de médecine, Québec City, QC, Canada.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cerebellar mutism (CM) is defined as a peculiar form of mutism that may complicate the surgical excision of posterior cranial fossa tumor. The incidence is variable in the literature, occurring in up to one third of cases in some series. Commonly occurring peculiar features of CM are delayed onset following surgery, limited duration, and spontaneous recovery usually associated with dysarthria. METHODS A review has been performed concerning anatomical substrates and circuits actually considered to be involved in the development of cerebellar mutism, as well as risk factors for its development that have been documented in the literature. Attention has also been given to the long-term prognosis and the possibilities of rehabilitation that can be considered in these children, which has been compared with the authors' institutional experience. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Tumor infiltration of the brainstem seems to represent the most relevant feature related to the development of CM, along with the histological diagnosis of medulloblastoma. On the other hand, hydrocephalus does not represent an independent risk factor. The higher rate of CM in children seems to be related to the higher incidence in children of tumors with malignant histology and brain stem involvement. Surgical technique does not seem to have a definite role; in particular, the use of a telovelar approach as compared to vermian split to reach the fourth ventricle extension of the tumor has not been demonstrated to prevent the development of cerebellar mutism. Concerning long-term prognosis, around one third of the children who develop cerebellar mutism after surgery have a persistent dysarthria, the remaining ones showing a residual phonological impairment. Long-term dysarthric features tend to be more severe and less prone to recovery in children presenting at diagnosis with associated combined procedural memory and defective neurocognitive functions.
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Yu M, Mo C, Li Y, Mo L. Distinct representations of syllables and phonemes in Chinese production: Evidence from fMRI adaptation. Neuropsychologia 2015; 77:253-9. [PMID: 26334943 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Existing linguistic theories have converged on the fundamental role of syllable and phoneme as the phonological production units that drive articulation in most alphabetic languages, while much remains controversial concerning the logographic Chinese because there is no conclusive evidence of the neural correlates of syllabic and phonemic processing during Chinese speech production. Here, fMRI adaptation paradigm was used to explore the possibility of distinctive neural representations of phonemes and syllables when native Chinese speakers pronounced Chinese pseudowords. We found that bilateral basal ganglia (BG) exhibited evident neural adaptation effect for phonemic repetition, indicating independent neural representation of phonemes in the speech production network in Chinese speakers. Moreover, neural adaptation effect for syllabic repetition was found in bilateral superior temporal gyrus (STg). These findings thus suggest that, similar to alphabetic languages, both phonemes and syllables are phonological production units associated with distinctive neural representations in Mandarin Chinese and further implicate the universality of hierarchical phonological coding across different linguistic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Yu
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Ce Mo
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - You Li
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Lei Mo
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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38
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[Functional imaging of physiological and pathological speech production]. DER NERVENARZT 2015; 85:701-7. [PMID: 24832012 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-013-3996-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Numerous neurological patients suffer from speech and language disorders but the underlying pathomechanisms are not well understood. Imaging studies on speech production disorders lag behind aphasiological research on speech perception, probably due to worries concerning movement artifacts. Meanwhile, modern neuroimaging techniques allow investigation of these processes. This article summarizes the insights from neuroimaging on physiological speech production and also on the pathomechanisms underlying Parkinson's disease and developmental stuttering.
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39
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Skodda S. Steadiness of syllable repetition in early motor stages of Parkinson's disease. Biomed Signal Process Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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40
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Simonyan K, Fuertinger S. Speech networks at rest and in action: interactions between functional brain networks controlling speech production. J Neurophysiol 2015; 113:2967-78. [PMID: 25673742 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00964.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Speech production is one of the most complex human behaviors. Although brain activation during speaking has been well investigated, our understanding of interactions between the brain regions and neural networks remains scarce. We combined seed-based interregional correlation analysis with graph theoretical analysis of functional MRI data during the resting state and sentence production in healthy subjects to investigate the interface and topology of functional networks originating from the key brain regions controlling speech, i.e., the laryngeal/orofacial motor cortex, inferior frontal and superior temporal gyri, supplementary motor area, cingulate cortex, putamen, and thalamus. During both resting and speaking, the interactions between these networks were bilaterally distributed and centered on the sensorimotor brain regions. However, speech production preferentially recruited the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and cerebellum into the large-scale network, suggesting the importance of these regions in facilitation of the transition from the resting state to speaking. Furthermore, the cerebellum (lobule VI) was the most prominent region showing functional influences on speech-network integration and segregation. Although networks were bilaterally distributed, interregional connectivity during speaking was stronger in the left vs. right hemisphere, which may have underlined a more homogeneous overlap between the examined networks in the left hemisphere. Among these, the laryngeal motor cortex (LMC) established a core network that fully overlapped with all other speech-related networks, determining the extent of network interactions. Our data demonstrate complex interactions of large-scale brain networks controlling speech production and point to the critical role of the LMC, IPL, and cerebellum in the formation of speech production network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Simonyan
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Stefan Fuertinger
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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41
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Fegen D, Buchsbaum BR, D'Esposito M. The effect of rehearsal rate and memory load on verbal working memory. Neuroimage 2015; 105:120-31. [PMID: 25467303 PMCID: PMC4267698 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While many neuroimaging studies have investigated verbal working memory (WM) by manipulating memory load, the subvocal rehearsal rate at these various memory loads has generally been left uncontrolled. Therefore, the goal of this study was to investigate how mnemonic load and the rate of subvocal rehearsal modulate patterns of activity in the core neural circuits underlying verbal working memory. Using fMRI in healthy subjects, we orthogonally manipulated subvocal rehearsal rate and memory load in a verbal WM task with long 45-s delay periods. We found that middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and superior parietal lobule (SPL) exhibited memory load effects primarily early in the delay period and did not exhibit rehearsal rate effects. In contrast, we found that inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), premotor cortex (PM) and Sylvian-parietal-temporal region (area Spt) exhibited approximately linear memory load and rehearsal rate effects, with rehearsal rate effects lasting through the entire delay period. These results indicate that IFG, PM and area Spt comprise the core articulatory rehearsal areas involved in verbal WM, while MFG and SPL are recruited in a general supervisory role once a memory load threshold in the core rehearsal network has been exceeded.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Fegen
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Bradley R Buchsbaum
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, ON M6A 2E1, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Mark D'Esposito
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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42
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Etchell AC, Johnson BW, Sowman PF. Beta oscillations, timing, and stuttering. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 8:1036. [PMID: 25601832 PMCID: PMC4283545 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.01036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Etchell
- Department of Cognitive Science, ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders, Macquarie University Sydney, NSW, Australia ; Department of Cognitive Science, Perception in Action Research Centre, Macquarie University Sydney, NSW, Australia ; Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Blake W Johnson
- Department of Cognitive Science, ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders, Macquarie University Sydney, NSW, Australia ; Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul F Sowman
- Department of Cognitive Science, ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders, Macquarie University Sydney, NSW, Australia ; Department of Cognitive Science, Perception in Action Research Centre, Macquarie University Sydney, NSW, Australia ; Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Abstract
There is increasing evidence for a cerebellar role in working memory. Clinical research has shown that working memory impairments after cerebellar damage and neuroimaging studies have revealed task-specific activation in the cerebellum during working memory processing. A lateralisation of cerebellar function within working memory has been proposed with the right hemisphere making the greater contribution to verbal processing and the left hemisphere for visuospatial tasks. We used continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) to examine whether differences in post-stimulation performance could be observed based on the cerebellar hemisphere stimulated and the type of data presented. We observed that participants were significantly less accurate on a verbal version of a Sternberg task after stimulation to the right cerebellar hemisphere when compared to left hemisphere stimulation. Performance on a visual Sternberg task was unaffected by stimulation of either hemisphere. We discuss our results in the context of prior studies that have used cerebellar stimulation to investigate working memory and highlight the cerebellar role in phonological encoding.
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44
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Increased neural activity during overt and continuous semantic verbal fluency in major depression: mainly a failure to deactivate. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2014; 264:631-45. [PMID: 24557502 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-014-0491-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Major depression is associated with impairments in semantic verbal fluency (VF). However, the neural correlates underlying dysfunctional cognitive processing in depressed subjects during the production of semantic category members still remain unclear. In the current study, an overt and continuous semantic VF paradigm was used to examine these mechanisms in a representative sample of 33 patients diagnosed with a current episode of unipolar depression and 33 statistically matched healthy controls. Subjects articulated words in response to semantic category cues while brain activity was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Compared to controls, patients showed poorer task performance. On the neural level, a group by condition interaction analysis, corrected for task performance, revealed a reduced task-related deactivation in patients in the right parahippocampal gyrus, the right fusiform gyrus, and the right supplementary motor area. An additional and an increased task-related activation in patients were observed in the right precentral gyrus and the left cerebellum, respectively. These results indicate that a failure to suppress potentially interfering activity from inferior temporal regions involved in default-mode network functions and visual imagery, accompanied by an enhanced recruitment of areas implicated in speech initiation and higher-order language processes, may underlie dysfunctional cognitive processing during semantic VF in depression. The finding that patients with depression demonstrated both decreased performance and aberrant brain activation during the current semantic VF task demonstrates that this paradigm is a sensitive tool for assessing brain dysfunctions in clinical populations.
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45
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Tripoliti E, Limousin P, Foltynie T, Candelario J, Aviles-Olmos I, Hariz MI, Zrinzo L. Predictive factors of speech intelligibility following subthalamic nucleus stimulation in consecutive patients with Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2014; 29:532-8. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.25816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elina Tripoliti
- Unit of Functional Neurosurgery; University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology; London United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Limousin
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders; UCL Institute of Neurology; London United Kingdom
| | - Tom Foltynie
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders; UCL Institute of Neurology; London United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Candelario
- Unit of Functional Neurosurgery; University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology; London United Kingdom
| | - Iciar Aviles-Olmos
- Unit of Functional Neurosurgery; University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology; London United Kingdom
| | - Marwan I. Hariz
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders; UCL Institute of Neurology; London United Kingdom
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; UCL Institute of Neurology; Queen Square London United Kingdom
| | - Ludvic Zrinzo
- Unit of Functional Neurosurgery; University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology; London United Kingdom
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46
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Westerhausen R, Kompus K, Hugdahl K. Mapping hemispheric symmetries, relative asymmetries, and absolute asymmetries underlying the auditory laterality effect. Neuroimage 2014; 84:962-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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47
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Skodda S, Schlegel U, Hoffmann R, Saft C. Impaired motor speech performance in Huntington’s disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2013; 121:399-407. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-013-1115-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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48
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Zhang H, Sachdev PS, Wen W, Kochan NA, Crawford JD, Brodaty H, Slavin MJ, Reppermund S, Kang K, Trollor JN. Grey matter correlates of three language tests in non-demented older adults. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80215. [PMID: 24224044 PMCID: PMC3818244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Language has been extensively investigated by functional neuroimaging studies. However, only a limited number of structural neuroimaging studies have examined the relationship between language performance and brain structure in healthy adults, and the number is even less in older adults. The present study sought to investigate correlations between grey matter volumes and three standardized language tests in late life. The participants were 344 non-demented, community-dwelling adults aged 70-90 years, who were drawn from the population-based Sydney Memory and Ageing Study. The three language tests included the Controlled Oral Word Association Task (COWAT), Category Fluency (CF), and Boston Naming Test (BNT). Correlation analyses between voxel-wise GM volumes and language tests showed distinctive GM correlation patterns for each language test. The GM correlates were located in the right frontal and left temporal lobes for COWAT, in the left frontal and temporal lobes for CF, and in bilateral temporal lobes for BNT. Our findings largely corresponded to the neural substrates of language tasks revealed in fMRI studies, and we also observed a less hemispheric asymmetry in the GM correlates of the language tests. Furthermore, we divided the participants into two age groups (70-79 and 80-90 years old), and then examined the correlations between structural laterality indices and language performance for each group. A trend toward significant difference in the correlations was found between the two age groups, with stronger correlations in the group of 70-79 years old than those in the group of 80-90 years old. This difference might suggest a further decline of language lateralization in different stages of late life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobo Zhang
- Brain and Ageing Research Program, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Perminder S. Sachdev
- Brain and Ageing Research Program, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wei Wen
- Brain and Ageing Research Program, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicole A. Kochan
- Brain and Ageing Research Program, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John D. Crawford
- Brain and Ageing Research Program, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Academic Department for Old Age Psychiatry, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melissa J. Slavin
- Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simone Reppermund
- Brain and Ageing Research Program, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristan Kang
- Brain and Ageing Research Program, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julian N. Trollor
- Brain and Ageing Research Program, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) can convert mental states into signals to drive real-world devices, but it is not known if a given covert task is the same when performed with and without BCI-based control. Using a BCI likely involves additional cognitive processes, such as multitasking, attention, and conflict monitoring. In addition, it is challenging to measure the quality of covert task performance. We used whole-brain classifier-based real-time functional MRI to address these issues, because the method provides both classifier-based maps to examine the neural requirements of BCI and classification accuracy to quantify the quality of task performance. Subjects performed a covert counting task at fast and slow rates to control a visual interface. Compared with the same task when viewing but not controlling the interface, we observed that being in control of a BCI improved task classification of fast and slow counting states. Additional BCI control increased subjects' whole-brain signal-to-noise ratio compared with the absence of control. The neural pattern for control consisted of a positive network comprised of dorsal parietal and frontal regions and the anterior insula of the right hemisphere as well as an expansive negative network of regions. These findings suggest that real-time functional MRI can serve as a platform for exploring information processing and frontoparietal and insula network-based regulation of whole-brain task signal-to-noise ratio.
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50
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Ford AA, Triplett W, Sudhyadhom A, Gullett J, McGregor K, Fitzgerald DB, Mareci T, White K, Crosson B. Broca's area and its striatal and thalamic connections: a diffusion-MRI tractography study. Front Neuroanat 2013; 7:8. [PMID: 23675324 PMCID: PMC3650618 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2013.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the recent decades structural connectivity between Broca's area and the basal ganglia has been postulated in the literature, though no direct evidence of this connectivity has yet been presented. The current study investigates this connectivity using a novel diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) fiber tracking method in humans in vivo. Our findings suggest direct connections between sub-regions of Broca's area and the anterior one-third of the putamen, as well as the ventral anterior nucleus of the thalamus. Thus, we are the first to provide a detailed account of inferred circuitry involving basal ganglia, thalamus, and Broca's area, which would be a prerequisite to substantiate their support of language processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia A Ford
- Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research and Development Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center Gainesville, FL, USA ; Department of Psychology, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
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