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Norata D, Musumeci G, Todisco A, Cruciani A, Motolese F, Capone F, Lattanzi S, Ranieri F, Di Lazzaro V, Pilato F. Bilateral median nerve stimulation and High-Frequency Oscillations unveil interhemispheric inhibition of primary sensory cortex. Clin Neurophysiol 2024; 165:154-165. [PMID: 39033697 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2024.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed at investigating the effect of median nerve stimulation on ipsilateral cortical potentials evoked by contralateral median nerve electrical stimulation. METHODS We recorded somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) from the left parietal cortex in 15 right-handed, healthy subjects. We administered bilateral median nerve stimulation, with the ipsilateral stimulation preceding the stimulation on the contralateral by intervals of 5, 10, 20, or 40 ms. We adjusted these intervals based on each individual's N20 latency. As a measure of S1 excitability, the amplitude of the N20 and the area of the High Frequency Oscillation (HFO) burst were analyzed for each condition. RESULTS The results revealed significant inhibition of N20 amplitude by ipsilateral median nerve stimulation at interstimulus intervals (ISIs) between 5 and 40 ms. Late HFO burst was suppressed at short ISIs of 5 and 10 ms, pointing to a transcallosal inhibitory effect on S1 intracortical circuits. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest interhemispheric interaction between the primary somatosensory areas, supporting the existence of transcallosal transfer of tactile information. SIGNIFICANCE This study provides valuable insights into the interhemispheric connections between primary sensory areas and underscore the potential role of interhemispheric interactions in somatosensory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Norata
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology and Psichiatry, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy; Neurological Clinic and Stroke Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (DiMSC), Marche Polytechnic University, Via Conca 71, 60020 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Musumeci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology and Psichiatry, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Todisco
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology and Psichiatry, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cruciani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology and Psichiatry, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Motolese
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology and Psichiatry, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Fioravante Capone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology and Psichiatry, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Simona Lattanzi
- Neurological Clinic and Stroke Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (DiMSC), Marche Polytechnic University, Via Conca 71, 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Federico Ranieri
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Lazzaro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology and Psichiatry, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Fabio Pilato
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology and Psichiatry, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy
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Alterman BL, Ali S, Keeton E, Binkley K, Hendrix W, Lee PJ, Johnson JT, Wang S, Kling J, Gale MK, Wheaton LA. Grasp Posture Variability Leads to Greater Ipsilateral Sensorimotor Beta Activation During Simulated Prosthesis Use. J Mot Behav 2024; 56:579-591. [PMID: 39041372 PMCID: PMC11343659 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2024.2364657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Motor behaviour using upper-extremity prostheses of different levels is greatly variable, leading to challenges interpreting ideal rehabilitation strategies. Elucidating the underlying neural control mechanisms driving variability benefits our understanding of adaptation after limb loss. In this follow-up study, non-amputated participants completed simple and complex reach-to-grasp motor tasks using a body-powered transradial or partial-hand prosthesis simulator. We hypothesised that under complex task constraints, individuals employing variable grasp postures will show greater sensorimotor beta activation compared to individuals relying on uniform grasping, and activation will occur later in variable compared to uniform graspers. In the simple task, partial-hand variable and transradial users showed increased neural activation from the early to late phase of the reach, predominantly in the hemisphere ipsilateral to device use. In the complex task, only partial-hand variable graspers showed a significant increase in neural activation of the sensorimotor cortex from the early to the late phase of the reach. These results suggest that grasp variability may be a crucial component in the mechanism of neural adaptation to prosthesis use, and may be mediated by device level and task complexity, with implications for rehabilitation after amputation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bennett L Alterman
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Saif Ali
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Emily Keeton
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Katrina Binkley
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - William Hendrix
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Perry J Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - John T Johnson
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shuo Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - James Kling
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mary Kate Gale
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lewis A Wheaton
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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3
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Lenizky MW, Meehan SK. The effects of verbal and spatial working memory on short- and long-latency sensorimotor circuits in the motor cortex. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302989. [PMID: 38753604 PMCID: PMC11098330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sensorimotor loops converge in the motor cortex to create an adaptable system capable of context-specific sensorimotor control. Afferent inhibition provides a non-invasive tool to investigate the substrates by which procedural and cognitive control processes interact to shape motor corticospinal projections. Varying the transcranial magnetic stimulation properties during afferent inhibition can probe specific sensorimotor circuits that contribute to short- and long-latency periods of inhibition in response to the peripheral stimulation. The current study used short- (SAI) and long-latency (LAI) afferent inhibition to probe the influence of verbal and spatial working memory load on the specific sensorimotor circuits recruited by posterior-anterior (PA) and anterior-posterior (AP) TMS-induced current. Participants completed two sessions where SAI and LAI were assessed during the short-term maintenance of two- or six-item sets of letters (verbal) or stimulus locations (spatial). The only difference between the sessions was the direction of the induced current. PA SAI decreased as the verbal working memory load increased. In contrast, AP SAI was not modulated by verbal working memory load. Visuospatial working memory load did not affect PA or AP SAI. Neither PA LAI nor AP LAI were sensitive to verbal or spatial working memory load. The dissociation of short-latency PA and AP sensorimotor circuits and short- and long-latency PA sensorimotor circuits with increasing verbal working memory load support multiple convergent sensorimotor loops that provide distinct functional information to facilitate context-specific supraspinal control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus W. Lenizky
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sean K. Meehan
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Bandet MV, Winship IR. Aberrant cortical activity, functional connectivity, and neural assembly architecture after photothrombotic stroke in mice. eLife 2024; 12:RP90080. [PMID: 38687189 PMCID: PMC11060715 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial progress in mapping the trajectory of network plasticity resulting from focal ischemic stroke, the extent and nature of changes in neuronal excitability and activity within the peri-infarct cortex of mice remains poorly defined. Most of the available data have been acquired from anesthetized animals, acute tissue slices, or infer changes in excitability from immunoassays on extracted tissue, and thus may not reflect cortical activity dynamics in the intact cortex of an awake animal. Here, in vivo two-photon calcium imaging in awake, behaving mice was used to longitudinally track cortical activity, network functional connectivity, and neural assembly architecture for 2 months following photothrombotic stroke targeting the forelimb somatosensory cortex. Sensorimotor recovery was tracked over the weeks following stroke, allowing us to relate network changes to behavior. Our data revealed spatially restricted but long-lasting alterations in somatosensory neural network function and connectivity. Specifically, we demonstrate significant and long-lasting disruptions in neural assembly architecture concurrent with a deficit in functional connectivity between individual neurons. Reductions in neuronal spiking in peri-infarct cortex were transient but predictive of impairment in skilled locomotion measured in the tapered beam task. Notably, altered neural networks were highly localized, with assembly architecture and neural connectivity relatively unaltered a short distance from the peri-infarct cortex, even in regions within 'remapped' forelimb functional representations identified using mesoscale imaging with anaesthetized preparations 8 weeks after stroke. Thus, using longitudinal two-photon microscopy in awake animals, these data show a complex spatiotemporal relationship between peri-infarct neuronal network function and behavioral recovery. Moreover, the data highlight an apparent disconnect between dramatic functional remapping identified using strong sensory stimulation in anaesthetized mice compared to more subtle and spatially restricted changes in individual neuron and local network function in awake mice during stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mischa Vance Bandet
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
- Neurochemical Research Unit, University of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | - Ian Robert Winship
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
- Neurochemical Research Unit, University of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
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5
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Zhou X, Li Y, Tian Y, Masen MA, Li Y, Jin Z. Friction and neuroimaging of active and passive tactile touch. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13077. [PMID: 37567970 PMCID: PMC10421888 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40326-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Two types of exploratory touch including active sliding and passive sliding are usually encountered in the daily life. The friction behavior of the human finger against the surface of objects is important in tactile perception. The neural mechanisms correlating to tribological behavior are not fully understood. This study investigated the tactile response of active and passive finger friction characterized with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The friction test and fNIRS test were performed simultaneously using the tactile stimulus of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) specimens. Results showed that the sliding modes did not obviously influence the friction property of skin. While three cortex regions were activated in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), showing a higher activation level of passive sliding. This revealed that the tribological performance was not a simple parameter to affect tactile perception, and the difference in cortical hemodynamic activity of active and passive touch was also recognised. The movement-related blood flow changes revealed the role of PFC in integrating tactile sensation although there was no estimation task on roughness perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
- Tribology Research Institute, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyuan Li
- School of Economics and Management, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Marc A Masen
- Tribology Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yuanzhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongmin Jin
- Tribology Research Institute, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, People's Republic of China.
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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6
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Mathieu B, Abillama A, Moré S, Mercier C, Simoneau M, Danna J, Mouchnino L, Blouin J. Seeing our hand or a tool during visually-guided actions: Different effects on the somatosensory and visual cortices. Neuropsychologia 2023; 185:108582. [PMID: 37121267 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The processing of proprioceptive information in the context of a conflict between visual and somatosensory feedbacks deteriorates motor performance. Previous studies have shown that seeing one's hand increases the weighting assigned to arm somatosensory inputs. In this light, we hypothesized that the sensory conflict, when tracing the contour of a shape with mirror-reversed vision, will be greater for participants who trace with a stylus seen in their hand (Hand group, n = 17) than for participants who trace with the tip of rod without seen their hand (Tool group, n = 15). Based on this hypothesis, we predicted that the tracing performance with mirror vision will be more deteriorated for the Hand group than for the Tool group, and we predicted a greater gating of somatosensory information for the Hand group to reduce the sensory conflict. The participants of both groups followed the outline of a shape in two visual conditions. Direct vision: the participants saw the hand or portion of a light 40 cm rod directly. Mirror Vision: the hand or the rod was seen through a mirror. We measured tracing performance using a digitizing tablet and the cortical activity with electroencephalography. Behavioral analyses revealed that the tracing performance of both groups was similarly impaired by mirror vision. However, contrasting the spectral content of the cortical oscillatory activity between the Mirror and Direct conditions, we observed that tracing with mirror vision resulted in significantly larger alpha (8-12 Hz) and beta (15-25 Hz) powers in the somatosensory cortex for participants of the Hand group. The somatosensory alpha and beta powers did not significantly differ between Mirror and Direct vision conditions for the Tool group. For both groups, tracing with mirror vision altered the activity of the visual cortex: decreased alpha power for the Hand group, decreased alpha and beta power for the Tool group. Overall, these results suggest that seeing the hand enhanced the sensory conflict when tracing with mirror vision and that the increase of alpha and beta powers in the somatosensory cortex served to reduce the weight assigned to somatosensory information. The increased activity of the visual cortex observed for both groups in the mirror vision condition suggests greater visual processing with increased task difficulty. Finally, the fact that the participants of the Tool group did not show better tracing performance than those of the Hand group suggests that tracing deterioration resulted from a sensorimotor conflict (as opposed to a visuo-proprioceptive conflict).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Mathieu
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), Aix-Marseille Université/ CNRS, Marseille, France.
| | - Antonin Abillama
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), Aix-Marseille Université/ CNRS, Marseille, France.
| | - Simon Moré
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), Aix-Marseille Université/ CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Mercier
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et Intégration Sociale (CIRRIS) Du CIUSSS de La Capitale-Nationale, Québec, Québec, Canada; Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Martin Simoneau
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et Intégration Sociale (CIRRIS) Du CIUSSS de La Capitale-Nationale, Québec, Québec, Canada; Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Jérémy Danna
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), Aix-Marseille Université/ CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Mouchnino
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), Aix-Marseille Université/ CNRS, Marseille, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Jean Blouin
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), Aix-Marseille Université/ CNRS, Marseille, France
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Fukuda S, Tsujinaka R, Oda H, Hamada N, Matsuoka M, Hiraoka K. Suppression of perceptual sensitivity to digital nerve stimulation induced by afferent volley from digital nerve of contralateral homologous finger. Neuroreport 2023; 34:436-440. [PMID: 37096762 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether perceptual sensitivity to digital nerve stimulation is modulated by the afferent volley from the digital nerve of a contralateral finger. Fifteen healthy humans participated in this study. A test stimulus was given to the right-hand index finger, and a conditioning stimulus was given to one of the five fingers on the left hand 20, 30, or 40 ms before the test stimulus. The perceptual threshold of the finger stimulation was measured. The perceptual threshold of the test stimulus was significantly increased by a conditioning stimulus to the left-hand index finger given 40 ms before the test stimulus. In contrast, the threshold was not significantly changed by a conditioning stimulus to any finger other than the index finger. Perceptual sensitivity to digital nerve stimulation is suppressed by the afferent volley from the digital nerve of the contralateral homologous finger. This means that the afferent volley from the digital nerve suppresses the homologous finger representation in the ipsilateral somatosensory areas. These findings can be explained by the view that the afferent volley from the digital nerve of the index finger projects to the index finger representation in the contralateral primary sensory cortex and that the interhemispheric transcallosal inhibitory drive is provided from the secondary sensory cortex to the homologous finger representation in the contralateral secondary sensory cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Fukuda
- Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Metropolitan University
| | - Ryo Tsujinaka
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Hitoshi Oda
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Naoki Hamada
- Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Metropolitan University
| | - Masakazu Matsuoka
- Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Metropolitan University
| | - Koichi Hiraoka
- School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Habikino city, Osaka, Japan
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Ramdeo KR, Rehsi RS, Foglia SD, Turco CV, Toepp SL, Nelson AJ. Experimental environment improves the reliability of short-latency afferent inhibition. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281867. [PMID: 36812217 PMCID: PMC9946256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence indicates attention can alter afferent inhibition, a Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) evoked measure of cortical inhibition following somatosensory input. When peripheral nerve stimulation is delivered prior to TMS, a phenomenon known as afferent inhibition occurs. The latency between the peripheral nerve stimulation dictates the subtype of afferent inhibition evoked, either short latency afferent inhibition (SAI) or long latency afferent inhibition (LAI). While afferent inhibition is emerging as a valuable tool for clinical assessment of sensorimotor function, the reliability of the measure remains relatively low. Therefore, to improve the translation of afferent inhibition within and beyond the research lab, the reliability of the measure must be improved. Previous literature suggests that the focus of attention can modify the magnitude of afferent inhibition. As such, controlling the focus of attention may be one method to improve the reliability of afferent inhibition. In the present study, the magnitude and reliability of SAI and LAI was assessed under four conditions with varying attentional demands focused on the somatosensory input that evokes SAI and LAI circuits. Thirty individuals participated in four conditions; three conditions were identical in their physical parameters and varied only in the focus of directed attention (visual attend, tactile attend, non- directed attend) and one condition consisted of no external physical parameters (no stimulation). Reliability was measured by repeating conditions at three time points to assess intrasession and intersession reliability. Results indicate that the magnitude of SAI and LAI were not modulated by attention. However, the reliability of SAI demonstrated increased intrasession and intersession reliability compared to the no stimulation condition. The reliability of LAI was unaffected by the attention conditions. This research demonstrates the impact of attention/arousal on the reliability of afferent inhibition and has identified new parameters to inform the design of TMS research to improve reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ravjot S. Rehsi
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Stevie D. Foglia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Claudia V. Turco
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Stephen L. Toepp
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Aimee J. Nelson
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Cao J, Qu Y, Chen L, Liu T, Guo J, Gong Y, Tian Z, Xiong J, Lin Z, Yang X, Yin T, Zeng F. The regulations on cortical activation and functional connectivity of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex-primary somatosensory cortex elicited by acupuncture with reinforcing-reducing manipulation. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1159378. [PMID: 37206312 PMCID: PMC10188977 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1159378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Traditional acupuncture with reinforcing-reducing manipulation is essential for clinical effectiveness, whereas the underlying central mechanism of it remains unknown. This study with multiple-channels functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) aims to explore cerebral-response modes during acupuncture with reinforcing-reducing manipulations. Materials and methods Functional near-infrared spectroscopy data were recorded from 35 healthy participants during the lifting-thrusting reinforcing manipulation, the lifting-thrusting reducing manipulation, and the even reinforcing-reducing manipulation with lifting-thrusting. The general linear model based (GLM) cortical activation analysis and the functional connectivity (FC) based on region of interest (ROI) analysis were combined to be conducted. Results In comparison with the baseline, the results showed that three acupuncture with reinforcing-reducing manipulations similarly induced the hemodynamic responses in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and increased FC between the DLPFC and primary somatosensory cortex (S1). Specifically, the even reinforcing-reducing manipulation deactivated the bilateral DLPFC, the frontopolar area (FP), the right primary motor cortex (M1), the bilateral S1, and the bilateral secondary somatosensory cortex (S2); The reducing manipulation deactivated the bilateral DLPFC; The reinforcing manipulation activated the bilateral DLPFC, the left S1, and the right S2. The between-group comparisons indicated that the reinforcing-reducing manipulation induced opposite hemodynamic responses in the bilateral DLPFC and the left S1 and exhibited different FC patterns in the left DLPFC-S1, within the right DLPFC, and between the left S1 and the left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Conclusion These findings verified the feasibility of fNIRS for investigating cerebral functional activities of acupuncture manipulations, suggesting that the regulations on the DLPFC-S1 cortex may be the potential central mechanism for the realization of acupuncture with reinforcing-reducing manipulation's effect. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier, ChiCTR2100051893.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Cao
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuzhu Qu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Chen
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sport and Healthy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yulai Gong
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial Rehabilitation Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zilei Tian
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Xiong
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenfang Lin
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial Rehabilitation Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial Rehabilitation Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Health and Rehabilitation School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Yin
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Tao Yin,
| | - Fang Zeng
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Zeng,
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10
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Manzone DM, Tremblay L, Chua R. Tactile facilitation during actual and mere expectation of object reception. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17514. [PMID: 36266418 PMCID: PMC9585022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22133-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
During reaching and grasping movements tactile processing is typically suppressed. However, during a reception or catching task, the object can still be acquired but without suppressive processes related to movement execution. Rather, tactile information may be facilitated as the object approaches in anticipation of object contact and the utilization of tactile feedback. Therefore, the current study investigated tactile processing during a reception task. Participants sat with their upper limb still as an object travelled to and contacted their fingers. At different points along the object's trajectory and prior to contact, participants were asked to detect tactile stimuli delivered to their index finger. To understand if the expectation of object contact contributed to any modulation in tactile processing, the object stopped prematurely on 20% of trials. Compared to a pre-object movement baseline, relative perceptual thresholds were decreased throughout the object's trajectory, and even when the object stopped prematurely. Further, there was no evidence for modulation when the stimulus was presented shortly before object contact. The former results suggest that tactile processing is facilitated as an object approaches an individual's hand. As well, we purport that the expectation of tactile feedback drives this modulation. Finally, the latter results suggest that peripheral masking may have reduced/abolished any facilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian M. Manzone
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Perceptual Motor Behaviour Laboratory, Centre for Motor Control, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2W6 Canada
| | - Luc Tremblay
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Perceptual Motor Behaviour Laboratory, Centre for Motor Control, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2W6 Canada
| | - Romeo Chua
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
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11
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Manzone DM, Tremblay L. Facilitation of tactile processing during action observation of goal-directed reach and grasp movements. J Neurophysiol 2022; 128:681-688. [PMID: 35946802 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00236.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Our perception of sensory events can be altered by action, but less is known about how our perception can be altered by action observation. For example, our ability to detect tactile stimuli is reduced when our limb is moving, and task-relevance and movement speed can alter such tactile detectability. During action observation, however, the relationship between tactile processing and such modulating factors is not known. Thus, the current study sought to explore tactile processing at a task-relevant location during the observation of reaching and grasping movements performed at different speeds. Specifically, participants observed videos of an anonymous model performing movements at a slow (i.e., peak velocity [PV]: 155 mm/second), medium (i.e., PV: 547 mm/s), or fast speed (i.e., PV: 955 mm/s). To assess tactile processing, weak electrical stimuli of different amplitudes were presented to participants' right thumbs when the observed model was at their starting position and prior to any movement, or when the observed model's limb reached its PV. When observing slow movements, normalized perceptual thresholds were significantly lower/ better than for the pre-movement stimulation time. These data suggest that the movement speed can modulate tactile processing, even when observing a movement. Further, these findings provide seminal evidence for tactile facilitation at a task-relevant location during the observation of slow reaching and grasping movements (i.e., speeds associated with tactile exploration).
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian M Manzone
- Perceptual Motor Behaviour Laboratory, Centre for Motor Control, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luc Tremblay
- Perceptual Motor Behaviour Laboratory, Centre for Motor Control, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Breitinger E, Pokorny L, Biermann L, Jarczok TA, Dundon NM, Roessner V, Bender S. What makes somatosensory short-term memory maintenance effective? An EEG study comparing contralateral delay activity between sighted participants and participants who are blind. Neuroimage 2022; 259:119407. [PMID: 35752414 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatosensory short-term memory is essential for object recognition, sensorimotor learning, and, especially, Braille reading for people who are blind. This study examined how visual sensory deprivation and a compensatory focus on somatosensory information influences memory processes in this domain. We measured slow cortical negativity developing during short-term tactile memory maintenance (tactile contralateral delay activity, tCDA) in frontal and somatosensory areas while a sample of 24 sighted participants and 22 participants who are blind completed a tactile change-detection task where varying loads of Braille pin patterns served as stimuli. Auditory cues, appearing at varying latencies between sample arrays, could be used to reduce memory demands during maintenance. Participants who are blind (trained Braille readers) outperformed sighted participants behaviorally. In addition, while task-related frontal activation featured in both groups, participants who are blind uniquely showed higher tCDA amplitudes specifically over somatosensory areas. The site specificity of this component's functional relevance in short-term memory maintenance was further supported by somatosensory tCDA amplitudes first correlating across the whole sample with behavioral performance, and secondly showing sensitivity to varying memory load. The results substantiate sensory recruitment models and provide new insights into the effects of visual sensory deprivation on tactile processing. Between-group differences in the interplay between frontal and somatosensory areas during somatosensory maintenance also suggest that efficient maintenance of complex tactile stimuli in short-term memory is primarily facilitated by lateralized activity in somatosensory cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Breitinger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Germany.
| | - Lena Pokorny
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Germany
| | - Lea Biermann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Germany
| | - Tomasz Antoni Jarczok
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, KJF Klinik Josefinum, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Neil M Dundon
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA
| | - Veit Roessner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital C. G. Carus, Germany
| | - Stephan Bender
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Germany
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13
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Isaacs D, Key AP, Cascio CJ, Conley AC, Riordan H, Walker HC, Wallace MT, Claassen DO. Cross-disorder comparison of sensory over-responsivity in chronic tic disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Compr Psychiatry 2022; 113:152291. [PMID: 34952304 PMCID: PMC8792289 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2021.152291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensory over-responsivity (SOR) refers to excessively intense and/or prolonged behavioral responses to environmental stimuli typically perceived as non-aversive. SOR is prevalent in several neurodevelopmental disorders, including chronic tic disorders (CTDs) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Few studies have examined the extent and clinical correlates of SOR across disorders, limiting insights into the phenomenon's transdiagnostic clinical and biological relevance. Such cross-disorder comparisons are of particular interest for CTDs and OCD given their frequent co-occurrence. OBJECTIVE We sought to compare the magnitude of SOR between adults with CTD and adults with OCD and to identify the clinical factors most strongly associated with SOR across these disorders. METHODS We enrolled 207 age- and sex-matched participants across four diagnostic categories: CTD without OCD (designated "CTD/OCD-"; n = 37), CTD with OCD ("CTD/OCD+"; n = 32), OCD without tic disorder ("OCD"; n = 69), and healthy controls (n = 69). Participants completed a self-report battery of rating scales assessing SOR (Sensory Gating Inventory, SGI), obsessive-compulsive symptoms (Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, DOCS), inattention and hyperactivity (Adult ADHD Self-Report Screening Scale for DSM-5, ASRS-5), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7), and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9). CTD participants were also administered the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS). To examine between-group differences in SOR, we compared SGI score across all groups and between pairs of groups. To examine the relationship of SOR with other clinical factors, we performed multivariable linear regression. RESULTS CTD/OCD-, CTD/OCD+, and OCD participants were 86.7%, 87.6%, and 89.5%, respectively, more likely to have higher SGI total scores than healthy controls. SGI total score did not differ between CTD/OCD-, CTD/OCD+, and OCD groups. In the regression model of log-transformed SGI total score, OCD diagnosis, DOCS score, and ASRS-5 score each contributed significantly to model goodness-of-fit, whereas CTD diagnosis and YGTSS total tic score did not. CONCLUSION SOR is prevalent in adults with CTD and in adults with OCD but does not significantly differ in magnitude between these disorders. Across CTD, OCD, and healthy control adult populations, SOR is independently associated with both obsessive-compulsive and ADHD symptoms, suggesting a transdiagnostic relationship between these sensory and psychiatric manifestations. Future cross-disorder, longitudinal, and translational research is needed to clarify the role and prognostic import of SOR in CTDs, OCD, and other neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Isaacs
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.
| | - Alexandra P Key
- Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.
| | - Carissa J Cascio
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Frist Center for Autism and Innovation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.
| | - Alexander C Conley
- Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.
| | - Heather Riordan
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.
| | - Harrison C Walker
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
| | - Mark T Wallace
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Frist Center for Autism and Innovation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.
| | - Daniel O Claassen
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.
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14
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Zhao HC, Lv R, Zhang GY, He LM, Cai XT, Sun Q, Yan CY, Bao XY, Lv XY, Fu B. Alterations of Prefrontal-Posterior Information Processing Patterns in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:768219. [PMID: 35173572 PMCID: PMC8841879 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.768219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by different levels of repetitive and stereotypic behavior as well as deficits in social interaction and communication. In this current study, we explored the changes in cerebral neural activities in ASD. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there exists a dysfunction of interactive information processing between the prefrontal cortex and posterior brain regions in ASD. We investigated the atypical connectivity and information flow between the prefrontal cortex and posterior brain regions in ASD utilizing the entropy connectivity (a kind of directional connectivity) method. Eighty-nine patients with ASD and 94 typical developing (TD) teenagers participated in this study. Two-sample t-tests revealed weakened interactive entropy connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and posterior brain regions. This result indicates that there exists interactive prefrontal-posterior underconnectivity in ASD, and this disorder might lead to less prior knowledge being used and updated. Our proposals highlighted that aforementioned atypical change might accelerate the deoptimization of brain networks in ASD.
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15
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Wiesman AI, Mundorf VM, Casagrande CC, Wolfson SL, Johnson CM, May PE, Murman DL, Wilson TW. Somatosensory dysfunction is masked by variable cognitive deficits across patients on the Alzheimer's disease spectrum. EBioMedicine 2021; 73:103638. [PMID: 34689085 PMCID: PMC8550984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is generally thought to spare primary sensory function; however, such interpretations have drawn from a literature that has rarely taken into account the variable cognitive declines seen in patients with AD. As these cognitive domains are now known to modulate cortical somatosensory processing, it remains possible that abnormalities in somatosensory function in patients with AD have been suppressed by neuropsychological variability in previous research. Methods In this study, we combine magnetoencephalographic (MEG) brain imaging during a paired-pulse somatosensory gating task with an extensive battery of neuropsychological tests to investigate the influence of cognitive variability on estimated differences in somatosensory function between biomarker-confirmed patients on the AD spectrum and cognitively-normal older adults. Findings We show that patients on the AD spectrum exhibit largely non-significant differences in somatosensory function when cognitive variability is not considered (p-value range: .020–.842). However, once attention and processing speed abilities are considered, robust differences in gamma-frequency somatosensory response amplitude (p < .001) and gating (p = .004) emerge, accompanied by significant statistical suppression effects. Interpretation These findings suggest that patients with AD exhibit insults to functional somatosensory processing in primary sensory cortices, but these effects are masked by variability in cognitive decline across individuals. Funding National Institutes of Health, USA; Fremont Area Alzheimer's Fund, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex I Wiesman
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada; Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Victoria M Mundorf
- Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Chloe C Casagrande
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | | | | | - Pamela E May
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Daniel L Murman
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA; Memory Disorders and Behavioral Neurology Program, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
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16
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Long-term effects of concussion on relevancy-based modulation of somatosensory-evoked potentials. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:2431-2439. [PMID: 34454270 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this investigation was to better understand the effects of concussions on the ability to selectively up or down-regulate incoming somatosensory information based on relevance. METHODS Median nerve somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) were elicited from electrical stimulation and recorded from scalp electrodes while participants completed tasks that altered the relevance of specific somatosensory information being conveyed along the stimulated nerve. RESULTS Within the control group, SEP amplitudes for task-relevant somatosensory information were significantly greater than for non-relevant somatosensory information at the earliest cortical processing potentials (N20-P27). Alternatively, the concussion history group showed similar SEP amplitudes for all conditions at early processing potentials, however a pattern similar to controls emerged later in the processing stream (P100) where both movement-related gating and facilitation of task-relevant information were present. CONCLUSIONS Previously concussed participants demonstrated impairments in the ability to up-regulate relevant somatosensory information at early processing stages. These effects appear to be chronic, as this pattern was observed on average several years after participants' most recent concussion. SIGNIFICANCE Given the role of the prefrontal cortex in relevancy-based facilitation during movement-related gating, these findings lend support to the notion that this brain area may be particularly vulnerable to concussive forces.
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17
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Fabre M, Antoine M, Robitaille MG, Ribot-Ciscar E, Ackerley R, Aimonetti JM, Chavet P, Blouin J, Simoneau M, Mouchnino L. Large Postural Sways Prevent Foot Tactile Information From Fading: Neurophysiological Evidence. Cereb Cortex Commun 2021; 2:tgaa094. [PMID: 34296149 PMCID: PMC8152841 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgaa094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous foot receptors are important for balance control, and their activation during quiet standing depends on the speed and the amplitude of postural oscillations. We hypothesized that the transmission of cutaneous input to the cortex is reduced during prolonged small postural sways due to receptor adaptation during continued skin compression. Central mechanisms would trigger large sways to reactivate the receptors. We compared the amplitude of positive and negative post-stimulation peaks (P50N90) somatosensory cortical potentials evoked by the electrical stimulation of the foot sole during small and large sways in 16 young adults standing still with their eyes closed. We observed greater P50N90 amplitudes during large sways compared with small sways consistent with increased cutaneous transmission during large sways. Postural oscillations computed 200 ms before large sways had smaller amplitudes than those before small sways, providing sustained compression within a small foot sole area. Cortical source analyses revealed that during this interval, the activity of the somatosensory areas decreased, whereas the activity of cortical areas engaged in motor planning (supplementary motor area, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) increased. We concluded that large sways during quiet standing represent self-generated functional behavior aiming at releasing skin compression to reactivate mechanoreceptors. Such balance motor commands create sensory reafference that help control postural sway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Fabre
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, FR 3C, Marseille 13331, France
| | - Marine Antoine
- Département de kinésiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | | | - Edith Ribot-Ciscar
- LNSC (Laboratoire de Neurosciences Sensorielles et Cognitives - UMR 7260, FR3C), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille 13331, France
| | - Rochelle Ackerley
- LNSC (Laboratoire de Neurosciences Sensorielles et Cognitives - UMR 7260, FR3C), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille 13331, France
| | - Jean-Marc Aimonetti
- LNSC (Laboratoire de Neurosciences Sensorielles et Cognitives - UMR 7260, FR3C), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille 13331, France
| | - Pascale Chavet
- Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille 13288, France
| | - Jean Blouin
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, FR 3C, Marseille 13331, France
| | - Martin Simoneau
- Département de kinésiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Laurence Mouchnino
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, FR 3C, Marseille 13331, France
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18
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Kearney J, Brittain JS. Sensory Attenuation in Sport and Rehabilitation: Perspective from Research in Parkinson's Disease. Brain Sci 2021; 11:580. [PMID: 33946218 PMCID: PMC8145846 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11050580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
People with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience motor symptoms that are affected by sensory information in the environment. Sensory attenuation describes the modulation of sensory input caused by motor intent. This appears to be altered in PD and may index important sensorimotor processes underpinning PD symptoms. We review recent findings investigating sensory attenuation and reconcile seemingly disparate results with an emphasis on task-relevance in the modulation of sensory input. Sensory attenuation paradigms, across different sensory modalities, capture how two identical stimuli can elicit markedly different perceptual experiences depending on our predictions of the event, but also the context in which the event occurs. In particular, it appears as though contextual information may be used to suppress or facilitate a response to a stimulus on the basis of task-relevance. We support this viewpoint by considering the role of the basal ganglia in task-relevant sensory filtering and the use of contextual signals in complex environments to shape action and perception. This perspective highlights the dual effect of basal ganglia dysfunction in PD, whereby a reduced capacity to filter task-relevant signals harms the ability to integrate contextual cues, just when such cues are required to effectively navigate and interact with our environment. Finally, we suggest how this framework might be used to establish principles for effective rehabilitation in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Kearney
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - John-Stuart Brittain
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
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19
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Bandet MV, Dong B, Winship IR. Distinct patterns of activity in individual cortical neurons and local networks in primary somatosensory cortex of mice evoked by square-wave mechanical limb stimulation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0236684. [PMID: 33914738 PMCID: PMC8084136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial forms of mechanical limb stimulation are used within multiple fields of study to determine the level of cortical excitability and to map the trajectory of neuronal recovery from cortical damage or disease. Square-wave mechanical or electrical stimuli are often used in these studies, but a characterization of sensory-evoked response properties to square-waves with distinct fundamental frequencies but overlapping harmonics has not been performed. To distinguish between somatic stimuli, the primary somatosensory cortex must be able to represent distinct stimuli with unique patterns of activity, even if they have overlapping features. Thus, mechanical square-wave stimulation was used in conjunction with regional and cellular imaging to examine regional and cellular response properties evoked by different frequencies of stimulation. Flavoprotein autofluorescence imaging was used to map the somatosensory cortex of anaesthetized C57BL/6 mice, and in vivo two-photon Ca2+ imaging was used to define patterns of neuronal activation during mechanical square-wave stimulation of the contralateral forelimb or hindlimb at various frequencies (3, 10, 100, 200, and 300 Hz). The data revealed that neurons within the limb associated somatosensory cortex responding to various frequencies of square-wave stimuli exhibit stimulus-specific patterns of activity. Subsets of neurons were found to have sensory-evoked activity that is either primarily responsive to single stimulus frequencies or broadly responsive to multiple frequencies of limb stimulation. High frequency stimuli were shown to elicit more population activity, with a greater percentage of the population responding and greater percentage of cells with high amplitude responses. Stimulus-evoked cell-cell correlations within these neuronal networks varied as a function of frequency of stimulation, such that each stimulus elicited a distinct pattern that was more consistent across multiple trials of the same stimulus compared to trials at different frequencies of stimulation. The variation in cortical response to different square-wave stimuli can thus be represented by the population pattern of supra-threshold Ca2+ transients, the magnitude and temporal properties of the evoked activity, and the structure of the stimulus-evoked correlation between neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mischa V. Bandet
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Neurochemical Research Unit, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bin Dong
- Neurochemical Research Unit, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ian R. Winship
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Neurochemical Research Unit, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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20
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Tremblay SA, Jäger AT, Huck J, Giacosa C, Beram S, Schneider U, Grahl S, Villringer A, Tardif CL, Bazin PL, Steele CJ, Gauthier CJ. White matter microstructural changes in short-term learning of a continuous visuomotor sequence. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:1677-1698. [PMID: 33885965 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02267-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Efficient neural transmission is crucial for optimal brain function, yet the plastic potential of white matter (WM) has long been overlooked. Growing evidence now shows that modifications to axons and myelin occur not only as a result of long-term learning, but also after short training periods. Motor sequence learning (MSL), a common paradigm used to study neuroplasticity, occurs in overlapping learning stages and different neural circuits are involved in each stage. However, most studies investigating short-term WM plasticity have used a pre-post design, in which the temporal dynamics of changes across learning stages cannot be assessed. In this study, we used multiple magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans at 7 T to investigate changes in WM in a group learning a complex visuomotor sequence (LRN) and in a control group (SMP) performing a simple sequence, for five consecutive days. Consistent with behavioral results, where most improvements occurred between the two first days, structural changes in WM were observed only in the early phase of learning (d1-d2), and in overall learning (d1-d5). In LRNs, WM microstructure was altered in the tracts underlying the primary motor and sensorimotor cortices. Moreover, our structural findings in WM were related to changes in functional connectivity, assessed with resting-state functional MRI data in the same cohort, through analyses in regions of interest (ROIs). Significant changes in WM microstructure were found in a ROI underlying the right supplementary motor area. Together, our findings provide evidence for highly dynamic WM plasticity in the sensorimotor network during short-term MSL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéfanie A Tremblay
- Department of Physics/PERFORM Center, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anna-Thekla Jäger
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Charite Universitätsmedizin, Charite, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Huck
- Department of Physics/PERFORM Center, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Chiara Giacosa
- Department of Physics/PERFORM Center, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephanie Beram
- Department of Physics/PERFORM Center, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Uta Schneider
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sophia Grahl
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig University Medical Centre, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany.,Collaborative Research Centre 1052-A5, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christine L Tardif
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre-Louis Bazin
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christopher J Steele
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Claudine J Gauthier
- Department of Physics/PERFORM Center, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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21
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Vallinoja J, Jaatela J, Nurmi T, Piitulainen H. Gating Patterns to Proprioceptive Stimulation in Various Cortical Areas: An MEG Study in Children and Adults using Spatial ICA. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:1523-1537. [PMID: 33140082 PMCID: PMC7869097 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Proprioceptive paired-stimulus paradigm was used for 30 children (10-17 years) and 21 adult (25-45 years) volunteers in magnetoencephalography (MEG). Their right index finger was moved twice with 500-ms interval every 4 ± 25 s (repeated 100 times) using a pneumatic-movement actuator. Spatial-independent component analysis (ICA) was applied to identify stimulus-related components from MEG cortical responses. Clustering was used to identify spatiotemporally consistent components across subjects. We found a consistent primary response in the primary somatosensory (SI) cortex with similar gating ratios of 0.72 and 0.69 for the children and adults, respectively. Secondary responses with similar transient gating behavior were centered bilaterally in proximity of the lateral sulcus. Delayed and prolonged responses with strong gating were found in the frontal and parietal cortices possibly corresponding to larger processing network of somatosensory afference. No significant correlation between age and gating ratio was found. We confirmed that cortical gating to proprioceptive stimuli is comparable to other somatosensory and auditory domains, and between children and adults. Gating occurred broadly beyond SI cortex. Spatial ICA revealed several consistent response patterns in various cortical regions which would have been challenging to detect with more commonly applied equivalent current dipole or distributed source estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Vallinoja
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, 00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Julia Jaatela
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, 00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Timo Nurmi
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, 00076 Espoo, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Harri Piitulainen
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, 00076 Espoo, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
- Aalto NeuroImaging, MEG Core, Aalto University School of Science, 00076 Espoo, Finland
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Cléry JC, Hori Y, Schaeffer DJ, Gati JS, Pruszynski JA, Everling S. Whole brain mapping of somatosensory responses in awake marmosets investigated with ultra-high-field fMRI. J Neurophysiol 2020; 124:1900-1913. [PMID: 33112698 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00480.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a small-bodied New World primate that is becoming an important model to study brain functions. Despite several studies exploring the somatosensory system of marmosets, all results have come from anesthetized animals using invasive techniques and postmortem analyses. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility for getting high-quality and reproducible somatosensory mapping in awake marmosets with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We acquired fMRI sequences in four animals, while they received tactile stimulation (via air-puffs), delivered to the face, arm, or leg. We found a topographic body representation with the leg representation in the most medial part, the face representation in the most lateral part, and the arm representation between leg and face representation within areas 3a, 3b, and 1/2. A similar sequence from leg to face from caudal to rostral sites was identified in areas S2 and PV. By generating functional connectivity maps of seeds defined in the primary and second somatosensory regions, we identified two clusters of tactile representation within the posterior and midcingulate cortex. However, unlike humans and macaques, no clear somatotopic maps were observed. At the subcortical level, we found a somatotopic body representation in the thalamus and, for the first time in marmosets, in the putamen. These maps have similar organizations, as those previously found in Old World macaque monkeys and humans, suggesting that these subcortical somatotopic organizations were already established before Old and New World primates diverged. Our results show the first whole brain mapping of somatosensory responses acquired in a noninvasive way in awake marmosets.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We used somatosensory stimulation combined with functional MRI (fMRI) in awake marmosets to reveal the topographic body representation in areas S1, S2, thalamus, and putamen. We showed the existence of a body representation organization within the thalamus and the cingulate cortex by computing functional connectivity maps from seeds defined in S1/S2, using resting-state fMRI data. This noninvasive approach will be essential for chronic studies by guiding invasive recording and manipulation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine C Cléry
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuki Hori
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David J Schaeffer
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph S Gati
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Andrew Pruszynski
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefan Everling
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Biggs EE, Timmers I, Meulders A, Vlaeyen JW, Goebel R, Kaas AL. The neural correlates of pain-related fear: A meta-analysis comparing fear conditioning studies using painful and non-painful stimuli. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 119:52-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Hirano M, Sakurada M, Furuya S. Overcoming the ceiling effects of experts' motor expertise through active haptic training. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/47/eabd2558. [PMID: 33219034 PMCID: PMC7679166 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd2558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
One of the most challenging issues among experts is how to improve motor skills that have already been highly trained. Recent studies have proposed importance of both genetic predisposition and accumulated amount of practice for standing at the top of fields of sports and performing arts. In contrast to the two factors, what is unexplored is how one practices impacts on experts' expertise. Here, we show that training of active somatosensory function (active haptic training) enhances precise force control in the keystrokes and somatosensory functions specifically of expert pianists, but not of untrained individuals. By contrast, training that merely repeats the task with provision of error feedback, which is a typical training method, failed to improve the force control in the experts, but not in the untrained. These findings provide evidence that the limit of highly trained motor skills could be overcome by optimizing training methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hirano
- Sony Computer Science Laboratories Inc. (SONY CSL), Tokyo, Japan.
- Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Sakurada
- Sony Computer Science Laboratories Inc. (SONY CSL), Tokyo, Japan
- Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Furuya
- Sony Computer Science Laboratories Inc. (SONY CSL), Tokyo, Japan
- Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
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25
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Spooner RK, Wiesman AI, O'Neill J, Schantell MD, Fox HS, Swindells S, Wilson TW. Prefrontal gating of sensory input differentiates cognitively impaired and unimpaired aging adults with HIV. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa080. [PMID: 32954330 PMCID: PMC7472908 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite effective therapies that have extended the life expectancy of persons living with HIV, 35-70% of these adults still develop some form of cognitive impairment, and with a growing population of aging adults with HIV, the prevalence of these cognitive deficits is likely to increase. The mechanisms underlying these HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders remain poorly understood but are often accelerated by the aging process and accompanied by disturbances in sensory processing, which may contribute to the observed cognitive decline. The goal of the current study was to identify the impact of aging on HIV-related alterations in inhibitory processing and determine whether such alterations are related to cognitive impairment in neuroHIV. We used magnetoencephalographic imaging, advanced time series analysis methods, and a paired-pulse stimulation paradigm to interrogate inhibitory processing in 87 HIV-infected aging adults and 92 demographically matched uninfected controls (22-72 years old). Whole-brain maps linking age and neural indices were computed for each group and compared via Fisher's Z transformations. Peak voxel time-series data were also extracted from the resulting images to quantify the dynamics of spontaneous neural activity preceding stimulation onset in each group. Whole-brain analyses using the somatosensory gating index, a metric of inhibitory processing and age distinguished impaired adults with HIV from unimpaired HIV-infected adults and controls. Briefly, younger cognitively impaired adults with HIV strongly utilized the prefrontal cortices to gate somatosensory input, and the role of this region in gating was uniquely and significantly modulated by aging only in impaired adults with HIV. Spontaneous neural activity preceding stimulus onset was also significantly elevated in the prefrontal cortices of those with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder, and this elevation was significantly related to the CD4 nadir across both HIV-infected groups. This is the first study to examine the impact of aging on inhibitory processing in HIV-infected adults with and without cognitive impairment. Our findings suggest that young adults with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder utilize the prefrontal cortices to gate (i.e. suppress) redundant somatosensory input, and that this capacity uniquely diminishes with advancing age in impaired adults with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Spooner
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA.,Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA.,Cognitive Neuroscience of Development & Aging (CoNDA) Center, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Alex I Wiesman
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA.,Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA.,Cognitive Neuroscience of Development & Aging (CoNDA) Center, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jennifer O'Neill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mikki D Schantell
- Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA.,Cognitive Neuroscience of Development & Aging (CoNDA) Center, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Howard S Fox
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Susan Swindells
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA.,Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA.,Cognitive Neuroscience of Development & Aging (CoNDA) Center, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
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26
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Nordmark PF, Johansson RS. Disinhibition of Human Primary Somatosensory Cortex After Median Nerve Transection and Reinnervation. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:166. [PMID: 32499687 PMCID: PMC7242759 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite state-of-the-art surgical and postoperative treatment, median nerve transection causes lasting impaired hand function due to limitations in the nerve’s reinnervation ability. The defective innervation and thus controllability of the affected hand can shape the brain’s control of manual behaviors. Earlier studies of changes in the processing of tactile stimuli have focused mainly on stimulation of the reinnervated hand and lack sufficient control over the brain’s use of the tactile input in perceptual terms. Here we used fMRI to measure brain activity (BOLD-signal) in 11 people with median nerve injury and healthy controls (N = 11) when performing demanding tactile tasks using the tip of either the index or little finger of either hand. For the nerve-injured group, the left median nerve had been traumatically transected in the distal forearm and surgically repaired on average 8 years before the study. The hand representation of their contralesional (right) primary somatosensory cortex (S1) showed greater activity compared to controls when the left reinnervated index finger was used, but also when the left-hand little finger and the fingers of the right hand innervated by uninjured nerves were used. We argue that the overall increase in activity reflects a general disinhibition of contralesional S1 consistent with an augmented functional reorganizational plasticity being an ongoing feature of chronic recovery from nerve injury. Also, the nerve-injured showed increased activity within three prefrontal cortical areas implicated in higher-level behavioral processing (dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, left ventrolateral prefrontal and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex), suggesting that processes supporting decision-making and response-selection were computationally more demanding due to the compromised tactile sensibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per F Nordmark
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Physiology Section, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Section for Hand and Plastic Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Roland S Johansson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Physiology Section, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Wiesman AI, Wilson TW. Attention modulates the gating of primary somatosensory oscillations. Neuroimage 2020; 211:116610. [PMID: 32044438 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory gating (SG) is a well-studied phenomenon in which neural responses are reduced to identical stimuli presented in succession, and is thought to represent the functional inhibition of primary sensory information that is redundant in nature. SG is traditionally considered pre-attentive, but little is known about the effects of attentional state on this process. In this study, we investigate the impact of directed attention on somatosensory SG using magnetoencephalography. Healthy young adults (n = 26) performed a novel somato-visual paired-pulse oddball paradigm, in which attention was directed towards or away from paired-pulse stimulation of the left median nerve. We observed a robust evoked (i.e., phase-locked) somatosensory response in the time domain, and three stereotyped oscillatory responses in the time-frequency domain including an early theta response (4-8 Hz), and later alpha (8-14 Hz) and beta (20-26 Hz) responses across attentional states. The amplitudes of the evoked response and the theta and beta oscillations were gated for the second stimulus, however, only the gating of the oscillatory responses was altered by attention. Specifically, directing attention to the somatosensory domain enhanced SG of the early theta response, while reducing SG of the later alpha and beta responses. Further, prefrontal alpha-band coherence with the primary somatosensory cortex was greater when attention was directed towards the somatosensory domain, supporting a frontal modulatory effect on the alpha response in primary somatosensory regions. These findings highlight the dynamic effects of attentional modulation on somatosensory processing, and the importance of considering attentional state in studies of SG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex I Wiesman
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA.
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28
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Wang K, Xu M, Wang Y, Zhang S, Chen L, Ming D. Enhance decoding of pre-movement EEG patterns for brain-computer interfaces. J Neural Eng 2020; 17:016033. [PMID: 31747642 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab598f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In recent years, brain-computer interface (BCI) systems based on electroencephalography (EEG) have developed rapidly. However, the decoding of voluntary finger pre-movements from EEG is still a challenge for BCIs. This study aimed to analyze the pre-movement EEG features in time and frequency domains and design an efficient method to decode the movement-related patterns. APPROACH In this study, we first investigated the EEG features induced by the intention of left and right finger movements. Specifically, the movement-related cortical potential (MRCP) and event-related desynchronization (ERD) features were extracted using discriminative canonical pattern matching (DCPM) and common spatial patterns (CSP), respectively. Then, the two types of features were classified by two fisher discriminant analysis (FDA) classifiers, respectively. Their decision values were further assembled to facilitate the classification. To verify the validity of the proposed method, a private dataset containing 12 subjects and a public dataset from BCI competition II were used for estimating the classification accuracy. MAIN RESULTS As a result, for the private dataset, the combination of DCPM and CSP achieved an average accuracy of 80.96%, which was 5.08% higher than the single DCPM method (p < 0.01) and 10.23% higher than the single CSP method (p < 0.01). Notably, the highest accuracy could achieve 91.5% for the combination method. The test accuracy of dataset IV of BCI competition II was 90%, which was equal to the best result in the existing literature. SIGNIFICANCE The results demonstrate the MRCP and ERD features of pre-movements contain significantly discriminative information, which are complementary to each other, and thereby could be well recognized by the proposed combination method of DCPM and CSP. Therefore, this study provides a promising approach for the decoding of pre-movement EEG patterns, which is significant for the development of BCIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China. Contributed equally to this work
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Maternal Fluoxetine Exposure Alters Cortical Hemodynamic and Calcium Response of Offspring to Somatosensory Stimuli. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0238-19.2019. [PMID: 31843753 PMCID: PMC6978917 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0238-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have found an increased incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders in populations prenatally exposed to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Optical imaging provides a minimally invasive way to determine if perinatal SSRI exposure has long-term effects on cortical function. Herein we probed the functional neuroimaging effects of perinatal SSRI exposure in a fluoxetine (FLX)-exposed mouse model. Epidemiological studies have found an increased incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders in populations prenatally exposed to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Optical imaging provides a minimally invasive way to determine if perinatal SSRI exposure has long-term effects on cortical function. Herein we probed the functional neuroimaging effects of perinatal SSRI exposure in a fluoxetine (FLX)-exposed mouse model. While resting-state homotopic contralateral functional connectivity was unperturbed, the evoked cortical response to forepaw stimulation was altered in FLX mice. The stimulated cortex showed decreased activity for FLX versus controls, by both hemodynamic responses [oxyhemoglobin (HbO2)] and neuronal calcium responses (Thy1-GCaMP6f fluorescence). Significant alterations in both cortical HbO2 and calcium response amplitude were seen in the cortex ipsilateral to the stimulated paw in FLX as compared to controls. The cortical regions of largest difference in activation between FLX and controls also were consistent between HbO2 and calcium contrasts at the end of stimulation. Taken together, these results suggest a global loss of response signal amplitude in FLX versus controls. These findings indicate that perinatal SSRI exposure has long-term consequences on somatosensory cortical responses.
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Adams MS, Andrew D, Staines WR. The contribution of the prefrontal cortex to relevancy-based gating of visual and tactile stimuli. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:2747-2759. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05633-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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31
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Do TTN, Chuang CH, Hsiao SJ, Lin CT, Wang YK. Neural Comodulation of Independent Brain Processes Related to Multitasking. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2019; 27:1160-1169. [PMID: 31056503 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2019.2914242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Distracted driving is regarded as an integrated task requiring different regions of the brain to receive sensory data, coordinate information, make decisions, and synchronize movements. In this paper, we applied an independent modulator analysis (IMA) method to temporally independent electroencephalography (EEG) components to understand how the human executive control system coordinates different brain regions to simultaneously perform multiple tasks with distractions presented in different modalities. The behavioral results showed that the reaction time (RT) in response to traffic events increased while multitasking. Moreover, the RT was longer when the distractor was presented in an auditory form versus a visual form. The IMA results showed that there were performance-related IMs coordinating different brain regions during distracted driving. The component spectral fluctuations affected by the modulators were distinct between the single- and dual-task conditions. Specifically, more modulatory weight was projected to the occipital region to address the additional distracting stimulus in both visual and auditory modality in the dual-task conditions. A comparison of modulatory weights between auditory and visual distractors showed that more modulatory weight was projected to the frontal region during the processing of the auditory distractor. This paper provides valuable insights into the temporal dynamics of attentional modulation during multitasking as well as an understanding of the underlying brain mechanisms that mediate the synchronization across brain regions and govern the allocation of attention in distracted driving.
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Peters S, Brown KE, Garland SJ, Staines WR, Handy TC, Francisco BA, Boyd LA. Cortical processing of irrelevant somatosensory information from the leg is altered by attention during early movement preparation. Brain Res 2019; 1707:45-53. [PMID: 30468723 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ability to actively suppress, or gate, irrelevant sensory information is needed for safe and efficient walking in sensory-rich environments. Both attention and the late phase of motor preparation alter somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in healthy adults. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of attention on the processing of irrelevant somatosensory information during the early phase of preparation of plantarflexion movements. Young healthy individuals received tibial nerve stimulation while electroencephalography (EEG) recorded SEPs over the Cz electrode. Three conditions were tested in both legs: 1) Rest, 2) Attend To the stimulated limb, and 3) Attend Away from the stimulated limb. In conditions 2 and 3, vibration (80 Hz) was applied over the medial soleus muscle to cue voluntary plantarflexion movements of the stimulated (Attend To) or non-stimulated leg (Attend Away). Only SEPs delivered during early preparation were averaged for statistical analysis. Results demonstrated a main effect of condition for the N40 and N70 indicating that SEP amplitudes in the Attend To condition were smaller than rest (p ≤ 0.02). For the P50, no interaction effects or main effects were found (p ≥ 0.08). There was no main effect of leg for any component measured. The results indicate that gating of irrelevant sensory information during early preparation occurs in the leg when attention is directed within the same limb. If attention alters the somatosensory stimuli from a leg movement, then directing attention may affect safe community walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Peters
- Graduate Programs in Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 212 - 2177 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Katlyn E Brown
- Graduate Programs in Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 212 - 2177 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - S Jayne Garland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Health Sciences Building, Room 200, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - W Richard Staines
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Todd C Handy
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Beatrice A Francisco
- Graduate Programs in Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 212 - 2177 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Lara A Boyd
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 212 - 2177 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Ball, Vancouver, BC, V6T IZ3, Canada
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Dehghan Nayyeri M, Burgmer M, Pfleiderer B. Impact of pressure as a tactile stimulus on working memory in healthy participants. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213070. [PMID: 30870456 PMCID: PMC6417705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on cross-modal interaction have demonstrated attenuated as well as facilitated effects for both neural responses as well as behavioral performance. The goals of this pilot study were to investigate possible cross-modal interactions of tactile stimulation on visual working memory and to identify possible neuronal correlates by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). During fMRI, participants (n = 12 females, n = 12 males) performed a verbal n-back task (0-back and 2-back tasks) while tactile pressure to the left thumbnail was delivered. Participants presented significantly lower behavioral performances (increased error rates, and reaction times) during the 2-back task as compared to the 0-back task. Task performance was independent of pressure in both tasks. This means that working memory performance was not impacted by a low salient tactile stimulus. Also in the fMRI data, no significant interactions of n-back x pressure were observed. In conclusion, the current study found no influence of tactile pressure on task-related brain activity during n-back (0-back and 2-back) tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboobeh Dehghan Nayyeri
- Medical Faculty and Institute of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR Clinic, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Burgmer
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Bettina Pfleiderer
- Medical Faculty and Institute of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Payne AM, Hajcak G, Ting LH. Dissociation of muscle and cortical response scaling to balance perturbation acceleration. J Neurophysiol 2018; 121:867-880. [PMID: 30517039 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00237.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of cortical activity in standing balance is unclear. Here we tested whether perturbation-evoked cortical responses share sensory input with simultaneous balance-correcting muscle responses. We hypothesized that the acceleration-dependent somatosensory signals that drive the initial burst of the muscle automatic postural response also drive the simultaneous perturbation-evoked cortical N1 response. We measured in healthy young adults ( n = 16) the initial burst of the muscle automatic postural response (100-200 ms), startle-related muscle responses (100-200 ms), and the perturbation-evoked cortical N1 potential, i.e., a negative peak in cortical EEG activity (100-200 ms) over the supplementary motor area. Forward and backward translational support-surface balance perturbations were applied at four levels of acceleration and were unpredictable in timing, direction, and acceleration. Our results from averaged and single-trial analyses suggest that although cortical and muscle responses are evoked by the same perturbation stimulus, their amplitudes are independently modulated. Although both muscle and cortical responses increase with acceleration, correlations between single-trial muscle and cortical responses were very weak. Furthermore, across subjects, the scaling of muscle responses to acceleration did not correspond to scaling of cortical responses to acceleration. Moreover, we observed a reduction in cortical response amplitude across trials that was related to a reduction in startle-related-but not balance-correcting-muscle activity. Therefore, cortical response attenuation may be related to a reduction in perceived threat rather than motor adaptation or changes in sensory inflow. We conclude that the cortical N1 reflects integrated sensory inputs simultaneously related to brain stem-mediated balance-correcting muscle responses and startle reflexes. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Reactive balance recovery requires sensory inputs to be transformed into appropriate balance-correcting motor responses via brain stem circuits; these are accompanied by simultaneous and poorly understood cortical responses. We used single-trial analyses to dissociate muscle and cortical response modulation with perturbation acceleration. Although muscle and cortical responses share sensory inputs, they have independent scaling mechanisms. Attenuation of cortical responses with experience reflected attenuation of brain stem-mediated startle responses rather than the amplitude of balance-correcting motor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiden M Payne
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Greg Hajcak
- Departments of Psychology and Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Lena H Ting
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Rehabilitation, Division of Physical Therapy, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia
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Hirata RP, Christensen SW, Agger S, Svindt M, Røssner N, Abildgaard J, Vuillerme N, Graven-Nielsen T. Light Touch Contact Improves Pain-Evoked Postural Instability During Quiet Standing. PAIN MEDICINE 2018; 19:2487-2495. [PMID: 29481664 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pny015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate if attention to additional sensory information from the fingertip can improve postural stability during pain, which is known to impair balance. Methods In 16 healthy volunteers, experimental pain was induced by intramuscular injection of hypertonic saline in the right vastus medialis muscle (isotonic saline used as nonpainful control, intramuscular injection in the same location). Pain intensity was assessed on an 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS; 0 representing "no pain" and 10 "maximum pain"). Subjects were asked to stand as still as possible on a force plate for 40 seconds with their eyes closed. Their postural stability was quantified by the area and velocity of center of pressure (CoP) displacement. The CoP was recorded with and without pain during two different conditions: 1) no touch and 2) the subjects were asked to lightly touch a curtain with their right index finger and focus their attention on keeping it as still as possible. Results Hypertonic injections induced higher NRS scores compared with control injections (P < 0.05). During the hypertonic injection condition, the CoP area and velocity in both directions increased during no touch compared with the light touch condition (P < 0.05). No differences were found during light touch between the hypertonic and isotonic injection conditions. Although experimental knee-related pain impaired postural stability, lightly touching a curtain with the fingertip decreased postural sway during painful conditions. Conclusions Providing additional sensory information while pain patients are performing balance exercises may improve postural stability and increase the quality of exercise, consequent rehabilitation protocols, and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogerio P Hirata
- SMI®.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Steffan W Christensen
- SMI®.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Simone Agger
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Svindt
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Nicklas Røssner
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jesper Abildgaard
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Nicolas Vuillerme
- University of Grenoble Alpes, AGEIS, and Institut Universitaire de France, La Tronche, France
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Peters S, Brown KE, Garland SJ, Staines WR, Handy TC, Boyd LA. Suppression of somatosensory stimuli during motor planning may explain levels of balance and mobility after stroke. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 48:3534-3551. [PMID: 30151944 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The ability to actively suppress, or gate, irrelevant sensory information is required for safe and efficient walking in sensory-rich environments. Both motor attention and motor planning alter somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in healthy adults. This study's aim was to examine the effect of motor attention on processing of irrelevant somatosensory information during plantar flexion motor planning after stroke. Thirteen healthy older adults and 11 individuals with stroke participated. Irrelevant tibial nerve stimulation was delivered while SEPs were recorded over Cz, overlaying the leg portion of the sensorimotor cortex at the vertex of the head. Three conditions were tested in both legs: (1) Rest, (2) Attend To, and (3) Attend Away from the stimulated limb. In conditions 2 and 3, relevant vibration cued voluntary plantar flexion movements of the stimulated (Attend To) or non-stimulated (Attend Away) leg. SEP amplitudes were averaged during motor planning per condition. Individuals with stroke did not show attention-mediated gating of the N40 component associated with irrelevant somatosensory information during motor planning. It may be that dysfunction in pathways connecting to area 3b explains the lack of attention-mediated gating of the N40. Also, attention-mediated gating during motor planning explained significant and unique variance in a measure of community balance and mobility combined with response time. Thus, the ability to gate irrelevant somatosensory information appears important for stepping in both older adults and after stroke. Our data suggest that therapies that direct motor attention could positively impact walking after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Peters
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Katlyn E Brown
- Graduate Programs in Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - S Jayne Garland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - W Richard Staines
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Todd C Handy
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lara A Boyd
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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37
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Bilateral cortical representation of tactile roughness. Brain Res 2018; 1699:79-88. [PMID: 29908164 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Roughness is the most important feature for texture discrimination. Here we investigate how the bilateral cortical representation of touch is modulated by tactile roughness by analyzing the neural responses elicited by stimuli with various coarseness levels ranging from fine to medium. A prolonged stimulation was delivered to 10 healthy subjects by passively sliding tactile stimuli under the fingertip while recording the EEG to study the modulation of Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SEPs) as well as activity in the theta and alpha bands. Elicited long-latency SEPs, namely bilateral P100-N140 and frontal P240 were consistent across stimuli. On the contrary, the temporal lag N140 - P240 was nonlinearly modulated both in contralateral and ipsilateral sides, in agreement with literature. Using a time-frequency analysis approach, we identified a theta band power increase in the [0 0.5]s interval and a partially overlapped power decrease in the alpha band which lasted throughout the stimulation. The estimated time these two phenomena were overlapped was comparable across stimuli, whereas a linear decrease in alpha band amplitude was reported when increasing the stimulus roughness in both contralateral and ipsilateral sides. This study showed that the selected tactile stimuli generated physiological bilateral responses that were modulated in a diversified way according to the stimulus roughness and side. Specifically, we identified sensory processing features (i.e., theta and alpha time overlap) invariant to the stimulus roughness (i.e., associated to a basic cortical mechanism of touch) and roughness-dependent cortical outputs comparable in the contralateral and ipsilateral sides that confirm a bilateral processing of tactile information.
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Armenta Salas M, Bashford L, Kellis S, Jafari M, Jo H, Kramer D, Shanfield K, Pejsa K, Lee B, Liu CY, Andersen RA. Proprioceptive and cutaneous sensations in humans elicited by intracortical microstimulation. eLife 2018; 7:32904. [PMID: 29633714 PMCID: PMC5896877 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pioneering work with nonhuman primates and recent human studies established intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) in primary somatosensory cortex (S1) as a method of inducing discriminable artificial sensation. However, these artificial sensations do not yet provide the breadth of cutaneous and proprioceptive percepts available through natural stimulation. In a tetraplegic human with two microelectrode arrays implanted in S1, we report replicable elicitations of sensations in both the cutaneous and proprioceptive modalities localized to the contralateral arm, dependent on both amplitude and frequency of stimulation. Furthermore, we found a subset of electrodes that exhibited multimodal properties, and that proprioceptive percepts on these electrodes were associated with higher amplitudes, irrespective of the frequency. These novel results demonstrate the ability to provide naturalistic percepts through ICMS that can more closely mimic the body’s natural physiological capabilities. Furthermore, delivering both cutaneous and proprioceptive sensations through artificial somatosensory feedback could improve performance and embodiment in brain-machine interfaces. Nerves throughout the body send information about touch, temperature, body position and pain through the spinal cord to the brain. A part of the brain called the somatosensory cortex processes this information. Spinal cord injuries disrupt these messages. Even though the somatosensory cortex has not been damaged, sensation is lost for the affected body areas. No treatment exists to repair the spinal cord so the loss of sensation is permanent. Applying electricity to the somatosensory cortex can produce artificial sensations. Scientists are testing this approach to restore a sense of touch for people with spinal cord injury. Early experiments show that using different patterns of electrical stimulation generates unnatural sensations in different body parts. People receiving the stimulation describe it as tingling or shocks. Scientists wonder if they can improve the technique to mimic feelings like touch or body position to make it easier for people with a spinal injury to move or use prostheses. Now, Armenta Salas et al. generated more natural sensations in a person with a spinal cord injury. Instead of taking the usual approach of delivering large currents to the surface of cortex, they inserted small electrodes into the inside of the cortex to stimulate it with small currents. In the experiments, electrodes were implanted in the somatosensory cortex of a volunteer who had lost the use of his limbs and torso because of a spinal injury. Armenta Salas et al. applied different patterns of electrical stimuli and the volunteer reported what they felt like. The patient described sensations like a pinch or squeeze in the forearm or upper arm with certain patterns. In some cases, the patient reported the sensation of the arm moving with stronger electrical currents. The experiments show that electrical stimulation of the brain can recreate some natural sensations. These sensations could help patients using robotic or prosthetic arms become more dexterous. It might also help patients view artificial limbs as part of their bodies, which could improve their sense of wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Armenta Salas
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States.,T & C Chen Brain-Machine Interface Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - Luke Bashford
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States.,T & C Chen Brain-Machine Interface Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - Spencer Kellis
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States.,T & C Chen Brain-Machine Interface Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States.,USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Matiar Jafari
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States.,T & C Chen Brain-Machine Interface Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States.,UCLA-Caltech Medical Scientist Training Program, Los Angeles, United States
| | - HyeongChan Jo
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States.,T & C Chen Brain-Machine Interface Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - Daniel Kramer
- USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, United States
| | | | - Kelsie Pejsa
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States.,T & C Chen Brain-Machine Interface Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - Brian Lee
- USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Charles Y Liu
- USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, United States.,Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, United States
| | - Richard A Andersen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States.,T & C Chen Brain-Machine Interface Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
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Relevance-dependent modulation of tactile suppression during active, passive and pantomime reach-to-grasp movements. Behav Brain Res 2018; 339:93-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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40
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Determining the Neural Substrate for Encoding a Memory of Human Pain and the Influence of Anxiety. J Neurosci 2017; 37:11806-11817. [PMID: 29097595 PMCID: PMC5719969 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0750-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
To convert a painful stimulus into a briefly maintainable construct when the painful stimulus is no longer accessible is essential to guide human behavior and avoid dangerous situations. Because of the aversive nature of pain, this encoding process might be influenced by emotional aspects and could thus vary across individuals, but we have yet to understand both the basic underlying neural mechanisms as well as potential interindividual differences. Using fMRI in combination with a delayed-discrimination task in healthy volunteers of both sexes, we discovered that brain regions involved in this working memory encoding process were dissociable according to whether the to-be-remembered stimulus was painful or not, with the medial thalamus and the rostral anterior cingulate cortex encoding painful and the primary somatosensory cortex encoding nonpainful stimuli. Encoding of painful stimuli furthermore significantly enhanced functional connectivity between the thalamus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). With regards to emotional aspects influencing encoding processes, we observed that more anxious participants showed significant performance advantages when encoding painful stimuli. Importantly, only during the encoding of pain, the interindividual differences in anxiety were associated with the strength of coupling between medial thalamus and mPFC, which was furthermore related to activity in the amygdala. These results indicate not only that there is a distinct signature for the encoding of a painful experience in humans, but also that this encoding process involves a strong affective component. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT To convert the sensation of pain into a briefly maintainable construct is essential to guide human behavior and avoid dangerous situations. Although this working memory encoding process is implicitly contained in the majority of studies, the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. Using fMRI in a delayed-discrimination task, we found that the encoding of pain engaged the activation of the medial thalamus and the functional connectivity between the thalamus and medial prefrontal cortex. These fMRI data were directly and indirectly related to participants' self-reported trait and state anxiety. Our findings indicate that the mechanisms responsible for the encoding of noxious stimuli differ from those for the encoding of innocuous stimuli, and that these mechanisms are shaped by an individual's anxiety levels.
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41
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Mirdamadi JL, Suzuki LY, Meehan SK. Attention modulates specific motor cortical circuits recruited by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neuroscience 2017; 359:151-158. [PMID: 28735100 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Skilled performance and acquisition is dependent upon afferent input to motor cortex. The present study used short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) to probe how manipulation of sensory afference by attention affects different circuits projecting to pyramidal tract neurons in motor cortex. SAI was assessed in the first dorsal interosseous muscle while participants performed a low or high attention-demanding visual detection task. SAI was evoked by preceding a suprathreshold transcranial magnetic stimulus with electrical stimulation of the median nerve at the wrist. To isolate different afferent intracortical circuits in motor cortex SAI was evoked using either posterior-anterior (PA) or anterior-posterior (PA) monophasic current. In an independent sample, somatosensory processing during the same attention-demanding visual detection tasks was assessed using somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEP) elicited by median nerve stimulation. SAI elicited by AP TMS was reduced under high compared to low visual attention demands. SAI elicited by PA TMS was not affected by visual attention demands. SEPs revealed that the high visual attention load reduced the fronto-central P20-N30 but not the contralateral parietal N20-P25 SEP component. P20-N30 reduction confirmed that the visual attention task altered sensory afference. The current results offer further support that PA and AP TMS recruit different neuronal circuits. AP circuits may be one substrate by which cognitive strategies shape sensorimotor processing during skilled movement by altering sensory processing in premotor areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Mirdamadi
- Human Sensorimotor Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - L Y Suzuki
- Human Sensorimotor Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - S K Meehan
- Human Sensorimotor Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Woolgar A, Zopf R. Multisensory coding in the multiple-demand regions: vibrotactile task information is coded in frontoparietal cortex. J Neurophysiol 2017; 118:703-716. [PMID: 28404826 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00559.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
At any given moment, our brains receive input from multiple senses. Successful behavior depends on our ability to prioritize the most important information and ignore the rest. A multiple-demand (MD) network of frontal and parietal regions is thought to support this process by adjusting to code information that is currently relevant (Duncan 2010). Accordingly, the network is proposed to encode a range of different types of information, including perceptual stimuli, task rules, and responses, as needed for the current cognitive operation. However, most MD research has used visual tasks, leaving limited information about whether these regions encode other sensory domains. We used multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data to test whether the MD regions code the details of somatosensory stimuli, in addition to tactile-motor response transformation rules and button-press responses. Participants performed a stimulus-response task in which they discriminated between two possible vibrotactile frequencies and applied a stimulus-response transformation rule to generate a button-press response. For MD regions, we found significant coding of tactile stimulus, rule, and response. Primary and secondary somatosensory regions encoded the tactile stimuli and the button-press responses but did not represent task rules. Our findings provide evidence that MD regions can code nonvisual somatosensory task information, commensurate with a domain-general role in cognitive control.NEW & NOTEWORTHY How does the brain encode the breadth of information from our senses and use this to produce goal-directed behavior? A network of frontoparietal multiple-demand (MD) regions is implicated but has been studied almost exclusively in the context of visual tasks. We used multivariate pattern analysis of fMRI data to show that these regions encode tactile stimulus information, rules, and responses. This provides evidence for a domain-general role of the MD network in cognitive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Woolgar
- Perception in Action Research Centre and ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders, Department of Cognitive Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Regine Zopf
- Perception in Action Research Centre and ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders, Department of Cognitive Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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Gating at early cortical processing stages is associated with changes in behavioural performance on a sensory conflict task. Behav Brain Res 2017; 317:179-187. [PMID: 27641325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
While there is evidence to show early enhancement of modality-specific somatosensory cortical event-related potentials (ERP) when two stimuli are task-relevant, less is understood about the cortical and behavioural correlates of early modality-specific sensory gating. This study sought to understand how attentional gating affects cortical processing of visual and tactile stimuli at early stages of modality-specific representation. Specifically, alterations in early somatosensory and visual processing based on attentional relevance were examined, along with the effect of an unattended sensory stimulus on cortical processing and behavioural performance. Electroencephalography (EEG) was collected from healthy participants as they performed a sensory selection task. This task required participants to make a scaled motor response to the amplitudes of visual and tactile stimuli presented individually or concurrently. Results showed that the somatosensory N70 ERP was significantly attenuated when tactile stimuli were unattended. When visual stimuli were unattended, modulation of visual potentials occurred later, at the visual P2 potential. Since unattended tactile stimuli were gated at early cortical processing stages, when they were used as distractors, no changes in cortical responses to target stimuli were observed. Additionally, there was no decrease in task accuracy when grading attended stimuli in the presence of a tactile distractor. However, since early gating was not observed in the visual modality, a visual stimulus used as an unattended distractor resulted in smaller-amplitude cortical responses to attended tactile stimuli and less accurate task performance when grading attended stimuli. In conclusion, this study suggests that early gating of unattended stimuli supports modality-specific cortical processing of target stimuli and maintains behavioural task performance.
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Wiesman AI, Heinrichs-Graham E, Coolidge NM, Gehringer JE, Kurz MJ, Wilson TW. Oscillatory dynamics and functional connectivity during gating of primary somatosensory responses. J Physiol 2016; 595:1365-1375. [PMID: 27779747 DOI: 10.1113/jp273192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Sensory gating is important for preventing excessive environmental stimulation from overloading neural resources. Gating in the human somatosensory cortices is a critically understudied topic, particularly in the lower extremities. We utilize the unique capabilities of magnetoencephalographic neuroimaging to quantify the normative neural population responses and dynamic functional connectivity of somatosensory gating in the lower extremities of healthy human participants. We show that somatosensory processing is subserved by a robust gating effect in the oscillatory domain, as well as a dynamic effect on interhemispheric functional connectivity between primary sensory cortices. These results provide novel insight into the dynamic neural mechanisms that underlie the processing of somatosensory information in the human brain, and will be vital in better understanding the neural responses that are aberrant in gait-related neurological disorders (e.g. cerebral palsy). ABSTRACT Sensory gating (SG) is a phenomenon in which neuronal responses to subsequent similar stimuli are weaker, and is considered to be an important mechanism for preventing excessive environmental stimulation from overloading shared neural resources. Although gating has been demonstrated in multiple sensory systems, the neural dynamics and developmental trajectory underlying SG remain poorly understood. In the present study, we adopt a data-driven approach to map the spectrotemporal amplitude and functional connectivity (FC) dynamics that support gating in the somatosensory system (somato-SG) in healthy children and adolescents using magnetoencephalography (MEG). These data underwent time-frequency decomposition and the significant signal changes were imaged using a beamformer. Voxel time series were then extracted from the peak voxels and these signals were examined in the time and time-frequency domains, and then subjected to dynamic FC analysis. The results obtained indicate a significant decrease in the amplitude of the neural response following the second stimulation relative to the first in the primary somatosensory cortex (SI). A significant decrease in response latency was also found between stimulations, and each stimulation induced a sharp decrease in FC between somatosensory cortical areas. Furthermore, there were no significant correlations between somato-SG metrics and age. We conclude that somato-SG can be observed in SI in both the time and oscillatory domains, with rich dynamics and alterations in inter-hemispheric FC, and that this phenomenon has already matured by early childhood. A better understanding of these dynamics may provide insight to the numerous psychiatric and neurologic conditions that have been associated with aberrant SG across multiple modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex I Wiesman
- Department of Neurological Sciences.,Center for Magnetoencephalography.,Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience
| | | | | | - James E Gehringer
- Center for Magnetoencephalography.,Department of Physical Therapy, Munroe-Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Max J Kurz
- Center for Magnetoencephalography.,Department of Physical Therapy, Munroe-Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Department of Neurological Sciences.,Center for Magnetoencephalography
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Bogost MD, Burgos PI, Little CE, Woollacott MH, Dalton BH. Electrocortical Sources Related to Whole-Body Surface Translations during a Single- and Dual-Task Paradigm. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:524. [PMID: 27803658 PMCID: PMC5067303 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate reactive motor responses are essential in maintaining upright balance. However, little is known regarding the potential location of cortical sources that are related to the onset of a perturbation during single- and dual-task paradigms. The purpose of this study was to estimate the location of cortical sources in response to a whole-body surface translation and whether diverted attention decreases the N1 event-related potential (ERP) amplitude related to a postural perturbation. This study utilized high-resolution electroencephalography in conjunction with measure projection analysis from ERPs time-locked to backwards surface translation onsets to determine which cortical sources were related to whole-body postural perturbations. Subjects (n = 15) either reacted to whole-body surface translations with (dual task) or without (single task) performing a visual working memory task. For the single task, four domains were identified that were mainly localized within the frontal and parietal lobes and included sources from the prefrontal, premotor, primary and supplementary motor, somatosensory and anterior cingulate cortex. Five domains were estimated for the dual task and also included sources within the frontal and parietal lobes, but the sources also shifted to other locations that included areas within the temporal and occipital lobes. Additionally, mean absolute N1 ERP amplitudes representing the activity from similar locations in both tasks were greater for the single than dual task. The present localization results highlight the importance of frontal, parietal and anterior cingulate cortical areas in reactive postural control and suggest a re-allocation or shift of cortical sources related to reactive balance control in the presence of a secondary task. Thus, this study provides novel insight into the underlying neurophysiology and contribution of cortical sources in relation to the neural control of reactive balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Bogost
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Pablo I Burgos
- Department of Kinesiology, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - C Elaine Little
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Brian H Dalton
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon Eugene, OR, USA
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Carey LM, Seitz RJ. Functional Neuroimaging in Stroke Recovery and Neurorehabilitation: Conceptual Issues and Perspectives. Int J Stroke 2016; 2:245-64. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2007.00164.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background In stroke, functional neuroimaging has become a potent diagnostic tool; opened new insights into the pathophysiology of ischaemic damage in the human brain; and made possible the assessment of functional–structural relationships in postlesion recovery. Summary of review Here, we give a critical account on the potential and limitation of functional neuroimaging and discuss concepts related to the use of neuroimaging for exploring the neurobiological and neuroanatomical mechanisms of poststroke recovery and neurorehabilitation. We identify and provide evidence for five hypotheses that functional neuroimaging can provide new insights into: adaptation occurs at the level of functional brain systems; the brain–behaviour relationship varies with recovery and over time; functional neuroimaging can improve our ability to predict recovery and select individuals for rehabilitation; mechanisms of recovery reflect different pathophysiological phases; and brain adaptation may be modulated by experience and specific rehabilitation. The significance and application of this new evidence is discussed, and recommendations made for investigations in the field. Conclusion Functional neuroimaging is an important tool to explore the mechanisms underlying brain plasticity and, thereby, to guide clinical research in neurorehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leeanne M. Carey
- National Stroke Research Institute, Neurosciences Building, Heidelberg Heights, Vic., Australia
- School of Occupational Therapy, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
| | - Rüdiger J. Seitz
- National Stroke Research Institute, Neurosciences Building, Heidelberg Heights, Vic., Australia
- Institute of Advanced Study, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Fong SSM, Guo X, Liu KPY, Ki WY, Louie LHT, Chung RCK, Macfarlane DJ. Task-Specific Balance Training Improves the Sensory Organisation of Balance Control in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20945. [PMID: 26864309 PMCID: PMC4750073 DOI: 10.1038/srep20945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory organisation of balance control is compromised in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). A randomised controlled trial involving 88 children with DCD was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a task-specific balance training (functional-movement training, FMT) programme in improving balance deficits in a DCD population. The DCD participants were randomly assigned to either a FMT group or a control group. The FMT group received two training sessions/ week for 3 months. Measurements of the participants' sensory organisation (somatosensory, vestibular and visual ratios), balance and motor proficiency (Movement Assessment Battery for Children, MABC scores) and center of pressure sway velocity (Unilateral Stance Test, UST scores) were taken at baseline, immediately after FMT and 3 months after FMT. The FMT group showed greater improvements than the controls in somatosensory ratio at 3 and 6 months (all P < 0.001), but the within-group changes were not significant (P > 0.05). The results of both the MABC and the UST also indicated that the balance performance of the FMT group was significantly better than that of the control group at 3 and 6 months (all P < 0.05). Task-specific balance training was found to marginally improve the somatosensory function and somewhat improve the balance performance of children with DCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley S M Fong
- Institute of Human Performance, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - X Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Karen P Y Liu
- School of Science and Health (Occupational Therapy), University of Western Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - W Y Ki
- Institute of Human Performance, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Health, Physical Education and Recreation Department, Emporia State University, USA
| | - Lobo H T Louie
- Department of Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Raymond C K Chung
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Duncan J Macfarlane
- Institute of Human Performance, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Brown MJ, Staines WR. Differential effects of continuous theta burst stimulation over left premotor cortex and right prefrontal cortex on modulating upper limb somatosensory input. Neuroimage 2016; 127:97-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Neural correlates for task-relevant facilitation of visual inputs during visually-guided hand movements. Neuroimage 2015; 121:39-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Bannister LC, Crewther SG, Gavrilescu M, Carey LM. Improvement in Touch Sensation after Stroke is Associated with Resting Functional Connectivity Changes. Front Neurol 2015; 6:165. [PMID: 26284024 PMCID: PMC4521505 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Distributed brain networks are known to be involved in facilitating behavioral improvement after stroke, yet few, if any, studies have investigated the relationship between improved touch sensation after stroke and changes in functional brain connectivity. Objective We aimed to identify how recovery of somatosensory function in the first 6 months after stroke was associated with functional network changes as measured using resting-state connectivity analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. Methods Ten stroke survivors underwent clinical testing and resting-state fMRI scans at 1 and 6 months post-stroke. Ten age-matched healthy participants were included as controls. Results Patients demonstrated a wide range of severity of touch impairment 1 month post-stroke, followed by variable improvement over time. In the stroke group, significantly stronger interhemispheric functional correlations between regions of the somatosensory system, and with visual and frontal areas, were found at 6 months than at 1 month post-stroke. Clinical improvement in touch discrimination was associated with stronger correlations at 6 months between contralesional secondary somatosensory cortex (SII) and inferior parietal cortex and middle temporal gyrus, and between contralesional thalamus and cerebellum. Conclusion The strength of connectivity between somatosensory regions and distributed brain networks, including vision and attention networks, may change over time in stroke survivors with impaired touch discrimination. Connectivity changes from contralesional SII and contralesional thalamus are associated with improved touch sensation at 6 months post-stroke. These functional connectivity changes could represent future targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise C Bannister
- Neurorehabilitation and Recovery, Stroke Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health , Melbourne, VIC , Australia ; School of Psychology and Public Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University , Melbourne, VIC , Australia ; Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | - Sheila G Crewther
- School of Psychology and Public Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | - Maria Gavrilescu
- Neurorehabilitation and Recovery, Stroke Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health , Melbourne, VIC , Australia ; Defence Science and Technology Organisation , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | - Leeanne M Carey
- Neurorehabilitation and Recovery, Stroke Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health , Melbourne, VIC , Australia ; Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University , Melbourne, VIC , Australia ; Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
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