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Parveen S, Maurya N, Meena A, Luqman S. Cinchonine: A Versatile Pharmacological Agent Derived from Natural Cinchona Alkaloids. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:343-363. [PMID: 38031797 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266270796231109171808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cinchonine is one of the Cinchona alkaloids that is commercially extracted from the Peruvian bark of Cinchona officinalis L. (Family: Rubiaceae). It is also obtained in much lower quantities from other species of Cinchona, such as Cinchona calisaya, Cinchona succirubra, and Cinchona pubescens, and in some other plants, such as Remijia peruviana. Cinchonine has been historically used as an anti-malarial agent. It also has a wide range of other biological properties, including anti-cancer, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, anti-parasitic, antimicrobial, anti-platelet aggregation, and anti-osteoclast differentiation. AIM AND OBJECTIVE This review discusses the pharmacological activity of cinchonine under different experimental conditions, including in silico, in vitro, and in vivo. It also covers the compound's physicochemical properties, toxicological aspects, and pharmacokinetics. METHODOLOGY A comprehensive literature search was conducted on multiple online databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The aim was to retrieve a wide range of review/research papers and bibliographic sources. The process involved applying exclusion and inclusion criteria to ensure the selection of relevant and high-quality papers. RESULTS Cinchonine has numerous pharmacological properties, making it a promising compound for various therapeutic applications. It induces anti-cancer activity by activating caspase-3 and PARP-1, and triggers the endoplasmic reticulum stress response. It up-regulates GRP78 and promotes the phosphorylation of PERK and ETIF-2α. Cinchonine also inhibits osteoclastogenesis, inhibiting TAK1 activation and suppressing NFATc1 expression by regulating AP-1 and NF-κB. Its potential anti-inflammatory effects reduce the impact of high-fat diets, making it suitable for targeting obesity-related diseases. However, research on cinchonine is limited, and further studies are needed to fully understand its therapeutic potential. Further investigation is needed to ensure its safety and efficacy in clinical applications. CONCLUSION Overall, this review article explains the pharmacological activity of cinchonine, its synthesis, and physicochemical properties, toxicological aspects, and pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Parveen
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Maurya
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abha Meena
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suaib Luqman
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Agbor GA, Kuiaté JR, Sangiovanni E, Ojo OO. Editorial: The role of medicinal plants and natural products in modulating oxidative stress and inflammatory related disorders, Volume II. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1310291. [PMID: 37964875 PMCID: PMC10641841 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1310291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel A. Agbor
- Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jules-Roger Kuiaté
- Research Unit of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Enrico Sangiovanni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Opeolu O. Ojo
- Research Institute in Healthcare Sciences, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Forensic Science, School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
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Xiao Z, Long J, Zhang J, Qiu Z, Zhang C, Liu H, Liu X, Wang K, Tang Y, Chen L, Lu Z, Zhao G. Administration of protopine prevents mitophagy and acute lung injury in sepsis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1104185. [PMID: 37361224 PMCID: PMC10285494 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1104185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Sepsis is a severe life-threatening infection that induces a series of dysregulated physiologic responses and results in organ dysfunction. Acute lung injury (ALI), the primary cause of respiratory failure brought on by sepsis, does not have a specific therapy. Protopine (PTP) is an alkaloid with antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, the function of PTP in septic ALI has not yet been documented. This work sought to investigate how PTP affected septic ALI and the mechanisms involved in septic lung damage, including inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitophagy. Methods: Here, we established a mouse model induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and a BEAS-2B cell model exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Results: PTP treatment significantly reduced mortality in CLP mice. PTP mitigated lung damage and reduced apoptosis. Western blot analysis showed that PTP dramatically reduced the expression of the apoptosis-associated protein (Cleaved Caspase-3, Cyto C) and increased Bcl-2/Bax. In addition, PTP decreased the production of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α), increased glutathione (GSH) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Meanwhile, PTP significantly reduced the expression of mitophagy-related proteins (PINK1, Parkin, LC-II), and downregulated mitophagy by transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, the cells were consistent with animal experiments. Discussion: PTP intervention reduced inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, restored mitochondrial membrane potential, and downregulated mitophagy. The research shows that PTP prevents excessivemitophagy and ALI in sepsis, suggesting that PTP has a potential role in the therapy of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Xiao
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
- The Key Specialty of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Provincial in the 13th Five-Year Plan Period (Emergency Department), Wenzhou, China
| | - Juan Long
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
- The Key Specialty of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Provincial in the 13th Five-Year Plan Period (Emergency Department), Wenzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
- The Key Specialty of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Provincial in the 13th Five-Year Plan Period (Emergency Department), Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Qiu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
- The Key Specialty of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Provincial in the 13th Five-Year Plan Period (Emergency Department), Wenzhou, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
- The Key Specialty of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Provincial in the 13th Five-Year Plan Period (Emergency Department), Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
- The Key Specialty of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Provincial in the 13th Five-Year Plan Period (Emergency Department), Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
- The Key Specialty of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Provincial in the 13th Five-Year Plan Period (Emergency Department), Wenzhou, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
- The Key Specialty of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Provincial in the 13th Five-Year Plan Period (Emergency Department), Wenzhou, China
| | - Yahui Tang
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
- The Key Specialty of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Provincial in the 13th Five-Year Plan Period (Emergency Department), Wenzhou, China
| | - Longwang Chen
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
- The Key Specialty of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Provincial in the 13th Five-Year Plan Period (Emergency Department), Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhongqiu Lu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
- The Key Specialty of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Provincial in the 13th Five-Year Plan Period (Emergency Department), Wenzhou, China
| | - Guangju Zhao
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, China
- The Key Specialty of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Provincial in the 13th Five-Year Plan Period (Emergency Department), Wenzhou, China
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Li J, Xu Z, OuYang C, Wu X, Xie Y, Xie J. Protopine alleviates lipopolysaccharide-triggered intestinal epithelial cell injury through retarding the NLRP3 and NF-κB signaling pathways to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2022; 50:84-92. [PMID: 36335450 DOI: 10.15586/aei.v50i6.669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common chronic intestinal disease. Protopine isolated from different plants has been investigated to understand its special functions on varied diseases. However, the regulatory effects of protopine on the progression of IBD remain unclear. Our study is aimed to explore the effects of protopine on the progression of IBD and its underlying regulatory mechanism of action. METHODS The cell viability was assessed through MTT colorimetric assay. The protein expressions of genes were examined by Western blot analysis. The cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species level were measured using flow cytometry. The levels of inflammation and oxidative stress-related proteins were tested through enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay. The intracellular Ca2+ concentration and mitochondrial membrane potential were measured through immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS First, different concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were treated with NCM460 cells to establish IBD cell model, and 5-μg/mL LPS was chosen for followed experiments. In this study, we discovered that protopine relieved the LPS-induced inhibited intestinal epithelial cell viability and enhanced cell apoptosis. Moreover, protopine attenuated LPS-stimulated inflammation activation and oxidative stress. Further experiments illustrated that the increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential stimulated by LPS were reversed by protopine treatment. Finally, through Western blot analysis, it was demonstrated that protopine retarded the activated NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways mediated by LPS. CONCLUSION Protopine alleviated LPS-triggered intestinal epithelial cell injury by inhibiting NLRP3 and NF-κB signaling pathways to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress. This discovery may provide a useful drug for treating IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhongjun Xu
- Department of Medical Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China;
| | - Canhui OuYang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiongjian Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yun Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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Zhang J, Feng Y, Han S, Guan X, He Z, Song C, Lv L, Luo Q. Incarvillea compacta Maxim ameliorates inflammatory response via inhibiting PI3K/AKT pathway and NLRP3 activation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1058012. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1058012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Incarvillea compacta Maxim is a traditional Tibetan medicine used to treat inflammation-related diseases, such as pneumonia, fever, jaundice, and otitis media. However, no studies have examined its anti-inflammatory mechanism. To validate the anti-inflammatory activity of I. compacta extract (ICE) and its protective effect on acute alcoholic gastritis, Phytochemicals of I. compacta were identified using Ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages were used in vitro along with an in vivo a mouse acute gastritis model. Pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines were measured using the Griess reagent and Cytometric bead array (CBA) assay. Furthermore, inflammation-related molecules were analysed by Western blotting, RNA-Seq, and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The experimental results revealed that ICE decreased the nitric oxide (NO), IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-α levels in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, and downregulated the expression and phosphorylation of PDK1, AKT, and GSK3β. Moreover, ICE also downregulated the activation of NLRP3. The RNA-Seq analysis revealed that 340 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) response to ICE treatment was enriched in several inflammation-related biological processes. The results of the in vivo mouse acute gastritis model showed that ICE significantly reduced inflammatory lesions in the gastric mucosa and remarkably downregulated the expression of iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 mRNA in gastric tissue. Therefore, the results of this study obtained scientific evidence supporting the use of I. compacta.
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Dong Z, Tang SS, Ma XL, Tan B, Tang ZS, Li CH, Yang ZH, Zeng JG. Acute, chronic, and genotoxic studies on the protopine total alkaloids of the Macleaya cordata (willd.) R. Br. in rodents. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:987800. [PMID: 36249819 PMCID: PMC9554591 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.987800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The protopine alkaloids are widely distributed within the opium poppy family and have a wide range of pharmacological effects. MPTA is a product of the protopine total alkaloids extracted from the Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R. Br. Previously, we reported good anti-inflammatory activity of MPTA as well as oral acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies in rats. In order to perform a systematic toxicological safety assessment of MPTA, oral acute toxicity, genotoxicity (bone marrow cell chromosome aberration test, sperm abnormality test, bone marrow cell micronucleus test, and rat teratogenicity test), and chronic toxicity in mice were performed in this study. In the oral acute toxicity test, the LD50 in ICR mice was 481.99 mg/kg, with 95% confidence limits ranging from 404.27 to 574.70 mg/kg. All three mutagenicity tests tested negative in the range of 60.25–241.00 mg/kg. The results of the teratogenicity test in rats showed no reproductive or embryonic developmental toxicity at only 7.53 mg/kg, which can be considered as a no observed effect level (NOEL) for the teratogenicity test. Therefore, MPTA is safe for use at the doses tested, but attention should be paid to the potential risk to pregnant animals and the safety evaluation and toxicity mechanisms in target animals should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine in Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Shu-sheng Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-lan Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Bin Tan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine in Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhao-shan Tang
- Hunan MICOLTA Biological Resources Co.,Ltd, Changsha, China
| | - Chang-hong Li
- Hunan MICOLTA Biological Resources Co.,Ltd, Changsha, China
| | - Zi-hui Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine in Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zi-hui Yang, ; Jian-guo Zeng,
| | - Jian-guo Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine in Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zi-hui Yang, ; Jian-guo Zeng,
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Parvin MS, Hrubša M, Fadraersada J, Carazo A, Karlíčková J, Cahlíková L, Chlebek J, Macáková K, Mladěnka P. Can Isoquinoline Alkaloids Affect Platelet Aggregation in Whole Human Blood? Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14070491. [PMID: 35878229 PMCID: PMC9324755 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoquinoline alkaloids have multiple biological activities, which might be associated with positive pharmacological effects as well as negative adverse reactions. As bleeding was suggested to be a side effect of the isoquinoline alkaloid berberine, we decided to ascertain if different isoquinoline alkaloids could influence hemocoagulation through the inhibition of either platelet aggregation or blood coagulation. Initially, a total of 14 compounds were screened for antiplatelet activity in whole human blood by impedance aggregometry. Eight of them demonstrated an antiplatelet effect against arachidonic acid-induced aggregation. Papaverine and bulbocapnine were the most potent compounds with biologically relevant IC50 values of 26.9 ± 12.2 μM and 30.7 ± 5.4 μM, respectively. Further testing with the same approach confirmed their antiplatelet effects by employing the most physiologically relevant inducer of platelet aggregation, collagen, and demonstrated that bulbocapnine acted at the level of thromboxane receptors. None of the alkaloids tested had an effect on blood coagulation measured by a mechanical coagulometer. In conclusion, the observed antiplatelet effects of isoquinoline alkaloids were found mostly at quite high concentrations, which means that their clinical impact is most likely low. Bulbocapnine was an exception. It proved to be a promising antiplatelet molecule, which may have biologically relevant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst Shamima Parvin
- The Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.S.P.); (J.K.); (L.C.); (J.C.); (K.M.)
| | - Marcel Hrubša
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (J.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Jaka Fadraersada
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (J.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Alejandro Carazo
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (J.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Jana Karlíčková
- The Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.S.P.); (J.K.); (L.C.); (J.C.); (K.M.)
| | - Lucie Cahlíková
- The Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.S.P.); (J.K.); (L.C.); (J.C.); (K.M.)
| | - Jakub Chlebek
- The Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.S.P.); (J.K.); (L.C.); (J.C.); (K.M.)
| | - Kateřina Macáková
- The Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.S.P.); (J.K.); (L.C.); (J.C.); (K.M.)
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (J.F.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-495-067-295
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Huang W, Kong L, Cao Y, Yan L. Identification and Quantification, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacological Activities, and Botanical Preparations of Protopine: A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 27:molecules27010215. [PMID: 35011447 PMCID: PMC8746401 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Through pharmacological activity research, an increasing number of natural products and their derivatives are being recognized for their therapeutic value. In recent years, studies have been conducted on Corydalis yanhusuo W.T. Wang, a valuable medicinal herb listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Protopine, one of its components, has also become a research hotspot. To illustrate the identification, metabolism, and broad pharmacological activity of protopine and the botanical preparations containing it for further scientific studies and clinical applications, an in-depth and detailed review of protopine is required. We collected data on the identification and quantification, metabolism and pharmacokinetics, pharmacological activities, and botanical preparations of protopine from 1986 to 2021 from the PubMed database using “protopine” as a keyword. It has been shown that protopine as an active ingredient of many botanical preparations can be rapidly screened and quantified by a large number of methods (such as the LC-ESI-MS/MS and the TLC/GC-MS), and the possible metabolic pathways of protopine in vivo have been proposed. In addition, protopine possesses a wide range of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet aggregation, anti-cancer, analgesic, vasodilatory, anticholinesterase, anti-addictive, anticonvulsant, antipathogenic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and cytotoxic and anti-proliferative activities. In this paper, the identification and quantification, metabolism and pharmacokinetics, pharmacological activities, and botanical preparations of protopine are reviewed in detail to lay a foundation for further scientific research and clinical applications of protopine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangli Huang
- Department of Spine, Honghui-Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China; (W.H.); (L.K.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China
| | - Lingbo Kong
- Department of Spine, Honghui-Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China; (W.H.); (L.K.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Spine, Honghui-Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China; (W.H.); (L.K.); (Y.C.)
| | - Liang Yan
- Department of Spine, Honghui-Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China; (W.H.); (L.K.); (Y.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Furquim Dos Santos Cardoso V, Amaral Roppa RH, Antunes C, Silva Moraes AN, Santi L, Konrath EL. Efficacy of medicinal plant extracts as dental and periodontal antibiofilm agents: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114541. [PMID: 34416298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The presence of biofilm in oral cavity is associated with dental plaque and related diseases, including gingivitis, periodontitis and inflammatory responses. Some medicinal plants traditionally used for biofilm-associated pathologies such as Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, Punica granatum L. and Lippia sidoides Cham. are currently incorporated into dosage forms as antiplaque agents. AIMS OF THE STUDY To present the current application of medicinal plant extracts associated in drug dosages to control microbial biofilms, with emphasis on those present in the oral cavity, especially to treat dental plaque. MATERIALS AND METHODS A PRISMA-compliant systematic search was conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases. After the abstract and full-text analysis, the Cochrane Collaboration's tools for clinical studies was applied to assess the methodological quality of randomized clinical trials. RESULTS Of 964 potentially eligible studies, 47 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. Camellia sinensis was the most commonly used species (8 studies), with positive results in reducing both the PI and GI in the form of mouthwash, toothpaste and gel. The Melaleuca alternifolia oil (5 studies) demonstrated low reduction in PI but important effects on GI scores. Azadirachta indica (4 studies) extracts presented efficacy similar to CHX to improve the periodontal parameters, including PI and GI. Ricinus communis oil (3 studies), despite reducing microbiological counts and GI, did not prove to be better than the hypochlorite solution, used as an alternative treatment for dentures. The main bioactive compounds described for the plant species are polyphenols, essential oils and alkaloids, most of them with identified antibiofilm activities. CONCLUSIONS These active species could lead to future development of safer and newer treatments for oral biofilm-associated infections. However, more studies are needed to further understand the clinical relevance of their application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo Haack Amaral Roppa
- Departamento de Produção de Matéria-Prima, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carolina Antunes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Amanda Naiara Silva Moraes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Santi
- Departamento de Produção de Matéria-Prima, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Luis Konrath
- Departamento de Produção de Matéria-Prima, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Diversity in Chemical Structures and Biological Properties of Plant Alkaloids. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113374. [PMID: 34204857 PMCID: PMC8199754 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals belonging to the group of alkaloids are signature specialized metabolites endowed with countless biological activities. Plants are armored with these naturally produced nitrogenous compounds to combat numerous challenging environmental stress conditions. Traditional and modern healthcare systems have harnessed the potential of these organic compounds for the treatment of many ailments. Various chemical entities (functional groups) attached to the central moiety are responsible for their diverse range of biological properties. The development of the characterization of these plant metabolites and the enzymes involved in their biosynthesis is of an utmost priority to deliver enhanced advantages in terms of biological properties and productivity. Further, the incorporation of whole/partial metabolic pathways in the heterologous system and/or the overexpression of biosynthetic steps in homologous systems have both become alternative and lucrative methods over chemical synthesis in recent times. Moreover, in-depth research on alkaloid biosynthetic pathways has revealed numerous chemical modifications that occur during alkaloidal conversions. These chemical reactions involve glycosylation, acylation, reduction, oxidation, and methylation steps, and they are usually responsible for conferring the biological activities possessed by alkaloids. In this review, we aim to discuss the alkaloidal group of plant specialized metabolites and their brief classification covering major categories. We also emphasize the diversity in the basic structures of plant alkaloids arising through enzymatically catalyzed structural modifications in certain plant species, as well as their emerging diverse biological activities. The role of alkaloids in plant defense and their mechanisms of action are also briefly discussed. Moreover, the commercial utilization of plant alkaloids in the marketplace displaying various applications has been enumerated.
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Yuan HL, Zhao YL, Qin XJ, Liu YP, Yang XW, Luo XD. Diverse isoquinolines with anti-inflammatory and analgesic bioactivities from Hypecoum erectum. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 270:113811. [PMID: 33444717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hypecoum erectum has been used extensively in folk medicine to treat inflammation, fever, and pain. However, few investigations have been carried out on the biological activities related to its traditional use. The chemical constituents of this plant along with their anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects have yet to be revealed. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to support the traditional use of H. erectum by first assessing its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects and then investigating its chemical constituents to identify any anti-inflammatory and/or analgesic compounds. MATERIAL AND METHODS The in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the MeOH extract (ME), total alkaloid (AL), and non-alkaloid (Non-AL) fractions of H. erectum at doses of 200, 100, and 50 mg/kg and four major constituents (20, 21, 22, and 27) at doses of 100 and 50 mg/kg delivered via intragastrical administration were evaluated using carrageenan-induced paw edema and acetic acid-stimulated writhing animal models. A phytochemical study of the bioactive (AL) fraction was conducted using various chromatographic techniques, and the structures of the obtained isoquinolines were identified by multiple spectroscopic analyses and quantum chemical computations. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory activities of all the isolates were assessed in vitro based on the suppression of lipopolysaccharide-activated inflammatory mediators (COX-2, IL-1β, and TNF-α) in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. RESULTS At the dose of 200 mg/kg, the three fractions (ME, AL, and Non-AL) of H. erectum ameliorated the paw edema by carrageenan-stimulated and reduced the number of writhing by acetic acid-induced in mice compared to the model group, with the AL fraction showing the most potent effects. Subsequent phytochemical investigation of the AL fraction led to the isolation of six new isoquinoline alkaloids (1-6) as well as 23 known analogues (7-29). However, compared to common isoquinolines, compounds 1-4 possess an additional nitrogen atom, while compound 5 has two additional nitrogen atoms. These additional atoms enrich the diversity of natural isoquinoline alkaloids. Further pharmacological evaluation in vivo revealed that the four major constituents (20, 21, 22, and 27) significantly relieved paw edema at 100 mg/kg, while protopine (20) and oxyhydrastinin (27) remarkably decreased the number of writhing at 100 mg/kg. In addition, most of the isolates displayed anti-inflammatory effects, as indicated by the inhibition of inflammatory mediators (COX-2, IL-1β, and/or TNF-α) in vitro at a treatment concentration of 5 μg/mL. trans-benzindenoazepines (13), protopine (20), and 1,3,6,6-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahyboisoquiolin-8-one (25) showed comparable anti-inflammatory activity to dexamethasone by inhibiting the secretion of IL-1β. CONCLUSIONS This investigation validated the traditional use of H. erectum by assessing its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Phytochemical investigation revealed the diversity and novelty of the natural isoquinoline alkaloids in H. erectum. Four major isoquinolines were identified as the bioactive constituents of H. erectum. The findings provide scientific justification to support the traditional application of H. erectum for treating inflammatory and pain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Lian Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincical Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, PR China
| | - Yun-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincical Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Xu-Jie Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, PR China
| | - Ya-Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, PR China.
| | - Xing-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincical Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, PR China.
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12
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Jansen C, Baker JD, Kodaira E, Ang L, Bacani AJ, Aldan JT, Shimoda LMN, Salameh M, Small-Howard AL, Stokes AJ, Turner H, Adra CN. Medicine in motion: Opportunities, challenges and data analytics-based solutions for traditional medicine integration into western medical practice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113477. [PMID: 33098971 PMCID: PMC7577282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional pharmacopeias have been developed by multiple cultures and evaluated for efficacy and safety through both historical/empirical iteration and more recently through controlled studies using Western scientific paradigms and an increasing emphasis on data science methodologies for network pharmacology. Traditional medicines represent likely sources of relatively inexpensive drugs for symptomatic management as well as potential libraries of new therapeutic approaches. Leveraging this potential requires hard evidence for efficacy that separates science from pseudoscience. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a review of non-Western medical systems and developed case studies that illustrate the epistemological and practical translative barriers that hamper their transition to integration with Western approaches. We developed a new data analytics approach, in silico convergence analysis, to deconvolve modes of action, and potentially predict desirable components of TM-derived formulations based on computational consensus analysis across cultures and medical systems. RESULTS Abstraction, simplification and altered dose and delivery modalities were identified as factors that influence actual and perceived efficacy once a medicine is moved from a non-Western to Western setting. Case studies on these factors highlighted issues with translation between non-Western and Western epistemologies, including those where epistemological and medicinal systems drive markets that can be epicenters for zoonoses such as the novel Coronavirus. The proposed novel data science approach demonstrated the ability to identify and predict desirable medicinal components for a test indication, pain. CONCLUSIONS Relegation of traditional therapies to the relatively unregulated nutraceutical industry may lead healthcare providers and patients to underestimate the therapeutic potential of these medicines. We suggest three areas of emphasis for this field: First, vertical integration and embedding of traditional medicines into healthcare systems would subject them to appropriate regulation and evidence-based practice, as viable integrative implementation mode. Second, we offer a new Bradford-Hill-like framework for setting research priorities and evaluating efficacy, with the goal of rescuing potentially valuable therapies from the nutraceutical market and discrediting those that are pseudoscience. Third, data analytics pipelines offer new capacity to generate new types of TMS-inspired medicines that are rationally-designed based on integrated knowledge across cultures, and also provide an evaluative framework against which to test claims of fidelity and efficacy to TMS made for nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jansen
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA.
| | - J D Baker
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA.
| | - E Kodaira
- Medicinal Plant Garden, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, 252-0373, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - L Ang
- Undergraduate Program in Biology, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA.
| | - A J Bacani
- Undergraduate Program in Biology, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA.
| | - J T Aldan
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA; Graduate Program in Public Health, Eastern Washington University, Spokane, WA, USA.
| | - L M N Shimoda
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA.
| | - M Salameh
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA.
| | | | - A J Stokes
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA; Hawai'i Data Science Institute, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA; The Adra Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - H Turner
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA; The Adra Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - C N Adra
- The Adra Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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13
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Garcia-Gil M, Turri B, Gabriele M, Pucci L, Agnarelli A, Lai M, Freer G, Pistello M, Vignali R, Batistoni R, Marracci S. Protopine/Gemcitabine Combination Induces Cytotoxic or Cytoprotective Effects in Cell Type-Specific and Dose-Dependent Manner on Human Cancer and Normal Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14020090. [PMID: 33530428 PMCID: PMC7912662 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural alkaloid protopine (PRO) exhibits pharmacological properties including anticancer activity. We investigated the effects of PRO, alone and in combination with the chemotherapeutic gemcitabine (GEM), on human tumor cell lines and non-tumor human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). We found that treatments with different PRO/GEM combinations were cytotoxic or cytoprotective, depending on concentration and cell type. PRO/GEM decreased viability in pancreatic cancer MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 cells, while it rescued the GEM-induced viability decline in HDFs and in tumor MCF-7 cells. Moreover, PRO/GEM decreased G1, S and G2/M phases, concomitantly with an increase of subG1 phase in MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 cells. Differently, PRO/GEM restored the normal progression of the cell cycle, altered by GEM, and decreased cell death in HDFs. PRO alone increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in MIA PaCa-2, PANC-1 cells and HDFs, while PRO/GEM increased both intracellular and mitochondrial ROS in the three cell lines. These results indicate that specific combinations of PRO/GEM may be used to induce cytotoxic effects in pancreatic tumor MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 cells, but have cytoprotective or no effects in HDFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Garcia-Gil
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.-G.); (B.T.); (A.A.); (R.V.); (R.B.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Benedetta Turri
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.-G.); (B.T.); (A.A.); (R.V.); (R.B.)
| | - Morena Gabriele
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Laura Pucci
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Alessandro Agnarelli
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.-G.); (B.T.); (A.A.); (R.V.); (R.B.)
| | - Michele Lai
- Retrovirus Centre, Department of Translational Medicine and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (M.L.); (G.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Giulia Freer
- Retrovirus Centre, Department of Translational Medicine and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (M.L.); (G.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Mauro Pistello
- Retrovirus Centre, Department of Translational Medicine and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (M.L.); (G.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Robert Vignali
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.-G.); (B.T.); (A.A.); (R.V.); (R.B.)
| | - Renata Batistoni
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.-G.); (B.T.); (A.A.); (R.V.); (R.B.)
- Istituto Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Marracci
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.-G.); (B.T.); (A.A.); (R.V.); (R.B.)
- Istituto Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali, 50121 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence:
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14
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Yarahmadzehi S, Fanaei H, Mirshekar MA, Atashpanjeh AR. Opium consumption exerts protective effect against cerebral ischemia through reducing inflammation and enhancing antioxidant defense in male rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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15
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Zielińska S, Dziągwa-Becker M, Piątczak E, Jezierska-Domaradzka A, Brożyna M, Junka A, Kucharski M, Çiçek SS, Zidorn C, Matkowski A. Phytochemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Corydalis solida and Pseudofumaria lutea. Molecules 2020; 25:E3591. [PMID: 32784618 PMCID: PMC7464254 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Corydalis and Pseudofumaria are two closely related genera from the Papaveraceae subfamily Fumarioideae with Corydalis solida (C. solida) and Pseudofumaria lutea (P. lutea) as two representative species. Phytochemical analysis revealed significant differences in the quality and quantity of isoquinoline alkaloids, phenolic compounds and non-phenolic carboxylic acids between aerial and underground parts of both species. Using the Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) technique, 21 compounds were identified: five protoberberine derivatives, three protopine derivatives, four phenanthridine derivatives, as well as three carboxylic acids, two hydroxycinnamic acids, one chlorogenic acid, one phenolic aldehyde, and two flavonoids. Moroever, significant differences in the content of individual compounds were observed between the two studied species. The phytochemical profile of C. solida showed a higher variety of compounds that were present in lower amounts, whereas P. lutea extracts contained fewer compounds but in larger quantities. Protopine was one of the most abundant constituents in C. solida (440-1125 µg/g d.w.) and in P. lutea (1036-1934 µg/g d.w.). Moreover, considerable amounts of coptisine (1526 µg/g) and quercetin (3247 µg/g) were detected in the aerial parts of P. lutea. Extracts from aerial and underground parts of both species were also examined for the antimicrobial potential against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans. P. lutea herb extract was the most effective (MIC at 0.39 mg/L) against all three pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Zielińska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland; (A.J.-D.); (A.M.)
| | - Magdalena Dziągwa-Becker
- Department of Weed Science and Tillage Systems, Institute of Soil Science and Plant, Cultivation State Research Institute, Orzechowa 61, 50-540 Wrocław, Poland; (M.D.-B.); (M.K.)
| | - Ewelina Piątczak
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Łódź, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Anna Jezierska-Domaradzka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland; (A.J.-D.); (A.M.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Cultivation, Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Wroclaw Medical University, Al. Jana Kochanowskiego 14, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Malwina Brożyna
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.B.); (A.J.)
| | - Adam Junka
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.B.); (A.J.)
| | - Mariusz Kucharski
- Department of Weed Science and Tillage Systems, Institute of Soil Science and Plant, Cultivation State Research Institute, Orzechowa 61, 50-540 Wrocław, Poland; (M.D.-B.); (M.K.)
| | - Serhat Sezai Çiçek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Kiel University, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (S.S.Ç.); (C.Z.)
| | - Christian Zidorn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Kiel University, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (S.S.Ç.); (C.Z.)
| | - Adam Matkowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland; (A.J.-D.); (A.M.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Cultivation, Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Wroclaw Medical University, Al. Jana Kochanowskiego 14, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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Ahmad A, Amir M, Alshadidi AA, Hussain MD, Haq A, Kazi M. Central composite design expert-supported development and validation of HPTLC method: Relevance in quantitative evaluation of protopine in Fumaria indica. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:487-494. [PMID: 32273809 PMCID: PMC7132833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was executed for method development, validation and to estimate the concentration of protopine in methanolic extract of Fumaria indica by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Isolation of bioactive compounds was carried out using the mobile phase, toluene:ethyl acetate:diethyl amine (8:2.5:0.5 v/v/v), and detected at wavelength 290 nm. This method was validated for precision, specificity, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), etc. The calibration range was found to be 500-5000 ng/spot for the bioactive compound. Protopine was separated with an Rf value of 0.22 ± 0.03. The method was validated for linearity (r2 ≥ 0.996 ± 0.082), accuracy 98.75-102.12%), and RSD of precision (0.49-2.07) with a calibration curve range of 500.00-5000.00 ng/spot. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 83.92 ng/spot and 254.30 ng/spot., respectively. The Central Composite design expert was applied for the validation of robustness. Three independent variables such as the volume of toluene in solvent system, chamber saturation time and wavelength were investigated. The results indicated that a slight change in these variables had no significant effect on the peak response. This developed HPTLC method is simple, precise, robust, specific, rapid, and cost effective. It could be used for quality control study and quantification of protopine in the plant extract and different herbal formulations containing the plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Amir
- Department of Natural Product & Alternative Medicines, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 1982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Alshadidi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Delwar Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, California Health Science University, Clovis, CA 93612, USA
| | - Anzarul Haq
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsin Kazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Kang MS, Hyun KY. Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Nypa fruticans Wurmb by Suppressing TRPV1 in the Sciatic Neuropathies. Nutrients 2020; 12:E135. [PMID: 31947713 PMCID: PMC7019541 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is generally characterized by sensory abnormalities such as sensory disorders, hyperalgesia, and allodynia. Recent studies have reported that TRPV1 activation is essential for establishing of inflammation in the neuropathy pain models, showing that the expression of this receptor is increased, and contributing to enhanced thermal sensitivity. Nypa fruticans Wurmb (NF), which was used as a folk remedy, is a plant that is gaining attention due to its various effects. In this study, we investigated the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of NFE (Nypa fruticans Wurmb extracts) by controlling the neurological function of TRPV1. In sciatic crush injury rat models, a significant level of antinociceptive effect was observed in the thermal hyperalgesia test in which NF extracts (NFE 500 mg/kg) were orally administered, daily. Protein quantification of the sciatic nerve and the of the L4-L6 spinal cord showed a decrease of the TRPV1 expression, the inflammatory expression factor, COX2, and proinflammatory factors in the NFE treated groups. Our results indicate that NFE affects antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory by controlling TRPV1 in sciatic neuropathic pain models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-sun Kang
- Department of Rehabilitation medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
| | - Kyung-Yae Hyun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
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18
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Protopine attenuates inflammation stimulated by carrageenan and LPS via the MAPK/NF-κB pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 131:110583. [PMID: 31220533 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of protopine (PTP) and sought to determine its mechanism of action in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells and a carrageenan (CA)-induced mouse model. Treatment with PTP (5, 10, and 20 μM) significantly suppresses the secretion of NO and PGE2 in a concentration-dependent manner without affecting cell viability by downregulating iNOS and COX-2 expression in LPS-induced BV2 cells. PTP also attenuates the production of pro-inflammatory chemokines, such as MCP-1, and cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, and augments the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. In addition, PTP suppresses the nuclear translocation of NF-κB by hindering the degradation of IκB and downregulating the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including p38, ERK1/2 and JNK protein. Furthermore, PTP treatment significantly suppresses CA-induced paw oedema in mice compared to that seen in untreated mice. Expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins is also abrogated by PTP (50 mg/kg) treatment in CA-induced mice. PTP treatment also abolishes IκB phosphorylation, which hinders the activation of NF-κB. Collectively, these results suggest PTP has potential for attenuating CA- and LPS-induced inflammatory symptoms through modulation of MAPKs/NF-κB signaling cascades.
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Son Y, An Y, Jung J, Shin S, Park I, Gwak J, Ju BG, Chung YH, Na M, Oh S. Protopine isolated from Nandina domestica induces apoptosis and autophagy in colon cancer cells by stabilizing p53. Phytother Res 2019; 33:1689-1696. [PMID: 30932278 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 plays essential roles in cellular protection mechanisms against a variety of stress stimuli and its activation induces apoptosis or autophagy in certain cancer cells. Here, we identified protopine, an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Nandina domestica, as an activator of the p53 pathway from cell-based natural compound screening based on p53-responsive transcription. Protopine increased the p53-mediated transcriptional activity and promoted p53 phosphorylation at the Ser15 residue, resulting in stabilization of p53 protein. Moreover, protopine up-regulated the expression of p21WAF1/CIP1 and BAX, downstream genes of p53, and inhibited the proliferation of HCT116 colon cancer cells. Apoptosis was elicited by protopine as indicated by caspase-3/7 activation, poly ADP ribose polymerase cleavage, and increased population of Annexin V-FITC-positive cells. Furthermore, protopine induced the formation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) puncta and LC3-II turnover, typical biochemical markers of autophagy, in HCT116 cells. Our findings suggest that protopine exerts its antiproliferative activity by stimulating the p53 pathway and may have potential as a chemopreventive agent for human colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younglim Son
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Program, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Younju An
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Program, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyeon Jung
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Program, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sora Shin
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Program, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - InWha Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungsug Gwak
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Gun Ju
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- BK21+, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - MinKyun Na
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangtaek Oh
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Program, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lima JA, Hamerski L. Alkaloids as Potential Multi-Target Drugs to Treat Alzheimer's Disease. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64183-0.00008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Huang Q, Chen J, Zhang W, Zhou B, Zhang C, Gerwick WH, Cao Z. Alkaloids from Corydalis decumbens suppress neuronal excitability in primary cultures of mouse neocortical neurons. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 150:85-92. [PMID: 29571149 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Eight previously undescribed alkaloids, named corydemine, dihydrocorydemine, corydedine, 8,13-dioxo-14-hydroxytetrahydropalmatine, egenine-α-N-oxide, egenine-β-N-oxide, 7'-O-ethylegenine-α-N-oxide, and 7'-O-ethylegenine-β-N-oxide, together with three known ones, muramine, l-tetrahydropalmatine, and (+)-egenine, were isolated from the bulbs of Corydalis decumbens. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis and chemical correlation. The isolated compounds were tested for their ability to modulate neuronal excitability in primary cultured neocortical neurons. Four of the compounds, corydemine, dihydrocorydemine, muramine, and l-tetrahydropalmatine, inhibited neuronal excitability with IC50 values of 3.6, 16.7, 13.5 and 14.0 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Huang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Triditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Triditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Wanjin Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Triditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Baoping Zhou
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Triditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Triditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
| | - William H Gerwick
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Zhengyu Cao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Triditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
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Biotransformation and tissue distribution of protopine and allocryptopine and effects of Plume Poppy Total Alkaloid on liver drug-metabolizing enzymes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:537. [PMID: 29323165 PMCID: PMC5765031 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18816-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the biotransformation in the plasma, urine and feces of rats following oral administration of protopine (PRO) and allocryptopine (ALL)were explored using HPLC-QqTOF MS. An HPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of tissues was developed and applied to the tissue distribution study in rats following intragastric administration of Plume Poppy Total Alkaloid for 3 weeks. A total of ten PRO metabolites and ten ALL metabolites were characterized in rats in vivo. Among these metabolites, six PRO metabolites and five ALL metabolites were reported for the first time. The predicated metabolic pathways including ring cleavage, demethylation following ring cleavage, and glucuronidation were proposed. The low-concentration residue of PRO and ALL in various tissues was detected at 24 h and 48 h after dosing, which indicated that both compounds could be widely distributed in tissues and exist as low levels of residue. The activities of erythromycin N-demethylase, aminopyrine N-demethylase and NAD (P)H quinone oxidoreductase in female rats can be induced post-dose, but these activities were inhibited in male rats. The proposed biotransformation and residues of PRO and ALL and their effects on enzymes may provide a basis for clarifying the metabolism and interpreting pharmacokinetics.
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UPLC-MS/MS Profile of Alkaloids with Cytotoxic Properties of Selected Medicinal Plants of the Berberidaceae and Papaveraceae Families. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:9369872. [PMID: 28951771 PMCID: PMC5603144 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9369872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most occurring diseases in developed and developing countries. Plant-based compounds are still researched for their anticancer activity and for their quantity in plants. Therefore, the modern chromatographic methods are applied to quantify them in plants, for example, UPLC-MS/MS (ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the content of sanguinarine, berberine, protopine, and chelidonine in Dicentra spectabilis (L.) Lem., Fumaria officinalis L., Glaucium flavum Crantz, Corydalis cava L., Berberis thunbergii DC., Meconopsis cambrica (L.) Vig., Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt., Macleaya cordata Willd., and Chelidonium majus L. For the first time, N,N-dimethyl-hernovine was identified in M. cambrica, B. thunbergii, M. aquifolium, C. cava, G. flavum, and C. majus; methyl-hernovine was identified in G. flavum; columbamine was identified in B. thunbergii; and methyl-corypalmine, chelidonine, and sanguinarine were identified in F. officinalis L. The richest source of protopine among all the examined species was M. cordata (5463.64 ± 26.3 μg/g). The highest amounts of chelidonine and sanguinarine were found in C. majus (51,040.0 ± 1.8 μg/g and 7925.8 ± 3.3 μg/g, resp.), while B. thunbergi contained the highest amount of berberine (6358.4 ± 4.2 μg/g).
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Rapid determination of alkaloids in Macleaya cordata using ionic liquid extraction followed by multiple reaction monitoring UPLC–MS/MS analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 135:61-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Wangchuk P, Sastraruji T, Taweechotipatr M, Keller PA, Pyne SG. Anti-inflammatory, Anti-bacterial and Anti-acetylcholinesterase Activities of two Isoquinoline Alkaloids–Scoulerine and Cheilanthifoline. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601101207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Corydalis plants containing isoquinoline alkaloids are reported to possess promising pharmacological properties for the treatment of important diseases including cancer, inflammation, Alzheimer's disease and microbial infections. As part of a wider program investigating Bhutanese medicinal plants, we have previously identified eight isoquinoline alkaloids from C. dubia. Out of these, we report here on two of the major alkaloids, scoulerine (1) and cheilanthifoline (2) and their inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase (anti-AChE), tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti TNF-α) and a bacterial strain, Helicobacter pylori. Both alkaloids showed weak anti TNF-α and antibacterial activities. However, the anti-AChE activity of scoulerine (1) was promising as it significantly inhibited AChE with a minimum inhibitory requirement (MIR) value of 0.0015 nmol, which was two-fold better than the reference drug, galanthamine (MIR value of 0.003 nmol). As there are limited anti-Alzheimer's chemotherapeutics, scoulerine (1) is worthy of further exploration, including lead optimization, structure-activity-relationship studies, analog development, pharmacodynamics and in vivo animal studies
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Affiliation(s)
- Phurpa Wangchuk
- Center for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Thanapat Sastraruji
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Malai Taweechotipatr
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Paul A Keller
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Stephen G Pyne
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
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Imam-Fulani AO, Bamikole OK, Owoyele BV. Effects of Caffeine Administration on Brain Sodium-Potassium ATPase Activity in Healthy and Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Female Wistar Rats. JOURNAL OF CAFFEINE RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1089/jcr.2015.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Sanguinaria canadensis: Traditional Medicine, Phytochemical Composition, Biological Activities and Current Uses. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091414. [PMID: 27618894 PMCID: PMC5037693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sanguinaria canadensis, also known as bloodroot, is a traditional medicine used by Native Americans to treat a diverse range of clinical conditions. The plants rhizome contains several alkaloids that individually target multiple molecular processes. These bioactive compounds, mechanistically correlate with the plant’s history of ethnobotanical use. Despite their identification over 50 years ago, the alkaloids of S. canadensis have not been developed into successful therapeutic agents. Instead, they have been associated with clinical toxicities ranging from mouthwash induced leukoplakia to cancer salve necrosis and treatment failure. This review explores the historical use of S. canadensis, the molecular actions of the benzophenanthridine and protopin alkaloids it contains, and explores natural alkaloid variation as a possible rationale for the inconsistent efficacy and toxicities encountered by S.canadensis therapies. Current veterinary and medicinal uses of the plant are studied with an assessment of obstacles to the pharmaceutical development of S. canadensis alkaloid based therapeutics.
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Huang YJ, Xiao S, Sun ZL, Zeng JG, Liu YS, Liu ZY. Identification of allocryptopine and protopine metabolites in rat liver S9 by high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:1549-1559. [PMID: 27321842 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Allocryptopine (AL) and protopine (PR) have been extensively studied because of their anti-parasitic, anti-arrhythmic, anti-thrombotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial activity. However, limited information on the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of AL and PR has been reported. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the in vitro metabolism of AL and PR in rat liver S9 using a rapid and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC/QqTOFMS) method. METHODS The incubation mixture was processed with 15% trichloroacetic acid (TCA). Multiple scans of AL and PR metabolites and accurate mass measurements were automatically performed simultaneously through data-dependent acquisition in only a 30-min analysis. The structural elucidations of these metabolites were performed by comparing their changes in accurate molecular masses and product ions with those of the precursor ion or metabolite. RESULTS Eight and five metabolites of AL and PR were identified in rat liver S9, respectively. Among these metabolites, seven and two metabolites of AL and PR were identified in the first time, respectively. The demethylenation of the 2,3-methylenedioxy, the demethylation of the 9,10-vicinal methoxyl group and the 2,3-methylenedioxy group were the main metabolic pathways of AL and PR in liver S9, respectively. In addition, the cleavage of the methylenedioxy group of the drugs and subsequent methylation or O-demethylation were also the common metabolic pathways of drugs in liver S9. In addition, the hydroxylation reaction was also the metabolic pathway of AL. CONCLUSIONS This was the first investigation of in vitro metabolism of AL and PR in rat liver S9. The detailed structural elucidations of AL and PR metabolites were performed using a rapid and accurate HPLC/QqTOFMS method. The metabolic pathways of AL and PR in rat were tentatively proposed based on these characterized metabolites and early reports. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jun Huang
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Drug, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Sa Xiao
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Drug, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Sun
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Drug, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Jian-Guo Zeng
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Yi-Song Liu
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Zhao-Ying Liu
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Drug, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
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Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of extracts from herb of Chelidonium majus L. Cent Eur J Immunol 2016; 40:400-10. [PMID: 26862303 PMCID: PMC4737735 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2015.54607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate analgesic activity ("hot plate" test), anti-inflammatory activity (carrageenan-induced paw edema) and locomotor activity in rats under the influence of three fractions of Chelidonium majus herb extract: full water extract (FWE), protein enriched fraction (PEF), and non-protein fraction (NPF). Effects of the fractions on the level of chosen cytokines and their mRNA levels were also assessed using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration as a proinflammatory cue. All fractions and diclofenac did not affect the locomotor activity of rats in comparison with the control group. FWE and PEF three hours after administration showed statistically significant analgesic activities comparable to morphine (p < 0.05). A slight reduction in rat paw edema was observed after three (comparable with diclofenac) and six hours in the NPF group. FWE revealed a statistically significant pro-inflammatory effect after three hours in comparison with the control group. Peripheral IL-1 and IL-4 cytokine concentrations were reduced under FWE and NPF, PEF fractions. The combination of FWE, PEF and NPF together with LPS showed only the effects of LPS. We suggest that protein enriched fraction (PEF) produced centrally mediated (morphine-like) analgesic action, whereas the anti-inflammatory potential was shown only after LPS-induced inflammation. The precise mechanisms involved in the production of anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory responses of studied fractions are not completely understood, but they may be caused rather by the presence of protein more than alkaloids-enriched fraction. This fraction of the extract could be used as an alternative therapy for the prevention of inflammatory-related diseases in the future, but further studies are needed.
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Vrancheva RZ, Ivanov IG, Aneva IY, Dincheva IN, Badjakov IK, Pavlov AI. Alkaloid profiles and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of Fumaria species from Bulgaria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 71:9-14. [DOI: 10.1515/znc-2014-4179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
GC-MS analysis of alkaloid profiles of five Fumaria species, naturally grown in Bulgaria (F. officinalis, F. thuretii, F. kralikii, F. rostellata and F. schrammii) and analysis of acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of alkaloid extracts were performed. Fourteen isoquinoline alkaloids were identified, with the principle ones being protopine, cryptopine, sinactine, parfumine, fumariline, fumarophycine, and fumaritine. Protopine contents, defined by HPLC analysis varied between 210.6 ± 8.8 μg/g DW (F. schrammii) and 334.5 ± 7.1 μg/g DW. (F. rostellata). While all of the investigated alkaloid extracts significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity, the F. kralikii demonstrated the highest level of inhibition (IC50 0.13 ± 0.01 mg extract/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Z. Vrancheva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Food Technologies, Plovdiv, 26 Maritza Blvd., 4002, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ivan G. Ivanov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Food Technologies, Plovdiv, 26 Maritza Blvd., 4002, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ina Y. Aneva
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research at the Bulgarian Academy of Science, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivayla N. Dincheva
- AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, 8 Dr. Tsankov Blvd, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ilian K. Badjakov
- AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, 8 Dr. Tsankov Blvd, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Liu L, Yu X, Wang Z, Sun J, Pan R, Yang C, Wu L. Simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetics of five alkaloids in rat plasma by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry after the oral administration of Corydalis bungeana
Turcz extract. J Sep Sci 2015; 39:296-305. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- College of Pharmacy; Harbin Medical University; Harbin China
| | - Xueli Yu
- College of Pharmacy; Harbin Medical University; Harbin China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education); Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Harbin China
| | - Jiahui Sun
- College of Pharmacy; Harbin Medical University; Harbin China
| | - Rong Pan
- College of Pharmacy; Harbin Medical University; Harbin China
| | - Chunjuan Yang
- College of Pharmacy; Harbin Medical University; Harbin China
| | - Lijun Wu
- College of Pharmacy; Harbin Medical University; Harbin China
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Georgieva L, Ivanov I, Marchev A, Aneva I, Denev P, Georgiev V, Pavlov A. Protopine Production by Fumaria Cell Suspension Cultures: Effect of Light. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 176:287-300. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1574-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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He K, Gao JL. Protopine inhibits heterotypic cell adhesion in MDA-MB-231 cells through down-regulation of multi-adhesive factors. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2014; 11:415-24. [PMID: 25435628 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v11i2.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A Chinese herb Corydalis yanhusuo W.T. Wang that showed anticancer and anti-angiogenesis effects in our previous studies was presented for further studies. In the present study, we studied the anticancer proliferation and adhesion effects of five alkaloids which were isolated from Corydalis yanhusuo. MATERIALS AND METHODS MTT dose response curves, cell migration assay, cell invasion assay, as well as three types of cell adhesive assay were performed on MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. The mechanism of the compounds on inhibiting heterotypic cell adhesion were further explored by determining the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), αv-integrin, β1-integrin and β5-integrin by western blotting assay. RESULTS In five tested alkaloids, only protopine exhibited anti-adhesive and anti-invasion effects in MDA-MB-231 cells, which contributed to the anti-metastasis effect of Corydalis yanhusuo. The results showed that after treatment with protopine for 90 min, the expression of EGFR, ICAM-1, αv-integrin, β1-integrin and β5-integrin were remarkably reduced. CONCLUSION The present results suggest that protopine seems to inhibit the heterotypic cell adhesion between MDA-MB-231 cells, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells by changing the expression of adhesive factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China ; Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Li Gao
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
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An Endophytic Sanguinarine-Producing Fungus from Macleaya cordata, Fusarium proliferatum BLH51. Curr Microbiol 2013; 68:336-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-013-0482-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wu C, Yan R, Zhang R, Bai F, Yang Y, Wu Z, Wu A. Comparative pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of four alkaloids in different formulations from Corydalis decumbens. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 149:55-61. [PMID: 23773826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Corydalis decumbens, a Traditional Chinese Medicine listed in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, is clinically used for the treatment of paralytic stroke, headache, rheumatic arthritis and sciatica in China. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was aimed to compare the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of protopine, tetrahydropalmatine, bicuculline, and egenine in three formulations prepared from the rhizomes of Corydalis decumbens. MATERIALS AND METHODS Alkaloid extract (CDAs-SFE) was prepared from the rhizomes of Corydalis decumbens by supercritical CO2 fluid extraction; CDAs-SFE/HPβCD (hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex), and CDAs-SFE/HCl (hydrochloride freeze-dried powder) were resulted from CDAs-SFE through complexation with HPβCD and hydrochloride, respectively. An UFLC-MS/MS method was developed for quantitative analysis of protopine, tetrahydropalmatine, bicuculline and egenine simultaneously in rat plasma after oral administration. The differences of pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of the four alkaloids in three formulations were determined by pharmacokinetics analyses. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The Cmax, AUC and bioavailability of protopine and tetrahydropalamatine (bioactive components) in CDAs-SFE/HCl were significantly higher than in CDAs-SFE and in CDAs-SFE/HPβCD. In contrast, in CDAs-SFE/HPβCD, AUC and bioavailability of tetrahydropalamatine were significantly lower, while those of bicuculline (toxic compound) appeared to be higher than both in CDAs-SFE and in CDAs-SFE/HCl. The results indicated that CDAs-SFE/HCl was the best beneficial formulation among the three formulations for the alkaloid extract prepared from the rhizomes of Corydalis decumbens, in which protopine and tetrahydropalamatine displayed higher bioavailability, but lower for bicuculline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug & Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 1320 West Beijing Road, Shanghai 200040, China.
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Oliva-Madrid MJ, Saura-Llamas I, Bautista D, Vicente J. Benzyne–benzyne–RNC or CO triple sequential insertion into the Pd–C bond: synthesis of ten-membered N-heterocycles through stable ten- and eleven-membered palladacycles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:7997-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc43049a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ni Y, Lai Y, Kokot S. Fluorescence spectral analysis for the discrimination of complex, similar mixtures with the aid of chemometrics. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 66:810-819. [PMID: 22710429 DOI: 10.1366/12-06595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An analytical method for the classification of complex real-world samples was researched and developed with the use of excitation-emission fluorescence matrix (EEFM) spectroscopy, using the medicinal herbs, Rhizoma corydalis decumbentis (RCD) and Rhizoma corydalis (RC) as example samples. The data set was obtained from various authentic RCD-A and RC-A, adulterated AD, and commercial RCD-C and RC-C samples. The spectra (range: λ(ex) = 215∼395 nm and λ(em) = 290∼560 nm), arranged in two- and three-way data matrix formats, were processed using principal component analysis (PCA) and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) to produce two-dimensional component-by-component plots for qualitative data classification. The RCD-A and RC-A object groups were clearly discriminated, but the AD and the RCD-C as well as RC-C samples were less well separated. PARAFAC analysis produced somewhat better discrimination, and loadings plots revealed the presence of the marker compound Protopine-a strongly fluorescing substance-as well as at least two other unidentified fluorescent components. Classification performance of the common K-nearest neighbors (KNN) and linear discrimination analysis (LDA) methods was relatively poor when compared with that of the back propagation- and radial basis function-artificial neural networks (BP-ANN and RBF-ANN) models on the basis of two- and three-way formatted data. The best results were obtained with the three-way fingerprints and the RBF-ANN model. Subsequently, the quality of the commercial samples (RCD-C and RC-C) was classified on the best optimized RBF-ANN model. Thus, EEFM spectroscopy, which provides three-way measured data, is potentially a powerful analytical technique for the analysis of complex real-world substances provided the classification is performed by the RBF-ANN or similar ANN methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongnian Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, China.
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Wangchuk P, Keller PA, Pyne SG, Sastraruji T, Taweechotipatr M, Rattanajak R, Tonsomboon A, Kamchonwongpaisan S. Phytochemical and Biological Activity Studies of the Bhutanese Medicinal Plant Corydalis crispa. Nat Prod Commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1200700507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical constituents and biological activities of Corydalis crispa (Fumariaceae) were investigated for the first time. The phytochemical study resulted in the isolation of nine known isoquinoline alkaloids: protopine (1), 13-oxoprotopine (2), 13-oxocryptopine (3), stylopine (4), coreximine (5), rheagenine (6), ochrobirine (7), sibiricine (8) and bicuculline (9), with complete NMR data for 2 and 3 provided here for the first time. Crude extracts exhibited significant anti-inflammatory (p<0.01) activity against TNF- α production in LPS activated THP-1 cells. The acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of compounds 2, 4 and 7 and the antiplasmodial activity of compound 5 against P. falciparum strains TM4/8.2 and K1CB1 (multidrug resistant strain) are reported here for the first time. Stylopine (4) did not show antimalarial activity against the K1CB1 strain in contrast to a previous report. This study generated a scientific basis for the use of this plant in Bhutanese traditional medicine, either individually or in combination with other medicinal ingredients to treat a broad range of disorders. This study also identified compound 5 as potential new antimalarial lead compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phurpa Wangchuk
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- Pharmaceutical and Research Unit, Ministry of Health, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Paul A. Keller
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Stephen G. Pyne
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Thanapat Sastraruji
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Malai Taweechotipatr
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Roonglawan Rattanajak
- Medical Molecular Biology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Aunchalee Tonsomboon
- Medical Molecular Biology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Sumalee Kamchonwongpaisan
- Medical Molecular Biology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
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Bae DS, Kim YH, Pan CH, Nho CW, Samdan J, Yansan J, Lee JK. Protopine reduces the inflammatory activity of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine macrophages. BMB Rep 2012; 45:108-13. [DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2012.45.2.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Shakya A, Chatterjee SS, Kumar V. Holistic Psychopharmacology of <i>Fumaria indica</i> (Fumitory). Chin Med 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/cm.2012.34028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Sharma A, Appukkuttan P, Van der Eycken E. Microwave-assisted synthesis of medium-sized heterocycles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 48:1623-37. [PMID: 22031184 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc15238f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of new strategies for synthesis of medium-sized heterocycles has remained a highly attractive but challenging proposition. In the last few years, the application of microwave irradiation has greatly facilitated the construction of such heterocyclic ring systems through a myriad of different synthetic approaches. This feature article illustrates the progress made in the microwave-assisted synthesis of medium-sized heterocycles with an emphasis on examples describing the use of a dedicated microwave synthesizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Sharma
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
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Simultaneous quantification of five major active components in capsules of the traditional Chinese medicine 'Shu-Jin-Zhi-Tong' by high performance liquid chromatography. J Pharm Anal 2011; 1:284-290. [PMID: 29403711 PMCID: PMC5760797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and reliable high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed for the simultaneous quantification of five major bioactive components in ‘Shu-Jin-Zhi-Tong’ capsules (SJZTC), for the purposes of quality control of this commonly prescribed traditional Chinese medicine. Under the optimum conditions, excellent separation was achieved, and the assay was fully validated in terms of linearity, precision, repeatability, stability and accuracy. The validated method was applied successfully to the determination of the five compounds in SJZTC samples from different production batches. The HPLC method can be used as a valid analytical method to evaluate the intrinsic quality of SJZTC.
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Vrba J, Vrublova E, Modriansky M, Ulrichova J. Protopine and allocryptopine increase mRNA levels of cytochromes P450 1A in human hepatocytes and HepG2 cells independently of AhR. Toxicol Lett 2011; 203:135-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Determination of contents of eight alkaloids in fruits of Macleaya cordata (Willd) R. Br. from different habitats and antioxidant activities of extracts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11771-010-0509-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhong M, Huang KL, Zeng JG, Li S, She JM, Li G, Zhang L. Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of protopine and allocryptopine from stems of Macleaya cordata (Willd) R. Br. using response surface methodology. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:2160-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Suleiman MM, Bagla V, Naidoo V, Eloff JN. Evaluation of selected South African plant species for antioxidant, antiplatelet, and cytotoxic activity. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2010; 48:643-650. [PMID: 20645737 DOI: 10.3109/13880200903229114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant, antiplatelet, and cytoxoxic effects of seven South African plant extracts, namely, Combretum vendae A.E. van Wyk (Combretaceae), Commiphora harveyi (Engl.) Engl. (Burseraceae), Khaya anthotheca (Welm.) C.DC (Meliaceae), Kirkia wilmsii Engl. (Kirkiaceae), Loxostylis alata A. Spreng. ex Rchb. (Anacardiaceae), Ochna natalitia (Meisn.) Walp. (Ochnaceae), and Protorhus longifolia (Bernh. Ex C. Krauss) Engl. (Anacardiaceae), were evaluated using established in vitro assays. All the extracts showed comparably low toxicity except for the extract of C. harveyi that showed high hemagluttination assay titer value, which indicates toxicity. The extracts of P. longifolia, K. wilmsii, O. natalitia, L. alata, C. harveyi, and C. vendae exhibited antioxidant properties in the qualitative assay using DPPH. In the quantification of antioxidation using ABTS, only the extracts of P. longifolia, L. alata, and C. vendae showed antioxidant activity with respective TEAC values of 1.39, 1.94, and 2.08. Similarly, in the quantitative DPPH assay, L. alata (EC50, 3.58+/-0.23 microg/mL) and K. wilmsii (EC50, 3.57+/-0.41 microg/mL) did not differ significantly (p<or=0.05) from the control. K. anthotheca showed a higher EC50 (176.40+/-26.56 microg/mL) value, and differed significantly (p<or=0.05) from all the other extracts and control. In addition, the extracts of C. vendae and C. harveyi showed significant (p<or=0.05) antiplatelet activity and did not differ from the control (aspirin) with EC50 of 0.06+/-0.01 microg/mL and 0.19+/-0.00 microg/mL, respectively. Lower EC50 values in the antioxidant and antiplatelet studies are indicative of superior activity of the plant extract against oxidation and platelet aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Suleiman
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa.
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Dunkel P, Túrós G, Bényei A, Ludányi K, Mátyus P. Synthesis of novel fused azecine ring systems through application of the tert-amino effect. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Vacek J, Walterová D, Vrublová E, Šimánek V. The Chemical and Biological Properties of Protopine and Allocryptopine. HETEROCYCLES 2010. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-10-673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wangchuk P, Bremner JB, Samten, Rattanajak R, Kamchonwongpaisan S. Antiplasmodial agents from the Bhutanese medicinal plant Corydalis calliantha. Phytother Res 2009; 24:481-5. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ghayur MN, Gilani AH, Rasheed H, Khan A, Iqbal Z, Ismail M, Saeed SA, Janssen LJ. Cardiovascular and airway relaxant activities of peony root extract. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 86:793-803. [PMID: 19011675 DOI: 10.1139/y08-084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Paeonia emodi (peony) is a well known plant used medicinally to treat hypertension, palpitations, and asthma. Despite its popularity, there are few reports in the scientific literature examining its use in such conditions. We prepared a 70% ethanolic extract of peony root (Pe.Cr) and applied it to segments of guinea pig atria and trachea and rat aorta suspended separately in tissue baths. Activity against arachidonic acid (AA)-induced platelet aggregation was measured in human platelet-rich plasma. Airway relaxant effect was evaluated against acetylcholine (ACh)-induced airway contraction in mouse lung slices loaded with fluo-4. Pe.Cr (0.3-10 mg/mL) showed an atropine-resistant negative inotropic effect in atria. In rat aorta, an endothelium-independent vasodilatory effect (0.3-10 mg/mL) was seen in phenylephrine- and high-K+-induced contractions. Pe.Cr (0.01-1 mg/mL) also inhibited AA-induced platelet aggregation. In isolated trachea, Pe.Cr (0.3-10 mg/mL) relaxed carbachol- and histamine-induced contractions independently of beta-adrenergic receptors. In mouse lung slices, Pe.Cr (0.3-1 mg/mL) inhibited ACh-induced airway narrowing and oscillations of intracellular Ca2+ in airway smooth muscle cells. The results showed cardiosuppressant, vasodilatory, antiplatelet, and tracheal and airway relaxant activities of peony, providing potential justification for its medicinal use in different hyperactive cardiovascular and respiratory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad N Ghayur
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Hospital, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON L8N4A6, Canada.
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