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Hsiao WWW, Lincy V, Selvi SV, Prasannan A, Sambasivam S, Nimita Jebaranjitham J. Carrageenan derived polyelectrolyte complexes material: An effective bifunctional for electrochemical sensing of sulfamethazine and antibacterial activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130445. [PMID: 38423441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Biopolymer-derived polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) are a class of materials that have emerged as promising candidates for developing advanced electrochemical sensors due to their tunable properties, biocompatibility, cost-effective production, and high surface area. PECs are formed by combining positively and negatively charged polymers, resulting in a network with intriguing properties that can be tailored for specific sensing applications. The resultant PECs-based nanocomposites were used to modify the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to detect the sulfamethazine (SFZ) antibiotic drug. In addition, electrochemical studies using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) are used to evaluate the SFZ detection ability. Similarly, various microscopic and spectroscopic studies investigated the nano composite's structural features and morphological behavior. The κ-CGN/P(Am-co-DMDAAc)-GO modified GCE demonstrated excellent detection ability of SFZ with the nano molar range and without interference with similar structural components. Furthermore, the newly fabricated electrode κ-CGN/P(Am-co-DMDAAc)-GO was derived from naturally available materials, water-soluble, low cost, biocompatible, exhibits good conductivity, and excellent catalytic properties. Finally, κ-CGN/P(Am-co-DMDAAc)-GO- modified GCE has versatile, practical applications for detecting SFZ in real-time samples and determining the efficacy of an antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Wei-Wen Hsiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan
| | - Varghese Lincy
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan; Universidad Politecnica Taiwán Paraguay (UPTP), Paraguay
| | - Subash Vetri Selvi
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
| | - Adhimoorthy Prasannan
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan.
| | - Sangaraju Sambasivam
- National Water and Energy Center, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - J Nimita Jebaranjitham
- PG Department of Chemistry, Women's Christian College (An Autonomous Institute Affiliated to the University of Madras), College Road, Chennai 600 006, Tamil Nadu, India.
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2
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Tran TQ, Park M, Lee JE, Kim SH, Jeong JH, Choy HE. Analysis of antibiotic resistance gene cassettes in a newly identified Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum strain in Korea. Mob DNA 2023; 14:4. [PMID: 37095552 PMCID: PMC10124037 DOI: 10.1186/s13100-023-00292-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistant pathogens are a global health threat driven by the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials. Antimicrobial resistance can be acquired by resistance genes encoded by mobile genetic elements. In this study, we identified a strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum (SG4021) from an infected chicken in Korea and characterized the presence of resistance genes in its plasmid by whole genome sequencing. The sequence was then compared with that of a plasmid (P2) from strain SG_07Q015, the only other strain of S. Gallinarum isolated in Korea for which a genome sequence is available. The results revealed that both strains harbored nearly identical DNA carrying antibiotic resistance gene cassettes inserted into integron In2 of the transposable element Tn21, namely an aadA1 resistance gene conferring resistance to aminoglycosides and a sul1 resistance gene conferring resistance to sulfonamide. Interestingly, despite the presence of sul1 in SG4021, an antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that it was sensitive to sulfonamides. Further analysis revealed that this disparity was due to the insertion of a ~ 5 kb ISCR16 sequence downstream of the promoter driving sul1 expression in SG4021. Using various mutants, we showed that the insertion of ISCR16 blocked the expression of the sul1 gene from the upstream promoter. Therefore, the functionality of antimicrobial resistance genes determines phenotypic antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Quang Tran
- Departments of Microbiology, Basic Medical Research Building, Chonnam National University Medical College, 322 Seoyangro, Hwansun, Jeonnam, 519-763, South Korea
| | - Minyoung Park
- DNA Link, Inc, Seodaemun-Gu Bugahyeon-Ro 150, Industry Coop Bldg. 2Nd Fl, Seoul, 120-140, South Korea
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- DNA Link, Inc, Seodaemun-Gu Bugahyeon-Ro 150, Industry Coop Bldg. 2Nd Fl, Seoul, 120-140, South Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Kim
- Departments of Microbiology, Basic Medical Research Building, Chonnam National University Medical College, 322 Seoyangro, Hwansun, Jeonnam, 519-763, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Jeong
- Departments of Microbiology, Basic Medical Research Building, Chonnam National University Medical College, 322 Seoyangro, Hwansun, Jeonnam, 519-763, South Korea.
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, 58128, Jeollanam-Do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyon E Choy
- Departments of Microbiology, Basic Medical Research Building, Chonnam National University Medical College, 322 Seoyangro, Hwansun, Jeonnam, 519-763, South Korea.
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, 58128, Jeollanam-Do, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Qiu W, Gao M, Chen Q, Zheng A, Shi Y, Liu X, Li J, Dai G, Hu Y, Lin Z. Acceleration of Fe
III
/Fe
II
cycle enhanced by Pd/MOF‐808(Zr) composite in hydrogen promotion Fenton system for sulfamethazine elimination. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Jing Qiu
- Tianping College of Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou China
| | - Ming‐Wu Gao
- Tianping College of Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou China
| | - Qi Chen
- Tianping College of Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou China
| | - Ao Zheng
- Tianping College of Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou China
| | - Yi‐Jia Shi
- Tianping College of Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou China
| | - Xin Liu
- Tianping College of Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou China
- Institute of Environmental Protection Application Technology, Institute of Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou China
| | - Juan‐Hong Li
- Changzhou Vocational Institute of Engineering Changzhou China
| | - Guo‐Liang Dai
- School of Chemistry and Life Science Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou China
| | - Yang Hu
- Suzhou Cott Environmental Protection Co., Ltd. Suzhou China
| | - Zi‐Xia Lin
- Testing Center Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
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Krishan M, Navarro L, Beck B, Carvajal R, Dourson M. A regulatory relic: After 60 years of research on cancer risk, the Delaney Clause continues to keep us in the past. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 433:115779. [PMID: 34737146 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Delaney Clause of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act became law in 1958 because of concerns that potentially harmful chemicals were finding their way into foods and causing cancer. It states, "[n]o additive shall be deemed to be safe if it is found to induce cancer when ingested by man or animal, or if it is found, after tests which are appropriate for the evaluation of the safety of food additives, to induce cancer in man or animal." The United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) and United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA, prior to implementation of the Food Quality Protection Act) were charged with implementing this clause. Over 60 years, advances in cancer research have elucidated how chemicals induce cancer. Significant advancements in analytical methodologies have allowed for accurate and progressively lower detection limits, resulting in detection of trace amounts. Based on current scientific knowledge, there is a need to revisit the Delaney Clause's utility. The lack of scientific merit to the Delaney Clause was very apparent when recently the US FDA had to revoke the food additive approvals of 6 synthetic flavoring substances because high dose testing in animals demonstrated a carcinogenic response. However, US FDA determined that these 6 synthetic flavoring substances do not pose a risk to public health under the conditions of intended use. The 7th substance, styrene, was de-listed because it is no longer used by industry. The scientific community is committed to improving public health by promoting relevant science in risk assessment and regulatory decision making, and this was discussed in scientific sessions at the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) 2020 Annual Meeting and the Society of Toxicology (SOT) 2019 Annual Meeting. Expert presentations included advances in cancer research since the 1950s; the role of the Delaney Clause in the current regulatory paradigm with a focus on synthetic food additives; and the impact of the clause on scientific advances and regulatory decision making. The sessions concluded with panel discussions on making the clause more relevant based on 21st-century science.
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Lewandowski TA, Wang G, Reed MD, Gigliotti AP, Cohen JM, Nuber D, Boelens M, Mukhi S. Thyroid homeostasis in B6C3F1 mice upon sub-chronic exposure to trifluoroiodomethane (CF 3I). Toxicol Ind Health 2021; 37:398-407. [PMID: 34075834 DOI: 10.1177/07482337211019658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I) is a fire suppressant gas with potential for use in low global-warming refrigerant blends. Data from studies in rats suggest that the most sensitive health effect of CF3I is thyroid hormone perturbation, but the rat is a particularly sensitive species for disruption of thyroid homeostasis. Mice appear to be less sensitive than rats but still a conservative model with respect to humans. The purpose of this study was to test tolerance and thyroid response to CF3I in B6C3F1 male mice. Male mice were exposed to CF3I for 6 h per day, for 28 days, via whole body exposure at concentrations of 2500, 5000 and 10,000 ppm. A 16-day recovery period was included to evaluate reversibility. No adverse clinical signs were observed throughout the study, and body weights were unaffected by exposure. CF3I exposure had no effect on thyroid histology. An increase in relative thyroid weight was observed at 10,000 ppm on day 28 but not in a separate group of animals evaluated on day 29, and thyroid weight was not different from controls at 44 days. Slight and sporadic changes in serum triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone were observed but did not follow a consistent pattern with respect to timing, dose, or direction. Overall, exposure at up to 10,000 ppm (1.0%) of CF3I gas for 28 days produced no overt general toxicity and only transient, recoverable effects on thyroid weight and hormones at certain concentrations. On the basis of the effect of CF3I exposure on the thyroid, including evaluation of thyroid histopathology, the no observed adverse effect level for this study is 10,000 ppm. Considering the apparently greater toxicity reported in prior studies in male rats, our data suggest a species difference between rats and mice in terms of susceptibility to CF3I-induced thyroid hormone perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gensheng Wang
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | | | | | - Dave Nuber
- Honeywell International, Inc., Morris Plains, NJ, USA
| | - Mark Boelens
- Honeywell International, Inc., Morris Plains, NJ, USA
| | - Sandeep Mukhi
- Honeywell International, Inc., Morris Plains, NJ, USA
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6
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Mulla SI, Bagewadi ZK, Faniband B, Bilal M, Chae JC, Bankole PO, Saratale GD, Bhargava RN, Gurumurthy DM. Various strategies applied for the removal of emerging micropollutant sulfamethazine: a systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 30:10.1007/s11356-021-14259-w. [PMID: 33948844 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14259-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical active drug(s) especially sulfamethazine (SMZ) is considered as one of the major emerging microcontaminants due its long-term existence in the environmental system and that can influence on the developmental of antibacterial resistance genes. Because of this region it has a great concern in the aquatic system. Moreover, the vast utilization of SMZ, excretion of undigested portion by animals and also through dumping or mishandling, SMZ is frequently detected in various samples (including water) of different places and its surroundings. Additionally, reports shown it has toxic effect against microalgae and mice. Thus, that can lead to several investigators, focusing on removal of SMZ alone or in combination of other drugs in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) either by abiotic and/or biotic treatment methods. The present review provides an overview of the toxic effect of SMZ and SMZ degradation/removal in abiotic and biotic processes. Finally, reveals the need of further implication of integrated treatments (including engineered biological mediators) to understand ideal biological approaches for the mineralization of SMZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikandar I Mulla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore, 560064, India.
- Division of Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea.
| | - Zabin K Bagewadi
- Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, Karnataka, 580031, India
| | - Basheerabegum Faniband
- Department of Physics, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Jong-Chan Chae
- Division of Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Paul Olusegun Bankole
- Department of Pure and Applied Botany, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Ogun State, Abeokuta, 234039, Nigeria
| | - Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Ram Naresh Bhargava
- Department of Environmental Microbiology (DEM), School for Environmental Sciences (SES), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Uttar Pradesh, , Lucknow 226 025, India
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7
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Ovung A, Bhattacharyya J. Sulfonamide drugs: structure, antibacterial property, toxicity, and biophysical interactions. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:259-272. [PMID: 33936318 PMCID: PMC8046889 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00795-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfonamide (or sulphonamide) functional group chemistry (SN) forms the basis of several groups of drug. In vivo sulfonamides exhibit a range of pharmacological activities, such as anti-carbonic anhydrase and anti-t dihydropteroate synthetase allowing them to play a role in treating a diverse range of disease states such as diuresis, hypoglycemia, thyroiditis, inflammation, and glaucoma. Sulfamethazine (SMZ) is a commonly used sulphonamide drug in veterinary medicine that acts as an antibacterial compound to treat livestock diseases such as gastrointestinal and respiratory tract infections. Sulfadiazine (SDZ) is another frequently employed sulphonamide drug that is used in combination with the anti-malarial drug pyrimethamine to treat toxoplasmosis in warm-blooded animals. This study explores the research findings and the work behaviours of SN (SMZ and SDZ) drugs. The areas covered include SN drug structure, SN drug antibacterial activity, SN drug toxicity, and SN environmental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aben Ovung
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Nagaland, Chumukedima, Dimapur, 797103 India
| | - Jhimli Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Nagaland, Chumukedima, Dimapur, 797103 India
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8
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Kaggwa MM, Nuwamanya S, Ashaba S, Rukundo GZ, Harms S. An Adolescent's Use of Veterinary Medicines: A Case Report Exploring Addiction. J Psychoactive Drugs 2021; 53:339-344. [PMID: 33432874 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2021.1873466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This case report describes a 17-year-old high school student serious suicide attempt using an injectable composite of veterinary medications (vitamins, vaccines, antibiotics, and antihelminthics) typically used to treat chickens. The use of this particular substance and the route of administration was novel as a method for suicide lethality and there have been no previous cases of this kind. However, this youth also developed chronic self-harming behaviors where she would repeatedly self-inject the veterinarian medication composite which included substances that were largely inert but did have a potential neuropsychiatric side effect profile that complicated her psychiatric presentation. In this context of chronically injecting a substance with unclear psychoactive properties, an interesting set of symptoms and behaviors emerged that required diagnostic clarification and interpretation. Diagnostic considerations for this youth included major depressive disorder with psychotic features, a possible emerging borderline personality disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as well a possibility of an unknown substance use disorder using the veterinary medication composite. The purpose of this case study is to highlight the clinical course and explore sociocultural factors, including family and interpersonal relationships as contextually important variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Mohan Kaggwa
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Sympson Nuwamanya
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Scholastic Ashaba
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Godfrey Zari Rukundo
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Sheila Harms
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Ovung A, Mavani A, Chatterjee S, Das A, Suresh Kumar G, Bhuiya S, Das S, Bhattacharyya J. On the Biophysical Investigation of Sulfamethazine‐Hemoglobin Binding and the Resulting Adverse Effects of Antibiotics. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aben Ovung
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Nagaland, Chumukedima, Dimapur Nagalnd 797103 India
| | - A. Mavani
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Nagaland, Chumukedima, Dimapur Nagalnd 797103 India
| | - Sabyasachi Chatterjee
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Abhi Das
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Gopinatha Suresh Kumar
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Sutanwi Bhuiya
- Department of Chemistry Jadavpur University, Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Suman Das
- Department of Chemistry Jadavpur University, Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Jhimli Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Nagaland, Chumukedima, Dimapur Nagalnd 797103 India
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Hamid N, Junaid M, Pei DS. Individual and combined mechanistic toxicity of sulfonamides and their implications for ecological risk assessment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA), China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 382:121106. [PMID: 31487668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonamides (SAs) are conventional veterinary antibiotics that pose ecological risks in the aquatic environment. This study aims to evaluate the environmental concerns of SAs in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA) and their toxicogenetic implications. Here, we employed various in vitro and in vivo bioassays to determine the combine toxicogenetic effects of SAs, which were further confirmed through applying Combination Index (CI) and Independent Action (IA) models. Among the investigated SAs, sulfamethoxazole (SMX) appeared as the individual chemical with relatively high environmental effects and elevated in vitro and in vivo toxicity. Importantly, exposure to the binary mixtures of SAs induced higher developmental toxicity and significantly perturbed the detoxification pathway in zebrafish, compared to that of individual compound exposure. Moreover, the CI and IA models indicated greater synergistic effects of SAs binary mixtures as SMX-SMR, SMX-ST, and SPY-ST on the Acinetobacter sp. Tox2 at Fa = 0.5. Contrarily, IA model predicted the additive, antagonistic and synergistic effects of SAs mixtures on the transcriptional responses of detoxification pathways in zebrafish, implying the different mode of actions (MoAs) for SAs to induce mixture toxicity in vivo. Thus, the nature of toxicological interactions of SAs should be considered while performing their ecological risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naima Hamid
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
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11
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Duality in the Mechanism of Hexagonal ZnO/CuxO Nanowires Inducing Sulfamethazine Degradation under Solar or Visible Light. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9110916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents the first evidence for the photocatalytic performance of ZnO/CuxO hexagonal nanowires leading to sulfamethazine (SMT) degradation. The chemical composition of the nanowires was determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The sample with the composition ZnO/Cux = 1.25O led to faster SMT-degradation kinetics. The SMT-degradation kinetics were monitored by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The morphology of the hexagonal nanowires was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mapped by EDX. The redox reactions during SMT degradation were followed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The interfacial potential between the catalyst surface and SMT was followed in situ under solar and indoor visible light irradiation. SMT-degradation was mediated by reactive oxidative species (ROS). The interfacial charge transfer (IFCT) between ZnO and CuxO is shown to depend on the type of light used (solar or visible light). This later process was found to be iso-energetic due to the potential energy positions of ZnO and CuxO conduction bands (cb). The intervention of surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) species in the SMT degradation is discussed.
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12
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Li AA, Makris SL, Marty MS, Strauss V, Gilbert ME, Blacker A, Zorrilla LM, Coder PS, Hannas B, Lordi S, Schneider S. Practical considerations for developmental thyroid toxicity assessments: What's working, what's not, and how can we do better? Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 106:111-136. [PMID: 31018155 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs; T3 and T4) play a role in development of cardiovascular, reproductive, immune and nervous systems. Thus, interpretation of TH changes from rodent studies (during pregnancy, in fetuses, neonates, and adults) is critical in hazard characterization and risk assessment. A roundtable session at the 2017 Society of Toxicology (SOT) meeting brought together academic, industry and government scientists to share knowledge and different perspectives on technical and data interpretation issues. Data from a limited group of laboratories were compiled for technical discussions on TH measurements, including good practices for reliable serum TH data. Inter-laboratory historical control data, derived from immunoassays or mass spectrometry methods, revealed: 1) assay sensitivities vary within and across methodologies; 2) TH variability is similar across animal ages; 3) laboratories generally achieve sufficiently sensitive TH quantitation levels, although issues remain for lower levels of serum TH and TSH in fetuses and postnatal day 4 pups; thus, assay sensitivity is critical at these life stages. Best practices require detailed validation of rat serum TH measurements across ages to establish assay sensitivity and precision, and identify potential matrix effects. Finally, issues related to data interpretation for biological understanding and risk assessment were discussed, but their resolution remains elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby A Li
- Exponent Inc., 1010 14th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94114, USA.
| | - Susan L Makris
- US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave NW 8623R, Washington, DC, 20460, USA.
| | - M Sue Marty
- The Dow Chemical Company, Toxicology & Environmental Research and Consulting, 1803 Building, Midland, MI, 48674, USA.
| | - Volker Strauss
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
| | - Mary E Gilbert
- US Environmental Protection Agency, National Health Environmental Effects Research Lab, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, MD B105 05, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Ann Blacker
- Bayer CropScience, P.O. Box 12014, RTP, NC, 27709, USA.
| | | | - Pragati S Coder
- Charles River Laboratories, Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology, 1407 George Road, Ashland, OH, 44805, USA.
| | - Bethany Hannas
- The Dow Chemical Company, Toxicology & Environmental Research and Consulting, 1803 Building, Midland, MI, 48674, USA.
| | - Sheri Lordi
- Charles River Laboratories International, 251 Ballardvale Street, Wilmington, MA, 01887, USA.
| | - Steffen Schneider
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
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13
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Yu J, Kiwi J, Wang T, Pulgarin C, Rtimi S. Evidence for a dual mechanism in the TiO2/CuxO photocatalyst during the degradation of sulfamethazine under solar or visible light: Critical issues. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Yang Y, Shi J, Yang Y, Yin J, Zhang J, Shao B. Transformation of sulfamethazine during the chlorination disinfection process: Transformation, kinetics, and toxicology assessment. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 76:48-56. [PMID: 30528034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Various disinfection byproducts (DBPs) form during the process of chlorination disinfection, posing potential threats to drinking water safety and human health. Sulfamethazine (SMT), the most commonly used and frequently detected veterinary antibiotic, was investigated in detail with regard to its transformation and kinetics in reactions with free available chlorine (FAC). Using liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry, several DBPs were identified based on different confidence levels, and a variety of reaction types, including desulfonation, S-N cleavage, hydroxylation, and chlorine substitution, were proposed. The kinetic experiments indicated that the reaction rate was FAC- and pH-dependent, and SMT exhibits low reactivity toward FAC in alkaline conditions. The DBPs exhibited a much higher acute toxicity than SMT, as estimated by quantitative structure activity relationship models. More importantly, we observed that the FAC-treated SMT reaction solution might increase the genotoxic potential due to the generation of DBPs. This investigation provides substantial new details related to the transformation of SMT in the chlorination disinfection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjia Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China; Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Jiachen Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China; Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China; Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China; Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China; Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Bing Shao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China; Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China.
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Yan Z, Yang Q, Jiang W, Lu J, Xiang Z, Guo R, Chen J. Integrated toxic evaluation of sulfamethazine on zebrafish: Including two lifespan stages (embryo-larval and adult) and three exposure periods (exposure, post-exposure and re-exposure). CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 195:784-792. [PMID: 29289905 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Persistence of antibiotics in aquatic environment may pose a risk to the non-target aquatic organisms. This study provided an integrated evaluation to analyze the toxic stress of sulfamethazine (SMZ) on zebrafish in two lifespan stages (embryo-larval and adult) and three exposure periods (exposure, post-exposure and re-exposure). Zebrafish embryos and adult zebrafish were exposed to SMZ at 0.2, 20 and 2000 μg/L, respectively. The results showed that SMZ at any given concentration inhibited the hatching of embryos at 58-96 hpf (hours post-fertilization). Our result also indicated that two major kinds of the malformation, which was induced by the antibiotic, were edema and spinal curvature. Additionally, the antibiotic stimulated the heartbeat while reduced the body length of the embryo at 72 hpf. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents significantly increased at 120 hpf when the embryos were exposed to the lowest concentration (0.2 μg/L) of the antibiotic. On the other hand, the antibiotic induced SOD activities and MDA contents in adult zebrafish in the exposure and re-exposure periods. The MDA contents could recover while SOD activities still increased in 2 d after the exposure. Both SOD activities and MDA contents could recover in 7 d after the exposure. Levels of SOD and MDA in the re-exposure were higher than those in the first exposure. Our results suggested that SMZ had toxic effects on both embryos and adult zebrafish, and provided an integrated evaluation of the toxic effects of SMZ on zebrafish at a new perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Yan
- China Pharmaceutical University, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qiulian Yang
- China Pharmaceutical University, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Weili Jiang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Jilai Lu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Zhongrun Xiang
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Ruixin Guo
- China Pharmaceutical University, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, 210009, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing, 210036, China.
| | - Jianqiu Chen
- China Pharmaceutical University, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, 210009, China.
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16
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Colnot T, Dekant W. Approaches for grouping of pesticides into cumulative assessment groups for risk assessment of pesticide residues in food. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 83:89-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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17
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Sampaio FG, Carra ML, Jonsson CM, Gonçalves VT, Dal'Bo G, Nunes KSD, Valim JH, Dallago BSL, do Nascimento de Queiroz SC, Reyes FGR. Effects of Dietary Exposure to Sulfamethazine on the Hematological Parameters and Hepatic Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 97:528-535. [PMID: 27225508 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-016-1837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sulfamethazine (SMZ) is one of the most commonly used sulfonamide compounds in fish farming, and its physiological effects on fish are unknown. SMZ was administered to juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at a dose level of 422 mg kg(-1) body weight, for a period of 11 days, via medicated feed. Fish were divided into two groups, the control group (CG) and the group fed with SMZ in feed. The administration of SMZ did not alter the erythrograms and leukograms of the Nile tilapia. The SMZ-fed group showed the same hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO) concentration as the CG. Nonetheless, the oral administration of SMZ raised the hepatic catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities, the increase probably being sufficient to prevent hepatic LPO production. The oral administration of SMZ affects the hepatic GST and CAT activities of Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Garcia Sampaio
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - Embrapa Environment, Ministry of Livestock and Food Supply, Rod. SP 340, km 127,5, Jaguariúna, SP, 13820-000, Brazil.
| | - Maria Lídia Carra
- Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Jaguariúna, Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudio Martin Jonsson
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - Embrapa Environment, Ministry of Livestock and Food Supply, Rod. SP 340, km 127,5, Jaguariúna, SP, 13820-000, Brazil
| | | | - Genoefa Dal'Bo
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - José Henrique Valim
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - Embrapa Environment, Ministry of Livestock and Food Supply, Rod. SP 340, km 127,5, Jaguariúna, SP, 13820-000, Brazil
| | - Bruno Stéfano Lima Dallago
- Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Avian Pathology, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Sonia Claudia do Nascimento de Queiroz
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - Embrapa Environment, Ministry of Livestock and Food Supply, Rod. SP 340, km 127,5, Jaguariúna, SP, 13820-000, Brazil
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Fotouhi L, Zabeti M. Photochemically induced fluorimetry, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and voltammetry on the DNA/MWCNT/GCE to investigate the interaction of sulfamethazine with DNA: determination of DNA. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-015-1518-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Preparation of silica-based surface-imprinted core–shell nanoadsorbents for the selective recognition of sulfamethazine via reverse atom transfer radical precipitation polymerization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-014-0520-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Chen R, Li H, Zhang H, Zhang S, Shi W, Shen J, Wang Z. Development of a lateral flow fluorescent microsphere immunoassay for the determination of sulfamethazine in milk. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:6783-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Le T, Yan P, Liu J, Wei S. Simultaneous detection of sulfamethazine and sulfaquinoxaline using a dual-label time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013; 30:1264-9. [PMID: 23782396 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.801084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A dual-label time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA) was introduced for the simultaneous quantification of sulfamethazine (SM2) and sulfaquinoxaline (SQX). Lanthanide (Eu(3+) and Sm(3+))-labelled antibodies were used because lanthanides have higher stabilities and narrower emission spectra than most fluorescent dyes. The sensitivity of the TRFIA for SM2 was 0.02 ng ml(-1), and the average recoveries and the intra- and inter-assay CVs were 77.2-107.6%, 5.4-10.5%, and 6.0-11.2%, respectively. The sensitivity of the TRFIA for SQX was 0.04 ng ml(-1); and the average recoveries and the intra- and inter-assay CVs were 74.1-102.8%, 4.6-10.9%, and 8.7-11.2%, respectively. The method was used to analyse chicken tissue and egg samples, and the results agreed well with the results of HPLC and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analyses, with correlation coefficients (R(2)) of 0.9415-0.9724. The TRFIA developed is a simple, fast and sensitive method for the high-throughput simultaneous screening of SM2 and SQX in edible animal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Le
- College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, PR China.
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22
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Chen J, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Gao H. Potential toxicity of sulfanilamide antibiotic: binding of sulfamethazine to human serum albumin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 432:269-274. [PMID: 22750172 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are widely used in daily life but their abuse has posed a potential threat to human health. The interaction between human serum albumin (HSA) and sulfamethazine (SMZ) was investigated by capillary electrophoresis, fluorescence spectrometry, and circular dichroism. The binding constant and site were determined to be 1.09×10(4) M(-1) and 1.14 at 309.5 K. The thermodynamic determination indicated that the interaction was driven by enthalpy change, where the electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bond were the dominant binding force. The binding distance between SMZ and tryptophan residue of HSA was obtained to be 3.07 nm according to Fǒrster non-radioactive energy transfer theory. The site marker competition revealed that SMZ bound into subdomain IIA of HSA. The binding of SMZ induced the unfolding of the polypeptides of HSA and transferred the secondary conformation of HSA. The equilibrium dialysis showed that only 0.13 mM SMZ decreased vitamin B(2) by 38% transported on the HSA. This work provides a new quantitative evaluation method for antibiotics to cause the protein damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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23
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Islas-Espinoza M, Reid BJ, Wexler M, Bond PL. Soil bacterial consortia and previous exposure enhance the biodegradation of sulfonamides from pig manure. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2012; 64:140-151. [PMID: 22286498 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-012-0010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Persistence or degradation of synthetic antibiotics in soil is crucial in assessing their environmental risks. Microbial catabolic activity in a sandy loamy soil with pig manure using 12C- and 14C-labelled sulfamethazine (SMZ) respirometry showed that SMZ was not readily degradable. But after 100 days, degradation in sulfadiazine-exposed manure was 9.2%, far greater than soil and organic manure (0.5% and 0.11%, respectively, p < 0.05). Abiotic degradation was not detected suggesting microbial catabolism as main degradation mechanism. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism showed biodiversity increases within 1 day of SMZ spiking and especially after 200 days, although some species plummeted. A clone library from the treatment with highest degradation showed that most bacteria belonged to α, β and γ classes of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria. Proteobacteria (α, β and γ), Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes which were the most abundant classes on day 1 also decreased most following prolonged exposure. From the matrix showing the highest degradation rate, 17 SMZ-resistant isolates biodegraded low levels of 14C-labelled SMZ when each species was incubated separately (0.2-1.5%) but biodegradation was enhanced when the four isolates with the highest biodegradation were incubated in a consortium (Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas putida, Alcaligenes sp. and Aquamicrobium defluvium as per 16S rRNA gene sequencing), removing up to 7.8% of SMZ after 20 days. One of these species (B. licheniformis) was a known livestock and occasional human pathogen. Despite an environmental role of these species in sulfonamide bioremediation, the possibility of horizontal transfer of pathogenicity and resistance genes should caution against an indiscriminate use of these species as sulfonamide degraders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Islas-Espinoza
- Centro Interamericano de Recursos del Agua, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico, Toluca, Mexico.
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24
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Yap PS, Lim TT. Solar regeneration of powdered activated carbon impregnated with visible-light responsive photocatalyst: factors affecting performances and predictive model. WATER RESEARCH 2012; 46:3054-3064. [PMID: 22464146 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrated a green technique to regenerate spent powdered activated carbon (AC) using solar photocatalysis. The AC was impregnated with a photocatalyst photoexcitable under visible-light irradiation to yield a solar regenerable composite, namely nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (N-TiO(2)/AC). This composite exhibited bifunctional adsorptive-photocatalytic characteristics. Contaminants of emerging environmental concern, i.e. bisphenol-A (BPA), sulfamethazine (SMZ) and clofibric acid (CFA) which exhibited varying affinities for AC were chosen as target pollutants. The adsorption of BPA and SMZ by the N-TiO(2)/AC was significantly higher than that of CFA. The performance of solar photocatalytic regeneration (SPR) of the spent N-TiO(2)/AC composite generally increased with light intensity, N-TiO(2) loading and temperature. The regeneration efficiency (RE) for CFA-loaded spent composite was the highest compared to the other pollutant-loaded spent composites, achieving 77% within 8h of solar irradiation (765 W m(-2)). The rate-limiting process was pollutant desorption from the interior AC sorption sites. A kinetic model was developed to predict the transient concentration of the sorbate remaining in the spent composite during SPR. Comparison studies using solvent extraction technique indicated a different order of RE for the three pollutants, attributable to their varying solubilities in the aqueous and organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pow-Seng Yap
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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25
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Abstract
Veterinary pesticides are used to treat a range of parasitic conditions in companion and farm animals. These products are based on a number of different compounds with different modes of action and different spectra of toxicity. The older agents include the synthetic pyrethroids and organophosphorus compounds, while the newer examples include, for example, representatives of the insect growth promoters, the neonicotinoids, and the oxadiazones. For many of these compounds, toxicity is associated with their pharmacological activity or mode of action. Thus the synthetic pyrethroids and the organophosphorus compounds exert neurotoxic effects. For others, toxicity may be associated with mechanisms that are independent of their mode of action. When used according to the manufacturer's instructions, these products are generally safe and efficacious. However, accidental contamination and misuse can lead to toxicity in operators and treated animals. These compounds are important in the treatment of parasitic disease in animals and their regulation and uses are based on favourable risk-benefit outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Woodward
- TSGE, Concordia House St James Business Park, Grimbald Crag Court, Knaresborough, North Yorkshire UK.
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26
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Yan J, Lei M, Zhu L, Anjum MN, Zou J, Tang H. Degradation of sulfamonomethoxine with Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles as heterogeneous activator of persulfate. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 186:1398-1404. [PMID: 21237557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (Fe(3)O(4) MNPs) can effectively activate persulfate anions (S(2)O(8)(2-)) to produce sulfate free radicals (SO(4)(-)), which are a powerful oxidant with promising applications to degrade organic contaminants. The kinetics of sulfamonomethoxine (SMM) degradation was studied in the system of Fe(3)O(4) MNPs and S(2)O(8)(2-). A complete removal of the added SMM (0.06 mmol L(-1)) was achieved within 15 min with the addition of 1.20 mmol L(-1) S(2)O(8)(2-) and 2.40 mmol L(-1) Fe(3)O(4) MNPs. There is an optimum concentration of Fe(3)O(4) MNPs because Fe(3)O(4) MNPs may also act as a SO(4)(-) scavenger at higher concentrations. It was further observed that the addition of Fe(3)O(4) MNPs in several batches for a given total amount of the activator is favorable to enhancing the degradation of SMM. A degradation mechanism was proposed on the basis of identification of the degradation intermediates of SMM with liquid chromatography combined with mass spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchun Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
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27
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Ngom B, Guo Y, Jin X, Shi D, Zeng Y, Le T, Lu F, Wang X, Bi D. Monoclonal antibody against sulfaquinoxaline and quantitative analysis in chicken tissues by competitive indirect ELISA and lateral flow immunoassay. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2010.514895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Babacar Ngom
- a State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Yancheng Guo
- a State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Xiue Jin
- c Hubei Provincial Institute of Veterinary Drug Control , Wuhan, 430064, PR China
| | - Deshi Shi
- a State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Yong Zeng
- c Hubei Provincial Institute of Veterinary Drug Control , Wuhan, 430064, PR China
| | - Tao Le
- a State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, 430070, PR China
- b Xinyang Agricultural College , Xinyang, 464000, PR China
| | - Fang Lu
- c Hubei Provincial Institute of Veterinary Drug Control , Wuhan, 430064, PR China
| | - Xiliang Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Dingren Bi
- a State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, 430070, PR China
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Assem FL, Holmes P, Levy LS. The mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of inorganic manganese compounds: a synthesis of the evidence. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2011; 14:537-570. [PMID: 22008092 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2011.615111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn), a naturally occurring element present in many foodstuffs, is an essential trace element with many biological functions. In industry, inorganic Mn compounds have a range of different applications, although the majority of Mn is used to make alloys and steel. For the general population, the major source of exposure to Mn is dietary, although drinking water may constitute an additional source in some regions. However, in occupationally exposed humans, inhalation of Mn is likely to be an important additional route. In general, Mn and its inorganic compounds are considered to possess low mutagenic or carcinogenic potential compared with some heavy metals. In this review, an up-to-date analysis of the available published studies on the carcinogenic and genotoxic potential of inorganic Mn is provided (organic Mn compounds are not considered). The current literature indicates that Mn may be weakly mutagenic in vitro and possibly clastogenic in vivo, with unknown genotoxic effects in humans; the possible mechanisms underlying these effects are discussed. The experimental evidence on carcinogenicity (quantitative increase in incidence of thyroid tumors in mice but not rats) does not provide any clear evidence, while the available occupational and environmental epidemiological evidence is equivocal as to whether exposure to inorganic Mn is associated with a significant cancer risk. Hence, it is concluded that there is insufficient evidence to indicate that inorganic Mn exposure produces cancer in animals or humans.
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Guo Y, Ngom B, Le T, Jin X, Wang L, Shi D, Wang X, Bi D. Utilizing Three Monoclonal Antibodies in the Development of an Immunochromatographic Assay for Simultaneous Detection of Sulfamethazine, Sulfadiazine, and Sulfaquinoxaline Residues in Egg and Chicken Muscle. Anal Chem 2010; 82:7550-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ac101020y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yancheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China, Xinyang Agricultural College, Xinyang 464000, P.R. China, and Hubei Provincial Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Wuhan 430068, P.R. China
| | - Babacar Ngom
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China, Xinyang Agricultural College, Xinyang 464000, P.R. China, and Hubei Provincial Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Wuhan 430068, P.R. China
| | - Tao Le
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China, Xinyang Agricultural College, Xinyang 464000, P.R. China, and Hubei Provincial Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Wuhan 430068, P.R. China
| | - Xiue Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China, Xinyang Agricultural College, Xinyang 464000, P.R. China, and Hubei Provincial Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Wuhan 430068, P.R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China, Xinyang Agricultural College, Xinyang 464000, P.R. China, and Hubei Provincial Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Wuhan 430068, P.R. China
| | - Deshi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China, Xinyang Agricultural College, Xinyang 464000, P.R. China, and Hubei Provincial Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Wuhan 430068, P.R. China
| | - Xiliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China, Xinyang Agricultural College, Xinyang 464000, P.R. China, and Hubei Provincial Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Wuhan 430068, P.R. China
| | - Dingren Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China, Xinyang Agricultural College, Xinyang 464000, P.R. China, and Hubei Provincial Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Wuhan 430068, P.R. China
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Messina M, Messina V. The role of soy in vegetarian diets. Nutrients 2010; 2:855-88. [PMID: 22254060 PMCID: PMC3257705 DOI: 10.3390/nu2080855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Revised: 07/31/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Soyfoods have long been prized among vegetarians for both their high protein content and versatility. Soybeans differ markedly in macronutrient content from other legumes, being much higher in fat and protein, and lower in carbohydrate. In recent years however, soyfoods and specific soybean constituents, especially isoflavones, have been the subject of an impressive amount of research. Nearly 2,000 soy-related papers are published annually. This research has focused primarily on the benefits that soyfoods may provide independent of their nutrient content. There is particular interest in the role that soyfoods have in reducing risk of heart disease, osteoporosis and certain forms of cancer. However, the estrogen-like effects of isoflavones observed in animal studies have also raised concerns about potential harmful effects of soyfood consumption. This review addresses questions related to soy and chronic disease risk, provides recommendations for optimal intakes, and discusses potential contraindications. As reviewed, the evidence indicates that, with the exception of those individuals allergic to soy protein, soyfoods can play a beneficial role in the diets of vegetarians. Concerns about adverse effects are not supported by the clinical or epidemiologic literature. Based on the soy intake associated with health benefits in the epidemiologic studies and the benefits noted in clinical trials, optimal adult soy intake would appear to be between two and four servings per day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Messina
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
- Nutrition Matters, Inc., Port Townsend, WA 98368, USA;
| | - Virginia Messina
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
- Nutrition Matters, Inc., Port Townsend, WA 98368, USA;
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Bulut I, Biçer E. Study of binary complexes of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) with sulfamethazine by voltammetry. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193510010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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De Liguoro M, Fioretto B, Poltronieri C, Gallina G. The toxicity of sulfamethazine to Daphnia magna and its additivity to other veterinary sulfonamides and trimethoprim. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 75:1519-1524. [PMID: 19269673 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2008] [Revised: 01/28/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonamides (SAs), the oldest chemotherapeutic agents used for antimicrobial therapy, still play an important role in veterinary mass treatments. Consequently, traces of these compounds, alone or in combinations, have been repeatedly detected in the environment. Sulfamethazine (SMZ) deserves particular attention not only because it is the most used veterinary SA, but also due to its proven effects on fertility in mice and on thyroid hormone homeostasis in rats. In this study, after evaluating the acute toxicity to Daphnia magna of six veterinary SAs and trimethoprim (TMP), the additivity of SMZ to each other compound was tested using the isobologram method. Two reproduction tests on the same biological model were also performed in order to derive LOEC and NOEC of SMZ. The acute EC(50) was in the range 131-270 mgL(-1) for all the compounds tested with the exception of sulfaguanidine (EC(50)=3.86 mgL(-1)). In acute binary tests SMZ showed a complex interaction with sulfaquinoxaline (superadditivity, additivity or subadditivity) at the three different combination ratios tested, simple additivity to TMP and less than additive interaction when paired to the other SAs. LOEC and NOEC of SMZ obtained from reproduction tests were 3.125 and 1.563 mgL(-1), respectively. In conclusion, SMZ should not harm the crustacean population at environmentally realistic concentrations. Its toxicity is comparable to that of other systemic SAs, and their binary interactions are less than additive. The same can not be entirely said for enteric SAs, and considering that these compounds are administered at high doses and mostly excreted in unmetabolised form, further evaluation of their impact to the aquatic environment seems advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco De Liguoro
- Department of Public Health, Comparative Pathology and Veterinary Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Padua, Agripolis, I-35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
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Li X, Zhang G, Liu Q, Feng C, Wang X, Yang Y, Xiao Z, Yang J, Xing G, Zhao D, Cai S, Chen H. Development of immunoassays for the detection of sulfamethazine in swine urine. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2009; 26:314-25. [DOI: 10.1080/02652030802520860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Messina M. Investigating the Optimal Soy Protein and Isoflavone Intakes for Women: A Perspective. WOMENS HEALTH 2008; 4:337-56. [DOI: 10.2217/17455057.4.4.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Traditional soyfoods have been consumed for centuries throughout much of East Asia and, recently, these foods have also become popular in the West. Soyfoods and specific soybean components, such as the protein and isoflavones, have attracted attention for their possible health benefits. Isoflavones are classified as phytoestrogens and have been postulated to be natural alternatives to hormone therapy for menopausal women. To provide guidance on optimal soy intake, this article evaluates Asian soy consumption and both clinical and Asian epidemiologic studies that examined the relationship between soy intake and a variety of health outcomes. On the basis of these data and the standard principles of dietary practice the author suggests that optimal soy protein and isoflavone intakes are 15–20 g/day and 50–90 mg/day, respectively. In addition, an intake of 25 g/day soy protein can be specifically used as the recommendation for cholesterol reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Messina
- Loma Linda University, Adjunct Associate Professor, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA and, President, Nutrition Matters, Inc., 439 Calhoun Street, Port Townsend, WA 9836, USA, Tel.: +1 360 379 9544; Fax: +1 360 379 9614
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Seelig DM, Whittemore JC, Lappin MR, Myers AM, Avery PR. Goitrous hypothyroidism associated with treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in a young dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2008; 232:1181-5. [PMID: 18412530 DOI: 10.2460/javma.232.8.1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION A 16-week-old female Boxer that had been treated for 5 weeks with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol because of aspiration pneumonia was evaluated for bilaterally symmetric masses in the subcutaneous tissues of the ventral neck, in the region of the larynx. CLINICAL FINDINGS Fine-needle aspirates were obtained from the neck masses; cytologic examination revealed well-differentiated thyroid epithelial tissue. A blood sample was collected for serum biochemical and thyroid function analyses. Mild hyperphosphatemia, severe hypercholesterolemia, mild hyperkalemia, and a mild increase in creatine kinase activity were identified. Serum concentration of total thyroxine was less than the lower reference limit, and that of thyroid-stimulating hormone was greater than the upper reference limit. Findings were consistent with a diagnosis of clinical hypothyroidism in a skeletally immature dog. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was discontinued. The dog was reevaluated 3 weeks later, at which time the neck masses were markedly decreased in size. Serum concentrations of cholesterol and potassium were lower; serum concentrations of total thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone were near or within respective reference ranges. Age-appropriate increases in serum phosphorus concentration and serum alkaline phosphatase activity were also detected. CLINICAL RELEVANCE To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of antimicrobial-induced goiter in a dog. Cytologic examination of fine-needle aspirates and interpretation of data from serum biochemical and thyroid function analyses were needed to obtain a definitive diagnosis. Practitioners should include goiter among the differential diagnoses for ventral neck swellings in young dogs receiving potentiated sulfonamide antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davis M Seelig
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Buur J, Baynes R, Smith G, Riviere J. Use of probabilistic modeling within a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to predict sulfamethazine residue withdrawal times in edible tissues in swine. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50:2344-51. [PMID: 16801411 PMCID: PMC1489760 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01355-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of antimicrobial agents in edible tissues of food-producing animals remains a major public health concern. Probabilistic modeling techniques incorporated into a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model were used to predict the amounts of sulfamethazine residues in edible tissues in swine. A PBPK model for sulfamethazine in swine was adapted to include an oral dosing route. The distributions for sensitive parameters were determined and were used in a Monte Carlo analysis to predict tissue residue times. Validation of the distributions was done by comparison of the results of a Monte Carlo analysis to those obtained with an external data set from the literature and an in vivo pilot study. The model was used to predict the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval of the 99th percentile of the population, as recommended by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The external data set was used to calculate the withdrawal time by using the tolerance limit algorithm designed by FDA. The withdrawal times obtained by both methods were compared to the labeled withdrawal time for the same dose. The Monte Carlo method predicted a withdrawal time of 21 days, based on the amounts of residues in the kidneys. The tolerance limit method applied to the time-limited data set predicted a withdrawal time of 12 days. The existing FDA label withdrawal time is 15 days. PBPK models can incorporate probabilistic modeling techniques that make them useful for prediction of tissue residue times. These models can be used to calculate the parameters required by FDA and explore those conditions where the established withdrawal time may not be sufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Buur
- Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank, Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, NC 27606, USA.
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Messina M, Redmond G. Effects of soy protein and soybean isoflavones on thyroid function in healthy adults and hypothyroid patients: a review of the relevant literature. Thyroid 2006; 16:249-58. [PMID: 16571087 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2006.16.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Soy foods are a traditional staple of Asian diets but because of their purported health benefits they have become popular in recent years among non-Asians, especially postmenopausal women. There are many bioactive soybean components that may contribute to the hypothesized health benefits of soy but most attention has focused on the isoflavones, which have both hormonal and nonhormonal properties. However, despite the possible benefits concerns have been expressed that soy may be contraindicated for some subsets of the population. One concern is that soy may adversely affect thyroid function and interfere with the absorption of synthetic thyroid hormone. Thus, the purpose of this review is to evaluate the relevant literature and provide the clinician guidance for advising their patients about the effects of soy on thyroid function. In total, 14 trials (thyroid function was not the primary health outcome in any trial) were identified in which the effects of soy foods or isoflavones on at least one measure of thyroid function was assessed in presumably healthy subjects; eight involved women only, four involved men, and two both men and women. With only one exception, either no effects or only very modest changes were noted in these trials. Thus, collectively the findings provide little evidence that in euthyroid, iodine-replete individuals, soy foods, or isoflavones adversely affect thyroid function. In contrast, some evidence suggests that soy foods, by inhibiting absorption, may increase the dose of thyroid hormone required by hypothyroid patients. However, hypothyroid adults need not avoid soy foods. In addition, there remains a theoretical concern based on in vitro and animal data that in individuals with compromised thyroid function and/or whose iodine intake is marginal soy foods may increase risk of developing clinical hypothyroidism. Therefore, it is important for soy food consumers to make sure their intake of iodine is adequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Messina
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, California, USA.
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Calcium administration decreases thyroid functioning in middle-aged female rats. ARCH BIOL SCI 2006. [DOI: 10.2298/abs060431ps] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Woodward KN. Veterinary pharmacovigilance. Part 6. Predictability of adverse reactions in animals from laboratory toxicology studies. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2005; 28:213-31. [PMID: 15842309 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2005.00650.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Toxicological studies are conducted on constituents of veterinary medicinal products for a number of reasons. Aside from being a requirement of legislation, they are carried out for predictive purposes in the assessment of user safety or for the determination of consumer safety, for example, in the elaboration of maximum residue limits or tolerances. Alternatively, the results of toxicology studies may be available as they have been generated for registration of the drug for human medicinal purposes. This paper examines if the results of such studies have any predictive value for adverse reactions, which might occur during clinical use in animals. A number of adverse reactions, notably the Type A (toxicology or pharmacology dependent) should be predictable from these laboratory studies. However, as with human pharmaceutical products, they have less utility in predicting Type-B reactions (idiosyncratic in nature).
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Grant GA, Frison SL, Sporns P. A sensitive method for detection of sulfamethazine and N4-acetylsulfamethazine residues in environmental samples using solid phase immunoextraction coupled with MALDI-TOF MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2003; 51:5367-5375. [PMID: 12926885 DOI: 10.1021/jf0343231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Sulfamethazine (SMT) and its major metabolite, N(4)-acetylsulfamethazine (NA-SMT), were each recovered from spiked water (0.1 ppb) and 10% (w/v) aqueous suspensions of soil (1 ppb) or composted manure (1 ppb), by using a three-stage solid phase immunoextraction (SPIE) system, followed by detection with matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Sulfonamide recovery rates are reported for separate stages of the SPIE system and for trace-level sulfonamide SPIE extraction from the environmental samples. SPIE MALDI-TOF MS is a rapid and definitive technique with potentially better efficiency relative to other established trace-level sulfonamide analytical methods. SPIE MALDI-TOF MS required 1.5 h per batch (8-24 samples/batch) for sample enrichment, 5 min per batch for probe preparation, and 5 min per sample to acquire and process the spectrum. This is the first time MALDI-TOF MS has been reported as a potential means of detecting trace-level drug residues in complex environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Grant
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
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Bruce B, Messina M, Spiller GA. Isoflavone supplements do not affect thyroid function in iodine-replete postmenopausal women. J Med Food 2003; 6:309-16. [PMID: 14977438 DOI: 10.1089/109662003772519859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the safety review conducted by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in the process of awarding a health claim for the cholesterol-lowering properties of soy protein, concerns about the possible goitrogenic effects of soybean isoflavones persist. Concerns are based primarily on in vitro research, animal studies, and older reports of goiter in infants fed soy formula not fortified with iodine. In a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study, we investigated the effect on thyroid function of a daily supplement containing 90 mg (aglycone weight) of total isoflavones/day versus placebo in 38 postmenopausal women, 64-83 years old, not on hormone replacement therapy. Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4), and triiodothyronine (T3) were measured at baseline and after 90 and 180 days. In the supplement group, at baseline and 6 months, TSH (micro U/ml), T4 (nM), and T3 (nM) levels (mean +/- SE) were 3.00 +/- 0.44, 149.00 +/- 5.04, and 1.53 +/- 0.13, respectively, and 3.49 +/- 0.52, 154.52 +/- 2.09, and 1.78 +/- 0.12, respectively. In the control group, levels at baseline and at 6 months were 3.35 +/- 0.51, 145.39 +/- 6.69, and 1.55 +/- 0.18, respectively, and 3.63 +/- 0.57, 153.77 +/- 6.64, and 1.75 +/- 0.10, respectively. Intragroup differences for all three measures were statistically indistinguishable at 6 months, and levels were similar between the isoflavone supplement and placebo groups at each measurement. These results indicate that in this group of healthy iodine-replete subjects, soy isoflavones do not adversely affect thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie Bruce
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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Doerge DR, Chang HC. Inactivation of thyroid peroxidase by soy isoflavones, in vitro and in vivo. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2002; 777:269-79. [PMID: 12270219 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(02)00214-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Soy-containing foods and dietary supplements are widely consumed for putative health benefits (e.g. cancer chemoprevention, beneficial effects on serum lipids associated with cardiovascular health, reduction of osteoporosis, relief of menopausal symptoms). However, studies of soy isoflavones in experimental animals suggest possible adverse effects as well (e.g. enhancement of reproductive organ cancer, modulation of endocrine function, anti-thyroid effects). This paper reviews the evidence in humans and animals for anti-thyroid effects of soy and its principal isoflavones, genistein and daidzein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Doerge
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
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