1
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Anselmi M, Baiula M, Spampinato S, Artali R, He T, Gentilucci L. Design and Pharmacological Characterization of α 4β 1 Integrin Cyclopeptide Agonists: Computational Investigation of Ligand Determinants for Agonism versus Antagonism. J Med Chem 2023; 66:5021-5040. [PMID: 36976921 PMCID: PMC10108353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c02098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
α4β1 integrin is a cell adhesion receptor deeply involved in the migration and accumulation of leukocytes. Therefore, integrin antagonists that inhibit leukocytes recruitment are currently regarded as a therapeutic opportunity for the treatment of inflammatory disorder, including leukocyte-related autoimmune diseases. Recently, it has been suggested that integrin agonists capable to prevent the release of adherent leukocytes might serve as therapeutic agents as well. However, very few α4β1 integrin agonists have been discovered so far, thus precluding the investigation of their potential therapeutic efficacy. In this perspective, we synthesized cyclopeptides containing the LDV recognition motif found in the native ligand fibronectin. This approach led to the discovery of potent agonists capable to increase the adhesion of α4 integrin-expressing cells. Conformational and quantum mechanics computations predicted distinct ligand-receptor interactions for antagonists or agonists, plausibly referable to receptor inhibition or activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Anselmi
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Baiula
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Santi Spampinato
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Tingting He
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Gentilucci
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Health Sciences & Technologies (HST) CIRI, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy
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2
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Cuevas F, Saavedra CJ, Romero‐Estudillo I, Boto A, Ordóñez M, Vergara I. Structural Diversity using Hyp
“Customizable Units”
:
Proof‐of‐Concept
Synthesis of Sansalvamide‐Related Antitumoral Peptides. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Cuevas
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Av. Universidad 1001 Cuernavaca Morelos 62209 México
| | - Carlos J. Saavedra
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del CSIC Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3 38206- La Laguna Tenerife Spain
- BIOSIGMA SL c/Antonio Dominguez Afonso 16 38003- S/C Tenerife Spain
| | - Ivan Romero‐Estudillo
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Av. Universidad 1001 Cuernavaca Morelos 62209 México
- Catedrático CONACYT-CIQ-UAEM México
| | - Alicia Boto
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del CSIC Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3 38206- La Laguna Tenerife Spain
| | - Mario Ordóñez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Av. Universidad 1001 Cuernavaca Morelos 62209 México
| | - Irene Vergara
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas Universidad de las Américas Puebla, ExHda Sta. Catarina Mártir s/n San Andrés Cholula Puebla 72820 México
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3
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Jwad R, Weissberger D, Hunter L. Strategies for Fine-Tuning the Conformations of Cyclic Peptides. Chem Rev 2020; 120:9743-9789. [PMID: 32786420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic peptides are promising scaffolds for drug development, attributable in part to their increased conformational order compared to linear peptides. However, when optimizing the target-binding or pharmacokinetic properties of cyclic peptides, it is frequently necessary to "fine-tune" their conformations, e.g., by imposing greater rigidity, by subtly altering certain side chain vectors, or by adjusting the global shape of the macrocycle. This review systematically examines the various types of structural modifications that can be made to cyclic peptides in order to achieve such conformational control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Jwad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Daniel Weissberger
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Luke Hunter
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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4
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Hamdan F, Bigdeli Z, Asghari SM, Sadremomtaz A, Balalaie S. Synthesis of Modified RGD-Based Peptides and Their in vitro Activity. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:282-288. [PMID: 30506622 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptides represent the most outstanding recognition motif involved in cell adhesion that binds to the αv β3 integrin, which has been targeted for cancer therapy. Various RGD-containing peptides and peptidomimetics have been designed and synthesized to selectively inhibit this integrin. In this study, the synthesis of RGD-based peptides through the incorporation of the short bioactive peptide Phe-Ala-Lys-Leu-Phe (FAKLF) at the C and N termini of RGD has been achieved by using a solid-phase peptide synthesis approach. The peptides were purified by means of preparative RP-HPLC and their structures were confirmed through HRMS (ESI). The MTT assay revealed that the RGD and FAKLF peptides inhibited the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 3000 and 500 ng mL-1 , respectively. Interestingly, a drastic improvement was observed in the antiproliferative activity of the combined structures of the FAKLFRGD and RGDFAKLF peptides, leading to IC50 values of 200 and 136.7 ng mL-1 , respectively. Meanwhile, based on apoptosis results, the potential of peptides to induce apoptosis, in accordance with their antiproliferative activity, indicated that the RGD and FAKLF peptides, and the peptides synthesized based on their combinations induced cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner followed by inhibition of the proliferation of endothelial cells. Moreover, the incorporation of d-leucine increased the induction of apoptosis by these peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Hamdan
- Peptide Chemistry Research Center, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Bigdeli
- Peptide Chemistry Research Center, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Mohsen Asghari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Sadremomtaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Saeed Balalaie
- Peptide Chemistry Research Center, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran, Iran.,Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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5
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Jobin S, Beaumont C, Biron E. Development of a solid-phase traceless-Ugi multicomponent reaction for backbone anchoring and cyclic peptide synthesis. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Jobin
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine; Québec G1V 0A6 Canada
- Laboratoire de Chimie Médicinale, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, 2705 Boulevard Laurier; Québec G1V 4G2 Canada
| | - Catherine Beaumont
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine; Québec G1V 0A6 Canada
- Laboratoire de Chimie Médicinale, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, 2705 Boulevard Laurier; Québec G1V 4G2 Canada
| | - Eric Biron
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine; Québec G1V 0A6 Canada
- Laboratoire de Chimie Médicinale, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, 2705 Boulevard Laurier; Québec G1V 4G2 Canada
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6
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Hamdan F, Bigdeli Z, Balalaie S, Sewald N, Michalek C. Efficient synthesis of novel RGD based peptides and the conjugation of the pyrazine moiety to their N-terminus. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04874f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel RGD based peptides (RGDFAKLF and RGDNGRG) were designed and synthesized and were later coupled to the pyrazine moiety at the N-terminus. The IC50 values from the in vitro study of the target peptides using a cell adhesion assay indicated the essential impact of the existence of the pyrazine moiety. Meanwhile, peptide 4 exhibited the best IC50 value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Hamdan
- Peptide Chemistry Research Center
- K. N. Toosi University of Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Zahra Bigdeli
- Peptide Chemistry Research Center
- K. N. Toosi University of Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Saeed Balalaie
- Peptide Chemistry Research Center
- K. N. Toosi University of Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Bielefeld University
- D-33615 Bielefeld
- Germany
| | - Carmela Michalek
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Bielefeld University
- D-33615 Bielefeld
- Germany
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7
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Paissoni C, Nardelli F, Zanella S, Curnis F, Belvisi L, Musco G, Ghitti M. A critical assessment of force field accuracy against NMR data for cyclic peptides containing β-amino acids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:15807-15816. [PMID: 29845162 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00234g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid cyclic α/β-peptides, in which one or more β-amino acids are incorporated into the backbone, are gaining increasing interest as potential therapeutics, thanks to their ability to achieve enhanced binding affinities for a biological target through pre-organization in solution. The in silico prediction of their three dimensional structure through strategies such as MD simulations would substantially advance the rational design process. However, whether the molecular mechanics force fields are accurate in sampling highly constrained cyclopeptides containing β-amino acids remains to be verified. Here, we present a systematic assessment of the ability of 8 widely used force fields to reproduce 79 NMR observables (including chemical shifts and 3J scalar couplings) on five cyclic α/β-peptides that contain the integrin recognition motif isoDGR. Most of the investigated force fields, which include force fields from AMBER, OPLS, CHARMM and GROMOS families, display very good agreement with experimental 3J(HN,Hα), suggesting that MD simulations could be an appropriate tool in the rational design of therapeutic cyclic α-peptides. However, for NMR observables directly related to β-amino acids, we observed a poor agreement with experiments and a remarkable dependence of our evaluation on the choice of Karplus parameters. The force field weaknesses herein unveiled might constitute a source of inspiration for further force field optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Paissoni
- Biomolecular NMR Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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8
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Nardelli F, Paissoni C, Quilici G, Gori A, Traversari C, Valentinis B, Sacchi A, Corti A, Curnis F, Ghitti M, Musco G. Succinimide-Based Conjugates Improve IsoDGR Cyclopeptide Affinity to α vβ 3 without Promoting Integrin Allosteric Activation. J Med Chem 2018; 61:7474-7485. [PMID: 29883545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The isoDGR sequence is an integrin-binding motif that has been successfully employed as a tumor-vasculature-homing molecule or for the targeted delivery of drugs and diagnostic agents to tumors. In this context, we previously demonstrated that cyclopeptide 2, the product of the conjugation of c(CGisoDGRG) (1) to 4-( N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxamide, can be successfully used as a tumor-homing ligand for nanodrug delivery to neoplastic tissues. Here, combining NMR, computational, and biochemical methods, we show that the succinimide ring contained in 2 contributes to stabilizing interactions with αvβ3, an integrin overexpressed in the tumor vasculature. Furthermore, we demonstrate that various cyclopeptides containing the isoDGR sequence embedded in different molecular scaffolds do not induce αvβ3 allosteric activation and work as pure integrin antagonists. These results could be profitably exploited for the rational design of novel isoDGR-based ligands and tumor-targeting molecules with improved αvβ3-binding properties and devoid of adverse integrin-activating effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Paissoni
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele , Via Olgettina 60 , 20132 Milan , Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Golgi 19 , 20133 Milan , Italy
| | - Giacomo Quilici
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele , Via Olgettina 60 , 20132 Milan , Italy
| | - Alessandro Gori
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR , Via Mario Bianco 9 , 20131 Milan , Italy
| | | | | | - Angelina Sacchi
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele , Via Olgettina 60 , 20132 Milan , Italy
| | - Angelo Corti
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele , Via Olgettina 60 , 20132 Milan , Italy
| | - Flavio Curnis
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele , Via Olgettina 60 , 20132 Milan , Italy
| | - Michela Ghitti
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele , Via Olgettina 60 , 20132 Milan , Italy
| | - Giovanna Musco
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele , Via Olgettina 60 , 20132 Milan , Italy
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9
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Verma H, Khatri B, Chakraborti S, Chatterjee J. Increasing the bioactive space of peptide macrocycles by thioamide substitution. Chem Sci 2018; 9:2443-2451. [PMID: 29732120 PMCID: PMC5909342 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04671e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that substituting a single atom, O to S (amide to thioamide), in a peptide bond results in global restriction of the conformational flexibility in peptide macrocycles with minimal perturbation of the parent conformation. The van der Waals interactions between the C 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 1111111111111111111111111111111111 1111111111111111111111111111111111 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 1111111111111111111111111111111111 1111111111111111111111111111111111 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 S group and the surrounding atoms are the major driving force in inducing the conformational restriction, resulting in well-defined structures of these cyclic peptides with static 3-D presentation of the pharmacophores. Utilizing this property of thioamides, we report the development of a superactive antagonist of pro-angiogenic αvβ3, αvβ5 and α5β1 integrins, which are responsible for cancer cell proliferation and survival. Using simple thio-scanning and spatial screening of a non-efficacious and conformationally flexible cyclic peptide, we could achieve a more than 105 fold enhancement in its efficacy in cellulo via a single O to S substitution. The developed peptide shows better efficacy in inhibiting the pro-angiogenic integrins than the drug candidate cilengitide, with a significantly enhanced serum half-life of 36 h compared to that of cilengitide (12 h). The long shelf-life, absence of non-specific toxicity and resistance to degradation of the thioamidated macrocyclic peptides in human serum suggest the promise of thioamides in markedly improving the affinity, efficacy and pharmacology of peptide macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Verma
- Molecular Biophysics Unit , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012 , India .
| | - Bhavesh Khatri
- Molecular Biophysics Unit , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012 , India .
| | - Sohini Chakraborti
- Molecular Biophysics Unit , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012 , India .
| | - Jayanta Chatterjee
- Molecular Biophysics Unit , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012 , India . .,NMR Research Centre , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012 , India
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10
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Kapp TG, Rechenmacher F, Neubauer S, Maltsev OV, Cavalcanti-Adam EA, Zarka R, Reuning U, Notni J, Wester HJ, Mas-Moruno C, Spatz J, Geiger B, Kessler H. A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Activity and Selectivity Profile of Ligands for RGD-binding Integrins. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39805. [PMID: 28074920 PMCID: PMC5225454 DOI: 10.1038/srep39805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins, a diverse class of heterodimeric cell surface receptors, are key regulators of cell structure and behaviour, affecting cell morphology, proliferation, survival and differentiation. Consequently, mutations in specific integrins, or their deregulated expression, are associated with a variety of diseases. In the last decades, many integrin-specific ligands have been developed and used for modulation of integrin function in medical as well as biophysical studies. The IC50-values reported for these ligands strongly vary and are measured using different cell-based and cell-free systems. A systematic comparison of these values is of high importance for selecting the optimal ligands for given applications. In this study, we evaluate a wide range of ligands for their binding affinity towards the RGD-binding integrins αvβ3, αvβ5, αvβ6, αvβ8, α5β1, αIIbβ3, using homogenous ELISA-like solid phase binding assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias G Kapp
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Florian Rechenmacher
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Stefanie Neubauer
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Oleg V Maltsev
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Elisabetta A Cavalcanti-Adam
- Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, Department of Biointerface Science and Technology, Heidelberg, Postal address: Heisenbergstr. 3, 70 569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Revital Zarka
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ute Reuning
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics &Gynecology, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Notni
- Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Carlos Mas-Moruno
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, and Centre for Research in NanoEngineering (CRNE), Technical University of Catalonia, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joachim Spatz
- Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, Department of Biointerface Science and Technology, Heidelberg, Postal address: Heisenbergstr. 3, 70 569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Benjamin Geiger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Horst Kessler
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
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11
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Paissoni C, Ghitti M, Belvisi L, Spitaleri A, Musco G. Metadynamics Simulations Rationalise the Conformational Effects Induced by
N
‐Methylation of RGD Cyclic Hexapeptides. Chemistry 2015; 21:14165-70. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Paissoni
- Biomolecular NMR Unit, Ospedale S. Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan (Italy)
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan (Italy)
| | - Michela Ghitti
- Biomolecular NMR Unit, Ospedale S. Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan (Italy)
| | - Laura Belvisi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan (Italy)
| | - Andrea Spitaleri
- Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa (Italy)
| | - Giovanna Musco
- Biomolecular NMR Unit, Ospedale S. Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan (Italy)
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12
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Mendive-Tapia L, Preciado S, García J, Ramón R, Kielland N, Albericio F, Lavilla R. New peptide architectures through C-H activation stapling between tryptophan-phenylalanine/tyrosine residues. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7160. [PMID: 25994485 PMCID: PMC4455059 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural peptides show high degrees of specificity in their biological action. However, their therapeutical profile is severely limited by their conformational freedom and metabolic instability. Stapled peptides constitute a solution to these problems and access to these structures lies on a limited number of reactions involving the use of non-natural amino acids. Here, we describe a synthetic strategy for the preparation of unique constrained peptides featuring a covalent bond between tryptophan and phenylalanine or tyrosine residues. The preparation of such peptides is achieved in solution and on solid phase directly from the corresponding sequences having an iodo-aryl amino acid through an intramolecular palladium-catalysed C–H activation process. Moreover, complex topologies arise from the internal stapling of cyclopeptides and double intramolecular arylations within a linear peptide. Finally, as a proof of principle, we report the application to this new stapling method to relevant biologically active compounds. Macrocyclic, constrained peptides show promise in therapeutic applications due to the stable and defined conformations that can be produced. Here, the authors report a method to form macrocyclic peptides through C–H activation on tryptophan and coupling with iodo-substituted aryl amino acids
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Mendive-Tapia
- 1] Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain [2] Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain [3] CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine
| | - Sara Preciado
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús García
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosario Ramón
- Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicola Kielland
- Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Albericio
- 1] Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain [2] Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain [3] CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine [4] School of Chemistry, Yachay Tech, Yachay City of Knowledge, 100119 Urcuqui, Ecuador
| | - Rodolfo Lavilla
- 1] Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain [2] Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXII s.n., 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Yudin AK. Macrocycles: lessons from the distant past, recent developments, and future directions. Chem Sci 2015; 6:30-49. [PMID: 28553456 PMCID: PMC5424464 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc03089c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A noticeable increase in molecular complexity of drug targets has created an unmet need in the therapeutic agents that are larger than traditional small molecules. Macrocycles, which are cyclic compounds comprising 12 atoms or more, are now recognized as molecules that "are up to the task" to interrogate extended protein interfaces. However, because macrocycles (particularly the ones based on peptides) are equipped with large polar surface areas, achieving cellular permeability and bioavailability is anything but straightforward. While one might consider this to be the Achilles' heel of this class of compounds, the synthetic community continues to develop creative approaches toward the synthesis of macrocycles and their site-selective modification. This perspective provides an overview of both mechanistic and structural issues that bear on macrocycles as a unique class of molecules. The reader is offered a historical foray into some of the classic studies that have resulted in the current renaissance of macrocycles. In addition, an attempt is made to overview the more recent developments that give hope that macrocycles might indeed turn into a useful therapeutic modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei K Yudin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada . ; Blog: http://www.amphoteros.com
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14
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Ruiz-Rodríguez J, Miguel M, Preciado S, Acosta GA, Adan J, Bidon-Chanal A, Luque FJ, Mitjans F, Lavilla R, Albericio F. Polythiazole linkers as functional rigid connectors: a new RGD cyclopeptide with enhanced integrin selectivity. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc00572d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Chen S, Gfeller D, Buth SA, Michielin O, Leiman PG, Heinis C. Improving binding affinity and stability of peptide ligands by substituting glycines with D-amino acids. Chembiochem 2013; 14:1316-22. [PMID: 23828687 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Improving the binding affinity and/or stability of peptide ligands often requires testing of large numbers of variants to identify beneficial mutations. Herein we propose a type of mutation that promises a high success rate. In a bicyclic peptide inhibitor of the cancer-related protease urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), we observed a glycine residue that has a positive ϕ dihedral angle when bound to the target. We hypothesized that replacing it with a D-amino acid, which favors positive ϕ angles, could enhance the binding affinity and/or proteolytic resistance. Mutation of this specific glycine to D-serine in the bicyclic peptide indeed improved inhibitory activity (1.75-fold) and stability (fourfold). X-ray-structure analysis of the inhibitors in complex with uPA showed that the peptide backbone conformation was conserved. Analysis of known cyclic peptide ligands showed that glycine is one of the most frequent amino acids, and that glycines with positive ϕ angles are found in many protein-bound peptides. These results suggest that the glycine-to-D-amino acid mutagenesis strategy could be broadly applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Chen
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, BCH 5305 (Batochime), Avenue Forel 2, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Laitinen I, Notni J, Pohle K, Rudelius M, Farrell E, Nekolla SG, Henriksen G, Neubauer S, Kessler H, Wester HJ, Schwaiger M. Comparison of cyclic RGD peptides for αvβ3 integrin detection in a rat model of myocardial infarction. EJNMMI Res 2013; 3:38. [PMID: 23663426 PMCID: PMC3658936 DOI: 10.1186/2191-219x-3-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Expression of αvβ3 integrin is increased after myocardial infarction as part of the repair process. Increased expression of αvβ3 has been shown by molecular imaging with 18F-galacto-RGD in a rat model. The 68Ga-labelled RGD compounds 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD and 68Ga-TRAP(RGD)3 have high specificity and affinity, and may therefore serve as alternatives of 18F-galacto-RGD for integrin imaging. Methods Left coronary artery ligation was performed in rats. After 1 week, rats were imaged with [13N]NH3, followed by 18F-galacto-RGD, 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD or 68Ga-TRAP(RGD)3 using a dedicated animal PET/CT device. Rats were killed, and the activity in tissues was measured by gamma counting. The heart was sectioned for autoradiography and histology. Immunohistochemistry was performed on consecutive sections using CD31 for the endothelial cells and CD61 for β3 expression (as part of the αvβ3 receptor). Results In vivo imaging showed focal RGD uptake in the hypoperfused area of infarcted myocardium as defined with [13N]NH3 scan. In autoradiography images, augmented uptake of all RGD tracers was observed within the infarct area as verified by the HE staining. The tracer uptake ratios (infarct vs. remote) were 4.7 ± 0.8 for 18F-galacto-RGD, 5.2 ± 0.8 for 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD, and 4.1 ± 0.7 for 68Ga-TRAP(RGD)3. The 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD ratio was higher compared to 68Ga-TRAP(RGD)3 (p = 0.04), but neither of the 68Ga tracers differed from 18F-galacto-RGD (p > 0.05). The area of augmented 68Ga-RGD uptake was associated with β3 integrin expression (CD61). Conclusion 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD and 68Ga-TRAP(RGD)3 uptake was equally increased in the infarct area at 1 week post infarction as 18F-galacto-RGD. These results show the potential of 68Ga-labelled RGD peptides to monitor integrin expression as a part of myocardial repair and angiogenesis after ischaemic injury in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iina Laitinen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, Munich 81675, Germany.
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Bochen A, Marelli UK, Otto E, Pallarola D, Mas-Moruno C, Di Leva FS, Boehm H, Spatz JP, Novellino E, Kessler H, Marinelli L. Biselectivity of isoDGR peptides for fibronectin binding integrin subtypes α5β1 and αvβ6: conformational control through flanking amino acids. J Med Chem 2013; 56:1509-19. [PMID: 23362923 DOI: 10.1021/jm301221x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are the major class of cell adhesion proteins. Their interaction with different ligands of the extracellular matrix is diverse. To get more insight into these interactions, artificial ligands endowed with a well-defined activity/selectivity profile are necessary. Herein, we present a library of cyclic pentapeptides, based on our previously reported peptide motif c(-phg-isoDGR-X-), in which high activity toward fibronectin binding integrins α5β1 and αvβ6 and not on vitronectin binding integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5 has been achieved by changing the flanking amino acids. The structure of the most promising candidates has been determined using a combined approach of NMR, distance geometry, and molecular dynamics simulations, and docking studies have been further used to elucidate the peptide-integrin interactions at the molecular level. The peptides' binding affinity has been characterized by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay experiments, and the results have been verified by cell adhesion experiments on specifically functionalized surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bochen
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center of Integrated Protein Science, Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
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Gersthagen T, Hofmann J, Klärner FG, Schmuck C, Schrader T. Ditopic Arginine-Aspartate Binders Recognize RGD Loops. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Pehere AD, Sumby CJ, Abell AD. New cylindrical peptide assemblies defined by extended parallel β-sheets. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:425-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26637g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chatterjee J, Rechenmacher F, Kessler H. N-methylation of peptides and proteins: an important element for modulating biological functions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 52:254-69. [PMID: 23161799 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201205674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
N-Methylation is one of the simplest chemical modifications often occurring in peptides and proteins of prokaryotes and higher eukaryotes. Over years of evolution, nature has employed N-methylation of peptides as an ingenious technique to modulate biological function, often as a mode of survival through the production of antibiotics. This small structural change can not only mobilize large protein complexes (as in the histone methylation), but also inhibits the action of enzymes by selective recognition of protein-protein interaction surfaces. In recent years through the advancement in synthetic approaches, the potential of N-methylation has begun to be revealed, not only in modulating biological activity and selectivity as well as pharmacokinetic properties of peptides, but also in delivering novel drugs. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge of the versatility of N-methylation in modulating biological, structural, and pharmacokinetic properties of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Chatterjee
- Genome biology unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
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Chatterjee J, Rechenmacher F, Kessler H. N-Methylierung von Peptiden und Proteinen: ein wichtiges Element für die Regulation biologischer Funktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201205674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Riches AG, Cablewski T, Glattauer V, Thissen H, Meagher L. Scalable synthesis of an integrin-binding peptide mimetic for biomedical applications. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Hovlid ML, Steinmetz NF, Laufer B, Lau JL, Kuzelka J, Wang Q, Hyypiä T, Nemerow GR, Kessler H, Manchester M, Finn MG. Guiding plant virus particles to integrin-displaying cells. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:3698-705. [PMID: 22585108 PMCID: PMC3567620 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr30571b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Viral nanoparticles (VNPs) are structurally regular, highly stable, tunable nanomaterials that can be conveniently produced in high yields. Unmodified VNPs from plants and bacteria generally do not show tissue specificity or high selectivity in binding to or entry into mammalian cells. They are, however, malleable by both genetic and chemical means, making them useful scaffolds for the display of large numbers of cell- and tissue-targeting ligands, imaging moieties, and/or therapeutic agents in a well-defined manner. Capitalizing on this attribute, we modified the genetic sequence of the Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) coat protein to display an RGD oligopeptide sequence derived from human adenovirus type 2 (HAdV-2). Concurrently, wild-type CPMV was modified via NHS acylation and Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) chemistry to attach an integrin-binding cyclic RGD peptide. Both types of particles showed strong and selective affinity for several different cancer cell lines that express RGD-binding integrin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa L Hovlid
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Abstract
New peptidic templates constrained into a β-strand geometry by linking acetylene and azide containing P(1) and P(3) residues of a tripeptide by Huisgen cycloaddition are presented. The conformations of the macrocycles are defined by NMR studies and those that best define a β-strand are shown to be potent inhibitors of the protease calpain. The β-strand templates presented and defined here are prepared under optimized conditions that should be suitable for targeting a range of proteases and other applications requiring such a geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok D Pehere
- School of Chemistry & Physics, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
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Conradi J, Huber S, Gaus K, Mertink F, Royo Gracia S, Strijowski U, Backert S, Sewald N. Cyclic RGD peptides interfere with binding of the Helicobacter pylori protein CagL to integrins αVβ3 and α5β1. Amino Acids 2011; 43:219-32. [PMID: 21915696 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The human pathogen Helicobacter pylori that may cause different gastric diseases exploits integrins for infection of gastric cells. The H. pylori protein CagL present on the outer region of the type IV secretion pilus contains an RGD sequence (-Arg-Gly-Asp-) that enables binding to cells presenting integrins α5β1 and αVβ3. This interaction can be inhibited with conformationally designed cyclic RGD peptides derived from the CagL epitope -Ala-Leu-Arg-Gly-Asp-Leu-Ala-. The inhibition of the CagL-αVβ3 interaction by different RGD peptides strongly suggests the importance of the RGD motif for CagL binding. CagL point mutants (RAD, RGA) show decreased affinity to integrin αVβ3. Furthermore, structure-activity relationship studies with cyclic RGD peptides in a spatial screening approach show the distinct influence of the three-dimensional arrangement of RGD motif on the ability to interfere with this interaction. Resulting from these studies, similar structural requirements for the CagL epitope as previously suggested for other ligands of integrin αVβ3 are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Conradi
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, PO Box 10 01 31, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
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Frank AO, Otto E, Mas-Moruno C, Schiller HB, Marinelli L, Cosconati S, Bochen A, Vossmeyer D, Zahn G, Stragies R, Novellino E, Kessler H. Conformational control of integrin-subtype selectivity in isoDGR peptide motifs: a biological switch. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 49:9278-81. [PMID: 20957712 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201004363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas O Frank
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Department Chemie, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
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Memeo MG, Bovio B, Quadrelli P. RuO4-catalyzed oxidation reactions of isoxazolino-2-azanorbornane derivatives: a short-cut synthesis of tricyclic lactams and peptidomimetic γ-amino acids. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Nefzi A, Fenwick JE. N-terminus 4-Chloromethyl Thiazole Peptide as a Macrocyclization Tool in the Synthesis of Cyclic Peptides: Application to the Synthesis of Conformationally Constrained RGD-Containing Integrin Ligands. Tetrahedron Lett 2011; 52:817-819. [PMID: 21423849 PMCID: PMC3057379 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of conformationally constrained RGD-containing integrin ligands via an efficient solid-phase intramolecular thioalkylation reaction is described. The reaction of S-nucleophiles with newly generated N-terminal 4-chloromethyl thiazoles leads to the desired cyclic RGD products 5 in high purities and good overall yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Nefzi
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987
| | - Jason E. Fenwick
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987
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Frank AO, Otto E, Mas-Moruno C, Schiller HB, Marinelli L, Cosconati S, Bochen A, Vossmeyer D, Zahn G, Stragies R, Novellino E, Kessler H. Konformative Kontrolle über Integrin-Subtyp-Selektivitäten in isoDGR-Peptidmotiven: ein biologischer Schalter. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201004363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Ovadia O, Greenberg S, Laufer B, Gilon C, Hoffman A, Kessler H. Improvement of drug-like properties of peptides: the somatostatin paradigm. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2010; 5:655-71. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2010.493935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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31
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Laufer B, Frank A, Chatterjee J, Neubauer T, Mas-Moruno C, Kummerlöwe G, Kessler H. The Impact of Amino Acid Side Chain Mutations in Conformational Design of Peptides and Proteins. Chemistry 2010; 16:5385-90. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Maschauer S, Einsiedel J, Haubner R, Hocke C, Ocker M, Hübner H, Kuwert T, Gmeiner P, Prante O. Markierung und Glycosylierung von Peptiden mithilfe der Klick-Chemie: ein allgemeiner Ansatz zur Synthese von18F-Glycopeptiden, leistungsstarken Tracern für die Positronenemissionstomographie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200904137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Maschauer S, Einsiedel J, Haubner R, Hocke C, Ocker M, Hübner H, Kuwert T, Gmeiner P, Prante O. Labeling and Glycosylation of Peptides Using Click Chemistry: A General Approach to 18F-Glycopeptides as Effective Imaging Probes for Positron Emission Tomography. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 49:976-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200904137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Synthesis of chemically modified bioactive peptides: recent advances, challenges and developments for medicinal chemistry. Future Med Chem 2009; 1:1289-310. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.09.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although not complying with Lipinski’s rule, peptides are to an increasing extent being developed into new active pharmaceutical ingredients. This is mainly due to novel application routes, formulations and chemical modifications, which confer on the peptides improved uptake and increased metabolic stability. A brief survey of currently approved peptide drugs and the present scope of the application of peptides as drugs is provided. Cyclic peptides are emerging as an interesting class of peptides with conformational rigidity and homogeneity, high receptor affinity and selectivity, increased metabolic stability and – in special cases – even oral availability. Challenges and new methodology for the synthesis of cyclic peptides are outlined and an overview of approaches toward the design of peptide conformation and peptide modification by nonproteinogenic building blocks is given.
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Kaufmann D, Fiedler A, Junger A, Auernheimer J, Kessler H, Weberskirch R. Chemical conjugation of linear and cyclic RGD moieties to a recombinant elastin-mimetic polypeptide--a versatile approach towards bioactive protein hydrogels. Macromol Biosci 2009; 8:577-88. [PMID: 18350537 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200700234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
An elastin-mimetic polypeptide, (EMM)(7), with the amino-acid sequence GRDPSS [VPGVG VPGKG VPGVG VPGVG VPGEG VPGIG](7) was used for chemical conjugation of various integrin ligands (RGD peptides) to prepare bioactive hydrogels. The chemical approach involved (1) chemical protection of lysine residues with Fmoc or Boc groups, (2) chemical ligation of a protected linear or cyclic RGD ligand, with or without a hexanoic-acid spacer to the glutamic acid residue, (3) deprotection of the lysine functionalities and the RGD moieties and (4) cross-linking to form a bioactive hydrogel. (1)H NMR spectroscopy was used to quantify the multiple steps in the reaction. The chemical protection was found to be between 65 and 93% for Fmoc and Boc, respectively. The ligands studied included linear RGD cell-binding [H-FGRGDS-OH (1-l-RGD), H-Ahx--FGRGDS-OH (2-Ahx-FGRGDS) and a cyclic -H(2)N-(CH(2))(6)COHN-cyclo(-RGDfK-) (H-Ahx-c(-RGDfK-)) peptide also with a hexanoic-acid spacer. Cell adhesion with mouse osteoblast cells was dependent on the ligand type, ligand density and the use of a spacer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Kaufmann
- TU München, Department Chemie, WACKER Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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Heckmann D, Laufer B, Marinelli L, Limongelli V, Novellino E, Zahn G, Stragies R, Kessler H. Breaking the dogma of the metal-coordinating carboxylate group in integrin ligands: introducing hydroxamic acids to the MIDAS to tune potency and selectivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:4436-40. [PMID: 19343753 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200900206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A suitable substitute: All integrin receptors bind their ligands, which contain an aspartate residue, in the metal-ion- dependent adhesion site (MIDAS). So far all attempts to replace the carboxyl group of aspartate with other, pharmacologically favorable isosteric groups have failed. Now it has been shown that a hydroxamic acid group can replace the carboxyl group; the resulting ligand retains its high binding activity. The picture shows one such ligand in the binding site of alphavbeta3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Heckmann
- Institute for Advanced Study, TU München, Department Chemie, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
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Bruch mit dem Dogma metallkoordinierender Carbonsäuren in Integrinliganden: Änderung von Selektivität und Aktivität durch Hydroxamsäuren als MIDAS-Binder. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200900206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Xu HM, Yin R, Chen L, Siraj S, Huang X, Wang M, Fang H, Wang Y. An RGD-Modified Endostatin-Derived Synthetic Peptide Shows Antitumor Activity in Vivo. Bioconjug Chem 2008; 19:1980-6. [PMID: 18800818 DOI: 10.1021/bc800132p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Mei Xu
- Department of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, and Department of Oral Pathology, Nanjing Stamotology Hospital, Affiliated Medical School, Nanjing University, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Runting Yin
- Department of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, and Department of Oral Pathology, Nanjing Stamotology Hospital, Affiliated Medical School, Nanjing University, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Luosheng Chen
- Department of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, and Department of Oral Pathology, Nanjing Stamotology Hospital, Affiliated Medical School, Nanjing University, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Sami Siraj
- Department of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, and Department of Oral Pathology, Nanjing Stamotology Hospital, Affiliated Medical School, Nanjing University, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Department of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, and Department of Oral Pathology, Nanjing Stamotology Hospital, Affiliated Medical School, Nanjing University, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, and Department of Oral Pathology, Nanjing Stamotology Hospital, Affiliated Medical School, Nanjing University, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Huisheng Fang
- Department of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, and Department of Oral Pathology, Nanjing Stamotology Hospital, Affiliated Medical School, Nanjing University, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, and Department of Oral Pathology, Nanjing Stamotology Hospital, Affiliated Medical School, Nanjing University, 210008, P. R. China
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Heckmann D, Meyer A, Laufer B, Zahn G, Stragies R, Kessler H. Rational design of highly active and selective ligands for the alpha5beta1 integrin receptor. Chembiochem 2008; 9:1397-407. [PMID: 18481343 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of integrin function is a major challenge in medicinal chemistry. Potent ligands are currently in different stages of clinical trials for the antiangiogenic therapy of cancer and age-related macula degeneration (AMD). The subtype alpha5beta1 has recently been drawn into the focus of research because of its genuine role in angiogenesis. In our previous work we could demonstrate that the lack of structural information about the receptor could be overcome by a homology model based on the X-ray structure of the alphavbeta3 integrin subtype and the sequence similarities between both receptors. In this work, we describe the rational design and synthesis of high affinity alpha5beta1 binders, and the optimisation of selectivity against alphavbeta3 by means of extensive SAR studies and docking experiments. A first series of compounds based on the tyrosine scaffold resulted in affinities in the low and even subnanomolar range and selectivities of 400-fold against alphavbeta3. The insights about the structure-activity relationship gained from tyrosine-based ligands could be successfully transferred to ligands that bear an aza-glycine scaffold to yield alpha5beta1 ligands with affinities of approximately 1 nm and selectivities that exceed 10(4)-fold. The ligands have already been successfully employed as selective alpha5beta1 ligands in biological research and might serve as lead structures for antiangiogenic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Heckmann
- Centre of Integrated Protein Science at the Technical University München, Department of Chemistry, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
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van Berkel SS, Dirks A(TJ, Meeuwissen SA, Pingen DLL, Boerman OC, Laverman P, van Delft FL, Cornelissen JJLM, Rutjes FPJT. Application of Metal‐Free Triazole Formation in the Synthesis of Cyclic RGD–DTPA Conjugates. Chembiochem 2008; 9:1805-15. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Salvati M, Cordero FM, Pisaneschi F, Melani F, Gratteri P, Cini N, Bottoncetti A, Brandi A. Synthesis, SAR and in vitro evaluation of new cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp pseudopentapeptides containing a s-cis peptide bond as integrin αvβ3 and αvβ5 ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:4262-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.02.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Revised: 02/19/2008] [Accepted: 02/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lieleg O, López-García M, Semmrich C, Auernheimer J, Kessler H, Bausch AR. Specific integrin labeling in living cells using functionalized nanocrystals. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2007; 3:1560-5. [PMID: 17705315 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200700148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We present an integrin labeling method using functionalized quantum dots (QDs). Cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptides and a biotin-streptavidin linkage are used to specifically couple individual QDs to integrins of living cells. The spacer distance between the RGD sequence and the QD surface is a crucial parameter to ensure specific binding to individual alpha(v)beta(3) integrins of osteoblast cells. Despite blinking, the position of single QDs is tracked with nanometer precision and localized diffusive behavior is observed. We show that blinking events do not prevent the acquisition of quantitative parameters from the QD trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Lieleg
- Lehrstuhl für Biophysik E22, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
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Abstract
The design and synthesis of peptidic and nonpeptidic integrin ligands derived from the most abundant natural tripeptide sequence, RGD, are described in this article. Special emphasis is placed on the activity and selectivity of the ligands to integrin subtypes. Two approaches are described-ligand- and structure-oriented design. When no structure of the complex or the target is known, one may derive suitable starting points from natural peptide sequences, which often require conformational restriction for a further optimization. A "spatial screening" procedure was used to identify highly active and selective ligands for the integrin subtypes alphavbeta3 and alphaIIbbeta3. Structure-based methods require knowledge of the binding domain of the target. Hence, the first structure of the alphavbeta3 integrin with bound cilengitide was a landmark for the structure-based approach. Meanwhile, a design using homology models of other integrin subtypes has also been successfully applied. To improve the ADME profile, nonpeptidic ligands have been developed using the information of the spatial distances and orientations of the most important pharmacophoric groups (especially the carboxyl group and the basic moiety at the other end of the molecule). Applications of the alphavbeta3 ligands as drugs in antiangiogenic tumor therapy for molecular imaging of metastases and for improvement of biocompatibility of grafts are briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Heckmann
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University München, Garching, Germany
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