1
|
Hewitt KA, Herbert CA, Jarvo ER. Synthesis of Vicinal Carbocycles by Intramolecular Nickel-Catalyzed Conjunctive Cross-Electrophile Coupling Reaction. Org Lett 2022; 24:6093-6098. [PMID: 35926218 PMCID: PMC9396665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A nickel-catalyzed intramolecular conjunctive cross-electrophile
coupling reaction has been established. This method enables the synthesis
of 3,5-vicinal carbocyclic rings found in numerous biologically active
compounds and natural products. We provide mechanistic experiments
that indicate this reaction proceeds through alkyl iodides formed
in situ, initiates at the secondary electrophilic center, and proceeds
through radical intermediates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten A Hewitt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92617, United States
| | - Claire A Herbert
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92617, United States
| | - Elizabeth R Jarvo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92617, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
|
3
|
Deng T, Tian J, Zhu J, Yan B. Reactive separation of β-bromoethylbenzene from α-β-bromoethylbenzene mixtures: a Zn 2+-mediated radical polymerization mechanism. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1219-1222. [PMID: 34985057 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05753g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A Zn2+-induced reactive separation method for the purification of β-bromoethylbenzene from α-β-bromoethylbenzene mixtures is discovered, where the selective decomposition of α-bromoethylbenzene follows a radical mechanism. Zn2+ facilitates the homolysis of the C-Br bond of halohydrocarbons with benzyl bromide, enabling the separation of the corresponding isomers with almost identical physical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Deng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jiaming Tian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Junqiu Zhu
- Shandong Exceris Chemical Co., LTD, Shandong 262714, China
| | - Binhang Yan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun X, Dong X, Yang Y, Fu J, Wang Y, Li Z, Liu Y, Liu H. Palladium-catalyzed cascade 5-exo-trig radical cyclization/aromatic C-H alkylation with unactivated alkyl iodides. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2676-2680. [PMID: 33710245 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00346a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel and convenient palladium-catalyzed cascade 5-exo-trig radical cyclization/aromatic C-H alkylation with unactivated alkyl iodides has been described. This strategy provides an efficient access to a variety of 3a-methyl-1,2,3,3a,4,8b-hexahydroindeno[1,2-b]pyrrole derivatives, which facilitate access to a series of medically important heterocyclic bioactive molecules. This protocol involves mild catalytic reaction conditions and shows high functional group tolerance with high stereoselectivity. Mechanistic investigations reveal that an alkyl radical pathway is involved in this reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo, 255049, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sharma MK, Rottschäfer D, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Danés S, Andrada DM, van Gastel M, Hinz A, Ghadwal RS. Metalloradical Cations and Dications Based on Divinyldiphosphene and Divinyldiarsene Ligands. Chemistry 2021; 27:5803-5809. [PMID: 33470468 PMCID: PMC8048781 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Metalloradicals are key species in synthesis, catalysis, and bioinorganic chemistry. Herein, two iron radical cation complexes (3‐E)GaCl4 [(3‐E).+ = [{(IPr)C(Ph)E}2Fe(CO)3].+, E = P or As; IPr = C{(NDipp)CH}2, Dipp = 2,6‐iPr2C6H3] are reported as crystalline solids. Treatment of the divinyldipnictenes {(IPr)C(Ph)E}2 (1‐E) with Fe2(CO)9 affords [{(IPr)C(Ph)E}2Fe(CO)3] (2‐E), in which 1‐E binds to the Fe atom in an allylic (η3‐EECvinyl) fashion and functions as a 4e donor ligand. Complexes 2‐E undergo 1e oxidation with GaCl3 to yield (3‐E)GaCl4. Spin density analysis revealed that the unpaired electron in (3‐E).+ is mainly located on the Fe (52–64 %) and vinylic C (30–36 %) atoms. Further 1e oxidation of (3‐E)GaCl4 leads to unprecedented η3‐EECvinyl to η3‐ECvinylCPh coordination shuttling to form the dications (4‐E)(GaCl4)2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra K Sharma
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dennis Rottschäfer
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sergi Danés
- Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus C4.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Diego M Andrada
- Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus C4.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Maurice van Gastel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Molecular Theory and Spectroscopy, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr, 45470, Germany
| | - Alexander Hinz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Rajendra S Ghadwal
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sun X, Dong X, Liu H, Liu Y. Recent Progress in Palladium‐Catalyzed Radical Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Sun
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering Shandong University of Technology 266 West Xincun Road Zibo 255049 People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Dong
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering Shandong University of Technology 266 West Xincun Road Zibo 255049 People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering Shandong University of Technology 266 West Xincun Road Zibo 255049 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Liu
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering Shandong University of Technology 266 West Xincun Road Zibo 255049 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Arora V, Narjinari H, Nandi PG, Kumar A. Recent advances in pincer-nickel catalyzed reactions. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:3394-3428. [PMID: 33595564 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03593a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Organometallic catalysts have played a key role in accomplishing numerous synthetically valuable organic transformations that are either otherwise not possible or inefficient. The use of precious, sparse and toxic 4d and 5d metals are an apparent downside of several such catalytic systems despite their immense success over the last several decades. The use of complexes containing Earth-abundant, inexpensive and less hazardous 3d metals, such as nickel, as catalysts for organic transformations has been an emerging field in recent times. In particular, the versatile nature of the corresponding pincer-metal complexes, which offers great control of their reactivity via countless variations, has garnered great interest among organometallic chemists who are looking for greener and cheaper alternatives. In this context, the current review attempts to provide a glimpse of recent developments in the chemistry of pincer-nickel catalyzed reactions. Notably, there have been examples of pincer-nickel catalyzed reactions involving two electron changes via purely organometallic mechanisms that are strikingly similar to those observed with heavier Pd and Pt analogues. On the other hand, there have been distinct differences where the pincer-nickel complexes catalyze single-electron radical reactions. The applicability of pincer-nickel complexes in catalyzing cross-coupling reactions, oxidation reactions, (de)hydrogenation reactions, dehydrogenative coupling, hydrosilylation, hydroboration, C-H activation and carbon dioxide functionalization has been reviewed here from synthesis and mechanistic points of view. The flurry of global pincer-nickel related activities offer promising avenues in catalyzing synthetically valuable organic transformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Arora
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India.
| | - Himani Narjinari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India.
| | - Pran Gobinda Nandi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India.
| | - Akshai Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India. and Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu L, Wang L, Chen P, Guo Y, Liu G. Enantioselective Copper‐Catalyzed Radical Ring‐Opening Cyanation of Cyclopropanols and Cyclopropanone Acetals. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lianqian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Pinghong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yin‐Long Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Guosheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cao S, Yuan H, Zhang J. Mechanistic Study on Ag I-Catalyzed Oxidative Cross-Coupling/Cyclization between Terminal Alkynes and β-Enamino Esters under Base Conditions. J Org Chem 2020; 85:4408-4417. [PMID: 32078322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A combined computational and experimental study was performed to elucidate the mechanism of the AgI-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling/cyclization of terminal alkynes with β-enamino esters. The results indicated a more favorable AgI/Ag0-catalyzed radical mechanism (than cationic mechanism) which involves three key stages: (i) the initiation of radical species, (ii) the cyclization, and (iii) the formal 1,2-H shift. Meanwhile, the AgI species was found to be the active initiator for the delocalized nitrogen radical species generation, and Ag2CO3 acts as an effective oxidant to initiate the β-enamino ester radical formation. Furthermore, it was shown that the silver acetylide is the key intermediate in the title reaction and that the coordination of solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) regulates the electronic properties of the Ag center better as compared with base 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), thereby enhancing the negative charge of the reaction sites and promoting the cyclization process. Finally, the DBU was revealed to play a key role in the final 1,2-H shift process through the formation of [DBU-H]+, acting as a proton shuttle to assist the proton migration process. The theoretical results provide key insights into the AgI/Ag0-catalyzed radical mechanism and guidelines for further development of Ag-catalyzed synthetic methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Haiyan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jingping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dawson DD, Oswald VF, Borovik AS, Jarvo ER. Identification of the Active Catalyst for Nickel-Catalyzed Stereospecific Kumada Coupling Reactions of Ethers. Chemistry 2020; 26:3044-3048. [PMID: 31953874 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A series of nickel complexes in varying oxidation states were evaluated as precatalysts for the stereospecific cross-coupling of benzylic ethers. These results demonstrate rapid redox reactions of precatalysts, such that the oxidative state of the precatalyst does not dictate the oxidation state of the active catalyst in solution. These data provide the first experimental evidence for a Ni0 -NiII catalytic cycle for a stereospecific alkyl-alkyl cross-coupling reaction, including spectroscopic analysis of the catalyst resting state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David D Dawson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Victoria F Oswald
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Andy S Borovik
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Jarvo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Leifert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Armido Studer
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences 155 Yangqiao Road West Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Leifert D, Studer A. The Persistent Radical Effect in Organic Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:74-108. [PMID: 31116479 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Radical-radical couplings are mostly nearly diffusion-controlled processes. Therefore, the selective cross-coupling of two different radicals is challenging and not a synthetically valuable transformation. However, if the radicals have different lifetimes and if they are generated at equal rates, cross-coupling will become the dominant process. This high cross-selectivity is based on a kinetic phenomenon called the persistent radical effect (PRE). In this Review, an explanation of the PRE supported by simulations of simple model systems is provided. Radical stabilities are discussed within the context of their lifetimes, and various examples of PRE-mediated radical-radical couplings in synthesis are summarized. It is shown that the PRE is not restricted to the coupling of a persistent with a transient radical. If one coupling partner is longer-lived than the other transient radical, the PRE operates and high cross-selectivity is achieved. This important point expands the scope of PRE-mediated radical chemistry. The Review is divided into two parts, namely 1) the coupling of persistent or longer-lived organic radicals and 2) "radical-metal crossover reactions"; here, metal-centered radical species and more generally longer-lived transition-metal complexes that are able to react with radicals are discussed-a field that has flourished recently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Leifert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China.,Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lin Q, Diao T. Mechanism of Ni-Catalyzed Reductive 1,2-Dicarbofunctionalization of Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17937-17948. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Lin
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Tianning Diao
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jana NC, Patra M, Brandão P, Panja A. Synthesis, structure and diverse coordination chemistry of cobalt(III) complexes derived from a Schiff base ligand and their biomimetic catalytic oxidation of o-aminophenols. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
15
|
Kwiatkowski MR, Alexanian EJ. Transition-Metal (Pd, Ni, Mn)-Catalyzed C-C Bond Constructions Involving Unactivated Alkyl Halides and Fundamental Synthetic Building Blocks. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:1134-1144. [PMID: 30908013 PMCID: PMC6565936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic construction of C-C bonds between organohalide or pseudohalide electrophiles and fundamental building blocks such as alkenes, arenes, or CO are widely utilized metal-catalyzed processes. The use of simple, widely available unactivated alkyl halides in these catalytic transformations has significantly lagged behind the use of aryl or vinyl electrophiles. This difference is primarily due to the relative difficulty of activating alkyl halides with transition metals under mild conditions. This Account details our group's work toward developing a general catalytic manifold for the construction of C-C bonds using unactivated alkyl halides and a range of simple chemical feedstocks. Critical to the strategy was the implementation of new modes of hybrid organometallic-radical reactivity in catalysis. Generation of carbon-centered radicals from alkyl halides using transition metals offers a solution to challenges associated with the application of alkyl electrophiles in classical two-electron reaction modes. A major focus of this work was the development of general palladium-catalyzed carbocyclizations and intermolecular cross-couplings of unactivated alkyl halides (alkyl-Mizoroki-Heck-type reactions). Initial studies centered on the use of alkyl iodides in these processes, but subsequent studies determined that the use of an electron-rich ferrocenyl bisphosphine (dtbpf) enables the palladium-catalyzed carbocyclizations of unactivated alkyl bromides. Mechanistic studies of these reactions revealed interesting details regarding a difference in mechanism between reactions of alkyl iodides and alkyl bromides in carbocyclizations. These studies were consistent with alkyl bromides reacting via an autotandem catalytic process involving atom-transfer radical cyclization (ATRC) followed by catalytic dehydrohalogenation. Reactions of alkyl iodides, on the other hand, involved metal-initiated radical chain pathways. Recent studies have expanded the scope of alkyl-Mizoroki-Heck-type reactions to the use of a first-row transition metal. Inexpensive nickel precatalysts, in combination with the bisphosphine ligand Xantphos, efficiently activate alkyl bromides for both intra- and intermolecular C-C bond-forming reactions. The reaction scope is similar to the palladium-catalyzed system, but in addition, alkene regioisomeric ratios are dramatically improved over those in reactions with palladium, solving one of the drawbacks of our previous work. Initial mechanistic studies were consistent with a hybrid organometallic-radical mechanism for the nickel-catalyzed reactions. The novel reactivity of the palladium catalysts in the alkyl-Mizoroki-Heck-type reactions have also paved the way for the development of other C-C bond-forming processes of unactivated alkyl halides, including aromatic C-H alkylations as well as low-pressure alkoxycarbonylations. Related hybrid organometallic-radical reactivity of manganese has led to an alkene dicarbofunctionalization using alkyl iodides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan R. Kwiatkowski
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Erik J. Alexanian
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Angelini L, Davies J, Simonetti M, Malet Sanz L, Sheikh NS, Leonori D. Reaction of Nitrogen-Radicals with Organometallics Under Ni-Catalysis: N-Arylations and Amino-Functionalization Cascades. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5003-5007. [PMID: 30779864 PMCID: PMC6519068 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a strategy for the generation of nitrogen-radicals by ground-state single electron transfer with organyl-NiI species. Depending on the philicity of the N-radical, two types of processes have been developed. In the case of nucleophilic aminyl radicals direct N-arylation with aryl organozinc, organoboron, and organosilicon reagents was achieved. In the case of electrophilic amidyl radicals, cascade processes involving intramolecular cyclization, followed by reaction with both aryl and alkyl organometallics have been developed. The N-cyclization-alkylation cascade introduces a novel retrosynthetic disconnection for the assembly of substituted lactams and pyrrolidines with its potential demonstrated in the short total synthesis of four venom alkaloids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucrezia Angelini
- School of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Jacob Davies
- School of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Marco Simonetti
- School of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Laia Malet Sanz
- Eli Lilly and Company LimitedErl Wood Manor, WindeleshamSurreyGU20 6PHUK
| | - Nadeem S. Sheikh
- Department of ChemistryCollege of ScienceKing Faisal UniversityP.O. Box 380Al-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniele Leonori
- School of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Angelini L, Davies J, Simonetti M, Malet Sanz L, Sheikh NS, Leonori D. Reaction of Nitrogen‐Radicals with Organometallics Under Ni‐Catalysis: N‐Arylations and Amino‐Functionalization Cascades. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucrezia Angelini
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Jacob Davies
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Marco Simonetti
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Laia Malet Sanz
- Eli Lilly and Company Limited Erl Wood Manor, Windelesham Surrey GU20 6PH UK
| | - Nadeem S. Sheikh
- Department of ChemistryCollege of ScienceKing Faisal University P.O. Box 380 Al-Ahsa 31982 Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniele Leonori
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhou WJ, Cao GM, Zhang ZP, Yu DG. Visible Light-induced Palladium-catalysis in Organic Synthesis. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.190006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Mei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zhan-Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Da-Gang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pitre SP, Weires NA, Overman LE. Forging C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) Bonds with Carbon-Centered Radicals in the Synthesis of Complex Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:2800-2813. [PMID: 30566838 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Radical fragment coupling reactions that unite intricate subunits have become an important class of transformations within the arena of complex molecule synthesis. This Perspective highlights some of the early contributions in this area, as well as more modern applications of radical fragment couplings in the preparation of natural products. Additionally, emphasis is placed on contemporary advances that allow for radical generation under mild conditions as a driving force for the implementation of radical fragment couplings in total synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Spencer P Pitre
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Irvine , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
| | - Nicholas A Weires
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Irvine , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
| | - Larry E Overman
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Irvine , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhou Z, Behnke NE, Kürti L. Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of Hindered Ethers from α-Bromo Carbonyl Compounds. Org Lett 2018; 20:5452-5456. [PMID: 30113173 PMCID: PMC7802898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A catalytic method for the synthesis of sterically hindered ethers and thioethers from α-bromo carbonyl compounds and the corresponding nucleophiles using an inexpensive Cu(I) catalytic system is reported. This facile transformation takes place at ambient temperature and does not require the exclusion of air or moisture; thus, it is well-suited for the functionalization and derivatization of complex organic molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - László Kürti
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University BioScience Research
Collaborative 6500 Main Street, Rm 380, Houston, TX 77030 (USA)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Teng S, Tessensohn ME, Webster RD, Zhou JS. Palladium-Catalyzed Intermolecular Heck-Type Reaction of Epoxides. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shenghan Teng
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Malcolm E. Tessensohn
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Richard D. Webster
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jianrong Steve Zhou
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Panja A, Jana NC, Brandão P. Influence of anions and solvents on distinct coordination chemistry of cobalt and effect of coordination spheres on the biomimetic oxidation of o-aminophenols. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
23
|
Ratushnyy M, Parasram M, Wang Y, Gevorgyan V. Palladium-Catalyzed Atom-Transfer Radical Cyclization at Remote Unactivated C(sp 3 )-H Sites: Hydrogen-Atom Transfer of Hybrid Vinyl Palladium Radical Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:2712-2715. [PMID: 29341489 PMCID: PMC5829020 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201712775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel mild, visible-light-induced palladium-catalyzed hydrogen atom translocation/atom-transfer radical cyclization (HAT/ATRC) cascade has been developed. This protocol involves a 1,5-HAT process of previously unknown hybrid vinyl palladium radical intermediates, thus leading to iodomethyl carbo- and heterocyclic structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Ratushnyy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607-7061, USA
| | - Marvin Parasram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607-7061, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607-7061, USA
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607-7061, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Richrath RB, Olyschläger T, Hildebrandt S, Enny DG, Fianu GD, Flowers RA, Gansäuer A. Cp 2 TiX Complexes for Sustainable Catalysis in Single-Electron Steps. Chemistry 2018; 24:6371-6379. [PMID: 29327511 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We present a combined electrochemical, kinetic, and synthetic study with a novel and easily accessible class of titanocene catalysts for catalysis in single-electron steps. The tailoring of the electronic properties of our Cp2 TiX-catalysts that are prepared in situ from readily available Cp2 TiX2 is achieved by varying the anionic ligand X. Of the complexes investigated, Cp2 TiOMs proved to be either equal or substantially superior to the best catalysts developed earlier. The kinetic and thermodynamic properties pertinent to catalysis have been determined. They allow a mechanistic understanding of the subtle interplay of properties required for an efficient oxidative addition and reduction. Therefore, our study highlights that efficient catalysts do not require the elaborate covalent modification of the cyclopentadienyl ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben B Richrath
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Theresa Olyschläger
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven Hildebrandt
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel G Enny
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Godfred D Fianu
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Robert A Flowers
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ratushnyy M, Parasram M, Wang Y, Gevorgyan V. Palladium‐Catalyzed Atom‐Transfer Radical Cyclization at Remote Unactivated C(sp
3
)−H Sites: Hydrogen‐Atom Transfer of Hybrid Vinyl Palladium Radical Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201712775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Ratushnyy
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor Street Chicago IL 60607-7061 USA
| | - Marvin Parasram
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor Street Chicago IL 60607-7061 USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor Street Chicago IL 60607-7061 USA
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor Street Chicago IL 60607-7061 USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Heinz C, Lutz JP, Simmons EM, Miller MM, Ewing WR, Doyle AG. Ni-Catalyzed Carbon-Carbon Bond-Forming Reductive Amination. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:2292-2300. [PMID: 29341599 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This report describes a three-component, Ni-catalyzed reductive coupling that enables the convergent synthesis of tertiary benzhydryl amines, which are challenging to access by traditional reductive amination methodologies. The reaction makes use of iminium ions generated in situ from the condensation of secondary N-trimethylsilyl amines with benzaldehydes, and these species undergo reaction with several distinct classes of organic electrophiles. The synthetic value of this process is demonstrated by a single-step synthesis of antimigraine drug flunarizine (Sibelium) and high yielding derivatization of paroxetine (Paxil) and metoprolol (Lopressor). Mechanistic investigations support a sequential oxidative addition mechanism rather than a pathway proceeding via α-amino radical formation. Accordingly, application of catalytic conditions to an intramolecular reductive coupling is demonstrated for the synthesis of endo- and exocyclic benzhydryl amines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Heinz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - J Patrick Lutz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Eric M Simmons
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Michael M Miller
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - William R Ewing
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb , P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Abigail G Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lovinger GJ, Morken JP. Ni-Catalyzed Enantioselective Conjunctive Coupling with C(sp 3) Electrophiles: A Radical-Ionic Mechanistic Dichotomy. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:17293-17296. [PMID: 29116784 PMCID: PMC6598435 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic enantioselective conjunctive coupling of C(sp3) electrophiles can be accomplished with Ni catalysis. The enantioselectivity of the reaction is dependent on reaction mechanism with many substrates able to engage in an asymmetric process with Pybox-Ni complexes, whereas other substrates provide racemic product mixtures. The link between substrate structure and selectivity is addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel J. Lovinger
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - James P. Morken
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Jana NC, Brandão P, Bauzá A, Frontera A, Panja A. Influence of ancillary ligands on preferential geometry and biomimetic catalytic activity in manganese(III)-catecholate systems: A combined experimental and theoretical study. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 176:77-89. [PMID: 28865745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The present report describes the synthesis and structural characterizations of six new manganese(III) complexes with redox-active tetrachlorocatecholate ligand in the presence of different ancillary ligands (pyridines and imidazole). X-ray crystal structure analysis reveals that the geometry of manganese(III) centres in 1 and 2 is essentially square pyramidal, while it is discrete octahedron in compounds 3-6. These preferential structural diversities in these systems have been critically analysed by theoretical calculations. Remarkably, the characterization of both π⋯π stacking interactions and MnMn bonds in the supramolecular dimeric aggregates in the solid state in 1 and 2 by means of the Bader's theory of "atoms in molecules" (AIM) is quite interesting as that nicely corroborates the experimental fact. All the complexes are active toward the phenoxazinone synthase like activity and the detailed kinetic analysis was performed to get better insight into their catalytic efficiency. Electrochemical property of these complexes as well as different donor property of the ancillary ligands clearly establish that the ease of reduction of the metal centre i.e., the catalytic ability is favoured when the metal centre is bonded to the electron deficient pyridyl systems. EPR spectroscopy and theoretical study are further helpful to get insight into origin of the catalytic activity in these compounds. The present report overall highlights that tuning of the geometry and catalytic activity of manganese(III) complexes with tetrachlorocatecholate ligand can be attained by the introduction of different substitutions in ancillary pyridine ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narayan Ch Jana
- Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, Panskura Banamali College, Panskura RS, WB 721152, India
| | - Paula Brandão
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Antonio Bauzá
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain.
| | - Anangamohan Panja
- Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, Panskura Banamali College, Panskura RS, WB 721152, India.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Race NJ, Hazelden IR, Faulkner A, Bower JF. Recent developments in the use of aza-Heck cyclizations for the synthesis of chiral N-heterocycles. Chem Sci 2017; 8:5248-5260. [PMID: 28959424 PMCID: PMC5606024 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc01480e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aza-Heck cyclizations are an emerging method for the construction of chiral N-heterocyclic systems. In these processes, an activated N-O bond replaces the C-X bond (X = halide, OTf) used in conventional Heck reactions, with the associated aza-Pd(ii)-intermediate engaging pendant alkenes in a Heck-like manner. This perspective article commences with an historical overview of the area, which stems from Narasaka's seminal studies using oxime esters as the initiating motif. The scope and mechanism of associated chiral N-heterocyclic methodologies are then outlined, including cascade processes that enable diverse alkene 1,2-carboaminations. The recent emergence of new N-O donors and the realization of highly enantioselective aza-Heck cyclizations are then discussed. Collectively, these studies suggest that the aza-Heck approach can underpin a broad family of redox-neutral and enantioselective C-N bond forming processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Race
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol , BS8 1TS , UK .
| | - Ian R Hazelden
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol , BS8 1TS , UK .
| | - Adele Faulkner
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol , BS8 1TS , UK .
| | - John F Bower
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol , BS8 1TS , UK .
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Fu GC. Transition-Metal Catalysis of Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions: A Radical Alternative to S N1 and S N2 Processes. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2017; 3:692-700. [PMID: 28776010 PMCID: PMC5532721 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Classical methods for achieving nucleophilic substitutions of alkyl electrophiles (SN1 and SN2) have limited scope and are not generally amenable to enantioselective variants that employ readily available racemic electrophiles. Radical-based pathways catalyzed by chiral transition-metal complexes provide an attractive approach to addressing these limitations.
Collapse
|
31
|
Boubertakh O, Goddard JP. Construction and Functionalization of Heteroarenes by Use of Photoredox Catalysis. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oualid Boubertakh
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bioorganique EA 4566; Université de Haute-Alsace; 3 bis rue Alfred Werner 68093 Mulhouse Cedex France
| | - Jean-Philippe Goddard
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bioorganique EA 4566; Université de Haute-Alsace; 3 bis rue Alfred Werner 68093 Mulhouse Cedex France
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Panja A, Jana NC, Bauzá A, Adak S, Mwania TM, Eichhorn DM, Frontera A. Introducing Supramolecular Interactions into Robust Bis(tetrabromocatecholate) Chelated Manganese(III) Systems and Biomimetic Catalytic Activity. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201602007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anangamohan Panja
- Postgraduate Department of Chemistry; Panskura Banamali College, Panskura RS, WB; 721152 India
| | - Narayan Ch. Jana
- Postgraduate Department of Chemistry; Panskura Banamali College, Panskura RS, WB; 721152 India
| | - Antonio Bauzá
- Departament de Química; Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5; 07122 Palma de Mallorca (Baleares) Spain
| | - Sarmistha Adak
- Postgraduate Department of Chemistry; Panskura Banamali College, Panskura RS, WB; 721152 India
| | - Tom M. Mwania
- Department of Chemistry; Wichita State University; Wichita, KS 67260 USA
| | - David M. Eichhorn
- Department of Chemistry; Wichita State University; Wichita, KS 67260 USA
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Departament de Química; Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5; 07122 Palma de Mallorca (Baleares) Spain
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Clark JSK, Voth CN, Ferguson MJ, Stradiotto M. Evaluating 1,1′-Bis(phosphino)ferrocene Ancillary Ligand Variants in the Nickel-Catalyzed C–N Cross-Coupling of (Hetero)aryl Chlorides. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jillian S. K. Clark
- Department
of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Christopher N. Voth
- Department
of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- X-ray
Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Mark Stradiotto
- Department
of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Panja A, Jana NC, Brandão P. Influence of the first and second coordination spheres on the diverse phenoxazinone synthase activity of cobalt complexes derived from a tetradentate Schiff base ligand. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02015e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt complexes as functional models for phenoxazinone synthase showing the influence of both first and second order coordination spheres on the catalytic activity and important intermediates in the ESI mass spectrum providing better information on the mechanistic pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anangamohan Panja
- Postgraduate Department of Chemistry
- Panskura Banamali College
- Panskura RS
- India
| | - Narayan Ch. Jana
- Postgraduate Department of Chemistry
- Panskura Banamali College
- Panskura RS
- India
| | - Paula Brandão
- Department of Chemistry
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials
- University of Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro
- Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
![]()
In
recent years, photoredox catalysis has come to the forefront
in organic chemistry as a powerful strategy for the activation of
small molecules. In a general sense, these approaches rely on the
ability of metal complexes and organic dyes to convert visible light
into chemical energy by engaging in single-electron transfer with
organic substrates, thereby generating reactive intermediates. In
this Perspective, we highlight the unique ability of photoredox catalysis
to expedite the development of completely new reaction mechanisms,
with particular emphasis placed on multicatalytic strategies that
enable the construction of challenging carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom
bonds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan H Shaw
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jack Twilton
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - David W C MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kafka F, Pohl R, Císařová I, Mackman R, Bahador G, Jahn U. N,2,3,4-Tetrasubstituted Pyrrolidines through Tandem Lithium Amide Conjugate Addition/Radical Cyclization/Oxygenation Reactions. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- František Kafka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo namesti 2 16610 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo namesti 2 16610 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Charles University in Prague; Albertov 6 12843 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Richard Mackman
- Gilead Sciences, Inc.; 333 Lakeside Drive 94404 Foster City CA USA
| | - Gina Bahador
- Gilead Sciences, Inc.; 333 Lakeside Drive 94404 Foster City CA USA
| | - Ullrich Jahn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo namesti 2 16610 Prague Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Parasram M, Chuentragool P, Sarkar D, Gevorgyan V. Photoinduced Formation of Hybrid Aryl Pd-Radical Species Capable of 1,5-HAT: Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Silyl Ethers into Silyl Enol Ethers. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:6340-3. [PMID: 27149524 PMCID: PMC7577783 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A direct visible light-induced generation of a hybrid aryl Pd-radical species from aryl iodide and Pd(0) is reported to enable an unprecedented (for hybrid Pd-radical species) hydrogen atom-transfer event. This approach allowed for efficient desaturation of readily available silyl ethers into synthetically valuable silyl enols. Moreover, this oxidation reaction proceeds at room temperature without the aid of exogenous photosensitizers or oxidants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dhruba Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gansäuer A, Hildebrandt S, Vogelsang E, Flowers Ii RA. Tuning the redox properties of the titanocene(III)/(IV)-couple for atom-economical catalysis in single electron steps. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:448-52. [PMID: 26575367 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03891j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Radical-based transformations are an attractive target for the development of catalytic processes due to ease of radical generation, high functional group tolerance and selectivity of bond-forming reactions. In spite of these appealing features, the potential of radicals as key intermediates in catalysis remains largely untapped. Herein we present recent work that exploits the innate ability of titanocene-based catalysts to undergo both oxidative addition and reductive elimination in single electron steps. We further demonstrate that tuning the redox properties of the titanocene-based catalyst can be used to develop efficient catalytic free radical processes including tetrahydrofuran synthesis, and radical arylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Instiut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - S Hildebrandt
- Kekulé-Instiut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - E Vogelsang
- Kekulé-Instiut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - R A Flowers Ii
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Troadec T, Tan SY, Wedge CJ, Rourke JP, Unwin PR, Chaplin AB. One-Electron Oxidation of [M(P(t) Bu3 )2 ] (M=Pd, Pt): Isolation of Monomeric [Pd(P(t) Bu3 )2 ](+) and Redox-Promoted C-H Bond Cyclometalation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:3754-7. [PMID: 26879233 PMCID: PMC4797707 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201511467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of zero-valent phosphine complexes [M(P(t) Bu3 )2 ] (M=Pd, Pt) has been investigated in 1,2-difluorobenzene solution using cyclic voltammetry and subsequently using the ferrocenium cation as a chemical redox agent. In the case of palladium, a mononuclear paramagnetic Pd(I) derivative was readily isolated from solution and fully characterized (EPR, X-ray crystallography). While in situ electrochemical measurements are consistent with initial one-electron oxidation, the heavier congener undergoes C-H bond cyclometalation and ultimately affords the 14 valence-electron Pt(II) complex [Pt(κ(2) PC -P(t) Bu2 CMe2 CH2 )(P(t) Bu3 )](+) with concomitant formation of [Pt(P(t) Bu3 )2 H](+) .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Troadec
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Sze-Yin Tan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Christopher J Wedge
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jonathan P Rourke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Patrick R Unwin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Adrian B Chaplin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Troadec T, Tan SY, Wedge CJ, Rourke JP, Unwin PR, Chaplin AB. One-Electron Oxidation of [M(Pt
Bu3
)2
] (M=Pd, Pt): Isolation of Monomeric [Pd(Pt
Bu3
)2
]+
and Redox-Promoted C−H Bond Cyclometalation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201511467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Troadec
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warwick; Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Sze-yin Tan
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warwick; Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Christopher J. Wedge
- Department of Physics; University of Warwick; Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Jonathan P. Rourke
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warwick; Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Patrick R. Unwin
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warwick; Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Adrian B. Chaplin
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warwick; Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Race NJ, Faulkner A, Shaw MH, Bower JF. Dichotomous mechanistic behavior in Narasaka-Heck cyclizations: electron rich Pd-catalysts generate iminyl radicals. Chem Sci 2016; 7:1508-1513. [PMID: 29899895 PMCID: PMC5963672 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04037j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pd-catalyzed cyclizations of oxime esters with pendant alkenes are subject to an unusual ligand controlled mechanistic divergence. Pd-systems modified with electron deficient phosphines (e.g. P(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)3) promote efficient aza-Heck cyclization, wherein C-N bond formation occurs via alkene imino-palladation. Conversely, electron rich ligands, such as P(t-Bu)3, cause deviation to a SET pathway and, in these cases, C-N bond formation occurs via cyclization of an iminyl radical. A series of mechanistic experiments differentiate the two pathways and the scope of the hybrid organometallic radical cyclization is outlined. This study represents a rare example in Pd-catalysis where selection between dichotomous mechanistic manifolds is facilitated solely by choice of phosphine ligand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Race
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol , BS8 1TS , UK .
| | - Adele Faulkner
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol , BS8 1TS , UK .
| | - Megan H Shaw
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol , BS8 1TS , UK .
| | - John F Bower
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol , BS8 1TS , UK .
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Xia XF, Zhu SL, Li Y, Wang H. Palladium-catalyzed radical cascade difluoroalkylation/cyclization of acrylamide with ethyl difluorobromoacetate. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra05744f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient Pd(0)-catalyzed radical cascade difluoroalkylation/cyclization of acrylamide with ethyl difluorobromoacetate was described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Xia
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
| | - Su-Li Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
| | - Yuan Li
- Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College
- Huaian
- China
| | - Haijun Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Streuff J, Gansäuer A. Metal-Catalyzed β-Functionalization of Michael Acceptors through Reductive Radical Addition Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:14232-42. [PMID: 26471460 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed radical reactions are becoming increasingly important in modern organic chemistry. They offer fascinating and unconventional ways for connecting molecular fragments that are often complementary to traditional methods. In particular, reductive radical additions to α,β-unsaturated compounds have recently gained substantial attention as a result of their broad applicability in organic synthesis. This Minireview critically discusses the recent landmark achievements in this field in context with earlier reports that laid the foundation for today's developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Streuff
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg (Germany).
| | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn (Germany).
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Streuff J, Gansäuer A. Metallkatalysierte β-Funktionalisierung von Michael-Akzeptoren über reduktive Radikaladditionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
45
|
Liu Q, Dong X, Li J, Xiao J, Dong Y, Liu H. Recent Advances on Palladium Radical Involved Reactions. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b01469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West
Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, P. R. China
| | - Xu Dong
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West
Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West
Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, P. R. China
| | - Jian Xiao
- College
of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China
| | - Yunhui Dong
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West
Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West
Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Oderinde MS, Varela-Alvarez A, Aquila B, Robbins DW, Johannes JW. Effects of Molecular Oxygen, Solvent, and Light on Iridium-Photoredox/Nickel Dual-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions. J Org Chem 2015; 80:7642-51. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martins S. Oderinde
- Chemistry
Department (Oncology), AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Adrian Varela-Alvarez
- Chemistry
Department (Oncology), AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Brian Aquila
- Chemistry
Department (Oncology), AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Daniel W. Robbins
- Chemistry
Department (Oncology), AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Jeffrey W. Johannes
- Chemistry
Department (Oncology), AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Gansäuer A, Hildebrandt S, Michelmann A, Dahmen T, von Laufenberg D, Kube C, Fianu GD, Flowers RA. Kationische Titanocen(III)-Komplexe für die Katalyse in Ein-Elektronen-Schritten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201501955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
48
|
Gansäuer A, Hildebrandt S, Michelmann A, Dahmen T, von Laufenberg D, Kube C, Fianu GD, Flowers RA. Cationic Titanocene(III) Complexes for Catalysis in Single-Electron Steps. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7003-6. [PMID: 25924582 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201501955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
By exploiting solvent and anion effects, [Cp2Ti](+) complexes for atom-economical catalysis in single-electron steps were developed and applied for the first time. These complexes constitute remarkably stable and active catalysts for radical arylations. The reaction kinetics and catalyst composition were studied by cyclic voltammetry and in situ IR spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn (Germany).
| | - Sven Hildebrandt
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn (Germany)
| | - Antonius Michelmann
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn (Germany)
| | - Tobias Dahmen
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn (Germany)
| | - Daniel von Laufenberg
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn (Germany)
| | - Christian Kube
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn (Germany)
| | - Godfred D Fianu
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015 (USA)
| | - Robert A Flowers
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015 (USA).
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ke J, Tang Y, Yi H, Li Y, Cheng Y, Liu C, Lei A. Copper-Catalyzed Radical/Radical C sp 3H/PH Cross-Coupling: α-Phosphorylation of Aryl KetoneO-Acetyloximes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6604-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201501287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
50
|
Ke J, Tang Y, Yi H, Li Y, Cheng Y, Liu C, Lei A. Copper-Catalyzed Radical/Radical C sp 3H/PH Cross-Coupling: α-Phosphorylation of Aryl KetoneO-Acetyloximes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201501287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|