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Shah N, Shah M, Khan F, Rehan T, Shams S, Khitab F, Khan A, Ullah MW, Yousaf J, Awwad FA, Ismail EAA. Fabrication and Characterization of Montmorillonite Clay/Agar-Based Magnetic Composite and Its Biological and Electrical Conductivity Evaluation. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:15904-15914. [PMID: 38617699 PMCID: PMC11007821 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Montmorillonite clay and agar are naturally occurring materials of significant importance in designing biocompatible materials tailored for applications in biotechnology and medicine. The introduction of magnetic properties has the potential to significantly boost their characteristics and expand their applications. In this study, we have successfully synthesized highly intercalated magnetic composites, incorporating magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs), montmorillonite clay (MMT), and agar (AG), through a thermo-physicomechanical method. Three samples of MMT-AG with 2, 1.5, and 0.5% MNPs and three sample composites of MNPs-AG with 2, 1, and 0.5% MMT clay are prepared. The synthesized composites were characterized by SEM, XRD, TGA, DTA, and FTIR. SEM analysis revealed a uniform dispersion of MNPs and MMT in the composite. The XRD pattern confirmed the presence of MNPs in the composite site. The TGA and DTA results demonstrated improved thermal stability due to the MNP incorporation. FTIR spectra showed all of the constituents of agar, MNPs, and MMT clay. The swelling ratio was observed to range from 835% to 1739%. The swelling study indicated an increased hydrophobicity with the addition of MNPs to the composite. Antibacterial activities revealed a significant inhibition of Escherichia coli (E. coli) growth by ranging from 10 to 19 nm in the composite. The composite also exhibited a considerable antioxidant action, with IC50 values of 7.96, 46.55, and 57.58 μg/mL, and electrical properties just like conductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrullah Shah
- Department
of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University
Mardan, Mardan KP-23200, Pakistan
| | - Muffarih Shah
- Department
of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University
Mardan, Mardan KP-23200, Pakistan
| | - Farishta Khan
- Department
of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University
Mardan, Mardan KP-23200, Pakistan
| | - Touseef Rehan
- Department
of Biochemistry, Women University Mardan, Mardan KP-23200, Pakistan
| | - Sulaiman Shams
- Department
of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University
Mardan, Mardan KP-23200, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Khitab
- Department
of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women
University, Peshawar KP-25000, Pakistan
| | - Abbas Khan
- Department
of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University
Mardan, Mardan KP-23200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Wajid Ullah
- Biofuels
Institute, School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jasim Yousaf
- Department
of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan KP-23200, Pakistan
| | - Fuad A. Awwad
- Department
of Quantitative Analysis, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, P.O. Box 71115, Riyadh 11587, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad A. A. Ismail
- Department
of Quantitative Analysis, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, P.O. Box 71115, Riyadh 11587, Saudi Arabia
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Rivollier N, Schwiddessen R, Cabrera G, Combeaud C, Schorr S, Dennler G. Montmorillonite Exfoliation in LLDPE and Factors Affecting Its Orientation: From Monolayer to Multi-Nano-Layer Polymer Films. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:200. [PMID: 38256999 PMCID: PMC10820231 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The motivations of the present work are to investigate the exfoliation of montmorillonite within a linear low-density polyethylene matrix and to control its orientation during the cast extrusion process. The first part is focused on the exfoliation of the montmorillonite through the melt extrusion process. The accuracy and relevance of each method used to determine the exfoliation state of montmorillonite have been examined, thanks to X-ray diffraction, transmission electronic microscopy, and rheology. All these methods have presented limitations, but the combination of all leads to a better estimation of the exfoliation state. Finally, the orientation of the montmorillonite is quantified systematically by X-ray texture analysis and correlated with process parameters to discern which one is affecting their orientation. The results have demonstrated an enhancement of the "in-plane" orientation of the montmorillonite with the exfoliation, especially at high concentration and when combined with cast extrusion. Finally, in the multi-nano-layer polymer film configuration, the reduction of the individual layers 29 nm thickness leads to some orientation improvements. However, these improvements are almost at the same level as the concentration effect in a monolayer system. This work gives an overview of all the parameters needed to achieve a significant organo-modified montmorillonite "in-plane" orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Rivollier
- Industrial Technical Centre for Plastics and Composites (IPC), 01100 Bellignat, France
- Institute of Geological Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Malteserstr. 74-100, 12249 Berlin, Germany
| | - René Schwiddessen
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Department of Structure and Dynamic of Energy Materials, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Geraldine Cabrera
- Industrial Technical Centre for Plastics and Composites (IPC), 01100 Bellignat, France
| | - Christelle Combeaud
- MINES Paris, PSL University, Center for Materials Forming (CEMEF), UMR CNRS 7635, 1 Rue Claude Daunesse, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Susan Schorr
- Institute of Geological Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Malteserstr. 74-100, 12249 Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Department of Structure and Dynamic of Energy Materials, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gilles Dennler
- Industrial Technical Centre for Plastics and Composites (IPC), 01100 Bellignat, France
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Yuvaraj G, Ramesh M, Rajeshkumar L. Carbon and Cellulose-Based Nanoparticle-Reinforced Polymer Nanocomposites: A Critical Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13111803. [PMID: 37299706 DOI: 10.3390/nano13111803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are currently used for different applications in several fields. Bringing the measurements of a material down to nanoscale size makes vital contributions to the improvement of the characteristics of materials. The polymer composites acquire various properties when added to nanoparticles, increasing characteristics such as bonding strength, physical property, fire retardance, energy storage capacity, etc. The objective of this review was to validate the major functionality of the carbon and cellulose-based nanoparticle-filled polymer nanocomposites (PNC), which include fabricating procedures, fundamental structural properties, characterization, morphological properties, and their applications. Subsequently, this review includes arrangement of nanoparticles, their influence, and the factors necessary to attain the required size, shape, and properties of the PNCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Yuvaraj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, RVS College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore 641402, India
| | - Manickam Ramesh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KIT-Kalaignarkarunanidhi Institute of Technology, Coimbatore 641402, India
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Characteristics of Composite Materials of the Type: TPU/PP/BaTiO 3 Powder for 3D Printing Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010073. [PMID: 36616423 PMCID: PMC9824524 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Composite materials are materials with anisotropic properties that are created by combining several different components in a way that allows the best qualities of each component to be used. In this paper, raw materials were used to obtain composite materials of the type TPU/PP/BaTiO3 powder. The thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic differential calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy were carried out. The preliminary tests for making specific filaments for 3D printing with a diameter of 1.75 mm were carried out on a laboratory extruder. The purpose of the experiment was to develop the optimal extrusion temperatures and the speed of drawing the filament to make filaments with rigorously constant dimensions, and the variation in diameter had a maximum of 10%.
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Kumar C M P, B AR, Kumar M, C P R. Natural nano-fillers materials for the Bio-composites: A review. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Mamytbekov G, Zhakanbaev E, Nurtazin E, Glushenko V. Synthesis, structure and features of formation of biphasic hybrid polymer compositions based on bentonite. CHEMICAL BULLETIN OF KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.15328/cb1280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis, structure and features of the formation of biphasic hybrid polymer compositions based on natural ionite (bentonite – BT), its intercalated complex (ICC) with a solid solution of copper ferrocyanide K4-хCux[Fe(CN)6] and a synthetic rare cross-linked acrylamide-acrylic acid copolymer were studied. The mechanism of formation of biphasic intercalated and percolated structures was analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence analysis, IR-Fourier spectroscopy and stress-strain curves. It is shown that the impregnation of the mineral bentonite filler into the polymer matrix, including its intercalated complex {BT:K4-xCux[Fe(CN)6]} is accompanied by an increase of non-uniformity of the structure of the hybrid composite material. It has been established that the main factor characterizing the deformation stability of the composite is the adhesive strength at the interface between the mineral filler and the polymer matrix. Under uniaxial tension of the P[AA-AA]{BT} composition and the percolated complex P[AA-AA]{BT:K4-xCux[Fe(CN)6]} their internal structure is rearranged resulting in stretching of agglomerates of solid fillers along polymer chains, which is determined by the adhesion force between polymer chains and mineral particles at the phase boundary. It is proposed to consider such biphasic hybrid composite materials as a promising class of interpenetrating networks with valuable applied properties.
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Alhendal A, Shiju J, Rashad M, Al-Sagheer F, Ahmad Z. Synthesis and characterization of aramid composites reinforced with silanized graphene platelets. RSC Adv 2022; 12:26753-26762. [PMID: 36320856 PMCID: PMC9490764 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04797g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of aramid composites reinforced with graphene platelets are reported. Hydroxy-functionalised graphene platelets were modified with two sol-gel binders (aminopropyl- or aminophenyl-trialkoxysilanes) and then chemically linked with aramid chains. The effect of the two sol-gel binders on the physiochemical and mechanical properties was evaluated. Chemical changes during the sol-gel reaction and subsequent amidation process in the nano-composite preparation were evaluated by the XPS and FTIR analyses. Thin films of these composites with different proportions of graphene were prepared. Morphology of the hybrids prepared was studied by the SEM technique. Properties of the composite films were studied by dynamical mechanical thermal (DMT) analysis to measure their glass transition temperature (T g) and storage modulus. These properties have been compared with previously reported values using pristine graphene (Gr) as a filler. The increase in thermal mechanical properties on addition of silanized graphene (SiGr) showed a large shift in the T g and more increase in storage modulus by chemically binding SiGr sheets on the aramid chains. Aminophenyl-trialkoxysilane was found to give better results due to the presence of phenyl groups which were more rigid than propyl groups present in aminopropyl-trialkoxysilane. The effect of chemical bonding and the possible π-π secondary bond interactions between the matrix and graphene platelets on the properties of the resulting hybrids are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alhendal
- Department of Chemistry, Kuwait University P. O. Box 5969 Safat 13060 Kuwait
| | - Jessy Shiju
- Department of Chemistry, Kuwait University P. O. Box 5969 Safat 13060 Kuwait
| | - Mohamed Rashad
- Department of Chemistry, Kuwait University P. O. Box 5969 Safat 13060 Kuwait
| | - Fakhreia Al-Sagheer
- Department of Chemistry, Kuwait University P. O. Box 5969 Safat 13060 Kuwait
| | - Zahoor Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Kuwait University P. O. Box 5969 Safat 13060 Kuwait
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Aliotta L, Seggiani M, Lazzeri A, Gigante V, Cinelli P. A Brief Review of Poly (Butylene Succinate) (PBS) and Its Main Copolymers: Synthesis, Blends, Composites, Biodegradability, and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14040844. [PMID: 35215757 PMCID: PMC8963078 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PBS, an acronym for poly (butylene succinate), is an aliphatic polyester that is attracting increasing attention due to the possibility of bio-based production, as well as its balanced properties, enhanced processability, and excellent biodegradability. This brief review has the aim to provide the status concerning the synthesis, production, thermal, morphological and mechanical properties underlying biodegradation ability, and major applications of PBS and its principal copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Aliotta
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (M.S.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Maurizia Seggiani
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (M.S.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (M.S.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Vito Gigante
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (M.S.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (M.S.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.G.); (P.C.)
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Yaghmaeiyan N, Mirzaei M, Delghavi R. Montmorillonite clay: Introduction and evaluation of its applications in different organic syntheses as catalyst: A review. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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10
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Morinval A, Averous L. Systems Based on Biobased Thermoplastics: From Bioresources to Biodegradable Packaging Applications. POLYM REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2021.2012802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Morinval
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, Cedex 2, France
| | - Luc Averous
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, Cedex 2, France
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Salmi MS, Zoukrami F, Haddaoui N. Structure-properties relation in thermoplastic polymer/silica nanocomposites in presence of stearic acid as modifier agent. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2021.1947661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Salim Salmi
- Laboratoire de Physico‑Chimie des Hauts Polymères (LPCHP), Département de Génie des Procédés, Université Ferhat Abbas Sétif-1, Sétif, Algeria
| | - Fouzia Zoukrami
- Unité de Recherche des Matériaux Emergents (URMES), Valorisation des Polymères, Université Ferhat Abbas Sétif-1, Sétif, Algeria
| | - Nacerddine Haddaoui
- Laboratoire de Physico‑Chimie des Hauts Polymères (LPCHP), Département de Génie des Procédés, Université Ferhat Abbas Sétif-1, Sétif, Algeria
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Thulasisingh A, Kumar K, Yamunadevi B, Poojitha N, SuhailMadharHanif S, Kannaiyan S. Biodegradable packaging materials. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03767-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Organoclay/conjugated polymer nanocomposites: structural, thermal, and electrical properties. Colloid Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-020-04782-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Jariyasakoolroj P, Leelaphiwat P, Harnkarnsujarit N. Advances in research and development of bioplastic for food packaging. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:5032-5045. [PMID: 30450696 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The article reviews the recent developments in bioplastic food packaging. Several bioplastic materials (polylactide, polyhydroxyalkanoates, and starch) have been successfully converted into food packaging using conventional plastic conversion technologies including extrusion, injection molding, and compression molding. Recently, bioplastic packaging has been developed into active packaging which can either control the release of active ingredients or scavenge undesirable substances. This review emphasizes the advances in bioplastic packaging with regard to active packaging applications and applications requiring gas and water barrier. RESULTS The review shows that antioxidant and antimicrobial functions are major developments for the control-release application in bioplastic packaging. Factors affecting the release of active ingredients have been reviewed. The sorption of low molecular weight substances such as humidity, aromas, and gases, also affects the properties of packaging materials. Some patents are available for oxygen-scavenging bioplastic packaging. Moreover, improved high-barrier packaging technologies (modified polymer, coating, and lamination) have been developed to increase the shelf-life of food products. CONCLUSION The finding shows that the development of bioplastic into food packaging included control-release (desorption), scavenging (absorption) and permeation technologies. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyawanee Jariyasakoolroj
- Department of Packaging and Materials Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food (CASAF), KU Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pattarin Leelaphiwat
- Department of Packaging and Materials Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food (CASAF), KU Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nathdanai Harnkarnsujarit
- Department of Packaging and Materials Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food (CASAF), KU Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Hernández-Guerrero O, Campillo-Illanes BF, Domínguez-Patiño ML, Benavente R, Martínez H, Sedano A, Villanueva H. Comparative studies of the mechanical and thermal properties of clay / copolymer nanocomposites synthesized by two in-situ methods and solution blending method. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-019-1966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Khan A, Asiri AM, Khan AAP, Khan SB. Electrical conductivity and ion-exchange kinetic studies of polythiophene Sn(VI)phosphate nano composite cation-exchanger. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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17
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Fu S, Sun Z, Huang P, Li Y, Hu N. Some basic aspects of polymer nanocomposites: A critical review. NANO MATERIALS SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoms.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Altaf F, Batool R, Ahmad MA, Raza R, Khan MA, Abbas G. Novel vinyl-modified sepiolite-based polymer nanocomposites: synthesis and characterization. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-018-0619-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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19
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Quiescent and shear-induced non-isothermal crystallization of isotactic polypropylene-based nanocomposites. Polym Bull (Berl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-016-1704-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Shapkin NP, Razov VI, Mayorov VI, Khal’cheko IG, Shkuratov AL, Korochentsev VV. Studies of natural kaolinite and its modified forms. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s003602361611019x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Faghihi K, Taher M, Hajibeygi M. Preparation and characterization of new polyamide/montmorillonite nanocomposites containing azo moiety in the main chain. ARAB J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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22
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Ahmadi Shooli S, Tavakoli M. Styrene Butadiene Rubber/Epoxidized Natural Rubber (SBR/ENR50) Nanocomposites Containing Nanoclay and Carbon Black as Fillers for Application in Tire-Tread Compounds. J MACROMOL SCI B 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2016.1230464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Dinari M, Rajabi AR. Structural, thermal and mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites based on organosoluble polyimide with naphthyl pendent group and layered double hydroxide. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008316665678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a soluble aromatic polyimide (PI) with naphthyl pendent group was initially synthesized by the reaction of pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) with 5-methyl- N,N-bis(4-nitrophenyl)naphthalen-1-amine. Then, via co-precipitation reaction of zinc nitrate hexahydrate and chromium nitrate nonahydrate, Zn/Cr-layered double hydroxide (LDH) was synthesized using hydrothermal techniques. Finally, different novel nanocomposites (NCs) based on PI and Zn/Cr-LDH (1, 2, 4 wt%) were produced through in situ polymerization. The resulting materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and mechanical testing. According to the TGA results, the prepared NCs showed high thermal stability at higher temperature due to the good dispersion and homogeneity of Zn/Cr-LDH in polymeric matrix. Consequently, the mechanical properties of the synthesized NCs were enhanced by the incorporation of 2 wt% Zn/Cr-LDH in the polymer matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Dinari
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Rajabi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Fu J, Naguib HE. Effect of Nanoclay on the Mechanical Properties of PMMA/Clay Nanocomposite Foams. J CELL PLAST 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x06063517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of nanoclay on the mechanical properties of poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA)/clay nanocomposite foams are investigated. Intercalated PMMA/clay nanocomposites have been prepared through a solvent co-precipitation method. PMMA/clay nanocomposites with only 0.5 wt% of well-dispersed montmorillonite nanoclay showed considerable improvement of mechanical properties; specifically in elastic modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break. However, with an increased load of clay in the nanocomposite, the mechanical properties decreased due to the agglomeration of excessive nanoclay. Microcellular foams have been processed with PMMA/clay nanocomposite material using a subcritical gas foaming method. When a short foaming time is used, the increased amount of nanoclay induced a greater amount of heterogeneous nucleation during the foaming process and therefore decreased the density of the foam. In contrast, when a longer foaming time is used, foam density increased with a larger nanoclay load due to the higher diffusivity coefficient of CO2 blowing agent. Nanoclay, as a nucleation agent and reinforcement filler, changed the foaming behavior and mechanical properties of the PMMA microcellular foams. The microcellular foams made of PMMA/clay nanocomposite with 0.5 wt% exhibited an optimized mechanical response under tensile experiments. It is observed that the mechanical properties of nanocomposite foams are greatly related to the mechanical properties of unfoamed material and foam density. The nanoclay dispersion quality is a very important factor for the mechanical properties of both foamed and unfoamed polymer/clay nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Fu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Hani E. Naguib
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada M5S 3G8
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Bhattacharya M. Polymer Nanocomposites-A Comparison between Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, and Clay as Nanofillers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 9:E262. [PMID: 28773388 PMCID: PMC5502926 DOI: 10.3390/ma9040262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nanofilled polymeric matrices have demonstrated remarkable mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. In this article we review the processing of carbon nanotube, graphene, and clay montmorillonite platelet as potential nanofillers to form nanocomposites. The various functionalization techniques of modifying the nanofillers to enable interaction with polymers are summarized. The importance of filler dispersion in the polymeric matrix is highlighted. Finally, the challenges and future outlook for nanofilled polymeric composites are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal Bhattacharya
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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Mauro N, Chiellini F, Bartoli C, Gazzarri M, Laus M, Antonioli D, Griffiths P, Manfredi A, Ranucci E, Ferruti P. RGD-mimic polyamidoamine-montmorillonite composites with tunable stiffness as scaffolds for bone tissue-engineering applications. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:2164-2175. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Mauro
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers; Università Degli Studi di Palermo; Via Archirafi 32 90123 Palermo Italy
| | | | | | | | - Michele Laus
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica; Università del Piemonte Orientale 'A. Avogadro'; Alessandria Italy
| | - Diego Antonioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica; Università del Piemonte Orientale 'A. Avogadro'; Alessandria Italy
| | - Peter Griffiths
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science; University of Greenwich, Medway Campus; Kent UK
| | - Amedea Manfredi
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Italy
| | | | - Paolo Ferruti
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Italy
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Abd El-Ghaffar M, Youssef A, Abd El-Hakim A. Polyaniline nanocomposites via in situ emulsion polymerization based on montmorillonite: Preparation and characterization. ARAB J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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28
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Wang FZ, Luo Y. The Morphology and Mechanical Properties of the Hybrid Films of Styrene-Butyl Acrylate Block Copolymer/MMT From Colloid Blending. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201500033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhou Wang
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Yingwu Luo
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
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Vatansever A, Dogan H, Inan T, Sezer S, Sirkecioglu A. Properties of na‐montmorillonite and cellulose nanocrystal reinforced poly(butyl acrylate‐co‐methyl methacrylate) nanocomposites. POLYM ENG SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alican Vatansever
- TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Chemistry InstituteGebze‐Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Hacer Dogan
- TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Chemistry InstituteGebze‐Kocaeli Turkey
| | | | - Serdar Sezer
- TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Chemistry InstituteGebze‐Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Ahmet Sirkecioglu
- Department of Chemistry and MetallurgyIstanbul Technical UniversityAyazağa Istanbul Turkey
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Quispe NB, Fernandes EG, Zanata F, Bartoli JR, Souza DHS, Ito EN. Organoclay nanocomposites of post-industrial waste poly(butylene terephthalate) from automotive parts. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2015; 33:908-918. [PMID: 26341637 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x15600049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric nanocomposites are novel materials of huge interest owing to their favourable cost/performance ratio with low amount of nanofillers, improved thermal resistance, flame retardancy and mechanical properties in relation to their matrices. In this work, composites based on post-industrial waste or primary recycled poly(butylene terephthalate) and 5 wt.% of organic modified montmorillonite clays were melt compounded using a twin-screw extruder. A 2(2) factorial experimental design was used to study the compounding and processing variables: Organic modified montmorillonite with one or two hydrogenated tallow (initial basal spacing) and screw speed of the extruder. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy suggest that a partial exfoliation of the organoclay in the recycled poly(butylene terephthalate) matrix was achieved for organic modified montmorillonite with lower initial basal spacing. On the other hand, formulations containing organic modified montmorillonite with higher initial basal spacing showed only intercalated structure. The recycled poly(butylene terephthalate)-organic modified montmorillonite nanocomposites did not drip flaming material during burning tests. Storage of dynamic-mechanical, tensile and flexural moduli of the recycled poly(butylene terephthalate)-organic modified montmorillonite were improved when compared with both virgin and recycled poly(butylene terephthalate)s, mainly for nanocomposites formulated at a lower initial basal spacing organoclay. This could be related to a better diffusion of polymer into organic modified montmorillonite layers compared with the higher initial basal spacing organoclay. The improvements on the physical properties of recycled poly(butylene terephthalate) showed the feasibility to add value to primary recycled engineering thermoplastics with a very small amount of organic modified montmorillonite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noe B Quispe
- Department of Materials Engineering and Bioprocess, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth G Fernandes
- Department of Materials Engineering and Bioprocess, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Polytechnic School of University of S. Paulo (USP), S. Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Zanata
- Department of Materials Engineering and Bioprocess, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Julio R Bartoli
- Department of Materials Engineering and Bioprocess, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego H S Souza
- Institute of Macromolecules Prof. Eloisa B. Mano, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Edson N Ito
- Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
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Jlassi K, Benna-Zayani M, Chehimi MM, Yagci Y. Efficient photoinduced In situ
preparation of clay/poly(glycidyl methacrylate) nanocomposites using hydrogen-donor silane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Khouloud Jlassi
- University of Carthage; ISSTE; Borj Cédria Tunisia
- Université Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS, UMR CNRS 7086 Paris 75013 France
| | | | - Mohamed M. Chehimi
- Université Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS, UMR CNRS 7086 Paris 75013 France
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, CNRS UMR 7182 ICMPE; Thiais 94320 France
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
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Faghihi K, Pournajaf J, Hajibeygi M. Preparation and characterization of new poly(amide–imide) reinforced layer silicate nanocomposite containing N,N′-pyrromellitoyl-bis-l-phenyl acetic acid. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2011.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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33
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A Review on Potentiality of Nano Filler/Natural Fiber Filled Polymer Hybrid Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/polym6082247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Kherroub DE, Belbachir M, Lamouri S. Nylon 6/clay nanocomposites prepared with Algerian modified clay (12-maghnite). RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-014-1623-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Dolgov VV, Ashurov NR, Sheveleva EE, Khakberdiev EO. Strength-strain, barrier, thermal, and fire-resistance properties of nanocomposites based on linear polyethylene with montmorillonite. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427213120148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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Cui HW, Du GB. Rheology of exfoliated nanocomposite of polyvinyl acetate and organic montmorillonite synthesized by different processes. Polym Bull (Berl) 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-013-1084-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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SA AR, Shafiee M, Abedsoltan H, Shafiee A. Gas barrier and mechanical properties of crosslinked ethylene vinyl acetate nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS 2013; 47:2987-2993. [DOI: 10.1177/0021998312460711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
In this research, the effects of crosslinking agent and clay content on the morphology, barrier and mechanical properties of ethylene vinyl acetate-organoclay nanocomposites prepared by solution method were studied. Dicumyl peroxide has been used as crosslinking agent. The morphology of the prepared nanocomposites was investigated using wide-angle X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopyindicated that the prepared nanocomposites had predominantly intercalated morphologies. The obtained results of permeability tests showed that the permeability of ethylene vinyl acetate films dramatically decreases with addition of organoclay and dicumyl peroxide. Mechanical tests showed that tensile modulus and tensile strength of ethylene vinyl acetate increase with addition of organoclay. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of ethylene vinyl acetate nanocomposites significantly improved in presence of crosslinking agent (dicumyl peroxide).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ramazani SA
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Iran
| | - M Shafiee
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Iran
| | - H Abedsoltan
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Iran
| | - A Shafiee
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Iran
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Cardoso J, Vázquez G, García PR, González I. Morphology, Dielectric and Thermal Properties of Poly(sulfobutylbetaine)/Montmorillonite (PMBS-4/MMT) Nanocomposites as Solid Polymer Electrolytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.201200035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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41
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Cui HW, Du GB. Synthesis and Characterization of PVAc-MMT-DOAB Exfoliated Nanocomposites: Reducing Polymerization Time and Water in the Synthesis. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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42
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Chakraborty S, Mallick PP, Dasgupta S, Mukhopadhyay R. Stearyl Amine Ethoxylate (SAM) Grafted Montmorillonite Clay-Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) Nanocomposites. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2011.641649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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43
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Chen H, Fallah MA, Huck V, Angerer JI, Reininger AJ, Schneider SW, Schneider MF, Alexander-Katz A. Blood-clotting-inspired reversible polymer–colloid composite assembly in flow. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1333. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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A conducting nanocomposite via intercalative polymerisation of 2-methylaniline with aniline in montmorillonite cation-exchanged. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-012-0003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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46
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Singha NK, Kavitha A, Haloi DJ, Mandal P, Janke A, Jehnichen D, Komber H, Voit B. Effect of Nanoclay on in situ Preparation of “All Acrylate” ABA Triblock Copolymers via ATRP and Their Morphology. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201200174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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47
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Haldar I, Biswas M, Nayak A. Preparation and evaluation of microstructure, dielectric and conductivity (ac/dc) characteristics of a polyaniline/poly N-vinyl carbazole/Fe3O4 nanocomposite. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-012-9951-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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48
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Sreenivasan P, Ratna D, Albert P, Somashekaran J, Raut R, Chakraborty BC. A new liquid rubber-assisted dispersion of organoclay in carbon black filled carboxylated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber matrix. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Poly(imide)/Organically-Modified Montmorillonite Nanocomposite as a Potential Membrane for Alkaline Fuel Cells. MEMBRANES 2012; 2:430-9. [PMID: 24958290 PMCID: PMC4021904 DOI: 10.3390/membranes2030430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work we evaluated the potentiality of a poly(imide) (PI)/organically-modified montmorillonite (O-MMT) nanocomposite membrane for the use in alkaline fuel cells. Both X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy revealed a good dispersion of O-MMT into the PI matrix and preservation of the O-MMT layered structure. When compared to the pure PI, the addition of O-MMT improved thermal stability and markedly increased the capability of absorbing electrolyte and ionic conductivity of the composite. The results show that the PI/O-MMT nanocomposite is a promising candidate for alkaline fuel cell applications.
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Mansoori Y, Hemmati S, Eghbali P, Zamanloo MR, Imanzadeh G. Nanocomposite materials based on isosorbide methacrylate/Cloisite 20A. POLYM INT 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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