1
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Jörgensen SK, Karnošová A, Mazzaferro S, Rowley O, Chen HJC, Robbins SJ, Christofides S, Merkle FT, Maletínská L, Petrik D. An analogue of the Prolactin Releasing Peptide reduces obesity and promotes adult neurogenesis. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:351-377. [PMID: 38177913 PMCID: PMC10897398 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-023-00016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic Adult Neurogenesis (hAN) has been implicated in regulating energy homeostasis. Adult-generated neurons and adult Neural Stem Cells (aNSCs) in the hypothalamus control food intake and body weight. Conversely, diet-induced obesity (DIO) by high fat diets (HFD) exerts adverse influence on hAN. However, the effects of anti-obesity compounds on hAN are not known. To address this, we administered a lipidized analogue of an anti-obesity neuropeptide, Prolactin Releasing Peptide (PrRP), so-called LiPR, to mice. In the HFD context, LiPR rescued the survival of adult-born hypothalamic neurons and increased the number of aNSCs by reducing their activation. LiPR also rescued the reduction of immature hippocampal neurons and modulated calcium dynamics in iPSC-derived human neurons. In addition, some of these neurogenic effects were exerted by another anti-obesity compound, Liraglutide. These results show for the first time that anti-obesity neuropeptides influence adult neurogenesis and suggest that the neurogenic process can serve as a target of anti-obesity pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alena Karnošová
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, 12108, Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Simone Mazzaferro
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Oliver Rowley
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Hsiao-Jou Cortina Chen
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Sarah J Robbins
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | | | - Florian T Merkle
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Lenka Maletínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 16610, Czech Republic
| | - David Petrik
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK.
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2
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Nanotechnology in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-022-1363-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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3
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Schneider J, Weigel J, Wittmann MT, Svehla P, Ehrt S, Zheng F, Elmzzahi T, Karpf J, Paniagua-Herranz L, Basak O, Ekici A, Reis A, Alzheimer C, Ortega de la O F, Liebscher S, Beckervordersandforth R. Astrogenesis in the murine dentate gyrus is a life-long and dynamic process. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110409. [PMID: 35451150 PMCID: PMC9156974 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021110409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are highly abundant in the mammalian brain, and their functions are of vital importance for all aspects of development, adaption, and aging of the central nervous system (CNS). Mounting evidence indicates the important contributions of astrocytes to a wide range of neuropathies. Still, our understanding of astrocyte development significantly lags behind that of other CNS cells. We here combine immunohistochemical approaches with genetic fate-mapping, behavioral paradigms, single-cell transcriptomics, and in vivo two-photon imaging, to comprehensively assess the generation and the proliferation of astrocytes in the dentate gyrus (DG) across the life span of a mouse. Astrogenesis in the DG is initiated by radial glia-like neural stem cells giving rise to locally dividing astrocytes that enlarge the astrocyte compartment in an outside-in-pattern. Also in the adult DG, the vast majority of astrogenesis is mediated through the proliferation of local astrocytes. Interestingly, locally dividing astrocytes were able to adapt their proliferation to environmental and behavioral stimuli revealing an unexpected plasticity. Our study establishes astrocytes as enduring plastic elements in DG circuits, implicating a vital contribution of astrocyte dynamics to hippocampal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schneider
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Weigel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marie-Theres Wittmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pavel Svehla
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Medical Faculty, BioMedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ehrt
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Medical Faculty, BioMedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fang Zheng
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tarek Elmzzahi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Molecular Immunology in Neurodegeneration, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julian Karpf
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lucía Paniagua-Herranz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Spain
| | - Onur Basak
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Arif Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andre Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Alzheimer
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felipe Ortega de la O
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Spain
| | - Sabine Liebscher
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Medical Faculty, BioMedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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4
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Combining low-density cell culture, single-cell tracking, and patch-clamp to monitor the behavior of postnatal murine cerebellar neural stem cells. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100964. [PMID: 34841278 PMCID: PMC8605430 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-density cell culture of the postnatal cerebellum, combined with live imaging and single-cell tracking, allows the behavior of postnatal cerebellar neural stem cells (NSCs) and their progeny to be monitored. Cultured cerebellar NSCs maintain their neurogenic nature giving rise, in the same relative proportions that exist in vivo, to the neuronal progeny generated by the three postnatal cerebellar neurogenic niches. This protocol describes the identification of the nature of the progeny through both post-imaging immunocytochemistry and patch-clamp recordings. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Paniagua-Herranz et al. (2020b). Protocol to culture postnatal mouse cerebellar neural stem cells (NSCs) in low density The behavior of isolated postnatal cerebellar NSC can be monitored at single-cell level Protocol for simultaneous monitoring of the three postnatal cerebellar neurogenic niches Procedures of live imaging and single cell tracking for lineage tracing
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5
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Gupta B, Errington AC, Jimenez-Pascual A, Eftychidis V, Brabletz S, Stemmler MP, Brabletz T, Petrik D, Siebzehnrubl FA. The transcription factor ZEB1 regulates stem cell self-renewal and cell fate in the adult hippocampus. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109588. [PMID: 34433050 PMCID: PMC8411115 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Radial glia-like (RGL) stem cells persist in the adult mammalian hippocampus, where they generate new neurons and astrocytes throughout life. The process of adult neurogenesis is well documented, but cell-autonomous factors regulating neuronal and astroglial differentiation are incompletely understood. Here, we evaluate the functions of the transcription factor zinc-finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) in adult hippocampal RGL cells using a conditional-inducible mouse model. We find that ZEB1 is necessary for self-renewal of active RGL cells. Genetic deletion of Zeb1 causes a shift toward symmetric cell division that consumes the RGL cell and generates pro-neuronal progenies, resulting in an increase of newborn neurons and a decrease of newly generated astrocytes. We identify ZEB1 as positive regulator of the ets-domain transcription factor ETV5 that is critical for asymmetric division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Gupta
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Adam C Errington
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Ana Jimenez-Pascual
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Vasileios Eftychidis
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Simone Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marc P Stemmler
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Petrik
- Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Florian A Siebzehnrubl
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.
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6
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Marymonchyk A, Malvaut S, Saghatelyan A. In vivo live imaging of postnatal neural stem cells. Development 2021; 148:271820. [PMID: 34383894 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are maintained in specific regions of the postnatal brain and contribute to its structural and functional plasticity. However, the long-term renewal potential of NSCs and their mode of division remain elusive. The use of advanced in vivo live imaging approaches may expand our knowledge of NSC physiology and provide new information for cell replacement therapies. In this Review, we discuss the in vivo imaging methods used to study NSC dynamics and recent live-imaging results with respect to specific intracellular pathways that allow NSCs to integrate and decode different micro-environmental signals. Lastly, we discuss future directions that may provide answers to unresolved questions regarding NSC physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Marymonchyk
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC, CanadaG1J 2G3.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, CanadaG1V 0A6
| | - Sarah Malvaut
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC, CanadaG1J 2G3.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, CanadaG1V 0A6
| | - Armen Saghatelyan
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC, CanadaG1J 2G3.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, CanadaG1V 0A6
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7
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Targeting Protein Kinase C in Glioblastoma Treatment. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040381. [PMID: 33916593 PMCID: PMC8067000 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive primary brain tumor and is associated with a poor prognosis. Despite the use of combined treatment approaches, recurrence is almost inevitable and survival longer than 14 or 15 months after diagnosis is low. It is therefore necessary to identify new therapeutic targets to fight GBM progression and recurrence. Some publications have pointed out the role of glioma stem cells (GSCs) as the origin of GBM. These cells, with characteristics of neural stem cells (NSC) present in physiological neurogenic niches, have been proposed as being responsible for the high resistance of GBM to current treatments such as temozolomide (TMZ). The protein Kinase C (PKC) family members play an essential role in transducing signals related with cell cycle entrance, differentiation and apoptosis in NSC and participate in distinct signaling cascades that determine NSC and GSC dynamics. Thus, PKC could be a suitable druggable target to treat recurrent GBM. Clinical trials have tested the efficacy of PKCβ inhibitors, and preclinical studies have focused on other PKC isozymes. Here, we discuss the idea that other PKC isozymes may also be involved in GBM progression and that the development of a new generation of effective drugs should consider the balance between the activation of different PKC subtypes.
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8
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Zhou H, Yang H, Lu L, Li X, Pan B, Fu Z, Chu T, Liu J, Kang Y, Liu L, Ning G, Ding W, Wu P, Kong X, Feng S. A modified protocol for the isolation, culture, and cryopreservation of rat embryonic neural stem cells. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:156. [PMID: 33093894 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are characterized by their potential for self-renewal and ability to differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. They are of great value to scientific studies and clinical applications. Culturing NSCs in vitro is important for characterizing their properties under controlled environmental conditions that may be modified and monitored accurately. The present study explored a modified, detailed and efficient protocol for the isolation, culture and cryopreservation of rat embryonic NSCs. In particular, the viability, nestin expression, and self-renewal and multi-differentiation capabilities of NSCs cryopreserved for various periods of time (7 days, or 1, 6 or 12 months) were characterized and compared. Rat embryonic NSCs were successfully obtained and maintained their self-renewal and multipotent differentiation capabilities even following long-term cryopreservation (for up to 12 months).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengxing Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, P.R. China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Xueying Li
- Key Laboratory of Immuno Microenvironment and Disease of the Educational Ministry of China, Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Bin Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Immuno Microenvironment and Disease of the Educational Ministry of China, Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Tianci Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Yi Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Guangzhi Ning
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Wenyuan Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1043, USA
| | - Xiaohong Kong
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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9
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Paniagua-Herranz L, Menéndez-Méndez A, Gómez-Villafuertes R, Olivos-Oré LA, Biscaia M, Gualix J, Pérez-Sen R, Delicado EG, Artalejo AR, Miras-Portugal MT, Ortega F. Live Imaging Reveals Cerebellar Neural Stem Cell Dynamics and the Role of VNUT in Lineage Progression. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:1080-1094. [PMID: 33065045 PMCID: PMC7663791 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the intrinsic specification of postnatal cerebellar neural stem cells (NSCs) and to what extent they depend on information from their local niche. Here, we have used an adapted cell preparation of isolated postnatal NSCs and live imaging to demonstrate that cerebellar progenitors maintain their neurogenic nature by displaying hallmarks of NSCs. Furthermore, by using this preparation, all the cell types produced postnatally in the cerebellum, in similar relative proportions to those observed in vivo, can be monitored. The fact that neurogenesis occurs in such organized manner in the absence of signals from the local environment, suggests that cerebellar lineage progression is to an important extent governed by cell-intrinsic or pre-programmed events. Finally, we took advantage of the absence of the niche to assay the influence of the vesicular nucleotide transporter inhibition, which dramatically reduced the number of NSCs in vitro by promoting their progression toward neurogenesis. We present a preparation that allows monitoring the behavior of cerebellar NSCs Isolated NSCs maintain their neurogenic nature in absence of niche factors The model enables monitoring the three postnatal cerebellar niches simultaneously VNUT influences the balance between quiescence and activation of cerebellar NSCs
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Paniagua-Herranz
- Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aida Menéndez-Méndez
- Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Gómez-Villafuertes
- Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A Olivos-Oré
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Biscaia
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Gualix
- Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Pérez-Sen
- Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esmerilda G Delicado
- Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio R Artalejo
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Miras-Portugal
- Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Ortega
- Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Pérez-Brangulí F, Buchsbaum IY, Pozner T, Regensburger M, Fan W, Schray A, Börstler T, Mishra H, Gräf D, Kohl Z, Winkler J, Berninger B, Cappello S, Winner B. Human SPG11 cerebral organoids reveal cortical neurogenesis impairment. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:961-971. [PMID: 30476097 PMCID: PMC6400051 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spastic paraplegia gene 11(SPG11)-linked hereditary spastic paraplegia is a complex monogenic neurodegenerative disease that in addition to spastic paraplegia is characterized by childhood onset cognitive impairment, thin corpus callosum and enlarged ventricles. We have previously shown impaired proliferation of SPG11 neural progenitor cells (NPCs). For the delineation of potential defect in SPG11 brain development we employ 2D culture systems and 3D human brain organoids derived from SPG11 patients’ iPSC and controls. We reveal that an increased rate of asymmetric divisions of NPCs leads to proliferation defect, causing premature neurogenesis. Correspondingly, SPG11 organoids appeared smaller than controls and had larger ventricles as well as thinner germinal wall. Premature neurogenesis and organoid size were rescued by GSK3 inhibititors including the Food and Drug Administration-approved tideglusib. These findings shed light on the neurodevelopmental mechanisms underlying disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Pérez-Brangulí
- Department of Stem Cell Biology (former IZKF junior research group III), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Isabel Y Buchsbaum
- Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (GSN), Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Planegg/Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tatyana Pozner
- Department of Stem Cell Biology (former IZKF junior research group III), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Regensburger
- Department of Stem Cell Biology (former IZKF junior research group III), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wenqiang Fan
- Adult Neurogenesis and Cellular Reprogramming, Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Annika Schray
- Department of Stem Cell Biology (former IZKF junior research group III), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tom Börstler
- Department of Stem Cell Biology (former IZKF junior research group III), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Himanshu Mishra
- Department of Stem Cell Biology (former IZKF junior research group III), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniela Gräf
- Department of Stem Cell Biology (former IZKF junior research group III), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zacharias Kohl
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Zentrum für Seltene Erkrankungen Erlangen (ZSEER), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Winkler
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Zentrum für Seltene Erkrankungen Erlangen (ZSEER), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Berninger
- Adult Neurogenesis and Cellular Reprogramming, Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Centre for Developmental Neurobiology and MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Beate Winner
- Department of Stem Cell Biology (former IZKF junior research group III), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Zentrum für Seltene Erkrankungen Erlangen (ZSEER), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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11
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Patel BB, Clark KL, Kozik EM, Dash L, Kuhlman JA, Sakaguchi DS. Isolation and culture of primary embryonic zebrafish neural tissue. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 328:108419. [PMID: 31472190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary cell culture is a valuable tool to utilize in parallel with in vivo studies in order to maximize our understanding of the mechanisms surrounding neurogenesis and central nervous system (CNS) regeneration and plasticity. The zebrafish is an important model for biomedical research and primary neural cells are readily obtainable from their embryonic stages viatissue dissociation. Further, transgenic reporter lines with cell type-specific expression allows for observation of distinct cell populations within the dissociated tissue. NEW METHOD Here, we define an efficient method for ex vivo quantification and characterization of neuronal and glial tissue dissociated from embryonic zebrafish. RESULTS Zebrafish brain dissociated cells have been documented to survive in culture for at least 9 days in vitro (div). Anti-HuC/D and anti-Acetylated Tubulin antibodies were used to identify neurons in culture; at 3 div approximately 48% of cells were HuC/D positive and 85% expressed serotonin, suggesting our protocol can efficiently isolate neurons from whole embryonic zebrafish brains. Live time-lapse imaging was also carried out to analyze cell migration in vitro. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Primary cultures of zebrafish neural cells typically have low rates of survivability in vitro. We have developed a culture system that has long term cell viability, enabling direct analysis of cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate a practical method for isolating, dissociating and culturing of embryonic zebrafish neural tissue. This approach could further be utilized to better understand zebrafish regeneration in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavika B Patel
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States; Neuroscience Program, United States
| | - Kendra L Clark
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States; Genetics and Genomics Program, United States
| | - Emily M Kozik
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Linkan Dash
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States; Genetics and Genomics Program, United States
| | - Julie A Kuhlman
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
| | - Donald S Sakaguchi
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States; Neuroscience Program, United States.
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12
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Time-Lapse Video Microscopy and Single Cell Tracking to Study Neural Cell Behavior In Vitro. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2150:183-194. [PMID: 31020634 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2019_219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms controlling the behavior of cell populations with regenerative potential is the first step to design effective therapeutic strategies for many diseases. However, a precise description of the biological events involved, such as proliferation, differentiation, cell fate decisions, migration, or viability, may be hampered by the classical use of experiments based on end-point analysis. By contrast, live imaging and single cell tracking provides researchers with an accurate readout of these features in cells throughout an experiment. Here, we describe a protocol to apply time-lapse video microscopy and post-processing of the data to study critical aspects of the biology and the lineage progression of multiple neural populations.
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13
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Martínez-Cerdeño V, Noctor SC. Neural Progenitor Cell Terminology. Front Neuroanat 2018; 12:104. [PMID: 30574073 PMCID: PMC6291443 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since descriptions of neural precursor cells (NPCs) were published in the late 19th century, neuroanatomists have used a variety of terms to describe these cells, each term reflecting contemporary understanding of cellular characteristics and function. As the field gained knowledge through a combination of technical advance and individual insight, the terminology describing NPCs changed to incorporate new information. While there is a trend toward consensus and streamlining of terminology over time, to this day scientists use different terms for NPCs that reflect their field and perspective, i.e., terms arising from molecular, cellular, or anatomical sciences. Here we review past and current terminology used to refer to NPCs, including embryonic and adult precursor cells of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Martínez-Cerdeño
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine and Shriners Hospitals for Children of Northern California, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States.,UC Davis Medical Center, MIND Institute, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Stephen C Noctor
- UC Davis Medical Center, MIND Institute, Sacramento, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
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14
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Petrik D, Myoga MH, Grade S, Gerkau NJ, Pusch M, Rose CR, Grothe B, Götz M. Epithelial Sodium Channel Regulates Adult Neural Stem Cell Proliferation in a Flow-Dependent Manner. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 22:865-878.e8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Heimann G, Canhos LL, Frik J, Jäger G, Lepko T, Ninkovic J, Götz M, Sirko S. Changes in the Proliferative Program Limit Astrocyte Homeostasis in the Aged Post-Traumatic Murine Cerebral Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:4213-4228. [PMID: 28472290 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging leads to adverse outcomes after traumatic brain injury. The mechanisms underlying these defects, however, are not yet clear. In this study, we found that astrocytes in the aged post-traumatic cerebral cortex develop a significantly reduced proliferative response, resulting in reduced astrocyte numbers in the penumbra. Moreover, experiments of reactive astrocytes in vitro reveal that their diminished proliferation is due to an age-related switch in the division mode with reduced cell-cycle re-entry rather than changes in cell-cycle length. Notably, reactive astrocytes in vivo and in vitro become refractory to stimuli increasing their proliferation during aging, such as Sonic hedgehog signaling. These data demonstrate for the first time that age-dependent, most likely intrinsic changes in the proliferative program of reactive astrocytes result in their severely hampered proliferative response to traumatic injury thereby affecting astrocyte homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Heimann
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Luisa L Canhos
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Jesica Frik
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology (IBBM), Department of Biological Sciences, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gabriele Jäger
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Tjasa Lepko
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Jovica Ninkovic
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Götz
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Synergy, Excellence Cluster of Systems Neurology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Swetlana Sirko
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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16
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Gómez-Villafuertes R, Paniagua-Herranz L, Gascon S, de Agustín-Durán D, Ferreras MDLO, Gil-Redondo JC, Queipo MJ, Menendez-Mendez A, Pérez-Sen R, Delicado EG, Gualix J, Costa MR, Schroeder T, Miras-Portugal MT, Ortega F. Live Imaging Followed by Single Cell Tracking to Monitor Cell Biology and the Lineage Progression of Multiple Neural Populations. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29286427 PMCID: PMC5755616 DOI: 10.3791/56291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms that control critical biological events of neural cell populations, such as proliferation, differentiation, or cell fate decisions, will be crucial to design therapeutic strategies for many diseases affecting the nervous system. Current methods to track cell populations rely on their final outcomes in still images and they generally fail to provide sufficient temporal resolution to identify behavioral features in single cells. Moreover, variations in cell death, behavioral heterogeneity within a cell population, dilution, spreading, or the low efficiency of the markers used to analyze cells are all important handicaps that will lead to incomplete or incorrect read-outs of the results. Conversely, performing live imaging and single cell tracking under appropriate conditions represents a powerful tool to monitor each of these events. Here, a time-lapse video-microscopy protocol, followed by post-processing, is described to track neural populations with single cell resolution, employing specific software. The methods described enable researchers to address essential questions regarding the cell biology and lineage progression of distinct neural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Gómez-Villafuertes
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Complutense University; University Institute for Neurochemistry Research (IUIN); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC)
| | - Lucía Paniagua-Herranz
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Complutense University; University Institute for Neurochemistry Research (IUIN); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC)
| | - Sergio Gascon
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich; Toxicology and Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Complutense University
| | - David de Agustín-Durán
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Complutense University; University Institute for Neurochemistry Research (IUIN); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC)
| | - María de la O Ferreras
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Complutense University; University Institute for Neurochemistry Research (IUIN); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC)
| | - Juan Carlos Gil-Redondo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Complutense University; University Institute for Neurochemistry Research (IUIN); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC)
| | - María José Queipo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Complutense University; University Institute for Neurochemistry Research (IUIN); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC)
| | - Aida Menendez-Mendez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Complutense University; University Institute for Neurochemistry Research (IUIN); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC)
| | - Ráquel Pérez-Sen
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Complutense University; University Institute for Neurochemistry Research (IUIN); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC)
| | - Esmerilda G Delicado
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Complutense University; University Institute for Neurochemistry Research (IUIN); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC)
| | - Javier Gualix
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Complutense University; University Institute for Neurochemistry Research (IUIN); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC)
| | - Marcos R Costa
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte
| | - Timm Schroeder
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich
| | - María Teresa Miras-Portugal
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Complutense University; University Institute for Neurochemistry Research (IUIN); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC)
| | - Felipe Ortega
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Complutense University; University Institute for Neurochemistry Research (IUIN); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC);
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17
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Shi R, Feng W, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Zhu D. FSOCA-induced switchable footpad skin optical clearing window for blood flow and cell imaging in vivo. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:1647-1656. [PMID: 28516571 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The mouse footpad for its feature of hairlessness provides an available window for imaging vascular and cellular structure and function in vivo. Unfortunately, the strong scattering of its skin limits the penetration of light and reduces the imaging contrast and depth. Herein, an innovative footpad skin optical clearing agent (FSOCA) was developed to make the footpad skin transparent quickly by topical application. The results demonstrate that FSOCA treatment not only allowed the cutaneous blood vessels and blood flow distribution to be monitored by laser speckle contrast imaging technique with higher contrast, but also permitted the fluorescent cells to be imaged by laser scanning confocal microscopy with higher fluorescence signal intensity and larger imaging depth. In addition, the physiological saline-treatment could make the footpad skin recover to the initial turbid status, and reclearing would not induce any adverse effects on the distributions and morphologies of blood vessels and cells, which demonstrated a safe and switchable window for biomedical imaging. This switchable footpad skin optical clearing window will be significant for studying blood flow dynamics and cellular immune function in vivo in some vascular and immunological diseases. Picture: Repeated cell imaging in vivo before (a) and after (b) FSOCA treatment. (c) Merged images of 4 h (cyan border) or 72 h (magenta border) over 0 h. (d) Zoom of ROI in 4 h (yellow rectangle) or 72 h (red rectangle).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shi
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics, HUST, Ministry of Education, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
- Hubei Bioinformatics and Bioimaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, HUST, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics, HUST, Ministry of Education, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
- Hubei Bioinformatics and Bioimaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, HUST, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics, HUST, Ministry of Education, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
- Hubei Bioinformatics and Bioimaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, HUST, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics, HUST, Ministry of Education, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
- Hubei Bioinformatics and Bioimaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, HUST, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics, HUST, Ministry of Education, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
- Hubei Bioinformatics and Bioimaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, HUST, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
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18
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Landeira BS, Araújo JADM, Schroeder T, Müller U, Costa MR. Live Imaging of Primary Cerebral Cortex Cells Using a 2D Culture System. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28829410 DOI: 10.3791/56063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During cerebral cortex development, progenitor cells undergo several rounds of symmetric and asymmetric cell divisions to generate new progenitors or postmitotic neurons. Later, some progenitors switch to a gliogenic fate, adding to the astrocyte and oligodendrocyte populations. Using time-lapse video-microscopy of primary cerebral cortex cell cultures, it is possible to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling the mode of cell division and cell cycle parameters of progenitor cells. Similarly, the fate of postmitotic cells can be examined using cell-specific fluorescent reporter proteins or post-imaging immunocytochemistry. More importantly, all these features can be analyzed at the single-cell level, allowing the identification of progenitors committed to the generation of specific cell types. Manipulation of gene expression can also be performed using viral-mediated transfection, allowing the study of cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous phenomena. Finally, the use of fusion fluorescent proteins allows the study of symmetric and asymmetric distribution of selected proteins during division and the correlation with daughter cells fate. Here, we describe the time-lapse video-microscopy method to image primary cerebral cortex murine cells for up to several days and analyze the mode of cell division, cell cycle length and fate of newly generated cells. We also describe a simple method to transfect progenitor cells, which can be applied to manipulate genes of interest or simply label cells with reporter proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Timm Schroeder
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich
| | - Ulrich Müller
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Marcos R Costa
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte;
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19
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Targeting Adult Neurogenesis for Poststroke Therapy. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:5868632. [PMID: 28808445 PMCID: PMC5541797 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5868632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis mainly occurs at the subventricular zone (SVZ) on the walls of the lateral ventricle and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus (DG). However, the majority of newborn neurons undergo programmed cell death (PCD) during the period of proliferation, migration, and integration. Stroke activates neural stem cells (NSCs) in both SVZ and SGZ. This process is regulated by a wide variety of signaling pathways. However, the newborn neurons derived from adult neurogenesis are insufficient for tissue repair and function recovery. Thus, enhancing the endogenous neurogenesis driven by ischemia and promoting the survival of newborn neurons can be promising therapeutic interventions for stroke. Here, we present an overview of the process of adult neurogenesis and the potential of stroke-induced neurogenesis on brain repair.
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20
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Lim DA, Alvarez-Buylla A. The Adult Ventricular-Subventricular Zone (V-SVZ) and Olfactory Bulb (OB) Neurogenesis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2016; 8:cshperspect.a018820. [PMID: 27048191 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a018820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A large population of neural stem/precursor cells (NSCs) persists in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) located in the walls of the lateral brain ventricles. V-SVZ NSCs produce large numbers of neuroblasts that migrate a long distance into the olfactory bulb (OB) where they differentiate into local circuit interneurons. Here, we review a broad range of discoveries that have emerged from studies of postnatal V-SVZ neurogenesis: the identification of NSCs as a subpopulation of astroglial cells, the neurogenic lineage, new mechanisms of neuronal migration, and molecular regulators of precursor cell proliferation and migration. It has also become evident that V-SVZ NSCs are regionally heterogeneous, with NSCs located in different regions of the ventricle wall generating distinct OB interneuron subtypes. Insights into the developmental origins and molecular mechanisms that underlie the regional specification of V-SVZ NSCs have also begun to emerge. Other recent studies have revealed new cell-intrinsic molecular mechanisms that enable lifelong neurogenesis in the V-SVZ. Finally, we discuss intriguing differences between the rodent V-SVZ and the corresponding human brain region. The rapidly expanding cellular and molecular knowledge of V-SVZ NSC biology provides key insights into postnatal neural development, the origin of brain tumors, and may inform the development regenerative therapies from cultured and endogenous human neural precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Lim
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCSF, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Arturo Alvarez-Buylla
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCSF, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
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21
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Ramos AD, Attenello FJ, Lim DA. Uncovering the roles of long noncoding RNAs in neural development and glioma progression. Neurosci Lett 2015; 625:70-9. [PMID: 26733304 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, thousands of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified, and emerging data indicate that lncRNAs can have important biological functions and roles in human diseases including cancer. Many lncRNAs appear to be expressed specifically in the brain, and the roles of lncRNAs in neural stem cells (NSCs) and brain development are now beginning to be discovered. Here we review recent advances in understanding the diversity of lncRNA structure and functions in NSCs and brain development. NSCs in the adult mouse ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) generate new neurons throughout life, and we discuss how key elements of this adult neurogenic system have facilitated the discovery and functional characterization of known and novel lncRNAs. A review of lncRNAs described in other NSC systems reveals a variety of molecular mechanisms, including binding and recruitment of transcription factors, epigenetic modifiers, and RNA-splicing factors. Finally, we review emerging evidence indicating that specific lncRNAs can be key drivers of glial tumors, and discuss next steps towards an in vivo understanding of lncRNA function in development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D Ramos
- Department of Neurological Surgery, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Frank J Attenello
- Department of Neurological Surgery, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Daniel A Lim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA; San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
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22
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Aravantinou-Fatorou K, Ortega F, Chroni-Tzartou D, Antoniou N, Poulopoulou C, Politis PK, Berninger B, Matsas R, Thomaidou D. CEND1 and NEUROGENIN2 Reprogram Mouse Astrocytes and Embryonic Fibroblasts to Induced Neural Precursors and Differentiated Neurons. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 5:405-18. [PMID: 26321141 PMCID: PMC4618597 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrate that astroglia from non-neurogenic brain regions can be reprogrammed into functional neurons through forced expression of neurogenic factors. Here we explored the effect of CEND1 and NEUROG2 on reprogramming of mouse cortical astrocytes and embryonic fibroblasts. Forced expression of CEND1, NEUROG2, or both resulted in acquisition of induced neuronal cells expressing subtype-specific markers, while long-term live-cell imaging highlighted the existence of two different modes of neuronal trans-differentiation. Of note, a subpopulation of CEND1 and NEUROG2 double-transduced astrocytes formed spheres exhibiting neural stem cell properties. mRNA and protein expression studies revealed a reciprocal feedback loop existing between the two molecules, while knockdown of endogenous CEND1 demonstrated that it is a key mediator of NEUROG2-driven neuronal reprogramming. Our data suggest that common reprogramming mechanisms exist driving the conversion of lineage-distant somatic cell types to neurons and reveal a critical role for CEND1 in NEUROG2-driven astrocytic reprogramming. CEND1 reprograms astrocytes and fibroblasts to GABAergic neurons Neurospheres are formed from CEND1+ and NEUROG2+ cells through the β-catenin pathway CEND1 and NEUROG2 participate in a reciprocal feedback loop leading to neurogenesis CEND1 is a key mediator of NEUROG2 reprogramming function
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe Ortega
- Research Group Adult Neurogenesis and Cellular Reprogramming, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dafni Chroni-Tzartou
- Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, Athens 11521, Greece; Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Experimental Neurophysiology, University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, 72-74 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, Athens 11521, Greece
| | - Nasia Antoniou
- Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, Athens 11521, Greece
| | - Cornelia Poulopoulou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Experimental Neurophysiology, University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, 72-74 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, Athens 11521, Greece
| | - Panagiotis K Politis
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efessiou Street, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Benedikt Berninger
- Research Group Adult Neurogenesis and Cellular Reprogramming, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Rebecca Matsas
- Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, Athens 11521, Greece
| | - Dimitra Thomaidou
- Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, Athens 11521, Greece.
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23
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Sahu SK, Garding A, Tiwari N, Thakurela S, Toedling J, Gebhard S, Ortega F, Schmarowski N, Berninger B, Nitsch R, Schmidt M, Tiwari VK. JNK-dependent gene regulatory circuitry governs mesenchymal fate. EMBO J 2015; 34:2162-81. [PMID: 26157010 PMCID: PMC4557668 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201490693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological process in which cells lose cell–cell contacts and become motile. EMT is used during development, for example, in triggering neural crest migration, and in cancer metastasis. Despite progress, the dynamics of JNK signaling, its role in genomewide transcriptional reprogramming, and involved downstream effectors during EMT remain largely unknown. Here, we show that JNK is not required for initiation, but progression of phenotypic changes associated with EMT. Such dependency resulted from JNK-driven transcriptional reprogramming of critical EMT genes and involved changes in their chromatin state. Furthermore, we identified eight novel JNK-induced transcription factors that were required for proper EMT. Three of these factors were also highly expressed in invasive cancer cells where they function in gene regulation to maintain mesenchymal identity. These factors were also induced during neuronal development and function in neuronal migration in vivo. These comprehensive findings uncovered a kinetically distinct role for the JNK pathway in defining the transcriptome that underlies mesenchymal identity and revealed novel transcription factors that mediate these responses during development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Neha Tiwari
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - Susanne Gebhard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Felipe Ortega
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nikolai Schmarowski
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Benedikt Berninger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Robert Nitsch
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcus Schmidt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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24
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Vega SL, Dhaliwal A, Arvind V, Patel PJ, Beijer NRM, de Boer J, Murthy NS, Kohn J, Moghe PV. Organizational metrics of interchromatin speckle factor domains: integrative classifier for stem cell adhesion & lineage signaling. Integr Biol (Camb) 2015; 7:435-46. [PMID: 25765854 PMCID: PMC4390534 DOI: 10.1039/c4ib00281d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell fates on biomaterials are influenced by the complex confluence of microenvironmental cues emanating from soluble growth factors, cell-to-cell contacts, and biomaterial properties. Cell-microenvironment interactions influence the cell fate by initiating a series of outside-in signaling events that traverse from the focal adhesions to the nucleus via the cytoskeleton and modulate the sub-nuclear protein organization and gene expression. Here, we report a novel imaging-based framework that highlights the spatial organization of sub-nuclear proteins, specifically the splicing factor SC-35 in the nucleoplasm, as an integrative marker to distinguish between minute differences of stem cell lineage pathways in response to stimulatory soluble factors, surface topologies, and microscale topographies. This framework involves the high resolution image acquisition of SC-35 domains and imaging-based feature extraction to obtain quantitative nuclear metrics in tandem with machine learning approaches to generate a predictive cell state classification model. The acquired SC-35 metrics led to >90% correct classification of emergent human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) phenotypes in populations of hMSCs exposed for merely 3 days to basal, adipogenic, or osteogenic soluble cues, as well as varying levels of dexamethasone-induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression. Early osteogenic cellular responses across a series of surface patterns, fibrous scaffolds, and micropillars were also detected and classified using this imaging-based methodology. Complex cell states resulting from inhibition of RhoGTPase, β-catenin, and FAK could be classified with >90% sensitivity on the basis of differences in the SC-35 organizational metrics. This indicates that SC-35 organization is sensitively impacted by adhesion-related signaling molecules that regulate osteogenic differentiation. Our results show that diverse microenvironment cues affect different attributes of the SC-35 organizational metrics and lead to distinct emergent organizational patterns. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that the early organization of SC-35 domains could serve as a "fingerprint" of the intracellular mechanotransductive signaling that governs growth factor- and topography-responsive stem cell states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián L. Vega
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway New Jersey
| | - Anandika Dhaliwal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway New Jersey
| | - Varun Arvind
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway New Jersey
| | - Parth J. Patel
- New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark New Jersey
| | - Nick R. M. Beijer
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jan de Boer
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- cBITE Lab, Merln Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - N. Sanjeeva Murthy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Joachim Kohn
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Prabhas V. Moghe
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway New Jersey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway New Jersey
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25
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Cell tracking using 19F magnetic resonance imaging: Technical aspects and challenges towards clinical applications. Eur Radiol 2014; 25:726-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-014-3474-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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26
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Singh D, McMillan JM, Kabanov AV, Sokolsky-Papkov M, Gendelman HE. Bench-to-bedside translation of magnetic nanoparticles. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:501-16. [PMID: 24910878 PMCID: PMC4150086 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are a new and promising addition to the spectrum of biomedicines. Their promise revolves around the broad versatility and biocompatibility of the MNPs and their unique physicochemical properties. Guided by applied external magnetic fields, MNPs represent a cutting-edge tool designed to improve diagnosis and therapy of a broad range of inflammatory, infectious, genetic and degenerative diseases. Magnetic hyperthermia, targeted drug and gene delivery, cell tracking, protein bioseparation and tissue engineering are but a few applications being developed for MNPs. MNPs toxicities linked to shape, size and surface chemistry are real and must be addressed before clinical use is realized. This article presents both the promise and perils of this new nanotechnology, with an eye towards opportunity in translational medical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhirender Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5800, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5800, USA
| | - JoEllyn M McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5800, USA
| | - Alexander V Kabanov
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Marina Sokolsky-Papkov
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5800, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5800, USA
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27
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Naumova AV, Balu N, Yarnykh VL, Reinecke H, Murry CE, Yuan C. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Tracking of Graft Survival in the Infarcted Heart: Iron Oxide Particles Versus Ferritin Overexpression Approach. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2014; 19:358-367. [PMID: 24685664 DOI: 10.1177/1074248414525999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of cell therapy is the regeneration of damaged tissues. To distinguish graft from host tissue by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a paramagnetic label must be introduced to cells prior to transplantation. The paramagnetic label can be either exogenous iron oxide nanoparticles or a genetic overexpression of ferritin, an endogenous iron storage protein. The purpose of this work was to compare the efficacy of these 2 methods for MRI evaluation of engrafted cell survival in the infarcted mouse heart. Mouse skeletal myoblasts were labeled either by cocultivation with iron oxide particles or by engineering them to overexpress ferritin. Along with live cell transplantation, 2 other groups of mice were injected with dead-labeled cells. Both particle-labeled and ferritin-tagged grafts were detected as areas of MRI signal hypointensity in the left ventricle of the mouse heart using T2*-weighted sequences, although the signal attenuation decreased with ferritin tagging. Importantly, live cells could not be distinguished from dead cells when labeled with iron oxide particles, whereas the ferritin tagging was detected only in live grafts, thereby allowing identification of viable grafts using MRI. Thus, iron oxide particles can provide information about initial cell injection success but cannot assess graft viability. On the other hand, genetically based cell tagging, such as ferritin overexpression, despite having lower signal intensity in comparison with iron oxide particles, is able to identify live transplanted cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Naumova
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Niranjan Balu
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Vasily L Yarnykh
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hans Reinecke
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Charles E Murry
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chun Yuan
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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28
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Praet J, Santermans E, Reekmans K, de Vocht N, Le Blon D, Hoornaert C, Daans J, Goossens H, Berneman Z, Hens N, Van der Linden A, Ponsaerts P. Histological characterization and quantification of cellular events following neural and fibroblast(-like) stem cell grafting in healthy and demyelinated CNS tissue. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1213:265-83. [PMID: 25173390 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1453-1_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical animal studies involving intracerebral (stem) cell grafting are gaining popularity in many laboratories due to the reported beneficial effects of cell grafting on various diseases or traumata of the central nervous system (CNS). In this chapter, we describe a histological workflow to characterize and quantify cellular events following neural and fibroblast(-like) stem cell grafting in healthy and demyelinated CNS tissue. First, we provide standardized protocols to isolate and culture eGFP(+) neural and fibroblast(-like) stem cells from embryonic mouse tissue. Second, we describe flow cytometric procedures to determine cell viability, eGFP transgene expression, and the expression of different stem cell lineage markers. Third, we explain how to induce reproducible demyelination in the CNS of mice by means of cuprizone administration, a validated mouse model for human multiple sclerosis. Fourth, the technical procedures for cell grafting in the CNS are explained in detail. Finally, an optimized and validated workflow for the quantitative histological analysis of cell graft survival and endogenous astroglial and microglial responses is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle Praet
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken (CDE-S6.51), Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp (Wilrijk), Belgium
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