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Wu T, Zhu W, Chen L, Jiang T, Dong Y, Wang L, Tong X, Zhou H, Yu X, Peng Y, Wang L, Xiao Y, Zhong T. A review of natural plant extracts in beverages: Extraction process, nutritional function, and safety evaluation. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113185. [PMID: 37689936 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The demand for foods and beverages with therapeutic and functional features has increased as a result of rising consumer awareness of health and wellness. In natural, plants are abundant, widespread, and inexpensive, in addition to being rich in bioactive components that are beneficial to health. The bioactive substances contained in plants include polyphenols, polysaccharides, flavonoids, aromatics, aliphatics, terpenoids, etc., which have rich active functions and application potential for plant-based beverages. In this review, various existing extraction processes and their advantages and disadvantages are introduced. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, intestinal flora regulation, metabolism regulation, and nerve protection effects of plant beverages are described. The biotoxicity and sensory properties of plant-based beverages are also summarized. With the diversification of the food industry and commerce, plant-based beverages may become a promising new category of health functional foods in our daily lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao
| | - Wanying Zhu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao
| | - Linyan Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao
| | - Tao Jiang
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao
| | - Yuhe Dong
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao
| | - Letao Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao
| | - Xinyang Tong
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao
| | - Hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao
| | - Ye Peng
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao
| | - Ling Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao
| | - Ying Xiao
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao
| | - Tian Zhong
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao.
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Gančytė G, Šimonis P, Stirkė A. Investigation of osmotic shock effect on pulsed electric field treated S. cerevisiae yeast cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10573. [PMID: 37386124 PMCID: PMC10310692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37719-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment is known to cause plasma membrane permeabilization of microorganisms, an effect known as electroporation. PEF treatment is very attractive since it can achieve permeabilization with or without lethal damage in accordance with desired results. This study aimed to expand the accomplishment of electroporation outcomes by applying sudden post-PEF osmotic composition change of the media. Changes in yeast cells' viability, size and plasma membrane regeneration rate were evaluated. However, we still have questions about the intracellular biochemical processes responsible for plasma membrane recovery after electroporation. Our suggested candidate is the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) kinase pathway. The HOG pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts is responsible for volume recovery after dangerous shape modifications and intracellular water disbalance caused by environmental osmotic pressure changes. Thus, we evaluated the HOG pathway inactivation effect on S. cerevisiae's reaction to PEF treatment. Results showed that Hog1 deficient S. cerevisiae cells were considerably more sensitive to electric field treatment, confirming a link between the HOG pathway and S. cerevisiae recovery process after electroporation. By suddenly changing the osmolarity of the media after PEF we influenced the cells' plasma membrane recovery rate, severity of permeabilization and survivability of yeast cells. Studies of electroporation in combination with various treatments might improve electric field application range, efficiency, and optimization of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Gančytė
- Laboratory of Bioelectrics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, State Research Institute, Sauletekio Ave. 3, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Povilas Šimonis
- Laboratory of Bioelectrics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, State Research Institute, Sauletekio Ave. 3, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arūnas Stirkė
- Laboratory of Bioelectrics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, State Research Institute, Sauletekio Ave. 3, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Micro and Nanodevices Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Kengaraga Str. 8, Riga, 1063, Latvia
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Lindelauf KHK, Thomas A, Baragona M, Jouni A, Nolte T, Pedersoli F, Pfeffer J, Baumann M, Maessen RTH, Ritter A. Plant-based model for the visual evaluation of electroporated area after irreversible electroporation and its comparison to in-vivo animal data. Sci Prog 2023; 106:368504231156294. [PMID: 36803089 PMCID: PMC10450266 DOI: 10.1177/00368504231156294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Electroporation (EP) is widely used in medicine, such as cancer treatment, in form of electrochemotherapy or irreversible electroporation (IRE). For EP device testing, living cells or tissue inside a living organism (including animals) are needed. Plant-based models seem to be a promising alternative to substitute animal models in research. The aim of this study is to find a suitable plant-based model for visual evaluation of IRE, and to compare the geometry of electroporated areas with in-vivo animal data.For this purpose, a variety of fruit and vegetables were selected and visually evaluated after 0/1/2/4/6/8/12/16/24 h post-EP. Apple and potato were found to be suitable models as they enabled a visual evaluation of the electroporated area. For these models, the size of the electroporated area was determined after 0/1/2/4/6/8/12/16/24 h. For apples, a well-defined electroporated area was visual within two hours, while in potatoes it reached a plateau after eight hours only. The electroporated area of apple, which showed the fastest visual results was then compared to a retrospectively evaluated swine liver IRE dataset which had been obtained for similar conditions. The electroporated area of the apple and swine liver both showed a spherical geometry of comparable size. For all experiments, the standard protocol for human liver IRE was followed. To conclude, potato and apple were found to be suitable plant-based models for the visual evaluation of electroporated area after irreversible EP, with apple being the best choice for fast visual results. Given the comparable range, the size of the electroporated area of the apple may be promising as a quantitative predictor in animal tissue. Even if plant-based models cannot completely replace animal experiments, they can be used in the early stages of EP device development and testing, decreasing animal experiments to the necessary minimum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim. H. K. Lindelauf
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Philips Research, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Athul Thomas
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Philips Research, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ali Jouni
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Philips Research, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Teresa Nolte
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Federico Pedersoli
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joachim Pfeffer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Baumann
- Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Ritter
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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4
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Moderate electric field-assisted hydro-distillation of thyme essential oil: Characterization of microstructural changes. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Rao X, Chen X, Zhou J, Sun L, Liu J. A Digital Controlled Pulse Generator for a Possible Tumor Therapy Combining Irreversible Electroporation With Nanosecond Pulse Stimulation. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2020; 14:595-605. [PMID: 32310780 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2020.2987376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The irreversible electroporation with microsecond electric pulses is a new ablation technique adopted in the tumor therapy worldwide. On the other hand, the nsPEF (nanosecond pulsed electric field) has been proved to provide a means to induce immunogenic cell death and elicits antitumor immunity, which is under intensive in-vitro and in-vivo studies and in clinical trials. Normally, one needs two different types of electric pulse generators for producing the pulses in the ranges of nanosecond and microsecond, respectively. In order to realize these two types of tumor treatments in complementary and optimize electrical pulse parameters, we have developed a compact high-voltage pulse generator with a wide pulse width tuning range, based on a capacitor discharging configuration digitally controlled by a silicon carbide MOSFET switching array through a pair of optic-coupler drivers. The developed digital pulse generator is capable of adjusting: pulse width over 100-100 μs, voltage over 0-2 kV and repetition rate up to 1.2 kHz. The pulse generator is designed in simulation, implemented and verified in experiments. The pulse generator is shown to deliver a complementary treatment on Murine melanoma B16 cell lines, i.e., triggering the cell early apoptosis under the 300 ns pulse stimulation while a complete killing under the 100 ns pulses. The pulse generator is further demonstrated to induce antitumor immunity in a preliminary in vivo study on the mice model.
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Ahmed Z, Manzoor MF, Ahmad N, Zeng X, Din ZU, Roobab U, Qayum A, Siddique R, Siddeeg A, Rahaman A. Impact of pulsed electric field treatments on the growth parameters of wheat seeds and nutritional properties of their wheat plantlets juice. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:2490-2500. [PMID: 32405405 PMCID: PMC7215213 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to explore the impacts of the pulsed electric field (PEF; 2 to 6 kV/cm; a number of pulses 25 and 50) on wheat (Tritium aestivum L.) seeds before imbibition to improve the germination, growth, and their nutritional profile in juice form. It was observed that the PEF treatment at 6 kV/cm at 50 pulses increased water uptake, germination of seeds, and growth parameters of seedlings. A significant increase in total phenolic contents, DPPH, chlorophylls, carotenoids, soluble proteins, minerals, and amino acids in PEF-treated seeds plantlets juice as compared to the untreated seeds plantlets juice was observed. The results indicate that the PEF may effectively stimulate the growth of the wheat kernels and positively affect their metabolism, optimize the nutrients, and enhance the strength of the wheat kernels plantlets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahoor Ahmed
- School of Food Science and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center)GuangzhouChina
| | - Muhammad Faisal Manzoor
- School of Food Science and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center)GuangzhouChina
| | - Nazir Ahmad
- Institute of Home and Food SciencesFaculty of Life SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Xin‐An Zeng
- School of Food Science and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center)GuangzhouChina
| | - Zia ud Din
- Department of Human NutritionThe University of Agriculture, PeshawarPeshawarPakistan
| | - Ume Roobab
- School of Food Science and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center)GuangzhouChina
| | - Abdul Qayum
- Key Laboratory of Dairy ScienceNortheast Agriculture UniversityMinistry of EducationHarbinChina
| | - Rabia Siddique
- Department of ChemistryGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Azhari Siddeeg
- Department of Food Engineering and TechnologyFaculty of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity GeziraWad MedaniSudan
| | - Abdul Rahaman
- School of Food Science and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center)GuangzhouChina
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7
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Effects of Actin Cytoskeleton Disruption on Electroporation In Vitro. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 191:1545-1561. [PMID: 32157625 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The role of actin fibers in cellular responses to external electric pulses is not clear yet. In this study, we utilized the blocker of actin polymerization, cytochalasin D (cytoD), and investigated its effects on the electropore generation. Eight 100 μs electric pulses of sub-kilovolt per centimeter voltage with 100 ms intervals were applied to adhered cells in vitro, and the membrane permeability was quantified using membrane-impermeable propidium iodide (PI) dye. With cytoD application, the transfer of PI dye decreased significantly in all the applied voltages. At the same time, the roughness of cells increased, the membrane stiffness decreased, and the transmembrane resting potential decreased. Our result supports that actin fibers have clear effects on electroporation through modulating membrane properties including transmembrane resting potential.
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Wu Y, Fu A, Yossifon G. Active particles as mobile microelectrodes for selective bacteria electroporation and transport. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay4412. [PMID: 32064350 PMCID: PMC6989140 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay4412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Self-propelling micromotors are emerging as a promising micro- and nanoscale tool for single-cell analysis. We have recently shown that the field gradients necessary to manipulate matter via dielectrophoresis can be induced at the surface of a polarizable active ("self-propelling") metallodielectric Janus particle (JP) under an externally applied electric field, acting essentially as a mobile floating microelectrode. Here, we successfully demonstrated that the application of an external electric field can singularly trap and transport bacteria and can selectively electroporate the trapped bacteria. Selective electroporation, enabled by the local intensification of the electric field induced by the JP, was obtained under both continuous alternating current and pulsed signal conditions. This approach is generic and applicable to bacteria and JP, as well as a wide range of cell types and micromotor designs. Hence, it constitutes an important and novel experimental tool for single-cell analysis and targeted delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Micro- and Nanofluidics Laboratory, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Afu Fu
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109602, Israel
| | - Gilad Yossifon
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Micro- and Nanofluidics Laboratory, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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Kim HB, Lee S, Shen Y, Ryu PD, Lee Y, Chung JH, Sung CK, Baik KY. Physicochemical factors that affect electroporation of lung cancer and normal cell lines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 517:703-708. [PMID: 31387747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.07.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Electroporation is used for cancer therapy to efficiently destroy cancer tissues by transferring anticancer drugs into cancer cells or by irreversible tumor ablation without resealing pores. There is growing interest in the electroporation method for the treatment of lung cancer, which has the highest mortality rate among cancers. Improving the cancer cell selectivity has the potential to expand its use. However, the factors that influence the cell selectivity of electroporation are debatable. We aimed to identify the important factors that influence the efficiency of electroporation in lung cells. The electropermeabilization of lung cancer cells (H460, A549, and HCC1588) and normal lung cells (MRC5, WI26 and L132) was evaluated by the transfer of fluorescence dyes. We found that membrane permeabilization increased as cell size, membrane stiffness, resting transmembrane potential, and lipid cholesterol ratio increased. Among them, lipid composition was found to be the most relevant factor in the electroporation of lung cells. Our results provide insight into the differences between lung cancer cells and normal lung cells and provide a basis for enhancing the sensitivity of lung cancers cells to electroporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Bae Kim
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Seho Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Yiming Shen
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Pan-Dong Ryu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Yunmi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, South Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Chung
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Chang Kyu Sung
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 07061, South Korea.
| | - Ku Youn Baik
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, South Korea.
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10
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Podolsky IA, Seppälä S, Lankiewicz TS, Brown JL, Swift CL, O'Malley MA. Harnessing Nature's Anaerobes for Biotechnology and Bioprocessing. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2019; 10:105-128. [PMID: 30883214 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060718-030340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Industrial biotechnology has the potential to decrease our reliance on petroleum for fuel and bio-based chemical production and also enable valorization of waste streams. Anaerobic microorganisms thrive in resource-limited environments and offer an array of novel bioactivities in this regard that could revolutionize biomanufacturing. However, they have not been adopted for widespread industrial use owing to their strict growth requirements, limited number of available strains, difficulty in scale-up, and genetic intractability. This review provides an overview of current and future uses for anaerobes in biotechnology and bioprocessing in the postgenomic era. We focus on the recently characterized anaerobic fungi (Neocallimastigomycota) native to the digestive tract of large herbivores, which possess a trove of enzymes, pathways, transporters, and other biomolecules that can be harnessed for numerous biotechnological applications. Resolving current genetic intractability, scale-up, and cultivation challenges will unlock the potential of these lignocellulolytic fungi and other nonmodel micro-organisms to accelerate bio-based production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Podolsky
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA; , , , , ,
| | - Susanna Seppälä
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA; , , , , ,
| | - Thomas S Lankiewicz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA; , , , , ,
| | - Jennifer L Brown
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA; , , , , ,
| | - Candice L Swift
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA; , , , , ,
| | - Michelle A O'Malley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA; , , , , ,
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11
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Microfluidic dielectrophoretic cell manipulation towards stable cell contact assemblies. Biomed Microdevices 2018; 20:95. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-018-0341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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12
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Kandušer M, Belič A, Čorović S, Škrjanc I. Modular Serial Flow Through device for pulsed electric field treatment of the liquid samples. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8115. [PMID: 28808315 PMCID: PMC5556104 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08620-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In biotechnology, medicine, and food processing, simple and reliable methods for cell membrane permeabilization are required for drug/gene delivery into the cells or for the inactivation of undesired microorganisms. Pulsed electric field treatment is among the most promising methods enabling both aims. The drawback in current technology is controllable large volume operation. To address this challenge, we have developed an experimental setup for flow through electroporation with online regulation of the flow rate with feedback control. We have designed a modular serial flow-through co-linear chamber with a smooth inner surface, the uniform cross-section geometry through the majority of the system’s length, and the mesh in contact with the electrodes, which provides uniform electric field distribution and fluid velocity equilibration. The cylindrical cross-section of the chamber prevents arching at the active treatment region. We used mathematical modeling for the evaluation of electric field distribution and the flow profile in the active region. The system was tested for the inactivation of Escherichia coli. We compared two flow-through chambers and used a static chamber as a reference. The experiments were performed under identical experimental condition (product and similar process parameters). The data were analyzed in terms of inactivation efficiency and specific energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maša Kandušer
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška 25, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Belič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška 25, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Selma Čorović
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška 25, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Igor Škrjanc
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška 25, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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13
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Daniels CS, Rubinsky B. Cryosurgery with pulsed electric fields. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26219. [PMID: 22087224 PMCID: PMC3210118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explores the hypothesis that combining the minimally invasive surgical techniques of cryosurgery and pulsed electric fields will eliminate some of the major disadvantages of these techniques while retaining their advantages. Cryosurgery, tissue ablation by freezing, is a well-established minimally invasive surgical technique. One disadvantage of cryosurgery concerns the mechanism of cell death; cells at high subzero temperature on the outer rim of the frozen lesion can survive. Pulsed electric fields (PEF) are another minimally invasive surgical technique in which high strength and very rapid electric pulses are delivered across cells to permeabilize the cell membrane for applications such as gene delivery, electrochemotherapy and irreversible electroporation. The very short time scale of the electric pulses is disadvantageous because it does not facilitate real time control over the procedure. We hypothesize that applying the electric pulses during the cryosurgical procedure in such a way that the electric field vector is parallel to the heat flux vector will have the effect of confining the electric fields to the frozen/cold region of tissue, thereby ablating the cells that survive freezing while facilitating controlled use of the PEF in the cold confined region. A finite element analysis of the electric field and heat conduction equations during simultaneous tissue treatment with cryosurgery and PEF (cryosurgery/PEF) was used to study the effect of tissue freezing on electric fields. The study yielded motivating results. Because of decreased electrical conductivity in the frozen/cooled tissue, it experienced temperature induced magnified electric fields in comparison to PEF delivered to the unfrozen tissue control. This suggests that freezing/cooling confines and magnifies the electric fields to those regions; a targeting capability unattainable in traditional PEF. This analysis shows how temperature induced magnified and focused PEFs could be used to ablate cells in the high subzero freezing region of a cryosurgical lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte S Daniels
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America.
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14
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Daniels CS, Rubinsky B. Temperature modulation of electric fields in biological matter. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20877. [PMID: 21695144 PMCID: PMC3113852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulsed electric fields (PEF) have become an important minimally invasive surgical technology for various applications including genetic engineering, electrochemotherapy and tissue ablation. This study explores the hypothesis that temperature dependent electrical parameters of tissue can be used to modulate the outcome of PEF protocols, providing a new means for controlling and optimizing this minimally invasive surgical procedure. This study investigates two different applications of cooling temperatures applied during PEF. The first case utilizes an electrode which simultaneously delivers pulsed electric fields and cooling temperatures. The subsequent results demonstrate that changes in electrical properties due to temperature produced by this configuration can substantially magnify and confine the electric fields in the cooled regions while almost eliminating electric fields in surrounding regions. This method can be used to increase precision in the PEF procedure, and eliminate muscle contractions and damage to adjacent tissues. The second configuration considered introduces a third probe that is not electrically active and only applies cooling boundary conditions. This second study demonstrates that in this probe configuration the temperature induced changes in electrical properties of tissue substantially reduce the electric fields in the cooled regions. This novel treatment can potentially be used to protect sensitive tissues from the effect of the PEF. Perhaps the most important conclusion of this investigation is that temperature is a powerful and accessible mechanism to modulate and control electric fields in biological tissues and can therefore be used to optimize and control PEF treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte S Daniels
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America.
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