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Zhu X, Zheng H, Zhang Z, Ma S, Feng Q, Wang J, Wu G, Ng HY. Cytotoxicity evaluation of organophosphorus flame retardants using electrochemical biosensors and elucidation of associated toxic mechanisms. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 265:122262. [PMID: 39167971 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) have been widely used as substitutes for brominated flame retardants with excellent properties, and their initial toxicological effects on the water ecosystem and human health have gradually emerged. However, to date, research on the cytotoxicity and health risks of OPFRs is still limited. Therefore, this study aims to systematically explore the cytotoxic effects and toxic mechanisms of OPFRs on cells. Human liver cancer (HepG2) cells were adopted as an ideal model for toxicity evaluation due to their rapid growth and metabolism. This study proposes a sensitive electrochemical cell-based sensor constructed on a graphitized multi-walled carbon nanotube/ionic liquid/gold nanoparticle-modified electrode. The sensor was used to detect the cytotoxicity of tri(2-butylxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP), tributyl phosphate (TnBP), triphenyl phosphate (TPhP), tri(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP), tri(2-chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP) and tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) in the liquid medium, providing insight into their toxicity in water environments. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of TBEP, TnBP, TPhP, TDCIPP, TCPP and TCEP on HepG2 cells were 179.4, 194.9, 219.8, 339.4, 511.8 and 859.0 μM, respectively. Additionally, the cytotoxic mechanism of six OPFRs was discussed from the perspective of oxidative stress and apoptosis, and four indexes were correlated with toxicity. Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing was conducted, followed by a thorough analysis of the obtained sequencing results. This analysis demonstrated a significant enrichment of the p53 and PPAR pathways, both of which are closely associated with oxidative stress and apoptosis. This study presents a simplified and efficient technique for conducting in vitro toxicity studies on organophosphorus flame retardants in a water environment. Moreover, it establishes a scientific foundation for further investigation into the mechanisms of cytotoxicity associated with these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Zhu
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Huizi Zheng
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Shuang Ma
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Qi Feng
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Jinsheng Wang
- Center for Water Research, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China
| | - Guanlan Wu
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China; Center for Water Research, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China.
| | - How Yong Ng
- Center for Water Research, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore.
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Hu H, Chen J, Zhang F, Sheng Z, Yang Y, Xie Y, Zhou L, Liu Y. Evaluation of Efficiency of Liposome-Entrapped Iridium(III) Complexes Inhibiting Tumor Growth In Vitro and In Vivo. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 39264254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, three new iridium(III) complexes: [Ir(piq)2(DFIPP)]PF6 (piq = deprotonated 1-phenylisoquinoline, DFIPP = 3,4-difluoro-2-(1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenenthrolin-2-yl)phenol, 3a), [Ir(bzq)2(DFIPP)]PF6 (bzq = deprotonated benzo[h]quinoline, 3b), and [Ir(ppy)2(DFIPP)]PF6 (ppy = deprotonated 1-phenylpyridine, 3c), were synthesized and characterized. The complexes were found to be nontoxic to tumor cells via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Surprisingly, its liposome-entrapped complexes 3alip, 3blip, and 3clip on B16 cells showed strong cytotoxicity (IC50 = 13.6 ± 2.8, 9.6 ± 1.1, and 18.9 ± 2.1 μM). Entry of 3alip, 3blip, and 3clip into B16 cells decreases mitochondrial membrane potential, regulates Bcl-2 family proteins, releases cytochrome c, triggers caspase family cascade reaction, and induces apoptosis. In addition, we also found that 3alip, 3blip, and 3clip triggered ferroptosis and autophagy. In vivo studies demonstrated that 3blip inhibited melanoma growth in C57 mice with a high inhibitory rate of 83.95%, and no organic damage was found in C57 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhujun Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510317, PR China
| | - Yufeng Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lin Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yunjun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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Cheng M, Tao X, Wang F, Shen N, Xu Z, Hu Y, Huang P, Luo P, He Q, Zhang Y, Yan F. Underlying mechanisms and management strategies for regorafenib-induced toxicity in hepatocellular carcinoma. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024:1-16. [PMID: 39225462 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2024.2398628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 85% of liver cancer cases and is the third leading cause of cancer death. Regorafenib is a multi-target inhibitor that dramatically prolongs progression-free survival in HCC patients who have failed sorafenib therapy. However, one of the primary factors limiting regorafenib's clinical utilization is toxicity. Using Clinical Trials.gov and PubMed, we gathered clinical data on regorafenib and conducted a extensive analysis of the medication's adverse reactions and mechanisms. Next, we suggested suitable management techniques to improve regorafenib's effectiveness. AREAS COVERED We have reviewed the mechanisms by which regorafenib-induced toxicity occurs and general management strategies through clinical trials of regorafenib. Furthermore, by examining the literature on regorafenib and other tyrosine kinase inhibition, we summarized the mechanics of the onset of regorafenib toxicity and mechanism-based intervention strategies by reviewing the literature related to regorafenib and other tyrosine kinase inhibition. EXPERT OPINION One of the primary factors restricting regorafenib's clinical utilization and combination therapy is its toxicity reactions. To optimize regorafenib treatment regimens, it is especially important to further understand the specific toxicity mechanisms of regorafenib as a multi-kinase inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Cheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Tao
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Outpatient Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nonger Shen
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhifei Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuhuai Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for malignant tumor, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Peihua Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for malignant tumor, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangjie Yan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Hong WL, Huang H, Zeng X, Duan CY. Targeting mitochondrial quality control: new therapeutic strategies for major diseases. Mil Med Res 2024; 11:59. [PMID: 39164792 PMCID: PMC11337860 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00556-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a crucial role in maintaining the normal physiological state of cells. Hence, ensuring mitochondrial quality control is imperative for the prevention and treatment of numerous diseases. Previous reviews on this topic have however been inconsistencies and lack of systematic organization. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive and systematic overview of mitochondrial quality control and explore the possibility of targeting the same for the treatment of major diseases. This review systematically summarizes three fundamental characteristics of mitochondrial quality control, including mitochondrial morphology and dynamics, function and metabolism, and protein expression and regulation. It also extensively examines how imbalances in mitochondrial quality are linked to major diseases, such as ischemia-hypoxia, inflammatory disorders, viral infections, metabolic dysregulations, degenerative conditions, and tumors. Additionally, the review explores innovative approaches to target mitochondrial quality control, including using small molecule drugs that regulate critical steps in maintaining mitochondrial quality, nanomolecular materials designed for precise targeting of mitochondria, and novel cellular therapies, such as vesicle therapy and mitochondrial transplantation. This review offers a novel perspective on comprehending the shared mechanisms underlying the occurrence and progression of major diseases and provides theoretical support and practical guidance for the clinical implementation of innovative therapeutic strategies that target mitochondrial quality control for treating major diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Long Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Xue Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Chen-Yang Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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Abdula AM, Mohsen GL, Jasim BH, Jabir MS, Rushdi AI, Baqi Y. Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and in silico study of new 3-furan-1-thiophene-based chalcones as antibacterial and anticancer agents. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32257. [PMID: 38947436 PMCID: PMC11214363 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
New 3-furan-1-thiophene-based chalcones were synthesized, characterized and pharmacologically evaluated as antibacterial and anticancer agents against two bacterial species; Gram-positive (Streptococcus pyogenes) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa). All tested final compounds were active against the two bacterial species; S. pyogenes and P . aeruginosa. Especially compound AM4 showed large inhibition zone (27.13 and 23.30 mm), respectively. Using the DPPH assay, the new chalcones were evaluated for their free radical scavenging activity and found to reach up to 90 %, accomplished at a test concentration of 200 μg/mL. Furthermore, the chalcone derivatives were investigated against two breast cell lines; MCF-7 (cancerous) and MCF-10A (non-cancerous). Compound AM4 showed potent anticancer activity (IC50 = 19.354 μg/mL) in comparison to the other tested chalcone derivatives. In silico study was achieved using the PyRx AutoDock Vina software (0.8) to study the interaction types between the new hits and the binding sites of targeted proteins; glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase and tubulin, the target for antibacterial and anticancer drugs, respectively. Based on the molecular docking results the tested chalcones bind to the active pocket of the respective proteins, which support the in vitro results. In conclusion, 3-furan-1-thiophene-based chalcones could serve as new hits in the discovery of novel anticancer and/or antibacterial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mutanabbi Abdula
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, P.O. Box 14022, Iraq
| | - Ghosoun Lafta Mohsen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Nahrain University, Baghdad, P.O. Box 64074, Iraq
| | - Bilal H. Jasim
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, P.O. Box 19006, Iraq
| | - Majid S. Jabir
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, P.O. Box 19006, Iraq
| | - Abduljabbar I.R. Rushdi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, P.O. Box 14022, Iraq
| | - Younis Baqi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, P.O. Box 36, Oman
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Makinde E, Ma L, Mellick GD, Feng Y. A High-Throughput Screening of a Natural Products Library for Mitochondria Modulators. Biomolecules 2024; 14:440. [PMID: 38672457 PMCID: PMC11048375 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, the energy hubs of the cell, are progressively becoming attractive targets in the search for potent therapeutics against neurodegenerative diseases. The pivotal role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), underscores the urgency of discovering novel therapeutic strategies. Given the limitations associated with available treatments for mitochondrial dysfunction-associated diseases, the search for new potent alternatives has become imperative. In this report, we embarked on an extensive screening of 4224 fractions from 384 Australian marine organisms and plant samples to identify natural products with protective effects on mitochondria. Our initial screening using PD patient-sourced olfactory neurosphere-derived (hONS) cells with rotenone as a mitochondria stressor resulted in 108 promising fractions from 11 different biota. To further assess the potency and efficacy of these hits, the 11 biotas were subjected to a subsequent round of screening on human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells, using 6-hydroxydopamine to induce mitochondrial stress, complemented by a mitochondrial membrane potential assay. This rigorous process yielded 35 active fractions from eight biotas. Advanced analysis using an orbit trap mass spectrophotometer facilitated the identification of the molecular constituents of the most active fraction from each of the eight biotas. This meticulous approach led to the discovery of 57 unique compounds, among which 12 were previously recognized for their mitoprotective effects. Our findings highlight the vast potential of natural products derived from Australian marine organisms and plants in the quest for innovative treatments targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Makinde
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (E.M.); (L.M.); (G.D.M.)
| | - Linlin Ma
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (E.M.); (L.M.); (G.D.M.)
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - George D. Mellick
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (E.M.); (L.M.); (G.D.M.)
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Yunjiang Feng
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (E.M.); (L.M.); (G.D.M.)
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
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Yang J, Yu Z, Jiang Y, Zhang Z, Tian Y, Cai J, Wei M, Lyu Y, Yang D, Shen S, Xing G, Li M. SIRT3 alleviates painful diabetic neuropathy by mediating the FoxO3a-PINK1-Parkin signaling pathway to activate mitophagy. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14703. [PMID: 38572816 PMCID: PMC10993345 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is a common complication of diabetes. Previous studies have implicated that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a role in the development of PDN, but its pathogenesis and mechanism have not been fully investigated. METHODS In this study, we used high-fat diet/low-dose streptozotocin-induced rats as a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Behavioral testing, whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, and complex sensory nerve conduction velocity studies were used to assess peripheral neuropathy. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), ATP, tissue reactive oxygen species, and transmission electron microscopy were used to evaluate the function and morphology of mitochondria in DRG. Real-time PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence were performed to investigate the mechanism. RESULTS We found that damaged mitochondria were accumulated and mitophagy was inhibited in PDN rats. The expression of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), which is an NAD+-dependent deacetylase in mitochondria, was inhibited. Overexpression of SIRT3 in DRG neurons by intrathecally administered LV-SIRT3 lentivirus ameliorated neurological and mitochondrial dysfunctions. This was evidenced by the reversal of allodynia and nociceptor hyperexcitability, as well as the restoration of MMP and ATP levels. Overexpression of SIRT3 restored the inhibited mitophagy by activating the FoxO3a-PINK1-Parkin signaling pathway. The effects of SIRT3 overexpression, including the reversal of allodynia and nociceptor hyperexcitability, the improvement of impaired mitochondria and mitophagy, and the restoration of PINK1 and Parkin expression, were counteracted when FoxO3a siRNA was intrathecally injected. CONCLUSION These results showed that SIRT3 overexpression ameliorates PDN via activation of FoxO3a-PINK1-Parkin-mediated mitophagy, suggesting that SIRT3 may become an encouraging therapeutic strategy for PDN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of AnesthesiologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Zhuoying Yu
- Department of AnesthesiologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Ye Jiang
- Department of AnesthesiologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Zixian Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory for NeuroscienceMinistry of Education of China and National Health Commission of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Yue Tian
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory for NeuroscienceMinistry of Education of China and National Health Commission of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Jie Cai
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory for NeuroscienceMinistry of Education of China and National Health Commission of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Min Wei
- Department of AnesthesiologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yanhan Lyu
- Department of AnesthesiologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Dongsheng Yang
- Department of AnesthesiologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Shixiong Shen
- Department of AnesthesiologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Guo‐Gang Xing
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory for NeuroscienceMinistry of Education of China and National Health Commission of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Min Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
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Yap SH, Lee CS, Zulkifli ND, Suresh D, Hamase K, Das KT, Rajasuriar R, Leong KH. D-Amino acids differentially trigger an inflammatory environment in vitro. Amino Acids 2024; 56:6. [PMID: 38310167 PMCID: PMC10838247 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03360-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Studies in vivo have demonstrated that the accumulation of D-amino acids (D-AAs) is associated with age-related diseases and increased immune activation. However, the underlying mechanism(s) of these observations are not well defined. The metabolism of D-AAs by D-amino oxidase (DAO) produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a reactive oxygen species involved in several physiological processes including immune response, cell differentiation, and proliferation. Excessive levels of H2O2 contribute to oxidative stress and eventual cell death, a characteristic of age-related pathology. Here, we explored the molecular mechanisms of D-serine (D-Ser) and D-alanine (D-Ala) in human liver cancer cells, HepG2, with a focus on the production of H2O2 the downstream secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine, and subsequent cell death. In HepG2 cells, we demonstrated that D-Ser decreased H2O2 production and induced concentration-dependent depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). This was associated with the upregulation of activated NF-кB, pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α, and chemokine, IL-8 secretion, and subsequent apoptosis. Conversely, D-Ala-treated cells induced H2O2 production, and were also accompanied by the upregulation of activated NF-кB, TNF-α, and IL-8, but did not cause significant apoptosis. The present study confirms the role of both D-Ser and D-Ala in inducing inflammatory responses, but each via unique activation pathways. This response was associated with apoptotic cell death only with D-Ser. Further research is required to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying D-AA-induced inflammation and its downstream consequences, especially in the context of aging given the wide detection of these entities in systemic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Hwei Yap
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Cheng Siang Lee
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Diyana Zulkifli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
| | - Darshinie Suresh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Kenji Hamase
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kumitaa Theva Das
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
| | - Reena Rajasuriar
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kok Hoong Leong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Li F, Li D, Yan X, Zhu F, Tang S, Liu J, Yan J, Chen H. Quercetin Promotes the Repair of Mitochondrial Function in H9c2 Cells Through the miR-92a-3p/Mfn1 Axis. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:1858-1866. [PMID: 38173217 DOI: 10.2174/0113892010266863231030052150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiocerebrovascular disease is a severe threat to human health. Quercetin has a wide range of pharmacological effects such as antitumor and antioxidant. In this study, we aimed to determine how quercetin regulates mitochondrial function in H9c2 cells. METHODS An H9c2 cell oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model was constructed. The expression of miR-92a-3p and mitofusin 1 (Mfn1) mRNA in the cells was detected using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential of cells were examined by JC-1 staining. ATP production in the cells was detected using a biochemical assay. Mitochondrial morphological changes were observed using transmission electron microscopy. Detection of miR-92a-3p binding to Mfn1 was done using dual luciferase. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of Mfn1 in the cells. RESULTS miR-92a-3p is essential in regulating cell viability, apoptosis, and tumor cell metastasis. OGD/R induced miR-92a-3p expression, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial ATP production, and increased mitochondrial damage. Mitochondria are the most critical site for ATP production. Continued opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore results in an abnormal mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Both quercetin and inhibition of miR-29a-3p were able to downregulate miR-29a-3p levels, increase cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ATP levels, and improve mitochondrial damage morphology. Furthermore, we found that downregulation of miR-29a-3p upregulated the protein expression of Mfn1 in cells. Additionally, miR-92a-3p was found to bind to Mfn1 in a luciferase assay. miR- 29a-3p overexpression significantly inhibited the protein expression level of Mfn1. Quercetin treatment partially reversed the effects of miR-29a-3p overexpression in H9c2 cells. CONCLUSION Quercetin promoted the recovery of mitochondrial damage in H9c2 cells through the miR-92a-3p/Mfn1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Li
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Third Hospital and Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430056, Hubei, China
| | - Dongsheng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Third Hospital and Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430056, Hubei, China
| | - Xisheng Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Third Hospital and Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430056, Hubei, China
| | - Fen Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Third Hospital and Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430056, Hubei, China
| | - Shifan Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Third Hospital and Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430056, Hubei, China
| | - Jianguang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Third Hospital and Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430056, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Forensic Science, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Haifeng Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, Hubei, China
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Bioactive Peptides from Skipjack Tuna Cardiac Arterial Bulbs (II): Protective Function on UVB-Irradiated HaCaT Cells through Antioxidant and Anti-Apoptotic Mechanisms. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21020105. [PMID: 36827146 PMCID: PMC9962892 DOI: 10.3390/md21020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective function and mechanism of TCP3 (PKK), TCP6 (YEGGD) and TCP9 (GPGLM) from skipjack tuna cardiac arterial bulbs on skin photoaging using UVB-irradiated HaCaT cell model. The present results indicated that TCP3 (PKK), TCP6 (YEGGD) and TCP9 (GPGLM) had significant cytoprotective effect on UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells (p < 0.001). Hoechst 33342 staining showed that apoptosis of UV-irradiated HaCaT cells could be significantly reduced by the treatment of TCP3 (PKK), TCP6 (YEGGD) and TCP9 (GPGLM); JC-1 staining showed that TCP3 (PKK), TCP6 (YEGGD) and TCP9 (GPGLM) could protect HaCaT cells from apoptosis by restoring mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP); Furthermore, TCP3 (PKK), TCP6 (YEGGD) and TCP9 (GPGLM) could significantly down-regulate the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and reduce the expression level of the apoptosis-executing protein Caspase-3 by decreasing the expression of protein Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 (p < 0.05). The action mechanism indicated that TCP3 (PKK), TCP6 (YEGGD) and TCP9 (GPGLM) could up-regulate the expression levels of Nrf2, NQO1 and HO-1 (p < 0.05), which further increased the activity of downstream proteases (SOD, CAT and GSH-Px), and scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased the intracellular levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). In addition, molecular docking indicated that TCP3 (PKK) and TCP6 (YEGGD) could competitively inhibit the Nrf2 binding site because they can occupy the connection site of Nrf2 by binding to the Kelch domain of Keap1 protein. TCP9 (GPGLM) was inferred to be non-competitive inhibition because it could not bind to the active site of the Kelch domain of Keap1 protein. In summary, the antioxidant peptides TCP3 (PKK), TCP6 (YEGGD) and TCP9 (GPGLM) from cardiac arterial bulbs of skipjack tuna can effectively protect HaCaT cells from UVB-irradiated damage and can be used in the development of healthy and cosmetic products to treat diseases caused by UV radiation.
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Lee H, An G, Lim W, Song G. Pendimethalin exposure induces bovine mammary epithelial cell death through excessive ROS production and alterations in the PI3K and MAPK signaling pathways. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:105254. [PMID: 36464334 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Herbicides are chemicals that have been established to have adverse impacts. However, they are still widely used in agriculture. Pendimethalin (PDM) is an herbicide that is widely used in many countries to control annual grasses. The possibility of livestock being exposed to PDM is relatively high, considering the half-life of PDM and its residues in water, soil and crops. However, the toxicity of PDM in cattle, especially in the mammary glands, has not been reported. Therefore, we investigated whether PDM has toxic effects in the mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) of cattle. MAC-T cells were treated with various doses (0, 2.5, 5 and 10 μM) of PDM. We found that PDM affected cell viability and cell proliferation and causes cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, PDM triggered cell apoptosis, induced excessive ROS production and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) loss, and disrupted calcium homeostasis. In addition, PDM altered the activation of proteins associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and modified PI3K and MAPK signaling cascades. In conclusion, our current study unveiled the mechanism of PDM in MAC-T cells and we suggest that PDM might be harmful to the mammary gland system of cattle, possibly affecting milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojun Lee
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Garam An
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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