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Ferrucci A, Lupo M, Turco S, Pavese V, Marinoni DT, Botta R, Cristofori V, Mazzaglia A, Silvestri C. A roadmap of tissue culture and biotechnology in European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 205:108167. [PMID: 37977029 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The increasing interest in European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cultivation registered in the last years has led to a significant increase in worldwide hazelnut growing areas, also involving regions characterized by a marginal presence of hazelnut orchards. Despite this increasement, world production still relies on the cultivation of few varieties, most of which are particularly suitable to the environment where they have been selected. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new cultivars with high environmental plasticity capable of providing constant and high-quality productions in the new environments and under the climatic change conditions of traditional growing areas. Over the years, many molecular markers for genetic breeding programs have been developed and omics sciences also provided further information about the genetics of this species. These data could be of support to the application of new plant breeding techniques (NPBTs), which would allow the development of cultivars with the desired characteristics in a shorter time than traditional techniques. However, the application of these methodologies is subordinated to the development of effective regeneration protocols which, to date, have been set up exclusively for seed-derived explants. A further aspect to be exploited is represented by the possibility of cultivating hazelnut cells and tissues in vitro to produce secondary metabolites of therapeutic interest. This review aims to consolidate the state of the art on biotechnologies and in vitro culture techniques applied on this species, also describing the various studies that over time allowed the identification of genomic regions that control traits of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ferrucci
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo De Lellis, S.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Michela Lupo
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo De Lellis, S.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Silvia Turco
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo De Lellis, S.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Vera Pavese
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Torello Marinoni
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Botta
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy
| | - Valerio Cristofori
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo De Lellis, S.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Angelo Mazzaglia
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo De Lellis, S.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Cristian Silvestri
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo De Lellis, S.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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Ozyigit II, Dogan I, Hocaoglu-Ozyigit A, Yalcin B, Erdogan A, Yalcin IE, Cabi E, Kaya Y. Production of secondary metabolites using tissue culture-based biotechnological applications. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1132555. [PMID: 37457343 PMCID: PMC10339834 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1132555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants are the sources of many bioactive secondary metabolites which are present in plant organs including leaves, stems, roots, and flowers. Although they provide advantages to the plants in many cases, they are not necessary for metabolisms related to growth, development, and reproduction. They are specific to plant species and are precursor substances, which can be modified for generations of various compounds in different plant species. Secondary metabolites are used in many industries, including dye, food processing and cosmetic industries, and in agricultural control as well as being used as pharmaceutical raw materials by humans. For this reason, the demand is high; therefore, they are needed to be obtained in large volumes and the large productions can be achieved using biotechnological methods in addition to production, being done with classical methods. For this, plant biotechnology can be put in action through using different methods. The most important of these methods include tissue culture and gene transfer. The genetically modified plants are agriculturally more productive and are commercially more effective and are valuable tools for industrial and medical purposes as well as being the sources of many secondary metabolites of therapeutic importance. With plant tissue culture applications, which are also the first step in obtaining transgenic plants with having desirable characteristics, it is possible to produce specific secondary metabolites in large-scale through using whole plants or using specific tissues of these plants in laboratory conditions. Currently, many studies are going on this subject, and some of them receiving attention are found to be taken place in plant biotechnology and having promising applications. In this work, particularly benefits of secondary metabolites, and their productions through tissue culture-based biotechnological applications are discussed using literature with presence of current studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilhan Dogan
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Akyazi Vocational School of Health Services, Sakarya University of Applied Science, Sakarya, Türkiye
| | - Asli Hocaoglu-Ozyigit
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Biology Program, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, Tekirdag Namık Kemal University, Tekirdag, Türkiye
| | - Bestenur Yalcin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Aysegul Erdogan
- Application and Research Centre for Testing and Analysis, EGE MATAL, Chromatography and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Ibrahim Ertugrul Yalcin
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Evren Cabi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Tekirdag Namık Kemal University, Tekirdag, Türkiye
| | - Yilmaz Kaya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Türkiye
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Hasnain A, Naqvi SAH, Ayesha SI, Khalid F, Ellahi M, Iqbal S, Hassan MZ, Abbas A, Adamski R, Markowska D, Baazeem A, Mustafa G, Moustafa M, Hasan ME, Abdelhamid MMA. Plants in vitro propagation with its applications in food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetic industries; current scenario and future approaches. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1009395. [PMID: 36311115 PMCID: PMC9606719 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1009395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant tissue culture technique employed for the identification and isolation of bioactive phytocompounds has numerous industrial applications. It provides potential benefits for different industries which include food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics. Various agronomic crops i.e., cereals, fruits, vegetables, ornamental plants and forest trees are currently being used for in vitro propagation. Plant tissue culture coupled with biotechnological approaches leads towards sustainable agricultural development providing solutions to major food security issues. Plants are the rich source of phytochemicals with medicinal properties rendering them useful for the industrial production of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. Furthermore, there are numerous plant compounds with application in the cosmetics industry. In addition to having moisturizing, anti-ageing, anti-wrinkle effects; plant-derived compounds also possess pharmacological properties such as antiviral, antimicrobial, antifungal, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergy characteristics. The in vitro propagation of industrially significant flora is gaining attention because of its several advantages over conventional plant propagation methods. One of the major advantages of this technique is the quick availability of food throughout the year, irrespective of the growing season, thus opening new opportunities to the producers and farmers. The sterile or endangered flora can also be conserved by plant micro propagation methods. Hence, plant tissue culture is an extremely efficient and cost-effective technique for biosynthetic studies and bio-production, biotransformation, or bioconversion of plant-derived compounds. However, there are certain limitations of in-vitro plant regeneration system including difficulties with continuous operation, product removal, and aseptic conditions. For sustainable industrial applications of in-vitro regenerated plants on a large scale, these constraints need to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammarah Hasnain
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (FAST), Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Iqra Ayesha
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Khalid
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Manahil Ellahi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shehzad Iqbal
- College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan Hassan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (FAST), Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Aqleem Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Robert Adamski
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Dorota Markowska
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Alaa Baazeem
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Mustafa
- Department of Agriculture (Extension and Adoptive Research), Agriculture Extension Department of Government of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahmoud Moustafa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E. Hasan
- Bioinformatics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. A. Abdelhamid
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Zhao Y, Cartabia A, Lalaymia I, Declerck S. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and production of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. MYCORRHIZA 2022; 32:221-256. [PMID: 35556179 PMCID: PMC9184413 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-022-01079-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are an important source of therapeutic compounds used in the treatment of many diseases since ancient times. Interestingly, they form associations with numerous microorganisms developing as endophytes or symbionts in different parts of the plants. Within the soil, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are the most prevalent symbiotic microorganisms forming associations with more than 70% of vascular plants. In the last decade, a number of studies have reported the positive effects of AMF on improving the production and accumulation of important active compounds in medicinal plants.In this work, we reviewed the literature on the effects of AMF on the production of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. The major findings are as follows: AMF impact the production of secondary metabolites either directly by increasing plant biomass or indirectly by stimulating secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways. The magnitude of the impact differs depending on the plant genotype, the AMF strain, and the environmental context (e.g., light, time of harvesting). Different methods of cultivation are used for the production of secondary metabolites by medicinal plants (e.g., greenhouse, aeroponics, hydroponics, in vitro and hairy root cultures) which also are compatible with AMF. In conclusion, the inoculation of medicinal plants with AMF is a real avenue for increasing the quantity and quality of secondary metabolites of pharmacological, medical, and cosmetic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanYan Zhao
- Université catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Mycology, Croix du Sud 2, box L7.05.06, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Annalisa Cartabia
- Université catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Mycology, Croix du Sud 2, box L7.05.06, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ismahen Lalaymia
- Université catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Mycology, Croix du Sud 2, box L7.05.06, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Declerck
- Université catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Mycology, Croix du Sud 2, box L7.05.06, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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Hussain MJ, Abbas Y, Nazli N, Fatima S, Drouet S, Hano C, Abbasi BH. Root Cultures, a Boon for the Production of Valuable Compounds: A Comparative Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11030439. [PMID: 35161423 PMCID: PMC8838425 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are an inevitable source of pharmaceutical drugs and most of the world population depends on these plants for health benefits. The increasing global demand for bioactive compounds from medicinal plants has posed a great threat to their existence due to overexploitation. Adventitious root and hairy root culture systems are an alternative approach to the conventional method for mass production of valuable compounds from medicinal plants owing to their rapid growth, biosynthetic and genetic stability. The main purpose of this review is to investigate the recent scientific research published worldwide on the application of adventitious and hairy root cultures to produce valuable compounds from medicinal plants. Furthermore, a comparison of adventitious root vs. hairy root cultures to produce valuable compounds has also been discussed. Various aspects such as medium composition, carbon source, pH, amount of macronutrients, optimization strategy, scale-up cultures, and use of biotic abiotic and nano-elicitors at various concentrations are the topic of discussion in this review. Several studies on adventitious and hairy root cultures of Polygonum multiflorum¸ Withania somnifera¸ Echinacea purpurea and Ajuga bracteosa have been discussed in detail which highlights the importance of elicitation strategies and bioreactor system, presenting commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masooma Jawad Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (M.J.H.); (Y.A.); (N.N.); (S.F.)
| | - Yawar Abbas
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (M.J.H.); (Y.A.); (N.N.); (S.F.)
| | - Naushaba Nazli
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (M.J.H.); (Y.A.); (N.N.); (S.F.)
| | - Sara Fatima
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (M.J.H.); (Y.A.); (N.N.); (S.F.)
| | - Samantha Drouet
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), University of Orleans, INRAE USC1328, F28000 Chartres, France; (S.D.); (C.H.)
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), University of Orleans, INRAE USC1328, F28000 Chartres, France; (S.D.); (C.H.)
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (M.J.H.); (Y.A.); (N.N.); (S.F.)
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Unravelling the multi-faceted regulatory role of polyamines in plant biotechnology, transgenics and secondary metabolomics. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:905-929. [PMID: 35039927 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11748-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) are ubiquitous low-molecular-weight, aliphatic compounds with wide as well as complex application in fundamental areas of plant growth and development. PAs are mediator of basic metabolism of organisms which include cell division and differentiation, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, reversal of oxidative damage, stabilization of nucleic acids, and protein and phospholipid binding. In plants, it attributes in direct and indirect organogenesis, endogenous phytohormone regulation, cellular compartmentalization, fruit and flower development, senescence, and secondary metabolite production which are highly tuned as first line of defense response. There are several aspects of polyamine-directed mechanism that regulate overall plant growth in vitro and in vivo. In the present review, we have critically discussed the role played by polyamine on the enhanced production of bioactive natural products and how the same polyamines are functioning against different environmental stress conditions, i.e., salinity, drought, high CO2 content, herbivory, and physical wounding. The role of polyamines on elicitation process has been highlighted previously, but it is important to note that its activity as growth regulator under in vitro condition is correlated with an array of intertwined mechanism and physiological tuning. Medicinal plants under different developmental stages of micropropagation are characterized with different functional aspects and regulatory changes during embryogenesis and organogenesis. The effect of precursor molecules as well as additives and biosynthetic inhibitors of polyamines in rhizogenesis, callogenesis, tuberization, embryogenesis, callus formation, and metabolite production has been discussed thoroughly. The beneficial effect of exogenous application of PAs in elicitation of secondary metabolite production, plant growth and morphogenesis and overall stress tolerance are summarized in this present work. KEY POINTS: • Polyamines (PAs) play crucial roles in in vitro organogenesis. • PAs elicitate bioactive secondary metabolites (SMs). • Transgenic studies elucidate and optimize PA biosynthetic genes coding SMs.
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Barba-Espín G, Martínez-Jiménez C, Izquierdo-Martínez A, Acosta-Motos JR, Hernández JA, Díaz-Vivancos P. H 2O 2-Elicitation of Black Carrot Hairy Roots Induces a Controlled Oxidative Burst Leading to Increased Anthocyanin Production. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122753. [PMID: 34961224 PMCID: PMC8703307 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Hairy roots (HRs) grown in vitro are a powerful platform for plant biotechnological advances and for the bio-based production of metabolites of interest. In this work, black carrot HRs able to accumulate anthocyanin as major secondary metabolite were used. Biomass and anthocyanin accumulation were improved by modulating growth medium composition-different Murashige & Skoog (MS)-based media-and H2O2-elicitation, and the level of the main antioxidant enzymes on elicited HRs was measured. Higher growth was obtained on liquid 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 60 g/L sucrose for HRs grown over 20 days. In this medium, 200 µM H2O2 applied on day 12 induced anthocyanin accumulation by 20%. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD)-which generates H2O2 from O2•--increased by over 50%, whereas the activity of H2O2-scavenging enzymes was not enhanced. Elicitation in the HRs can result in a controlled oxidative burst, in which SOD activity increased H2O2 levels, whereas anthocyanins, as effective reactive oxygen species scavengers, could be induced to modulate the oxidative burst generated. Moreover, given the proven stability of the HR lines used and their remarkable productivity, this system appears as suitable for elucidating the interplay between antioxidant and secondary metabolism.
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Kentsop RAD, Iobbi V, Donadio G, Ruffoni B, De Tommasi N, Bisio A. Abietane Diterpenoids from the Hairy Roots of Salvia corrugata. Molecules 2021; 26:5144. [PMID: 34500582 PMCID: PMC8434070 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia corrugata Vahl. is an interesting source of abietane and abeo-abietane compounds that showed antibacterial, antitumor, and cytotoxic activities. The aim of the study was to obtain transformed roots of S. corrugata and to evaluate the production of terpenoids in comparison with in vivo root production. Hairy roots were initiated from leaf explants by infection with ATCC 15834 Agrobacterium rhizogenes onto hormone-free Murashige and Skoog (MS) solid medium. Transformation was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction analysis of rolC and virC1 genes. The biomass production was obtained in hormone-free liquid MS medium using Temporary Immersion System bioreactor RITA®. The chromatographic separation of the methanolic extract of the untransformed roots afforded horminone, ferruginol, 7-O-acetylhorminone and 7-O-methylhorminone. Agastol and ferruginol were isolated and quantified from the hairy roots. The amount of these metabolites indicated that the hairy roots of S. corrugata can be considered a source of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roméo Arago Dougué Kentsop
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (R.A.D.K.); (V.I.)
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura—CREA Centro di Ricerca Orticoltura e Florovivaismo, Corso degli Inglesi, 508, 18038 Sanremo, Italy;
| | - Valeria Iobbi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (R.A.D.K.); (V.I.)
| | - Giuliana Donadio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Barbara Ruffoni
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura—CREA Centro di Ricerca Orticoltura e Florovivaismo, Corso degli Inglesi, 508, 18038 Sanremo, Italy;
| | - Nunziatina De Tommasi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Angela Bisio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (R.A.D.K.); (V.I.)
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Responses of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants to Engineered Nanoparticles. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11041813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal and aromatic plants have been used by mankind since ancient times. This is primarily due to their healing effects associated with their specific secondary metabolites (some of which are also used as drugs in modern medicine), or their structures, served as a basis for the development of new effective synthetic drugs. One way to increase the production of these secondary metabolites is to use nanoparticles that act as elicitors. However, depending on the specific particle size, composition, concentration, and route of application, nanoparticles may have several other benefits on medicinal and aromatic plants (e.g., increased plant growth, improved photosynthesis, and overall performance). On the other hand, particularly at applications of high concentrations, they are able to damage plants mechanically, adversely affect morphological and biochemical characteristics of plants, and show cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the beneficial and adverse effects of metal-, metalloid-, and carbon-based nanoparticles on the germination, growth, and biochemical characteristics of a wide range of medicinal and aromatic plants, including the corresponding mechanisms of action. The positive impact of nanopriming and application of nanosized fertilizers on medicinal and aromatic plants is emphasized. Special attention is paid to the effects of various nanoparticles on the production of valuable secondary metabolites in these plants cultivated in hydroponic systems, soil, hairy root, or in vitro cultures. The beneficial impact of nanoparticles on the alleviation of abiotic stresses in medicinal and aromatic plants is also discussed.
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Steviol glycosides profile in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni hairy roots cultured under oxidative stress-inducing conditions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:5929-5941. [PMID: 32468157 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10661-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The ability to synthesize particular steviol glycosides (SvGls) was studied in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni hairy roots (HR) grown in the light or in the dark under the influence of different osmotic active compounds. Manipulation of culture conditions led to changes in the morphology and growth rate of HR, as well as to an increase in oxidative stress manifested as an enhancement in endogenous hydrogen peroxide concentration in the cultured samples. The highest level of H2O2 was noted in HR cultured under light or in the medium with the highest osmotic potential. This correlated with the highest increase in the expression level of ent-kaurenoic acid hydroxylase, responsible for the redirection of metabolic route to SvGls biosynthesis pathway. An analysis of transcriptional activity of some UDPglucosyltransferase (UGT85c2, UGT74g1, UGT76g1) revealed that all of them were upregulated due to the manipulation of culture conditions. However, the level of their upregulation depended on the type of stress factor used in our experiment. Analysis of SvGls content revealed that HR grown under all applied conditions were able to synthesize and accumulate several SvGls but their concentration differed between the samples across the different conditions. The level of rebaudioside A concentration exceeded the content of stevioside in HR in all tested conditions. Concomitantly, the presence of some minor SvGls, such as steviolbioside and rebaudioside F, was confirmed only in HR cultured in the lowest osmotic potential of the medium while rebaudioside D was also detected in the samples cultured in the media supplemented with NaCl or PEG.Key Points● Several steviol glycosides are synthesized in hairy roots of S. rebaudiana.● Light or osmotic factors cause enhancement in oxidative stress level in hairy roots.● It correlates with a significant increase in the level of KAH expression.● UGTs expression and steviol glycosides content depends on culture conditions.
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Yu J, Zhang Y, Ning S, Ye Q, Tan H, Chen R, Bu Q, Zhang R, Gong P, Ma X, Zhang L, Wei D. Molecular cloning and metabolomic characterization of the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene from Baphicacanthus cusia. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:485. [PMID: 31706293 PMCID: PMC6842527 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indigo alkaloids, such as indigo, indirubin and its derivatives, have been identified as effective antiviral compounds in Baphicacanthus cusia. Evidence suggests that the biosynthesis of indigo alkaloids in plants occurs via the shikimate pathway. The enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) is involved in plant metabolism; however, its underlying putative mechanism of regulating the production of indigo alkaloids is currently unknown. RESULTS One gene encoding EPSPS was isolated from B. cusia. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that BcEPSPS was expressed at the highest level in the stem and upregulated by methyl jasmonate (MeJA), salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. The results of subcellular localization indicated that BcEPSPS is mainly expressed in both the plastids and cytosol, which has not been previously reported. An enzyme assay revealed that the heterogeneously expressed BcEPSPS protein catalysed the generation of 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate. The overexpression of BcEPSPS in Isatis indigotica hairy roots resulted in the high accumulation of indigo alkaloids, such as indigo, secologanin, indole and isorhamnetin. CONCLUSIONS The function of BcEPSPS in catalysing the production of EPSP and regulating indigo alkaloid biosynthesis was revealed, which provided a distinct view of plant metabolic engineering. Our findings have practical implications for understanding the effect of BcEPSPS on active compound biosynthesis in B. cusia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Changzheng Hosipital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuju Ning
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Ye
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Hexin Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruibing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Qitao Bu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Peimin Gong
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | - Daozhi Wei
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Parsons JL, Cameron SI, Harris CS, Smith ML. Echinacea biotechnology: advances, commercialization and future considerations. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:485-494. [PMID: 30303034 PMCID: PMC6179083 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1501583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Plants of the genus Echinacea (Asteraceae) are among the most popular herbal supplements on the market today. Recent studies indicate there are potential new applications and emerging markets for this natural health product (NHP). OBJECTIVE This review aims to synthesize recent developments in Echinacea biotechnology and to identify promising applications for these advances in the industry. METHODS A comprehensive survey of peer-reviewed publications was carried out, focusing on Echinacea biotechnology and impacts on phytochemistry. This article primarily covers research findings since 2007 and builds on earlier reviews on the biotechnology of Echinacea. RESULTS Bioreactors, genetic engineering and controlled biotic or abiotic elicitation have the potential to significantly improve the yield, consistency and overall quality of Echinacea products. Using these technologies, a variety of new applications for Echinacea can be realized, such as the use of seed oil and antimicrobial and immune boosting feed additives for livestock. CONCLUSIONS New applications can take advantage of the well-established popularity of Echinacea as a NHP. Echinacea presents a myriad of potential health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic and antibiotic activities that have yet to be fully translated into new applications. The distinct chemistry and bioactivity of different Echinacea species and organs, moreover, can lead to interesting and diverse commercial opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Parsons
- Ottawa-Carleton Institute of Biology, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Stewart I. Cameron
- Wood Science and Technology Centre, Hugh John Flemming Forestry Centre, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Cory S. Harris
- Ottawa-Carleton Institute of Biology, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Myron L. Smith
- Ottawa-Carleton Institute of Biology, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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13
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Cüce M, Bekircan T, Sökmen A. Phenolic Constituents of Vaccinium Species from Both Natural Resources and Micropropagated Plantlets. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SECONDARY METABOLITE 2018. [DOI: 10.21448/ijsm.445551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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14
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Tavassoli P, Safipour Afshar A. Influence of different Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains on hairy root induction and analysis of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in marshmallow ( Althaea officinalis L.). 3 Biotech 2018; 8:351. [PMID: 30073136 PMCID: PMC6068069 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1375-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hairy roots were induced in Althea officinalis using Agrobacterium rhizogenes, strains A4, A13, ATCC15834, and ATCC15834(GUS). The leaf, petiole and shoot explants of marshmallow were used for the hairy roots induction. When hairy roots appeared, cultures were established in MS (Murashige and Skoog) liquid medium without growth regulators. Hairy roots in explants appeared 5-12 days after inoculation. Maximum transformation frequency of 83% was observed on shoot explants with ATCC15834 strain. Among the strains, ATCC15834(GUS) strain showed better potential in the mass production of hairy roots in the hormone-free liquid medium after 50 days of culturing. The highest total phenolic and flavonoids content was found at 1.57 ± 0.1 mg/g dry weight in A13 strain and 3.47 ± 0.3 mg/g in A4 strain, respectively. Secondary metabolite content of hairy roots was found to be strain-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Tavassoli
- Biology Department, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
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15
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Chen R, Chen X, Zhu T, Liu J, Xiang X, Yu J, Tan H, Gao S, Li Q, Fang Y, Chen W, Zhang L, Huang B. Integrated Transcript and Metabolite Profiles Reveal That EbCHI Plays an Important Role in Scutellarin Accumulation in Erigeron breviscapus Hairy Roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:789. [PMID: 30013578 PMCID: PMC6036287 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Scutellarin, a flavonoid 7-O-glucuronide, is an essential bioactive compound of Erigeron breviscapus (Vaniot) Hand.-Mazz. used for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. However, due to overexploitation and overuse, E. breviscapus is facing the problems of extinction and habitat degradation. In this study, a correlation analysis between the transcript and metabolite profiles of methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-treated E. breviscapus at different time points indicated that chalcone isomerase (EbCHI) was the primary contributor to scutellarin accumulation during flavonoid biosynthesis. EbCHI was then further characterized as a chalcone isomerase that efficiently converted chalcone to naringenin in vitro. Optimal parameters derived by comparing different culture conditions were successfully used to establish hairy root cultures of E. breviscapus with a maximum transformation rate of 60% in B5 medium. Furthermore, overexpression of EbCHI significantly enhanced scutellarin accumulation in E. breviscapus hairy roots with a maximum content of 2.21 mg g-1 (dw), 10-fold higher than that of natural roots (0.21 mg g-1 dw). This study sheds new light on a method of effective gene-based metabolic engineering by accurate and appropriate strategies and provides a protocol for hairy root cultures that accumulate high levels of scutellarin, providing a promising prospect for relieving the overexploitation and unavailability of E. breviscapus in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibing Chen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianghui Chen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianghua Liu
- School of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Xing Xiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hexin Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shouhong Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichao Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baokang Huang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Balasubramanian M, Anbumegala M, Surendran R, Arun M, Shanmugam G. Elite hairy roots of Raphanus sativus (L.) as a source of antioxidants and flavonoids. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:128. [PMID: 29450118 PMCID: PMC5811410 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1153-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient protocol for hairy root induction in radish was established by optimizing several parameters that affect the efficiency of Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformations. Explants wounded using sterile hypodermic needle, infected with Agrobacterium suspension (0.6 OD600) for 10 min and co-cultivated in 1/2 MS medium containing acetosyringone (100 µM) for 2 days displayed maximum percentage of hairy root induction using MTCC 2364 (77.6%) and MTCC 532 (67.6%). On further experiments with MTCC 2364 initiated hairy roots, maximum biomass accumulation (fresh weight = 9.50 g; dry weight = 1.48 g) was achieved in liquid 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 87.6 mM sucrose after 40 days of culture. Transgenic state of hairy roots of MTCC 2364 was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction using rolB- and rolC-specific primers. The MTCC 2364-induced hairy roots produced higher amount of phenolic (33.0 mg g-1), flavonoid (48.0 mg g-1), and quercetin (114.8 mg g-1) content compared to auxin-induced roots of non-transformed radish. Furthermore, the results of ferric reducing antioxidant power and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay confirmed that the antioxidant activity of MTCC 2364 root extracts was improved when compared to auxin-induced roots of non-transformed radish. The present study offers a new insight in radish for production of phenolics and flavonoids (quercetin) using A. rhizogenes-mediated hairy root induction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Murugesan Anbumegala
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 046 India
| | - Ramasamy Surendran
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 046 India
| | - Muthukrishnan Arun
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 046 India
| | - Girija Shanmugam
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 046 India
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17
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D'Angiolillo F, Noccioli C, Ruffoni B, Scarpato R, Pistelli L, Pistelli L. Daidzein Production and HeLa Cytotoxicity of Bituminaria bituminosa Hairy Root Cultures. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701201119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) C.H. Stirt is a perennial species widely distributed in the Mediterranean basin and the Canary Islands. This species is used in folk medicine and currently has considerable pharmaceutical interest for its content in phenylpropanoids, furanocoumarins and pterocarpans. In vitro cultures (shoots and hairy roots) have been performed to obtain plant material useful for the production of these metabolites. Hairy root cultures were successfully established after inoculation of hypocotyls with the LBA 9402 A. rhizogenes strain. The HRPB3 line was selected for further analysis and elicited with chitosan and salicylic acid. All the HRPB3 cultures showed higher polyphenol content and greater DPPH-antioxidant activity than shoots cultured in vitro. The presence of isoflavone daidzein was detected in the hairy root extracts. The cytotoxic effect of HR extracts has been further tested on HeLa cells: the salicylic acid elicited HR exhibited good antiproliferative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Barbara Ruffoni
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, CRA FSO Ornamental Plants Research Unit, 18038 Sanremo (IM) – Italy
| | | | - Luisa Pistelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa – Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood—Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa - Italy
| | - Laura Pistelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa – Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood—Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa - Italy
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18
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Drobot KO, Matvieieva NA, Ostapchuk AM, Kharkhota MA, Duplij VP. Study of artemisinin and sugar accumulation in Artemisia vulgaris and Artemisia dracunculus "hairy" root cultures. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2017. [PMID: 28644710 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2017.1342262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effect of genetic transformation on biologically active compound (artemisinin and its co-products (ART) as well as sugars) accumulation in Artemisia vulgaris and Artemisia dracunculus "hairy" root cultures. Glucose, fructose, sucrose, and mannitol were accumulated in A. vulgaris and A. dracunculus "hairy" root lines. Genetic transformation has led in some cases to the sugar content increasing or appearing of nonrelevant for the control plant carbohydrates. Sucrose content was 1.6 times higher in A. vulgaris "hairy" root lines. Fructose content was found to be 3.4 times higher in A. dracunculus "hairy" root cultures than in the control roots. The accumulation of mannitol was a special feature of the leaves of A. vulgaris and A. dracunculus control roots. A. vulgaris "hairy" root lines differed also in ART accumulation level. The increase of ART content up to 1.02 mg/g DW in comparison with the nontransformed roots (up to 0.687 mg/g DW) was observed. Thus, Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated genetic transformation can be used for obtaining of A. vulgaris and A. dracunculus "hairy" root culture produced ART and sugars in a higher amount than mother plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna O Drobot
- a Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering , National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Nadiia A Matvieieva
- a Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering , National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Andriy M Ostapchuk
- b D.K. Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology , National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Maxim A Kharkhota
- b D.K. Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology , National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr P Duplij
- a Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering , National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Kyiv , Ukraine
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19
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Scale-Up of Agrobacterium rhizogenes-Mediated Hairy Root Cultures of Rauwolfia serpentina: A Persuasive Approach for Stable Reserpine Production. Methods Mol Biol 2016. [PMID: 27108322 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3332-7_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Roots of Rauwolfia serpentina, also known as "Sarpagandha" possess high pharmaceutical value due to the presence of reserpine and other medicinally important terpene indole alkaloids. Ever increasing commercial demand of R. serpentina roots is the major reason behind the unsystematic harvesting and fast decline of the species from its natural environment. Considering Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root cultures as an alternative source for the production of plant-based secondary metabolites, the present optimized protocol offers a commercially feasible method for the production of reserpine, the most potent alkaloid from R. serpentina roots. This end-to-end protocol presents the establishment of hairy root culture from the leaf explants of R. serpentina through the infection of A. rhizogenes strain A4 in liquid B5 culture medium and its up-scaling in a 5 L bench top, mechanically agitated bioreactor. The transformed nature of roots was confirmed through PCR-based rol A gene amplification in genomic DNA of putative hairy roots. The extraction and quantification of reserpine in bioreactor grown roots has been done using monolithic reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
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20
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Andre CM, Hausman JF, Guerriero G. Cannabis sativa: The Plant of the Thousand and One Molecules. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:19. [PMID: 26870049 PMCID: PMC4740396 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 687] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis sativa L. is an important herbaceous species originating from Central Asia, which has been used in folk medicine and as a source of textile fiber since the dawn of times. This fast-growing plant has recently seen a resurgence of interest because of its multi-purpose applications: it is indeed a treasure trove of phytochemicals and a rich source of both cellulosic and woody fibers. Equally highly interested in this plant are the pharmaceutical and construction sectors, since its metabolites show potent bioactivities on human health and its outer and inner stem tissues can be used to make bioplastics and concrete-like material, respectively. In this review, the rich spectrum of hemp phytochemicals is discussed by putting a special emphasis on molecules of industrial interest, including cannabinoids, terpenes and phenolic compounds, and their biosynthetic routes. Cannabinoids represent the most studied group of compounds, mainly due to their wide range of pharmaceutical effects in humans, including psychotropic activities. The therapeutic and commercial interests of some terpenes and phenolic compounds, and in particular stilbenoids and lignans, are also highlighted in view of the most recent literature data. Biotechnological avenues to enhance the production and bioactivity of hemp secondary metabolites are proposed by discussing the power of plant genetic engineering and tissue culture. In particular two systems are reviewed, i.e., cell suspension and hairy root cultures. Additionally, an entire section is devoted to hemp trichomes, in the light of their importance as phytochemical factories. Ultimately, prospects on the benefits linked to the use of the -omics technologies, such as metabolomics and transcriptomics to speed up the identification and the large-scale production of lead agents from bioengineered Cannabis cell culture, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle M. Andre
- Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyEsch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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21
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Horn P, Santala J, Nielsen SL, Hühns M, Broer I, Valkonen JPT. Composite potato plants with transgenic roots on non-transgenic shoots: a model system for studying gene silencing in roots. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2014; 33:1977-92. [PMID: 25182479 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1672-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Composite potato plants offer an extremely fast, effective and reliable system for studies on gene functions in roots using antisense or inverted-repeat but not sense constructs for gene inactivation. Composite plants, with transgenic roots on a non-transgenic shoot, can be obtained by shoot explant transformation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. The aim of this study was to generate composite potato plants (Solanum tuberosum) to be used as a model system in future studies on root-pathogen interactions and gene silencing in the roots. The proportion of transgenic roots among the roots induced was high (80-100%) in the four potato cultivars tested (Albatros, Desirée, Sabina and Saturna). No wild-type adventitious roots were formed at mock inoculation site. All strains of A. rhizogenes tested induced phenotypically normal roots which, however, showed a reduced response to cytokinin as compared with non-transgenic roots. Nevertheless, both types of roots were infected to a similar high rate with the zoospores of Spongospora subterranea, a soilborne potato pathogen. The transgenic roots of composite potato plants expressed significantly higher amounts of β-glucuronidase (GUS) than the roots of a GUS-transgenic potato line event. Silencing of the uidA transgene (GUS) was tested by inducing roots on the GUS-transgenic cv. Albatros event with strains of A. rhizogenes over-expressing either the uidA sense or antisense transcripts, or inverted-repeat or hairpin uidA RNA. The three last mentioned constructs caused 2.5-4.0 fold reduction in the uidA mRNA expression. In contrast, over-expression of uidA resulted in over 3-fold increase in the uidA mRNA and GUS expression, indicating that sense-mediated silencing (co-suppression) was not functional in roots. The results suggest that composite plants offer a useful experimental system for potato research, which has gained little previous attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Horn
- Institute for Land Use, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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22
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D'Angiolillo F, Pistelli L, Noccioli C, Ruffoni B, Piaggi S, Scarpato R, Pistelli L. In vitro Cultures of Bituminaria bituminosa: Pterocarpan, Furanocoumarin and Isoflavone Production and Cytotoxic Activity Evaluation. Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400900411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bituminaria bituminosa L. is known for producing several compounds with considerable pharmaceutical interest, such as phenylpropanoids, furanocoumarins and pterocarpans. In vitro cultures of seedlings, shoots, and callus have been produced to obtain plant materials useful for the production of these metabolites. The secondary metabolite profile was evaluated by HPLC-DAD. The extracts of all the in vitro material contained the flavonoid daidzein, while plicatin B, erybraedin C and bitucarpin A were found only in the extracts of the in vitro shoots and in wild shoots. The furanocoumarins angelicin and psoralen were found in in vivo and in vitro plants, but in the callus were not detectable. The extracts were also tested for cytotoxic activity in HeLa cell culture; the highest level of cytotoxicity was found in in vitro shoot extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca D'Angiolillo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa - Italy
| | - Laura Pistelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa - Italy
| | - Cecilia Noccioli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa - Italy
| | - Barbara Ruffoni
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, CRA FSO Ornamental Plants Research Unit, corso degli Inglesi 508, 18038 Sanremo (IM) - Italy
| | - Simona Piaggi
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via Derna 1, 56126 Pisa - Italy
| | - Roberto Scarpato
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via Derna 1, 56126 Pisa - Italy
| | - Luisa Pistelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa - Italy
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Banasiak J, Biala W, Staszków A, Swarcewicz B, Kepczynska E, Figlerowicz M, Jasinski M. A Medicago truncatula ABC transporter belonging to subfamily G modulates the level of isoflavonoids. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:1005-15. [PMID: 23314816 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Full-sized ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters of the G subfamily (ABCG) are considered to be essential components of the plant immune system. These proteins have been proposed to be implicated in the active transmembrane transport of various secondary metabolites. Despite the importance of ABCG-based transport for plant-microbe interactions, these proteins are still poorly recognized in legumes. The experiments described here demonstrated that the level of Medicago truncatula ABCG10 (MtABCG10) mRNA was elevated following application of fungal oligosaccharides to plant roots. Spatial expression pattern analysis with a reporter gene revealed that the MtABCG10 promoter was active in various organs, mostly within their vascular tissues. The corresponding protein was located in the plasma membrane. Silencing of MtABCG10 in hairy roots resulted in lower accumulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway-derived medicarpin and its precursors. PCR-based experiments indicated that infection with Fusarium oxysporum, a root-infecting pathogen, progressed faster in MtABCG10-silenced composite plants (consisting of wild-type shoots on transgenic roots) than in the corresponding controls. Based on the presented data, it is proposed that in Medicago, full-sized ABCG transporters might modulate isoflavonoid levels during the defence response associated with de novo synthesis of phytoalexins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Banasiak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry PAS, Noskowskiego 12/14, Poznań, Poland
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