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Wilson RB, Liang Y, Kaushal D, Carr A. Molecular Pharmacology of Vitamin C and Relevance to Health and Obesity-A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7523. [PMID: 39062764 PMCID: PMC11276620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of food constituents as pharmacological agents is an important consideration in health and obesity. Vitamin C acts as a small molecule antioxidant but is also a co-factor for numerous transition metal-dependent enzymes involved in healthy weight and energy metabolism. Vitamin C cannot be manufactured by humans and is mainly obtained from the dietary intake of fresh fruit and vegetables. There is great variability between different nutritional guidelines in the recommended daily allowance of vitamin C. Vitamin C deficiency results from an inadequate intake of vitamin C-containing foods and also increased utilization by oxidative and carbonyl stress. Risk factors for vitamin C deficiency include cigarette smoking, malnutrition, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, age, race, sex, social isolation, major surgery, and Western-type diets. Despite the common belief that vitamin C deficiency is rare in affluent countries, surveys of large populations and specific patient groups suggest otherwise. Patients with obesity typically consume highly processed, energy-dense foods which contain inadequate micronutrients. As obesity increases, larger amounts of oral vitamin C are required to achieve adequate plasma and tissue concentrations, as compared to persons with a healthy weight. This is important in the control of oxidative stress and the maintenance of homeostasis and organ function. In this narrative review, the dosage, absorption, distribution, excretion, and catabolism of vitamin C are reviewed, together with the latest findings on vitamin C pharmacology in patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Beaumont Wilson
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales (Sydney), Elizabeth St, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Yicong Liang
- Bankstown Hospital, University of New South Wales (Sydney), Bankstown, NSW 2200, Australia;
| | - Devesh Kaushal
- Campbelltown Hospital, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2560, Australia;
| | - Anitra Carr
- Nutrition in Medicine Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand;
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2
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Gandhi M, Elfeky O, Ertugrul H, Chela HK, Daglilar E. Scurvy: Rediscovering a Forgotten Disease. Diseases 2023; 11:78. [PMID: 37366866 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Scurvy is a nutritional deficiency caused by low vitamin C levels that has been described since ancient times. It leads to a varied presentation, affecting multiple organ systems due to its role in the biochemical reactions of connective tissue synthesis. Common manifestations include gingival bleeding, arthralgias, skin discoloration, impaired wound healing, perifollicular hemorrhage, and ecchymoses. Although there has been a dramatic reduction in the prevalence of scurvy in modern times owing to vitamin C supplementation and intake, sporadic cases still occur. In developed countries, it is mainly diagnosed in the elderly and malnourished individuals and is associated with alcoholism, low socio-economic status, and poor dietary habits. Scurvy has been an unusual cause of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding among other GI manifestations. It can be adequately treated and prevented via vitamin C supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Gandhi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Omar Elfeky
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Leesburg, FL 32611, USA
| | - Hamza Ertugrul
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Charleston Area Medical Center, West Virginia University, Charleston, WV 25304, USA
| | - Harleen Kaur Chela
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Charleston Area Medical Center, West Virginia University, Charleston, WV 25304, USA
| | - Ebubekir Daglilar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Charleston Area Medical Center, West Virginia University, Charleston, WV 25304, USA
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3
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Pizano-Andrade JC, Vargas-Guerrero B, Gurrola-Díaz CM, Vargas-Radillo JJ, Ruiz-López MA. Natural products and their mechanisms in potential photoprotection of the skin. J Biosci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-022-00314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abdou MM, Forey KP, Padrnos L. 24-Year-Old Woman With Menorrhagia, Mucosal Bleeding, and Easy Bruising. Mayo Clin Proc 2022; 97:1375-1379. [PMID: 35787865 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2022.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Merna M Abdou
- Resident in Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Kevin P Forey
- Resident in Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Leslie Padrnos
- Advisor to residents and Consultant in Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ.
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Goldfarb A, Breitling S, Amadasun O, Kiernan B, Gold-von Simson G, Sagalowsky ST. Chronic Non-infectious Osteomyelitis Mimicking Scurvy as the Presenting Sign of Crohn's Disease: Case Report. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:871993. [PMID: 35498788 PMCID: PMC9043343 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.871993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic non-infectious osteomyelitis (CNO) is a rare, inflammatory process associated with pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Signs and symptoms of CNO parallel scurvy, a nutritional deficiency that can affect children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This is the first report of a child initially thought to have scurvy, then subsequently diagnosed with CNO as the presenting manifestation of Crohn's disease. This case enhances the literature elucidating extra-intestinal manifestations of IBD and pediatric nutritional deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Goldfarb
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Stefan Breitling
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Owen Amadasun
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bridget Kiernan
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gabrielle Gold-von Simson
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Selin T Sagalowsky
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Dahmani S, Chabir R, Errachidi F, Berrada W, Lansari H, Benidir M, El Ghadraoui L, Bour A. Evaluation of in vivo wound healing activity of Moroccan Citrus reticulata peel extract. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-020-00222-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Citrus reticulata is one of the most cultivated fruit with great benefits for humans in the world. Citrus reticulata peel has several biological activities within them hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial and antioxidant. The present study emphasizes on the in vivo wound healing and in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Citrus reticulata peel extract.
Methods
Forty albino mice (23–29 g) of either sex were divided into four groups. The test groups were treated with experimental ointment (0.5% and 10% of methanolic extract), negative control were treated with Vaseline and the positive control were treated with silver sulfadiazine. Burn wounds were induced on dorsal area of mice bodies. Wound area measurement was carried out every day during 22 days. Biochemical screening was performed to identify possible compounds. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were also determined.
Results
Significant wound healing activity was observed with topical application of Citrus reticulata peel extract. Wound area reduction at day 16 of treatment was 100% for both treated groups (0.5% and 10%) when compared to positive and negative control it was 100% and 98.32% respectively at day 22. Furthermore higher rate of wound contraction (100% on 16th day) was observed for both treated groups.
The result of biochemical screening showed that C. reticulata peel is characterized by highest amount of total polyphenols (13.19 mg/g), flavonoids (4.07 mg/g), vitamin C (13.20 mg/g), carotenoids (0.032 mg/g) and lowest content of macronutrients (Proteins: 0.40%, reducing sugars: 7.21%; lipids: 1.5%). Additionally C. reticulata peel exhibited remarkable antioxidant activity using DPPH and phosphomolybdate methods as well as the extract possess antimicrobial effect against pathogen bactria.
Conclusion
The findings from this research indicated that Citrus reticulata peel extract is effective in inhibiting the growth of pathogen bacteria and could be of therapeutic potentials for wound healing.
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Imhof L, Leuthard D. Topical Over-the-Counter Antiaging Agents: An Update and Systematic Review. Dermatology 2020; 237:217-229. [PMID: 32882685 DOI: 10.1159/000509296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over-the-counter antiaging formulations aim to prevent or minimize the signs of aging skin, and to maintain the benefits obtained from different cosmetic procedures. Even though a huge selection of such products is available on the market, evidence and good clinical practice of the data supporting their use are oftentimes lacking. In this systematic review, the authors reviewed scientific data available in the published literature on the most common ingredients used in antiaging cosmetics, with a particular focus on in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Imhof
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,
| | - Deborah Leuthard
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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A Case of Factitious Hyperglycemia in a Patient on Intravenous Ascorbic Acid. Case Rep Endocrinol 2018; 2018:7063137. [PMID: 29862091 PMCID: PMC5976960 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7063137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Finger stick blood glucose meters are widely used in outpatient and inpatient settings. However, various factors can affect accuracy of readings from these meters. Here we present a patient who had spurious glucose elevation on these meters while being on intravenous ascorbic acid.
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Kulprachakarn K, Ounjaijean S, Wungrath J, Mani R, Rerkasem K. Micronutrients and Natural Compounds Status and Their Effects on Wound Healing in the Diabetic Foot Ulcer. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2017; 16:244-250. [DOI: 10.1177/1534734617737659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is an invariably common complication of diabetes mellitus, it is also a significant cause of amputation as well as extended hospitalization. As most patients with DFU suffer from malnutrition, which has been related to improper metabolic micronutrients status, alterations can affect impaired wound healing process. Micronutrients and herbal remedies applications present a wide range of health advantages to patients with DFU. The purpose of this review is to provide current evidence on the potential effect of dietary supplementations such as vitamins A, C, D, E, magnesium, zinc, copper, iron, boron, and such naturally occurring compounds as Aloe vera, Naringin, and Radix Astragali (RA) and Radix Rehmanniae (RR) in the administration of lower extremity wounds, especially in DFU, and to present some insights for applications in the treatment of DFU patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokwan Kulprachakarn
- NCD Center of Excellence, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sakaewan Ounjaijean
- Nutrition Research Unit, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jukkrit Wungrath
- Faculty of Public Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Raj Mani
- NCD Center and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Jiao Tong School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kittipan Rerkasem
- NCD Center of Excellence, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- NCD Center and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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10
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Schmerzhafte Schwellung und Einblutung beider Beine. Hautarzt 2017; 68:512-514. [DOI: 10.1007/s00105-017-3960-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Maderal AD, Vivas AC, Zwick TG, Kirsner RS. Diabetic foot ulcers: evaluation and management. Hosp Pract (1995) 2014; 40:102-15. [PMID: 23086099 DOI: 10.3810/hp.2012.08.994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a common complication of diabetes and present a significant health risk to patients, as well as impose a large economic burden. Evaluation for contributory factors that may impact general health or healing, such as hyperglycemia, peripheral artery disease, neuropathy, and nutritional status, is of the utmost importance. Management of DFUs requires involvement of a multidisciplinary team and a standardized approach to patient care. Standard therapy for DFUs includes offloading and debridement. Assessment and control of infection are critical, including determining the severity of the infection, which may drive therapeutic approaches. For recalcitrant ulcers, adjuvant therapies are used to hasten the healing process, and newer therapies are under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D Maderal
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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13
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Schoendorfer NC, Vitetta L, Sharp N, DiGeronimo M, Wilson G, Coombes JS, Boyd R, Davies PSW. Micronutrient, Antioxidant, and Oxidative Stress Status in Children With Severe Cerebral Palsy. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2012; 37:97-101. [DOI: 10.1177/0148607112447200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gary Wilson
- Exercise and Oxidative Stress Research Group, School of Human Movements
| | - Jeff S. Coombes
- Exercise and Oxidative Stress Research Group, School of Human Movements
| | - Roslyn Boyd
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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14
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Toldo S, Boccellino M, Rinaldi B, Seropian IM, Mezzaroma E, Severino A, Quagliuolo L, Van Tassell BW, Marfella R, Paolisso G, Rossi F, Natarajan R, Voelkel N, Abbate A, Crea F, Baldi A. Altered oxido-reductive state in the diabetic heart: loss of cardioprotection due to protein disulfide isomerase. Mol Med 2011; 17:1012-21. [PMID: 21637911 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of heart failure, in part explained by endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis. Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) prevents stressed cardiomyocytes apoptosis. We hypothesized that diabetes impairs PDI function by an alteration in its oxido-reductive state. Myocardial biopsies harvested from the anterolateral left ventricular wall from diabetic (n = 7) and nondiabetic (n = 8) patients were used to assess PDI expression and cardiomyocyte death. A mouse model of diabetes (streptozotocin injection, 130 mg/mL) was used to study PDI expression and its redox state after ischemia/reperfusion injury induced by 30-min occlusion of the left anterior coronary artery followed by reperfusion. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed to assess cardiac remodeling after 1 wk. Western blot analysis was used to analyze PDI expression, and methoxy-polyethyleneglycol-maleimide was used to assess its redox state. Dehydroascorbate (DHA) administration was used to restore the PDI redox state. Diabetic patients had a greater number of transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells than nondiabetic patients despite a greater myocardial PDI expression suggesting altered PDI function. Diabetic mice had a worse postinfarction remodeling associated with an altered PDI redox state. DHA treatment restored functional PDI redox state and ameliorated post-myocardial infarction remodeling. An increase in PDI levels with a paradoxical decrease of its active form occurs in the diabetic heart after ischemia and may explain the lack of protective effects of PDI in diabetes. Restoration of PDI redox state prevents adverse remodeling. The potential significance of these findings deserves to be validated in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Toldo
- Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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Petroianu A, Alberti LR. Efeito da suplementação oral de vitamina C na resistência anastomótica intestinal. Rev Col Bras Cir 2011; 38:54-8. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-69912011000100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2001] [Accepted: 03/12/2001] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Comparar a resistência cicatricial de anastomoses e de segmentos íntegros jejunais de ratos, submetidos à administração de vitamina C, em distintos períodos pós-operatórios. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 50 ratos Wistar, submetidos a enterotomia seguida de anastomose término-terminal de segmento jejunal, a 10 cm da flexura duodenojejunal. Os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos (n=25): Grupo I - controle; Grupo II - administração de vitamina C oral 100 mg/kg. Avaliaram-se as pressões de ruptura anastomótica e do segmento íntegro jejunal nos 3º, 5º, 7º, 21º E 28º dias do pós-peratório. RESULTADOS: Os ratos que receberam vitamina C apresentaram pressão de ruptura anastomótica maior nos 5º, 7º, e 28º dias pós-operatórios. O mesmo ocorreu com as pressões de ruptura do segmento íntegro jejunal dos ratos. CONCLUSÃO: A vitamina C aumentou a resistência das anastomoses jejunais dos ratos, tanto no pós-operatório imediato quanto no tardio. Além disso, a resistência final dos segmentos jejunais íntegros dos ratos submetidos à administração de vitamina C foi significativamente maior do que no Grupo Controle.
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Ibold Y, Lübke C, Pelz S, Augst H, Kaps C, Ringe J, Sittinger M. Effect of different ascorbate supplementations on in vitro cartilage formation in porcine high-density pellet cultures. Tissue Cell 2009; 41:249-56. [PMID: 19167737 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2008.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2008] [Revised: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage has only very limited potential for self-repair and regeneration. For this reason, various tissue engineering approaches have been developed to generate cartilage tissue in vitro. Usually, most strategies require ascorbate supplementation to promote matrix formation by isolated chondrocytes. In this study, we evaluate and compare the effect of different ascorbate forms and concentrations on in vitro cartilage formation in porcine chondrocyte high-density pellet cultures. l-ascorbate, sodium l-ascorbate, and l-ascorbate-2-phosphate were administered in 100 microM, 200 microM, and 400 microM in the culture medium over 16 days. Pellet thickness increased independently from the supplemented ascorbate form and concentration. Hydroxyproline content increased as well, but here, medium concentration of AsAP and low concentration of AsA showed a more pronounced effect. Proteoglycan and collagen formation were evaluated histologically and could be proven in all supplemented cultures. Non-supplemented cultures, however, showed no stable matrix formation at all. Effects on the gene expression pattern of cartilage marker genes (type I and type II collagen, aggrecan, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP)) were studied by real-time RT-PCR and compared to non-supplemented control cultures. Expression level of cartilage marker genes was elevated in all cultures showing that dedifferentiation of chondrocytes could be prevented. Again, all supplementations caused a similar effect except for low concentration of AsA, which resulted in an even higher expression level of all marker genes. Besides that, we could not detect a pronounced difference between ascorbate and its derivates as well as between the different concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ibold
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Tucholskystrasse 2, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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Langemo D, Anderson J, Hanson D, Hunter S, Thompson P, Posthauer ME. Nutritional Considerations in Wound Care. Adv Skin Wound Care 2006; 19:297-8, 300, 303. [PMID: 16885642 DOI: 10.1097/00129334-200607000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diane Langemo
- University of North Dakota College of Nursing, Grand Forks, ND, USA
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Ramirez RJJ, Hubel CA, Novak J, DiCianno JR, Kagan VE, Gandley RE. Moderate Ascorbate Deficiency Increases Myogenic Tone of Arteries From Pregnant but Not Virgin Ascorbate–Dependent Rats. Hypertension 2006; 47:454-60. [PMID: 16432038 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.0000201444.80784.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plasma ascorbic acid is decreased in women with the pregnancy disorder preeclampsia. We used a mutant strain of rats (Osteogenic Disorder Shionogi), dependent on dietary sources of vitamin C, to investigate whether reduced intake of the vitamin would differentially affect vascular function in late-pregnant (day 19) and age-matched virgin rats. The animals were given either 1 mg/mL of ascorbic acid ad libitum in drinking water [fully supplemented (FS)] or 0.25 mg/mL [marginally supplemented (MS)]. Fetal weights were 21% lower in MS than FS rats, whereas mean maternal weights and pup numbers did not differ. Small mesenteric arteries (diameter, 268±7 μm) were mounted in a pressurized arteriograph. Myogenic reactivity (contractile response to step increases in intraluminal pressure) was increased in arteries from MS pregnant compared with FS pregnant rats to levels observed in virgin rats. Ascorbic acid intake did not affect myogenic responses of arteries from virgin rats. Hence, the normal pregnancy-induced reduction in myogenic reactivity was abrogated in MS pregnant animals. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase had no effect on the myogenicity of arteries from virgin or MS pregnant rats but increased myogenicity of FS pregnant rats to the level of MS pregnant rats. Free radical scavengers reversed the accentuated myogenicity of MS pregnant rats without affecting FS pregnant or virgin rat arteries. These data indicate that moderate ascorbate deprivation increases mesenteric artery myogenic responsiveness during pregnancy. This increase may result from a decrease in nitric oxide–mediated modulation of the myogenic contractile response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando J J Ramirez
- Magee-Women Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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McNulty AL, Vail TP, Kraus VB. Chondrocyte transport and concentration of ascorbic acid is mediated by SVCT2. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2005; 1712:212-21. [PMID: 15921655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2005.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2005] [Revised: 04/15/2005] [Accepted: 04/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Collagen II is the major protein component of articular cartilage and forms the collagen fibril network, which provides the tensile strength of cartilage. Collagen II synthesis is enhanced by ascorbic acid (vitamin C) at both a transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. While the importance of ascorbic acid in the synthesis of collagen has been established, the mechanism by which this essential nutrient is transported into chondrocytes has not been investigated previously. We have characterized the transport of the reduced form of ascorbic acid in passaged primary human chondrocytes to discern the physiologically relevant pathways of ascorbic acid transport in cartilage. We have found that chondrocytes are robust concentrators of ascorbic acid, capable of transporting the reduced form, and concentrating total ascorbic acid, in the reduced form and its metabolites, 960-fold over the concentration in the extracellular milieu. Chondrocyte transport of ascorbic acid was sodium and temperature dependent, stereoselective for the L-forms, and inhibited by the anion transport inhibitor, sulfinpyrazone. Chondrocytes preferentially expressed the full-length and functional isoform of sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 2 (SVCT2). When this transcript was suppressed with sequence-specific siRNAs, the active transport component of ascorbic acid was abolished. Thus, we provide the first evidence that SVCT2 mediates the secondary active and concentrative transport of ascorbic acid in human chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L McNulty
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3416, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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21
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Spratley JE, Hellström SO, Mattsson CK, Pais-Clemente M. Topical ascorbic acid reduces myringosclerosis in perforated tympanic membranes. A study in the rat. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2001; 110:585-91. [PMID: 11407852 DOI: 10.1177/000348940111000615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Myringosclerosis, a common finding after myringotomy, has been recently associated with an increased production of oxygen free radicals. Ascorbic acid's proposed actions include collagen synthesis, antioxidation, and free radical scavenging. The effects of topical ascorbic acid on healing tympanic membranes were studied. Particular attention was given to detecting the presence of myringosclerosis. Twelve Sprague-Dawley rats were bilaterally myringotomized. Their ears were randomized into group A, which received topical ascorbic acid in Gelfoam, group B, which received topical saline solution in Gelfoam, and group C, which received no treatment. The tympanic membranes were harvested on day 13, after routine otomicroscopy. Under light microscopy, the connective tissue layer of the untouched side of the pars tensa was distinctly thicker in group A than in group B or group C. At this level, the extent of sclerotic lesions was significantly less in the ascorbic acid-treated group. It is inferred that topical ascorbic acid reduces the occurrence of myringosclerosis following tympanic membrane perforations in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Spratley
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Umeå, Sweden
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