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Ofori B, Agoha RK, Bokoe EK, Armah ENA, Misita Morang'a C, Sarpong KAN. Leveraging wastewater-based epidemiology to monitor the spread of neglected tropical diseases in African communities. Infect Dis (Lond) 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38922811 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2024.2369177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases continue to cause a significant burden worldwide, with Africa accounting for more than one-third of the global burden. Over the past decade, progress has been made in eliminating, controlling, and eradicating these diseases in Africa. By December 2022, 47 out of 54 African countries had eliminated at least one neglected tropical disease, and more countries were close to achieving this milestone. Between 2020 and 2021, there was an 80 million reduction in people requiring intervention. However, continued efforts are needed to manage neglected tropical diseases and address their social and economic burden, as they deepen marginalisation and stigmatisation. Wastewater-based epidemiology involves analyzing wastewater to detect and quantify biomarkers of disease-causing pathogens. This approach can complement current disease surveillance systems in Africa and provide an additional layer of information for monitoring disease spread and detecting outbreaks. This is particularly important in Africa due to limited traditional surveillance methods. Wastewater-based epidemiology also provides a tsunami-like warning system for neglected tropical disease outbreaks and can facilitate timely intervention and optimised resource allocation, providing an unbiased reflection of the community's health compared to traditional surveillance systems. In this review, we highlight the potential of wastewater-based epidemiology as an innovative approach for monitoring neglected tropical disease transmission within African communities and improving existing surveillance systems. Our analysis shows that wastewater-based epidemiology can enhance surveillance of neglected tropical diseases in Africa, improving early detection and management of Buruli ulcers, hookworm infections, ascariasis, schistosomiasis, dengue, chikungunya, echinococcosis, rabies, and cysticercosis for better disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Ofori
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Righteous Kwaku Agoha
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Edem Kwame Bokoe
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Collins Misita Morang'a
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kwabena Amofa Nketia Sarpong
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Berry T, Ferrari M, Sauer T, Greybush SJ, Ebeigbe D, Whalen AJ, Schiff SJ. Stabilizing the return to normal behavior in an epidemic. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.03.13.23287222. [PMID: 36993470 PMCID: PMC10055466 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.13.23287222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Predicting the interplay between infectious disease and behavior has been an intractable problem because behavioral response is so varied. We introduce a general framework for feedback between incidence and behavior for an infectious disease. By identifying stable equilibria, we provide policy end-states that are self-managing and self-maintaining. We prove mathematically the existence of two new endemic equilibria depending on the vaccination rate: one in the presence of low vaccination but with reduced societal activity (the "new normal"), and one with return to normal activity but with vaccination rate below that required for disease elimination. This framework allows us to anticipate the long-term consequence of an emerging disease and design a vaccination response that optimizes public health and limits societal consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyrus Berry
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Matthew Ferrari
- Department of Biology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Penn State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - Timothy Sauer
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Steven J. Greybush
- Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science and Institute for Computational and Data Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Donald Ebeigbe
- Department of Electrical Engineering Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Andrew J. Whalen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Alharbi MH, Kribs CM. How the nature of behavior change affects the impact of asymptomatic coronavirus transmission. RICERCHE DI MATEMATICA 2022. [PMCID: PMC8990284 DOI: 10.1007/s11587-022-00691-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has caused severe respiratory illnesses and deaths since late 2019 and spreads globally. While asymptomatic cases play a crucial role in transmitting COVID-19, they do not contribute to the observed prevalence, which drives behavior change during the pandemic. This study aims to identify the effect of the proportion of asymptomatic infections on the magnitude of an epidemic under behavior change scenarios by developing a compartmental mathematical model. In this interest, we discuss three different behavior change cases separately: constant behavior change, instantaneous behavior change response to the disease’s perceived prevalence, and piecewise constant behavior change response to government policies. Our results imply that the proportion of asymptomatic infections which maximizes the spread of the epidemic depends on the nature of the dominant force driving behavior changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed H. Alharbi
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christopher M. Kribs
- Department of Mathematics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
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Ochab M, Manfredi P, Puszynski K, d'Onofrio A. Multiple epidemic waves as the outcome of stochastic SIR epidemics with behavioral responses: a hybrid modeling approach. NONLINEAR DYNAMICS 2022; 111:887-926. [PMID: 35310020 PMCID: PMC8923600 DOI: 10.1007/s11071-022-07317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the behavioral epidemiology (BE) of infectious diseases, little theoretical effort seems to have been devoted to understand the possible effects of individuals' behavioral responses during an epidemic outbreak in small populations. To fill this gap, here we first build general, behavior implicit, SIR epidemic models including behavioral responses and set them within the framework of nonlinear feedback control theory. Second, we provide a thorough investigation of the effects of different types of agents' behavioral responses for the dynamics of hybrid stochastic SIR outbreak models. In the proposed model, the stochastic discrete dynamics of infection spread is combined with a continuous model describing the agents' delayed behavioral response. The delay reflects the memory mechanisms with which individuals enact protective behavior based on past data on the epidemic course. This results in a stochastic hybrid system with time-varying transition probabilities. To simulate such system, we extend Gillespie's classic stochastic simulation algorithm by developing analytical formulas valid for our classes of models. The algorithm is used to simulate a number of stochastic behavioral models and to classify the effects of different types of agents' behavioral responses. In particular this work focuses on the effects of the structure of the response function and of the form of the temporal distribution of such response. Among the various results, we stress the appearance of multiple, stochastic epidemic waves triggered by the delayed behavioral response of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Ochab
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 16 Akademicka Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Piero Manfredi
- Department of Economics and Management, University of Pisa, Via Ridolfi 10, 5612 Pisa, Italy
| | - Krzysztof Puszynski
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 16 Akademicka Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Alberto d'Onofrio
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Strathclyde University, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
- International Prevention Research Institute, 95 Cours Lafayette, 69006 Lyon, France
- Institut Camille Jordan, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 21 Avenue Claude Bernard, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
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Raude J, Lecrique JM, Lasbeur L, Leon C, Guignard R, du Roscoät E, Arwidson P. Determinants of Preventive Behaviors in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in France: Comparing the Sociocultural, Psychosocial, and Social Cognitive Explanations. Front Psychol 2020; 11:584500. [PMID: 33329241 PMCID: PMC7734102 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.584500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In absence of effective pharmaceutical treatments, the individual's compliance with a series of behavioral recommendations provided by the public health authorities play a critical role in the control and prevention of SARS-CoV2 infection. However, we still do not know much about the rate and determinants of adoption of the recommended health behaviors. This paper examines the compliance with the main behavioral recommendations, and compares sociocultural, psychosocial, and social cognitive explanations for its variation in the French population. Based on the current literature, these 3 categories of factors were identified as potential determinants of individual differences in the health preventive behaviors. The data used for these analyses are drawn from 2 cross-sectional studies (N = 2,000 in survey 1 and 2,003 in survey 2) conducted after the lockdown and before the peak of the COVID-19 epidemic in France. The participants were drawn from a larger internet consumer panel where recruitment was stratified to generate a socio-demographically representative sample of the French adult population. Overall, the results show a very high rate of compliance with the behavioral recommendations among the participants. A hierarchical regression analysis was then performed to assess the potential explanatory power of these approaches in complying with these recommendations by successively entering sociocultural factors, psychosocial factors, social cognitive factors in the model. Only the inclusion of the cognitive variables substantially increased the explained variance of the self-reported adoption of preventive behaviors (R 2 change = 23% in survey 1 and 2), providing better support for the social cognitive than the sociocultural and psychosocial explanations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Raude
- EHESP School of Public Health, Rennes, France
- Unite des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ – IRD 190 – Inserm 1207 – IHU Mediterranee Infection), Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Enguerrand du Roscoät
- Santé publique France, Saint Maurice, France
- Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale (LAPPS), EA 4386, Université Paris Ouest Nanterre-La Défense, Nanterre, France
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Zhao S, Bauch CT, He D. Strategic decision making about travel during disease outbreaks: a game theoretical approach. J R Soc Interface 2018; 15:rsif.2018.0515. [PMID: 30209046 PMCID: PMC6170783 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Visitors can play an important role in the spread of infections. Here, we incorporate an epidemic model into a game theoretical framework to investigate the effects of travel strategies on infection control. Potential visitors must decide whether to travel to a destination that is at risk of infectious disease outbreaks. We compare the individually optimal (Nash equilibrium) strategy to the group optimal strategy that maximizes the overall population utility. Economic epidemiological models often find that individual and group optimal strategies are very different. By contrast, we find perfect agreement between individual and group optimal strategies across a wide parameter regime. For more limited regimes where disagreement does occur, the disagreement is (i) generally very extreme; (ii) highly sensitive to small changes in infection transmissibility and visitor costs/benefits; and (iii) can manifest either in a higher travel volume for individual optimal than group optimal strategies, or vice versa. The simulations show qualitative agreement with the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in Beijing, China. We conclude that a conflict between individual and group optimal visitor travel strategies during outbreaks may not generally be a problem, although extreme differences could emerge suddenly under certain changes in economic and epidemiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Zhao
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Chris T Bauch
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Guelph, Canada
| | - Daihai He
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Ringa N, Bauch CT. Spatially-implicit modelling of disease-behaviour interactions in the context of non-pharmaceutical interventions. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2018; 15:461-483. [PMID: 29161845 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2018021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pair approximation models have been used to study the spread of infectious diseases in spatially distributed host populations, and to explore disease control strategies such as vaccination and case isolation. Here we introduce a pair approximation model of individual uptake of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) for an acute self-limiting infection, where susceptible individuals can learn the NPIs either from other susceptible individuals who are already practicing NPIs ("social learning"), or their uptake of NPIs can be stimulated by being neighbours of an infectious person ("exposure learning"). NPIs include individual measures such as hand-washing and respiratory etiquette. Individuals can also drop the habit of using NPIs at a certain rate. We derive a spatially defined expression of the basic reproduction number R0 and we also numerically simulate the model equations. We find that exposure learning is generally more efficient than social learning, since exposure learning generates NPI uptake in the individuals at immediate risk of infection. However, if social learning is pre-emptive, beginning a sufficient amount of time before the epidemic, then it can be more effective than exposure learning. Interestingly, varying the initial number of individuals practicing NPIs does not significantly impact the epidemic final size. Also, if initial source infections are surrounded by protective individuals, there are parameter regimes where increasing the initial number of source infections actually decreases the infection peak (instead of increasing it) and makes it occur sooner. The peak prevalence increases with the rate at which individuals drop the habit of using NPIs, but the response of peak prevalence to changes in the forgetting rate are qualitatively different for the two forms of learning. The pair approximation methodology developed here illustrates how analytical approaches for studying interactions between social processes and disease dynamics in a spatially structured population should be further pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Notice Ringa
- Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Statistical Sciences, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Chris T Bauch
- University of Waterloo, Department of Applied Mathematics, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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Abdulkareem SA, Augustijn EW, Mustafa YT, Filatova T. Intelligent judgements over health risks in a spatial agent-based model. Int J Health Geogr 2018; 17:8. [PMID: 29558944 PMCID: PMC5859507 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-018-0128-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Millions of people worldwide are exposed to deadly infectious diseases on a regular basis. Breaking news of the Zika outbreak for instance, made it to the main media titles internationally. Perceiving disease risks motivate people to adapt their behavior toward a safer and more protective lifestyle. Computational science is instrumental in exploring patterns of disease spread emerging from many individual decisions and interactions among agents and their environment by means of agent-based models. Yet, current disease models rarely consider simulating dynamics in risk perception and its impact on the adaptive protective behavior. Social sciences offer insights into individual risk perception and corresponding protective actions, while machine learning provides algorithms and methods to capture these learning processes. This article presents an innovative approach to extend agent-based disease models by capturing behavioral aspects of decision-making in a risky context using machine learning techniques. We illustrate it with a case of cholera in Kumasi, Ghana, accounting for spatial and social risk factors that affect intelligent behavior and corresponding disease incidents. The results of computational experiments comparing intelligent with zero-intelligent representations of agents in a spatial disease agent-based model are discussed. METHODS We present a spatial disease agent-based model (ABM) with agents' behavior grounded in Protection Motivation Theory. Spatial and temporal patterns of disease diffusion among zero-intelligent agents are compared to those produced by a population of intelligent agents. Two Bayesian Networks (BNs) designed and coded using R and are further integrated with the NetLogo-based Cholera ABM. The first is a one-tier BN1 (only risk perception), the second is a two-tier BN2 (risk and coping behavior). RESULTS We run three experiments (zero-intelligent agents, BN1 intelligence and BN2 intelligence) and report the results per experiment in terms of several macro metrics of interest: an epidemic curve, a risk perception curve, and a distribution of different types of coping strategies over time. CONCLUSIONS Our results emphasize the importance of integrating behavioral aspects of decision making under risk into spatial disease ABMs using machine learning algorithms. This is especially relevant when studying cumulative impacts of behavioral changes and possible intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheen A Abdulkareem
- Department of Governance and Technology for Sustainability (CSTM), Faculty of Behavioral, Management, and Social Sciences (BMS), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands. .,Department of Computer Science, College of Science, University of Duhok (UoD), Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
| | - Ellen-Wien Augustijn
- Department of Geo-Information Process (GIP), Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Yaseen T Mustafa
- Faculty of Science, University of Zakho (UoZ), Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Tatiana Filatova
- Department of Governance and Technology for Sustainability (CSTM), Faculty of Behavioral, Management, and Social Sciences (BMS), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.,School of Systems, Management and Leadership, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
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Sahar M, Guizani N, Basalamah SM, Ayyaz MN, Ahmad M, Mustafa T, Ghafoor A. A Knowledge Driven Agent-Based Semantic Model for Epidemic Surveillance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEMANTIC COMPUTING 2015. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793351x15500087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we propose a probabilistic approach to synthesize an agent-based heterogeneous semantic model depicting population interaction and analyzing the spatio-temporal dynamics of an airborne epidemic, such as influenza, in a metropolitan area. The methodology is generic in nature and can generate a baseline population for cities for which detailed population summary tables are not available. The joint probabilities of population demographics are estimated using the International Public Use Microsimulation Data (IPUMS) sample set. Agents are assigned various activities based on several characteristics. The agent-based model for the city of Lahore, Pakistan is synthesized and a rule based disease spread model of influenza is simulated. The simulation results are visualized to produce semantic analysis for the spatio-temporal dynamics of the epidemic. The results show that the proposed model can be used by officials and medical experts to simulate an outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Sahar
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Nadra Guizani
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Saleh M. Basalamah
- KACST GIS Technology Innovation Center, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad N. Ayyaz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maaz Ahmad
- Institute of Public Health, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tajammal Mustafa
- Community Medicine Department, Fatimah Jinnah Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A. Ghafoor
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
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