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Rappe JCF, García-Nicolás O, Flückiger F, Thür B, Hofmann MA, Summerfield A, Ruggli N. Heterogeneous antigenic properties of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nucleocapsid. Vet Res 2016; 47:117. [PMID: 27871316 PMCID: PMC5118883 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-016-0399-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an arterivirus responsible for a widespread contagious disease of domestic pigs with high economic impact. Switzerland is one of the rare PRRSV-free countries in Europe, although sporadic outbreaks have occurred in the past. The PRRSV isolate IVI-1173 from the short outbreak in Switzerland in 2012 was entirely sequenced, and a functional full-length cDNA clone was constructed. Genetic and antigenic characterization of IVI-1173 revealed the importance of amino acid 90 of the nucleocapsid protein N as part of a conformational epitope. IVI-1173 was not detected by SDOW17, a monoclonal antibody against N widely used to detect PRRSV-infected cells. Substitution of alanine at position 90 of N [N(A90)] with a threonine [N(T90)] restored reactivity of vIVI1173-N(T90) to SDOW17 completely. The relevance of this amino acid for the conformational SDOW17 epitope of PRRSV N was further confirmed by the opposite substitution in a functional cDNA clone of the genotype 2 isolate RVB-581. Finally, N proteins from ten genotype 1 strains differing from threonine at position 90 were analysed for reactivity with SDOW17. N(A90) totally disrupted or severely affected the epitope in 7 out of 8 strains tested. Based on these findings, 225 genotype 1 strains were screened for the prevalence of N(A90). N(A90) is rare in classical subtype 1 and in subtype 3 strains, but is frequent in Russian subtype 1 (70%) and in subtype 2 (45%) isolates. In conclusion, this study highlights the variable antigenic properties of N among genotype 1 PRRSV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie C F Rappe
- The Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Barbara Thür
- The Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.,Office for Consumer Protection, Canton Aargau, Obere Vorstadt 14, 5000, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Martin A Hofmann
- The Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| | - Artur Summerfield
- The Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Ruggli
- The Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.
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Wang J, Wen J, Li J, Yin J, Zhu Q, Wang H, Yang Y, Qin E, You B, Li W, Li X, Huang S, Yang R, Zhang X, Yang L, Zhang T, Yin Y, Cui X, Tang X, Wang L, He B, Ma L, Lei T, Zeng C, Fang J, Yu J, Wang J, Yang H, West MB, Bhatnagar A, Lu Y, Xu N, Liu S. Assessment of immunoreactive synthetic peptides from the structural proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Clin Chem 2003; 49:1989-96. [PMID: 14633869 PMCID: PMC7108193 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2003.023184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: The widespread threat of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) to human life has spawned challenges to develop fast and accurate analytical methods for its early diagnosis and to create a safe antiviral vaccine for preventive use. Consequently, we thoroughly investigated the immunoreactivities with patient sera of a series of synthesized peptides from SARS-coronavirus structural proteins. Methods: We synthesized 41 peptides ranging in size from 16 to 25 amino acid residues of relatively high hydrophilicity. The immunoreactivities of the peptides with SARS patient sera were determined by ELISA. Results: Four epitopic sites, S599, M137, N66, and N371-404, located in the SARS-coronavirus S, M, and N proteins, respectively, were detected by screening synthesized peptides. Notably, N371 and N385, located at the COOH terminus of the N protein, inhibited binding of antibodies to SARS-coronavirus lysate and bound to antibodies in >94% of samples from SARS study patients. N385 had the highest affinity for forming peptide-antibody complexes with SARS serum. Conclusions: Five peptides from SARS structural proteins, especially two from the COOH terminus of the N protein, appear to be highly immunogenic and may be useful for serologic assays. The identification of these antigenic peptides contributes to the understanding of the immunogenicity and persistence of SARS coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqiang Wang
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Chinese Academy of Sciences, I-Zone, Shunyi, Beijing 101300 and James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences (WIGS), Zhijiang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Beijing Proteomics Institute (BPI), I-Zone, Shunyi, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Chinese Academy of Sciences, I-Zone, Shunyi, Beijing 101300 and James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences (WIGS), Zhijiang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Address correspondence to this author at: Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202. E-mail
| | - Jingxiang Li
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Chinese Academy of Sciences, I-Zone, Shunyi, Beijing 101300 and James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences (WIGS), Zhijiang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Jianning Yin
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Chinese Academy of Sciences, I-Zone, Shunyi, Beijing 101300 and James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences (WIGS), Zhijiang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Beijing Proteomics Institute (BPI), I-Zone, Shunyi, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Qingyu Zhu
- The Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology (IME), Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Chinese Academy of Sciences, I-Zone, Shunyi, Beijing 101300 and James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences (WIGS), Zhijiang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Beijing Proteomics Institute (BPI), I-Zone, Shunyi, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Yongkui Yang
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Chinese Academy of Sciences, I-Zone, Shunyi, Beijing 101300 and James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences (WIGS), Zhijiang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - E’de Qin
- The Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology (IME), Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Bo You
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Chinese Academy of Sciences, I-Zone, Shunyi, Beijing 101300 and James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences (WIGS), Zhijiang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Wei Li
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Chinese Academy of Sciences, I-Zone, Shunyi, Beijing 101300 and James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences (WIGS), Zhijiang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Chinese Academy of Sciences, I-Zone, Shunyi, Beijing 101300 and James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences (WIGS), Zhijiang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Beijing Proteomics Institute (BPI), I-Zone, Shunyi, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Shengyong Huang
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Chinese Academy of Sciences, I-Zone, Shunyi, Beijing 101300 and James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences (WIGS), Zhijiang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Ruifu Yang
- The Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology (IME), Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xumin Zhang
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Chinese Academy of Sciences, I-Zone, Shunyi, Beijing 101300 and James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences (WIGS), Zhijiang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Beijing Proteomics Institute (BPI), I-Zone, Shunyi, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Chinese Academy of Sciences, I-Zone, Shunyi, Beijing 101300 and James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences (WIGS), Zhijiang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- The Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Ye Yin
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Chinese Academy of Sciences, I-Zone, Shunyi, Beijing 101300 and James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences (WIGS), Zhijiang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Xiaodai Cui
- The Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Xiangjun Tang
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Chinese Academy of Sciences, I-Zone, Shunyi, Beijing 101300 and James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences (WIGS), Zhijiang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Luoping Wang
- The Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Bo He
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Chinese Academy of Sciences, I-Zone, Shunyi, Beijing 101300 and James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences (WIGS), Zhijiang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Lianhua Ma
- The Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Tingting Lei
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Chinese Academy of Sciences, I-Zone, Shunyi, Beijing 101300 and James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences (WIGS), Zhijiang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Beijing Proteomics Institute (BPI), I-Zone, Shunyi, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Changqing Zeng
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Chinese Academy of Sciences, I-Zone, Shunyi, Beijing 101300 and James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences (WIGS), Zhijiang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Jianqiu Fang
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Chinese Academy of Sciences, I-Zone, Shunyi, Beijing 101300 and James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences (WIGS), Zhijiang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Chinese Academy of Sciences, I-Zone, Shunyi, Beijing 101300 and James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences (WIGS), Zhijiang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Chinese Academy of Sciences, I-Zone, Shunyi, Beijing 101300 and James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences (WIGS), Zhijiang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Beijing Proteomics Institute (BPI), I-Zone, Shunyi, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Chinese Academy of Sciences, I-Zone, Shunyi, Beijing 101300 and James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences (WIGS), Zhijiang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Matthew B West
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Youyong Lu
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Chinese Academy of Sciences, I-Zone, Shunyi, Beijing 101300 and James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences (WIGS), Zhijiang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Beijing Proteomics Institute (BPI), I-Zone, Shunyi, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Ningzhi Xu
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Chinese Academy of Sciences, I-Zone, Shunyi, Beijing 101300 and James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences (WIGS), Zhijiang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Beijing Proteomics Institute (BPI), I-Zone, Shunyi, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Chinese Academy of Sciences, I-Zone, Shunyi, Beijing 101300 and James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences (WIGS), Zhijiang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Beijing Proteomics Institute (BPI), I-Zone, Shunyi, Beijing 101300, China
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
- Address correspondence to this author at: Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202. E-mail
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