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Wu J, Niu L, Yang K, Xu J, Zhang D, Ling J, Xia P, Wu Y, Liu X, Liu J, Zhang J, Yu P. The role and mechanism of RNA-binding proteins in bone metabolism and osteoporosis. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102234. [PMID: 38367813 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a prevalent chronic metabolic bone disease that poses a significant risk of fractures or mortality in elderly individuals. Its pathophysiological basis is often attributed to postmenopausal estrogen deficiency and natural aging, making the progression of primary osteoporosis among elderly people, especially older women, seemingly inevitable. The treatment and prevention of osteoporosis progression have been extensively discussed. Recently, as researchers delve deeper into the molecular biological mechanisms of bone remodeling, they have come to realize the crucial role of posttranscriptional gene control in bone metabolism homeostasis. RNA-binding proteins, as essential actors in posttranscriptional activities, may exert influence on osteoporosis progression by regulating the RNA life cycle. This review compiles recent findings on the involvement of RNA-binding proteins in abnormal bone metabolism in osteoporosis and describes the impact of some key RNA-binding proteins on bone metabolism regulation. Additionally, we explore the potential and rationale for modulating RNA-binding proteins as a means of treating osteoporosis, with an overview of drugs that target these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqiang Wu
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liyan Niu
- HuanKui College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Kangping Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jingdong Xu
- Queen Mary College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Deju Zhang
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jitao Ling
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang 330006, China; Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Panpan Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang 330006, China; Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang 330006, China; Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang 330006, China; Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
| | - Peng Yu
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang 330006, China; Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China.
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Graça Dias M, Vasco E, Ravasco F, Oliveira L. The first harmonised total diet study in Portugal: Vitamin D occurrence and intake assessment. Food Chem 2024; 435:136676. [PMID: 37797450 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D acts in calcium and phosphate homeostasis and also as an immunomodulatory hormone. To estimate the vitamin D intake by the 'adults' and 'elderly' Portuguese populations TDS methodology was used, since in the absence of skin UVB exposure, food and supplements are the only vitamin D sources. Vitamin D was quantifiable in 78 (24 from the fish group) of the 164 TDS samples. Sea bream contained the most vitamin D (13.8 µg/100 g), followed by plaice (9.2 µg/100 g). MCRA software (semi-probabilistic approach) was used to estimate the median vitamin D intake that ranged between 2.47 ('adults' 'males') - 1.45 ('elderly' 'females') µg/day, well below the Dietary Reference Values (5-15 µg/day). Plaice, sea bream and sardine were the main contributors to intake. A prevalence of 94% inadequate vitamin D intake for 'adults' and 'elderly' was found based on the estimated average requirement of 10 µg/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Graça Dias
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doctor Ricardo Jorge, IP (INSA), Portugal.
| | - Elsa Vasco
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doctor Ricardo Jorge, IP (INSA), Portugal
| | - Francisco Ravasco
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doctor Ricardo Jorge, IP (INSA), Portugal
| | - Luísa Oliveira
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doctor Ricardo Jorge, IP (INSA), Portugal
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Sophocleous A. The Role of Nutrition in Osteoarthritis Development. Nutrients 2023; 15:4336. [PMID: 37892417 PMCID: PMC10609695 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) prevalence has increased 113% since 1990, and currently more than half a billion people worldwide are living with this slowly progressing, degenerative joint disease [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Sophocleous
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
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Voltan G, Cannito M, Ferrarese M, Ceccato F, Camozzi V. Vitamin D: An Overview of Gene Regulation, Ranging from Metabolism to Genomic Effects. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1691. [PMID: 37761831 PMCID: PMC10531002 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a pro-hormone characterized by an intricate metabolism and regulation. It is well known for its role in calcium and phosphate metabolism, and in bone health. However, several studies have assessed a huge number of extra-skeletal functions, ranging from cell proliferation in some oncogenic pathways to antioxidant and immunomodulatory functions. Vitamin D exerts its role by binding to VDRs (vitamin D receptors), which are located in many different tissues. Moreover, VDRs are able to bind hundreds of genomic loci, modulating the expression of various primary target genes. Interestingly, plenty of gene polymorphisms regarding VDRs are described, each one carrying a potential influence against gene expression, with relapses in several chronic diseases and metabolic complications. In this review, we provide an overview of the genetic aspects of vitamin D and VDR, emphasizing the gene regulation of vitamin D, and the genetic modulation of VDR target genes. In addition, we briefly summarize the rare genetic disease linked to vitamin D metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Voltan
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; (G.V.); (M.C.); (M.F.); (V.C.)
- Endocrinology Unit, Padova University Hospital, Via Ospedale Civile 105, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Cannito
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; (G.V.); (M.C.); (M.F.); (V.C.)
- Endocrinology Unit, Padova University Hospital, Via Ospedale Civile 105, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Michela Ferrarese
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; (G.V.); (M.C.); (M.F.); (V.C.)
- Endocrinology Unit, Padova University Hospital, Via Ospedale Civile 105, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Filippo Ceccato
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; (G.V.); (M.C.); (M.F.); (V.C.)
- Endocrinology Unit, Padova University Hospital, Via Ospedale Civile 105, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Camozzi
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; (G.V.); (M.C.); (M.F.); (V.C.)
- Endocrinology Unit, Padova University Hospital, Via Ospedale Civile 105, 35128 Padova, Italy
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Gharagozloo M, Jahanian Sadatmahalleh S, Kalhor M, Ghaffari F, Hasani F, Jahangiri N, Nasiri M, Khosravi A. Evaluation of the relationship between vitamin D levels with oocyte quality in breast cancer women: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12083. [PMID: 37495647 PMCID: PMC10372054 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39341-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency could play an important role in the development of non-skeletal diseases, including cancer. Vitamin D also affects the function of the reproductive system. In the present study, the relationship between 25(OH)D levels with oocyte quality in Breast Cancer (BC) women and control group have been investigated. After initial evaluations, ovarian stimulation began with the GnRH antagonist protocol in the BC group (N = 16) and control group (N = 16). The serum and follicular fluid (FF) 25(OH)D levels were measured at the time of oocyte retrieval and their relationship to oocyte quality was examined. The mean levels of serum and FF 25(OH)D in BC women were significantly lower than in the control group (22.26 ± 7.98 vs. 29.61 ± 9.12, P = 0.02, 21.65 ± 7.59 vs. 28.00 ± 9.05, P = 0.04, respectively). There was a significant correlation between the levels of 25(OH)D in FF and serum in BC women (r = 0.873, P < 0.001). But there was no correlation between the serum or FF 25(OH)D levels with the parameters related to oocytes (P > 0.05). In the BC women, the number of dysmorph and highly dysmorph oocytes was higher than in the control group (P < 0.001). Women with BC referring to infertility centers for fertility preservation are more likely to be deficient in serum 25(OH)D level; this subsequently affects the FF 25(OH)D level. However, serum and FF 25(OH)D levels may not be suitable indicators for examining maturity and quality of oocytes in terms of morphology in BC women, and the poor morphological quality of oocytes in BC women may be due to other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Gharagozloo
- Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-111, Iran
| | - Shahideh Jahanian Sadatmahalleh
- Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-111, Iran.
| | - Mehri Kalhor
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Firouzeh Ghaffari
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR,, Royan Allay, Eastern Hafez St., Banihashem Sq., Resalat Highway, Tehran, 1665659711, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Hasani
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nadia Jahangiri
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR,, Royan Allay, Eastern Hafez St., Banihashem Sq., Resalat Highway, Tehran, 1665659711, Iran
| | - Malihe Nasiri
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Khosravi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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Sun T, Yu X. FGF23 Actions in CKD-MBD and other Organs During CKD. Curr Med Chem 2023; 30:841-856. [PMID: 35761503 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220627122733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a new endocrine product discovered in the past decade. In addition to being related to bone diseases, it has also been found to be related to kidney metabolism and parathyroid metabolism, especially as a biomarker and a key factor to be used in kidney diseases. FGF23 is upregulated as early as the second and third stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in response to relative phosphorus overload. The early rise of FGF23 has a protective effect on the body and is essential for maintaining phosphate balance. However, with the decline in renal function, eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) declines, and the phosphorus excretion effect caused by FGF23 is weakened. It eventually leads to a variety of complications, such as bone disease (Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Metabolism Disorder), vascular calcification (VC), and more. Monoclonal antibodies against FGF23 are currently used to treat genetic diseases with increased FGF23. CKD is also a state of increased FGF23. This article reviews the current role of FGF23 in CKD and discusses the crosstalk between various organs under CKD conditions and FGF23. Studying the effect of hyperphosphatemia on different organs of CKD is important. The prospect of FGF23 for therapy is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Sun
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rare Disease Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xijie Yu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rare Disease Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Anderson C, Sheraton M. Seizures, Vitamin D Deficiency, and Severe Hypophosphatemia: The Unique Presentation of a SARS-CoV-2 Case. Cureus 2023; 15:e33303. [PMID: 36606109 PMCID: PMC9809502 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a virus that belongs to the species severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARSr-CoV), which is related to the SARS-CoV-1 virus that caused the 2002-2004 SARS outbreak. SARS-CoV-2 causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It has been associated with electrolyte abnormalities. In this report, we discuss the case of a SARS-CoV-2-infected person presenting with recurrent seizure episodes resulting from hypophosphatemia. A 52-year-old male patient with questionable prior seizure history presented to the emergency department (ED) twice within eight days with recurring seizure episodes. While the physical examination at the first presentation was significant for a head laceration with post-ictal confusion, that at the second presentation was only significant for post-ictal confusion. Laboratory examination at the first visit revealed SARS-CoV-2 positivity, hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia, and low vitamin D levels. On the second visit, the patient was again found to have hypophosphatemia. CT of the head and the cervical spine, as well as radiographs of the chest done on the first visit, were all normal. On his first visit, the patient's electrolyte abnormalities were corrected, and he was discharged with antiepileptic medications after 24 hours of observation and consultation with neurology. However, his vitamin D levels, the results of which came back only after his first discharge, were corrected only during his second visit. This time, he was discharged from the ED and had an effective resolution of symptoms. SARS-CoV-2 infections can result in vitamin D deficiency and hypophosphatemia, resulting in seizures, and hence should be treated with both replacement therapies and antiepileptic medications. This case also highlights the importance of obtaining phosphorus and vitamin D levels in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with seizures.
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Lesko P, Vlkova B, Kalavska K, De Angelis V, Novotna V, Obertova J, Orszaghova Z, Palacka P, Rejlekova K, Sycova-Mila Z, Kollarik B, Aziri R, Pindak D, Mardiak J, Chovanec M, Celec P, Mego M. Prognostic role of plasma vitamin D and its association with disease characteristics in germ cell tumours. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1149432. [PMID: 37114140 PMCID: PMC10126247 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1149432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Testicular cancer is the most common malignancy among young men. Vitamin D has pluripotent effects on cancer pathogenesis and plays a role in the metastatic cascade. The aim of this study is to analyze plasma vitamin D in association with clinico-pathological findings and prognosis in patients with germ-cell tumors (GCTs). Methods This study included 120 newly diagnosed and/or relapsed GCT patients treated from April 2013 to July 2020, for whom plasma was available in the biobank. Blood samples were drawn the 1st chemotherapy cycle as well as before the 2nd cycle. Plasma vitamin D was measured using ELISA and correlated with disease characteristics and the outcome. For survival analysis, the cohort was dichotomized into "low" and "high" based on median vitamin D. Results There was no significant difference in vitamin D plasma levels between healthy donors and GCT patients (p = 0.71). Vitamin D level was not associated with disease characteristics except for brain metastases, where patients with brain metastases had a vitamin D level that was 32% lower compared to patients without brain metastases, p = 0.03. Vitamin D was also associated with response to chemotherapy, with an approximately 32% lower value in patients with an unfavorable response compared to a favorable response, p = 0.02. Moreover, low plasma levels of vitamin D were significantly associated with disease recurrence and inferior progression-free survival (PFS), but not with overall survival (OS) (HR = 3.02, 95% CI 1.36-6.71, p = 0.01 for PFS and HR = 2.06, 95% CI 0.84-5.06, p = 0.14 for OS, respectively). Conclusion Our study suggests the prognostic value of pretreatment vitamin D concentrations in GCT patients. Low plasma vitamin D was associated with an unfavorable response to therapy and disease recurrence. However, it remains to be determined whether the biology of the disease confirms a causative role for low vitamin D and whether its supplementation affects the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lesko
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
- *Correspondence: Peter Lesko,
| | - Barbora Vlkova
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Kalavska
- Translation Research Unit, Comenius University, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Valentina De Angelis
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vera Novotna
- 1st Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Comenius University (FMCU) and St. Elizabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Obertova
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Orszaghova
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Patrik Palacka
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Rejlekova
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Sycova-Mila
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Boris Kollarik
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ramadan Aziri
- Department of Surgical Oncology, National Institute for Oncology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Pindak
- Department of Surgical Oncology, National Institute for Oncology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Mardiak
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Chovanec
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Celec
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Mego
- Translation Research Unit, Comenius University, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Docio P, Llorente-Pelayo S, García-Unzueta MT, Lavin-Gómez BA, Puente N, Mateos F, Riancho-Zarrabeitia L, Gonzalez-Lamuño D, Riancho JA. Mild Hypophosphatemia-Associated Conditions in Children: The Need for a Comprehensive Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010687. [PMID: 36614129 PMCID: PMC9820661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To better understand the causes of hypophosphatemia in children, we evaluated all serum phosphate tests performed in a tertiary hospital with unexpected but persistent temporary or isolated hypophosphatemia over an 18 year period. We collected 29,279 phosphate tests from 21,398 patients, of which 268 (1.2%) had at least one result showing hypophosphatemia. We found that endocrinopathies (n = 60), tumors (n = 10), and vitamin D deficiency (n = 3) were the medical conditions most commonly associated with mild hypophosphatemia, but in many patients the cause was unclear. Among patients with endocrinopathies, those with diabetes mellitus were found to have lower mean serum phosphate levels (mean 3.4 mg/dL) than those with short stature (3.7 mg/dL) or thyroid disorders (3.7 mg/dL). In addition, we found a correlation between glycemia and phosphatemia in patients with diabetes. However, despite the potential relevance of monitoring phosphate homeostasis and the underlying etiologic mechanisms, renal phosphate losses were estimated in less than 5% of patients with hypophosphatemia. In the pediatric age group, malignancies, hypovitaminosis D, and endocrine disorders, mostly diabetes, were the most common causes of hypophosphatemia. This real-world study also shows that hypophosphatemia is frequently neglected and inadequately evaluated by pediatricians, which emphasizes the need for more education and awareness about this condition to prevent its potentially deleterious consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Docio
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital U M Valdecilla, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Sandra Llorente-Pelayo
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital U M Valdecilla, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - María Teresa García-Unzueta
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital U M Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria, IDIVAL, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Bernardo A. Lavin-Gómez
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital U M Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria, IDIVAL, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Nuria Puente
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital U M Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria, IDIVAL, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Fátima Mateos
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Sierrallana, 39300 Torrelavega, Spain
| | | | - Domingo Gonzalez-Lamuño
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital U M Valdecilla, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - José A. Riancho
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital U M Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria, IDIVAL, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Vitamin D Supplementation and Its Impact on Different Types of Bone Fractures. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010103. [PMID: 36615761 PMCID: PMC9824692 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D helps to balance the levels of calcium and phosphorus to maintain proper bone structure. It is also involved in essential biological roles and displays a wide spectrum of potential benefits in the human body. Since there are many types of fractures that occur at specific ages and due to different circumstances, the influence of vitamin D on the frequency of a particular fracture may differ. Thus, the authors investigated the possible preventive effect of vitamin D on the risks of vertebral fractures, hip fractures, stress fractures and pediatric fractures. Additional aspects of vitamin D, especially on recuperation after injures and its impact on the severity of particular fractures, were also discussed. It was suggested that vitamin D supplementation may contribute to a reduction in hip fracture risk due to reduced bone turnover, decreased frequency of falls and improved muscle function. Furthermore, vitamin D appears to lower the risk of stress fractures in athletes and military recruits. Due to a nonunified protocol design, presented investigations show inconsistencies between vitamin D supplementation and a decreased risk of vertebral fractures. However, a vitamin D preventive effect on pediatric fractures seems to be implausible.
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Sharafi N, Fatima A, Gillani SW, Kaddour N, Banoori R, Elshafie RM, Rathore HA. Evaluation of vitamin D supplementation intake among children; cross-sectional observational study. F1000Res 2022; 11:1456. [PMID: 36960402 PMCID: PMC10028306 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.123373.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to review the vitamin D supplementation intake status among children in the general public, determine the vitamin D supplements practices, and the barriers that parents and children face with supplementation. Methods: A cross-sectional observational questionnaire-based survey study design was used. A convenience sampling technique was used to collect the data. An online Rao soft sample size calculator was applied to determine the sample size of 319. The response rate of participants was expected to be 63%, the margin of error was 5% and the level of confidence was 95%. Results: A total of 248 parents (89.1% mothers (n =203)) and 15.7% fathers (n=39) with a mean ± SD age of 35.4 ± 7.04 years, completed the study (77.7% response rate). Parents reported that the supplements used the most by children were vitamin D supplements (21.85%) and multivitamins (21.8%) followed by calcium supplements (5.6%). However, 27.8% of children in this study did not take any supplements. Of all the parents, 65% (162) of them reported sending their child outside to play while 34.67% (86) of parents had reported no outdoor activity. Approximately 184 (74.2%) parents reported the child's diet to contain multiple natural sources of vitamin D. However, 69 (27.8%) parents reported giving none of the natural sources of vitamin D to their children through the diet. Parents with higher education about 62.9% (n=156) had a higher frequency of providing vitamin D supplements to their children. Children in high-income families (43.63%) were more likely to take vitamin D supplements than those in middle- or low-income families. Conclusion: The study concluded that challenges like the educational and financial background of parents, family-income level, and health insurance status could help aid in addressing the overall burden of vitamin D deficiency among young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Sharafi
- College of Pharmacy,, Gulf Medical University,, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aiman Fatima
- College of Pharmacy,, Gulf Medical University,, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Syed Wasif Gillani
- College of Pharmacy,, Gulf Medical University,, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nour Kaddour
- College of Pharmacy,, Gulf Medical University,, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rawa Banoori
- College of Pharmacy,, Gulf Medical University,, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Riham Mohamed Elshafie
- Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, ASUSH,, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Sharafi N, Fatima A, Gillani SW, Kaddour N, Banoori R, Elshafie RM, Rathore HA. Evaluation of vitamin D supplementation intake among children; cross-sectional observational study. F1000Res 2022; 11:1456. [PMID: 36960402 PMCID: PMC10028306 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.123373.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the vitamin D supplementation intake status among children from different nationalities in the UAE, to determine vitamin D intake practices through diet and lifestyle, and the barriers that parents in the UAE face with providing vitamin D supplementation to their children. Methods: A cross-sectional observational questionnaire-based survey study design was used.. The study was conducted in the U.A.E and the study participants were parents of children from ages 4-15 years. The questionnaire used in this study was both self-administered and interviewer-administered while inquiring the questions from the parents. A convenience sampling technique was used to collect the data. The response rate of participants was expected to be 63%, the margin of error was 5% and the level of confidence was 95%. Results: A total of 248 participants (203 mothers, 39 fathers and 6 caregivers) completed the study. Participants reported that the supplements used the most by children were vitamin D supplements (21.85%), followed by multivitamins (21.8%) and calcium supplements (5.6%) and 27.8% of participants in this study reported to no supplementation at all. The rate of vitamin D supplementation among children was higher in those families with higher income levels, parents/caregivers who were more educated, those families who attained health insurance. However, there was no statistical significance between these correlations. Conclusion: The study concluded that challenges like the educational and financial background of parents, family-income level, and health insurance status could help aid in addressing the overall burden of vitamin D deficiency among young children in the UAE. Pediatricians and health care professionals could use our study and use it as an aid to provide screening on lifestyle, sun light exposure, and dietary modifications and also educate parents why and how vitamin D is crucial for their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Sharafi
- College of Pharmacy,, Gulf Medical University,, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aiman Fatima
- College of Pharmacy,, Gulf Medical University,, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Syed Wasif Gillani
- College of Pharmacy,, Gulf Medical University,, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nour Kaddour
- College of Pharmacy,, Gulf Medical University,, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rawa Banoori
- College of Pharmacy,, Gulf Medical University,, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Riham Mohamed Elshafie
- Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, ASUSH,, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Alfaqih MS, Tarawan VM, Sylviana N, Goenawan H, Lesmana R, Susianti S. Effects of Vitamin D on Satellite Cells: A Systematic Review of In Vivo Studies. Nutrients 2022; 14:4558. [PMID: 36364820 PMCID: PMC9657163 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-classical role of vitamin D has been investigated in recent decades. One of which is related to its role in skeletal muscle. Satellite cells are skeletal muscle stem cells that play a pivotal role in skeletal muscle growth and regeneration. This systematic review aims to investigate the effect of vitamin D on satellite cells. A systematic search was performed in Scopus, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar. In vivo studies assessing the effect of vitamin D on satellite cells, published in English in the last ten years were included. Thirteen in vivo studies were analyzed in this review. Vitamin D increases the proliferation of satellite cells in the early life period. In acute muscle injury, vitamin D deficiency reduces satellite cells differentiation. However, administering high doses of vitamin D impairs skeletal muscle regeneration. Vitamin D may maintain satellite cell quiescence and prevent spontaneous differentiation in aging. Supplementation of vitamin D ameliorates decreased satellite cells' function in chronic disease. Overall, evidence suggests that vitamin D affects satellite cells' function in maintaining skeletal muscle homeostasis. Further research is needed to determine the most appropriate dose of vitamin D supplementation in a specific condition for the optimum satellite cells' function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Subhan Alfaqih
- Biomedical Science Master Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Prof Eyckman No.38, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
| | - Vita Murniati Tarawan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Nova Sylviana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
- Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Hanna Goenawan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
- Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Ronny Lesmana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
- Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Susianti Susianti
- Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
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PCOS Physiopathology and Vitamin D Deficiency: Biological Insights and Perspectives for Treatment. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154509. [PMID: 35956124 PMCID: PMC9369478 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent literature has stressed the importance of vitamin D (VD) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Women with PCOS are deficient in VD, particularly those with a higher weight. Hypovitaminosis is a risk factor for glucose intolerance, and reduced levels of VD is associated with insulin resistance and increased diabetes risk. Since women with PCOS and hirsutism seem to have lower levels of VD than women with PCOS without hirsutism, a correlation between VD deficiency and hyperandrogenism may be suggested. Interestingly, VD is crucial for many human physiological functions, including to counteract inflammation and oxidative stress. Some studies evaluated effects of VD supplementation on glucose homeostasis variables, hormonal status, lipid concentrations, and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress among VD-deficient women. Moreover, VD has been shown to play a role in egg quality and fertility. This review aims to show the relationship between VD and the endocrine and metabolic profile of PCOS patients, as well as its implications for their fertility. The supplement of VD to the common therapy can lead to an improvement of the insulin resistance and lipid metabolism, a reduction of circulating androgens, as well as a better response to the induction of ovulation in PCOS women.
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The Multiple Effects of Vitamin D against Chronic Diseases: From Reduction of Lipid Peroxidation to Updated Evidence from Clinical Studies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061090. [PMID: 35739987 PMCID: PMC9220017 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D exerts multiple beneficial effects in humans, including neuronal, immune, and bone homeostasis and the regulation of cardiovascular functions. Recent studies correlate vitamin D with cancer cell growth and survival, but meta-analyses on this topic are often not consistent. Methods: A systematic search of the PubMed database and the Clinical Trial Register was performed to identify all potentially relevant English-language scientific papers containing original research articles on the effects of vitamin D on human health. Results: In this review, we analyzed the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D against acute and chronic diseases, focusing particularly on cancer, immune-related diseases, cardiomyophaties (including heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, and atherosclerosis) and infectious diseases. Conclusions: Vitamin D significantly reduces the pro-oxidant systemic and tissue biomarkers involved in the development, progression, and recurrence of chronic cardiometabolic disease and cancer. The overall picture of this review provides the basis for new randomized controlled trials of oral vitamin D supplementation in patients with cancer and infectious, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular diseases aimed at reducing risk factors for disease recurrence and improving quality of life.
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Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery: An Overview with Emphasis on Vitamin D and K Transportation. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12081376. [PMID: 35458084 PMCID: PMC9024560 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence shows that supplementation with vitamin D and K or their analogs induces beneficial effects in various diseases, e.g., osteoarticular, cardiovascular, or carcinogenesis. The use of drugs delivery systems via organic and inorganic nanocarriers increases the bioavailability of vitamins and analogs, enhancing their cellular delivery and effects. The nanotechnology-based dietary supplements and drugs produced by the food and pharmaceutical industries overcome the issues associated with vitamin administration, such as stability, absorption or low bioavailability. Consequently, there is a continuous interest in optimizing the carriers' systems in order to make them more efficient and specific for the targeted tissue. In this pioneer review, we try to circumscribe the most relevant aspects related to nanocarriers for drug delivery, compare different types of nanoparticles for vitamin D and K transportation, and critically address their benefits and disadvantages.
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Grade IV Sacral Sore Treated with an Ointment Rich in PUFAs, Ceramides, and Antimicrobial Peptides. Case Rep Dermatol Med 2022; 2022:4445055. [PMID: 35295787 PMCID: PMC8920691 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4445055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This report presents the case of a 57-year-old male patient with a history of hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, and coronary disease that after a prolonged postcoronary surgery hospitalization developed a sacral butterfly-shaped sore, with asymmetric involvement of the base of both buttocks, grade III on the left and grade IV on the right sides. The lesion was very painful and had a negative impact on the patient's sleep and mood. Following the initial surgical debridement and treatment with collagenase ointment, the wound showed delayed healing, an increase in necrotic tissue, and purulent discharge, requiring a second surgical debridement that revealed a deeper involvement of the wound. After a month with poor therapeutic response, it was decided to change the treatment to the application of gauzes embedded in an ointment rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), ceramides, and antimicrobial peptides, Curefini® ointment. After 30 days of treatment, a 50% reduction of the initial wound diameter was obtained with a positive impact on the patient's quality of life, together with a reduction of incidental and spontaneous local pain resulting in better night rest and a return of appetite and strength. During the treatment course, the patient did not suffer any local or systemic infection in connection with the wound. After one month, the patient could discontinue the use of opioid analgesics. A 95% closure of the lesion was achieved in 45 days. This case highlights the therapeutic efficacy of the treatment of cavitated wounds with a product based on natural ingredients that helps reduce pain and promotes granulation and reepithelialization.
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Hassan MG, Chen C, Ismail HA, Zaher AR, Cox TC, Goodwin AF, Jheon AH. Altering calcium and phosphorus supplementation in pregnancy and lactation affects offspring craniofacial morphology in a sex-specific pattern. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2022; 161:e446-e455. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Lee HJ, Song YM, Baek S, Park YH, Park JB. Vitamin D Enhanced the Osteogenic Differentiation of Cell Spheroids Composed of Bone Marrow Stem Cells. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:medicina57111271. [PMID: 34833489 PMCID: PMC8625339 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57111271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Vitamin D is a bone modulator widely used in regenerative medicine. This study aimed to analyze the effects of vitamin D on the osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of human mesenchymal stem cells. Materials and Methods: Spheroids were fabricated using human bone marrow-derived stem cells, and were cultured in the presence of vitamin D at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 nM. Stem cell spheroids were fabricated and the morphological evaluation was conducted on days 1, 3, 7 and 14. Determination of qualitative cellular viability was performed with Live/Dead Kit assay on days 1 and 7. Quantitative cellular viability was evaluated with Cell Counting Kit-8 on days 1, 3, 7, and 14. To analyze the osteogenic differentiation of cell spheroids, alkaline phosphatase activity assays were performed with commercially available kit on days 7 and 14. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the expression levels of RUNX2, BSP, OCN, and COL1A1 on days 7 and 14. Results: The stem cells produced well-formed spheroids, and addition of vitamin D did not result in any noticeable changes in the shape. The addition of vitamin D did not significantly change the diameter of the spheroids at 0, 0.1, 1, 10, or 100 nM concentrations. Quantitative cell viability results from days 1, 3, 7 and 14 showed no significant difference between groups (p > 0.05). There was significantly higher alkaline phosphatase activity in the 0.1 nM group when compared with the control group on day 14 (p < 0.05). Real-time polymerase chain reaction results demonstrated that the mRNA expression levels of RUNX2, OCN, and COL1A1 were significantly increased when vitamin D was added to the culture. Conclusions: Based on these findings, we concluded that vitamin D could be applied to the increased osteogenicity of stem cell spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jin Lee
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (Y.-M.S.)
| | - Young-Min Song
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (Y.-M.S.)
| | | | - Yoon-Hee Park
- Ebiogen, #405, Sungsu A1 Center 48 Ttukseom-ro 17-ga-gil, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04785, Korea;
| | - Jun-Beom Park
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (Y.-M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2258-6290
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Ofoedu CE, Iwouno JO, Ofoedu EO, Ogueke CC, Igwe VS, Agunwah IM, Ofoedum AF, Chacha JS, Muobike OP, Agunbiade AO, Njoku NE, Nwakaudu AA, Odimegwu NE, Ndukauba OE, Ogbonna CU, Naibaho J, Korus M, Okpala COR. Revisiting food-sourced vitamins for consumer diet and health needs: a perspective review, from vitamin classification, metabolic functions, absorption, utilization, to balancing nutritional requirements. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11940. [PMID: 34557342 PMCID: PMC8418216 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The significant attention gained by food-sourced vitamins has provided insights into numerous current researches; for instance, the potential reversal of epigenetic age using a diet and lifestyle intervention, the balance between food and dietary supplements in the general population, the role of diet and food intake in age-related macular degeneration, and the association of dietary supplement use, nutrient intake and mortality among adults. As relevant literature about food-sourced vitamin increases, continuous synthesis is warranted. To supplement existing information, this perspective review discussed food-sourced vitamins for consumer diet and health needs, scoping from vitamin absorption, metabolic functions, utilization, to balancing nutritional requirements. Relevant literatures were identified through a search of databases like Google Scholar, Web of Science, the Interscience Online Library, ScienceDirect, and PubMed. We demonstrated that vitamins whether from plant- and animal-based sources are prerequisites for the metabolic functions of the human body. The fat- and water-soluble classification of vitamins remains consistent with their respective absorption and dissolution potentials, underpinned by numerous physiological functions. Vitamins, largely absorbed in the small intestine, have their bioavailability dependent on the food composition, its associated interactions, as well as alignment with their metabolic functions, which involves antioxidants, coenzymes, electron acceptor/donor, and hormones. Moreover, vitamin deficiencies, in every form, pose a serious threat to human health. Vitamin toxicities remain rare, but can still occur mainly from supplementation, although it appears much less in water-soluble vitamins of which some excesses get readily removed by the human body, different from the fat-soluble ones that are stored in tissues and organs. Besides discussions of absorption, transport, and cellular uptake of vitamins, this perspective review also included approaches to meeting vitamin requirements and therapeutic strategies against micronutrient deficiency and COVID-19. We have also attempted on how to strike the balance between food-sourced vitamins and dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chigozie E. Ofoedu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Jude O. Iwouno
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Ebelechukwu O. Ofoedu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Chika C. Ogueke
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Victory S. Igwe
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Ijeoma M. Agunwah
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Arinze F. Ofoedum
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - James S. Chacha
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition, and Consumer Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Onyinye P. Muobike
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Adedoyin O. Agunbiade
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Food Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Njideka E. Njoku
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Angela A. Nwakaudu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Nkiru E. Odimegwu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Onyekachi E. Ndukauba
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Chukwuka U. Ogbonna
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun, Nigeria
| | - Joncer Naibaho
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Korus
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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MEHTA S, NAIN PARMINDER, AGRAWAL BIMALK, pal Singh R. Vitamin D with Calcium Supplementation Managing Glycemic Control with HbA1c and Improve quality of Life in Diabetic Patients. Turk J Pharm Sci 2021; 19:161-167. [DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.62357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Deng M, Liu C, Jiang W, Wang F, Zhou J, Wang D, Wang Y. A novel genetic variant associated with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo within the LOXL1. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1469. [PMID: 32827243 PMCID: PMC7549573 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a common, self‐limited, and favorable prognostic peripheral vestibular disorder. BPPV is transmitted in an autosomal dominant fashion, but most cases occur sporadically. Little research has been reported regarding the mutation spectrum of sporadic BPPV in a large cohort. This study attempted to identify the causative candidate variants associated with BPPV in VDR, LOXL1, and LOXL1‐AS1. Methods An amplicon‐targeted next‐generation sequencing (NGS) method for VDR, LOXL1, and LOXL1‐AS1, was completed in 726 BPPV patients and 502 normal controls. A total of 30 variants (20 variants from VDR, nine variants from LOXL1, seven variants from LOXL1‐AS1) were identified in these two groups. Results Three of 30 variants were nonsynonymous mutations, but no significant difference was found between the BPPV group and the control group via association analysis. A single nucleotide variant (SNV), rs1078967, was identified that is located in intron 1 of LOXL1. The allelic frequency distribution differed significantly between the BPPV group and the control group (p = 0.002). Genotypic frequency was also significantly different (p = 0.006), as determined by gene‐based analyses. Conclusion This report is the first to analyze the variant spectrum of BPPV in a large Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Deng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weiqing Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Bio-X Institute, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Bio-X Institute, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Headache Center, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
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Beckett E. More Than Bone Health: The Many Roles for Vitamin D. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082388. [PMID: 32785003 PMCID: PMC7468693 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Beckett
- School of Environmental and Life Science, The University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia;
- Australia and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
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Fabisiak A, Brzeminski P, Berkowska K, Rárová L, Marcinkowska E, Sicinski RR. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 2-alkylidene 19-norcalcitriol analogs. Bioorg Chem 2020; 101:104013. [PMID: 32629275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Continuing our studies aimed at A-ring modified vitamin D compounds, we designed novel 19-norcalcitriol derivatives bearing at C-2 pegylated chains of different lengths. The terminal fragments of these substituents contain hydroxyls or moieties possessing nitrogen and/or sulfur atoms capable of transition metal ions complexation. Also, two conjugate-type platinum(II) complexes of 19-norcalcitriol were obtained in which l-methionine served as chelating moiety. The convergent synthesis of the target 19-norcalcitriol analogs involved several steps with the crucial one being condensation of A-ring phosphine oxide and the known Grundmann ketone by Wittig-Horner reaction. Further elaboration of the 2-alkylidene substituent provided all final compounds which were then tested to determine their affinity for the vitamin D receptor and cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Fabisiak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Brzeminski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Berkowska
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Lucie Rárová
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ewa Marcinkowska
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafal R Sicinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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Rai SK, Gupta TP, Kashid M, Shaki O, Chakrabarty BK, Upreti V. Can self-perceived easy fatigability be a predictor of vitamin D deficiency in young Indian women? J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:997-1002. [PMID: 32318457 PMCID: PMC7113952 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_862_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Easy fatigability is a common presenting complaint in Indian women who visited primary care hospitals. Many medical conditions like cancer, chronic bronchial asthma, prolonged use of glucocorticosteroid, renal disorder, and hypothyroidism have been associated with low levels of vitamin D. Correction of vitamin D level improves the symptom of fatigue. Whether low vitamin D causes fatigue in otherwise healthy women is the subject of research. Aim This prospective nonrandomized and therapeutic study observed the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in women with fatigue and the effect of correction of vitamin D level in fatigue-like symptoms. Material and Methods One thousand two hundred adult women, who presented in our primary care hospital with complaints of easy fatigue, otherwise no associated medical illness were included. They completed the fatigue assessment questionnaire (FAQ). Patients with hypovitaminosis D received cholecalciferol (60000 IU) therapy for 5 weeks. Scores of pre- and post-treatment FAQs were noted and compared. Results The prevalence of low vitamin D was noted in 84.8% women who presented with main complaints of fatigue. After the correction of vitamin D level, fatigue symptom scores improved significantly (P < 0.001) in 82.6% of the women in all five-subscale categories of the FAQ. Conclusion We observed a high prevalence of low serum vitamin D level in women who presents with fatigue with no medical illness. A significant improvement was noted in the severity of their fatigue symptoms after the correction of vitamin D levels with cholecalciferol therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar Rai
- Department of Orthopaedics, 151 Base Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Tej Pratap Gupta
- Department of Orthopaedics, 151 Base Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Manoj Kashid
- Department of Orthopaedics, SMBT Medical Colleges, Igatpuri, Nasik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Omna Shaki
- Department of Trauma and Emergency, 151 Base Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | | | - Vimal Upreti
- Department of Medicine, 151 Base Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Matana A, Brdar D, Torlak V, Boutin T, Popović M, Gunjača I, Kolčić I, Boraska Perica V, Punda A, Polašek O, Barbalić M, Hayward C, Zemunik T. Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies novel loci associated with parathyroid hormone level. Mol Med 2018; 24:15. [PMID: 30134803 PMCID: PMC6016867 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-018-0018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is one of the principal regulators of calcium homeostasis. Although serum PTH level is mostly accounted by genetic factors, genetic background underlying PTH level is insufficiently known. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify novel genetic variants associated with PTH levels. Methods We performed GWAS meta-analysis within two genetically isolated Croatian populations followed by replication analysis in a Croatian mainland population and we also combined results across all three analyzed populations. The analyses included 2596 individuals. A total of 7,411,206 variants, imputed using the 1000 Genomes reference panel, were analysed for the association. In addition, a sex-specific GWAS meta-analyses were performed. Results Polymorphisms with the lowest P-values were located on chromosome 4 approximately 84 kb of the 5′ of RASGEF1B gene. The most significant SNP was rs11099476 (P = 1.15 × 10−8). Sex-specific analysis identified genome-wide significant association of the variant rs77178854, located within DPP10 gene in females only (P = 2.21 × 10− 9). There were no genome-wide significant findings in the meta-analysis of males. Conclusions We identified two biologically plausible novel loci associated with PTH levels, providing us with further insights into the genetics of this complex trait. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s10020-018-0018-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonela Matana
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split, School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, Split, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Brdar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Split, Spinciceva 1, Split, Croatia
| | - Vesela Torlak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Split, Spinciceva 1, Split, Croatia
| | - Thibaud Boutin
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marijana Popović
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split, School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, Split, Croatia
| | - Ivana Gunjača
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split, School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, Split, Croatia
| | - Ivana Kolčić
- Department of Public Health, University of Split, School of Medicine Split, Šoltanska 2, Split, Croatia
| | - Vesna Boraska Perica
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split, School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, Split, Croatia
| | - Ante Punda
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Split, Spinciceva 1, Split, Croatia
| | - Ozren Polašek
- Department of Public Health, University of Split, School of Medicine Split, Šoltanska 2, Split, Croatia
| | - Maja Barbalić
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split, School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, Split, Croatia
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tatijana Zemunik
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split, School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, Split, Croatia.
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Wu DB, Wang ML, Chen EQ, Tang H. New insights into the role of vitamin D in hepatocellular carcinoma. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 12:287-294. [PMID: 29140126 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2018.1406307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In addition to being crucial for host immune defense, vitamin D is involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, inflammation, invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis and micro-RNA modulation. To date, clinical studies have demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency is common not only in patients with chronic liver diseases but also in those with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Experimental studies have also demonstrated that vitamin D and its receptors are related to the occurrence of HCC and the prognoses of patients with HCC. Areas covered: In this review, we discuss the potential anti-tumor role of vitamin D in HCC based on current findings from epidemiological studies, basic science, and clinical studies and provide new insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of HCC. Expert commentary: Recent studies have revealed the anti-tumor effects of vitamin D to a certain degree. Vitamin D and its analogs may provide new treatment targets and prognostic factors for HCC that might be essential for the primary or secondary prevention of HCC and the monitoring of its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Bo Wu
- a Center of Infectious Diseases , West China Hospital of Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Meng-Lan Wang
- a Center of Infectious Diseases , West China Hospital of Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - En-Qiang Chen
- a Center of Infectious Diseases , West China Hospital of Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Hong Tang
- a Center of Infectious Diseases , West China Hospital of Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
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Szybinski M, Brzeminski P, Fabisiak A, Berkowska K, Marcinkowska E, Sicinski RR. Seco-B-Ring Steroidal Dienynes with Aromatic D Ring: Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102162. [PMID: 29039779 PMCID: PMC5666843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuing our structure-activity studies on the vitamin D analogs with the altered intercyclic seco-B-ring fragment, we designed compounds possessing dienyne system conjugated with the benzene D ring. Analysis of the literature data and the docking experiments seemed to indicate that the target compounds could mimic the ligands with a good affinity to the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Multi-step synthesis of the C/D-ring building block of the tetralone structure was achieved and its enol triflate was coupled with the known A-ring fragments, possessing conjugated enyne moiety, using Sonogashira protocol. The structures of the final products were confirmed by NMR, UV and mass spectroscopy. Their binding affinities for the full-length human VDR were determined and it was established that compound substituted at C-2 with exomethylene group showed significant binding to the receptor. This analog was also able to induce monocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Szybinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Pawel Brzeminski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Adrian Fabisiak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Klaudia Berkowska
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Ewa Marcinkowska
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Rafal R Sicinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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Minisola S, Peacock M, Fukumoto S, Cipriani C, Pepe J, Tella SH, Collins MT. Tumour-induced osteomalacia. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2017; 3:17044. [PMID: 28703220 DOI: 10.1038/nrdp.2017.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumour-induced osteomalacia (TIO), also known as oncogenic osteomalacia, is a rare paraneoplastic disorder caused by tumours that secrete fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). Owing to the role of FGF23 in renal phosphate handling and vitamin D synthesis, TIO is characterized by decreased renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate, by hypophosphataemia and by low levels of active vitamin D. Chronic hypophosphataemia ultimately results in osteomalacia (that is, inadequate bone mineralization). The diagnosis of TIO is usually suspected when serum phosphate levels are chronically low in the setting of bone pain, fragility fractures and muscle weakness. Locating the offending tumour can be very difficult, as the tumour is often very small and can be anywhere in the body. Surgical removal of the tumour is the only definitive treatment. When the tumour cannot be located or when complete resection is not possible, medical treatment with phosphate salts or active vitamin D is necessary. One of the most promising emerging treatments for unresectable tumours that cause TIO is the anti-FGF23 monoclonal antibody KRN23. The recent identification of a fusion of fibronectin and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) as a molecular driver in some tumours not only sheds light on the pathophysiology of TIO but also opens the door to a better understanding of the transcription, translocation, post-translational modification and secretion of FGF23, as well as suggesting approaches to targeted therapy. Further study will reveal if the FGFR1 pathway is also involved in tumours that do not harbour the translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Minisola
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Munro Peacock
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Seijii Fukumoto
- Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Cristiana Cipriani
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Jessica Pepe
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Sri Harsha Tella
- Section on Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Endocrinology and Metabolism, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael T Collins
- Section on Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Reins RY, Hanlon SD, Magadi S, McDermott AM. Effects of Topically Applied Vitamin D during Corneal Wound Healing. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152889. [PMID: 27035345 PMCID: PMC4817982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is an important regulator of immune function and largely acts to dampen chronic inflammatory events in a variety of tissues. There is also accumulating evidence that vitamin D acts to enhance initial inflammation, beneficial during both infection and wound healing, and then promotes resolution and prevention of chronic, damaging inflammation. The current study examines the effect of topical vitamin D in a mouse of model of corneal epithelial wound healing, where acute inflammation is necessary for efficient wound closure. At 12 and 18 hours post-wounding, vitamin D treatment significantly delayed wound closure by ~17% and increased infiltration of neutrophils into the central cornea. Basal epithelial cell division, corneal nerve density, and levels of VEGF, TGFβ, IL-1β, and TNFα were unchanged. However, vitamin D increased the production of the anti-microbial peptide CRAMP 12 hours after wounding. These data suggest a possible role for vitamin D in modulating corneal wound healing and have important implications for therapeutic use of vitamin D at the ocular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Y. Reins
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Samuel D. Hanlon
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sri Magadi
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alison M. McDermott
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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31
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Keeney JT, Butterfield DA. Vitamin D deficiency and Alzheimer disease: Common links. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 84:84-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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32
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The Vitamin D3 1alpha-Hydroxylase Gene and Its Regulation by Active Vitamin D3. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 75:208-13. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.100684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Bergwitz C, Jüppner H. Phosphate sensing. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2011; 18:132-44. [PMID: 21406298 PMCID: PMC3059779 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human phosphate homeostasis is regulated at the level of intestinal absorption of phosphate from the diet, release of phosphate through bone resorption, and renal phosphate excretion, and involves the actions of parathyroid hormone, 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D, and fibroblast growth factor 23 to maintain circulating phosphate levels within a narrow normal range, which is essential for numerous cellular functions, for the growth of tissues and for bone mineralization. Prokaryotic and single cellular eukaryotic organisms such as bacteria and yeast "sense" ambient phosphate with a multi-protein complex located in their plasma membrane, which modulates the expression of genes important for phosphate uptake and metabolism (pho pathway). Database searches based on amino acid sequence conservation alone have been unable to identify metazoan orthologs of the bacterial and yeast phosphate sensors. Thus, little is known about how human and other metazoan cells sense inorganic phosphate to regulate the effects of phosphate on cell metabolism ("metabolic" sensing) or to regulate the levels of extracellular phosphate through feedback system(s) ("endocrine" sensing). Whether the "metabolic" and the "endocrine" sensor use the same or different signal transduction cascades is unknown. This article will review the bacterial and yeast phosphate sensors, and then discuss what is currently known about the metabolic and endocrine effects of phosphate in multicellular organisms and human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Bergwitz
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Moore DD, Kato S, Xie W, Mangelsdorf DJ, Schmidt DR, Xiao R, Kliewer SA. International Union of Pharmacology. LXII. The NR1H and NR1I receptors: constitutive androstane receptor, pregnene X receptor, farnesoid X receptor alpha, farnesoid X receptor beta, liver X receptor alpha, liver X receptor beta, and vitamin D receptor. Pharmacol Rev 2007; 58:742-59. [PMID: 17132852 DOI: 10.1124/pr.58.4.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptors of the NR1H and NR1I subgroups include the constitutive androstane receptor, pregnane X receptor, farnesoid X receptors, liver X receptors, and vitamin D receptor. The newly emerging functions of these related receptors are under the control of metabolic pathways, including metabolism of xenobiotics, bile acids, cholesterol, and calcium. This review summarizes results of structural, pharmacologic, and genetic studies of these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D Moore
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Yamaoka K, Shindo M, Iwasaki K, Yamaoka I, Yamamoto Y, Kitagawa H, Kato S. Multiple co-activator complexes support ligand-induced transactivation function of VDR. Arch Biochem Biophys 2006; 460:166-71. [PMID: 16949543 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2006.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2006] [Revised: 07/26/2006] [Accepted: 07/27/2006] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) mediates a wide variety of vitamin D actions through transcriptional controls of target genes as a ligand-dependent transcription factor. The transactivation by VDR is known to associate with two co-activator complexes, DRIP/TRAP and p160/CBP, through physical interaction with DRIP205 and p160 members (TIF2) components, respectively. However, functional difference between the two co-activator complexes for VDR co-activation remains unclear. In the present study, to address this issue, a series of point mutants in VDR helix 12 were generated to test the functional association. Alanine replacement of VDR valine 418 resulted in loss of DRIP205 interaction, but it was still transcriptionally potent with ability to interact with TIF2. Surprisingly, the V421A mutant was only partially impaired in transactivation without co-activator interaction, implying presence of a putative co-activator/complex. Thus, these findings suggest that ligand-induced transcriptional controls by VDR require a number of known and unknown co-regulator complexes, that may support the tissue-specific function of VDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Yamaoka
- ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchisi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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Vigo Gago E, Cadarso-Suárez C, Perez-Fernandez R, Romero Burgos R, Devesa Mugica J, Segura Iglesias C. Association between vitamin D receptor FokI. Polymorphism and serum parathyroid hormone level in patients with chronic renal failure. J Endocrinol Invest 2005; 28:117-21. [PMID: 15887856 DOI: 10.1007/bf03345353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between vitamin D receptor (VDR) start codon polymorphism and serum levels of PTH, calcidiol, and calcium in 64 Spanish patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). An exon 2 fragment of the VDR gene was amplified by PCR, and cleaved with the restriction enzyme FokI. The alleles were identified according to the digestion pattern obtained as F (absence of restriction site) and f (presence of restriction site). Genotype frequencies in the patient population were 54.7% FF, 28.1% Ff and 17.2% ff, vs 46.7% FF, 43.3% Ff and 10% ff in a healthy control population. The difference between the two populations was statistically significant (p<0.01). Within the patient population, mean serum PTH level in the FF group was significantly higher (159.77+/-25.69 pg/ml) than in both the Ff and ff groups (106.67+/-19.07 and 77.55+/-15.85 pg/ml, respectively; p<0.05). However there were no significant differences in serum levels of calcidiol or calcium among genotypes. These results suggest that FokI polymorphisms of the VDR gene may determine parathyroid response in CRF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vigo Gago
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Kato S, Takeyama KI. Expression cloning of ligand biosynthetic enzymes. Methods Enzymol 2003; 364:361-75. [PMID: 14631856 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(03)64021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeaki Kato
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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Yagishita N, Yamamoto Y, Yoshizawa T, Sekine K, Uematsu Y, Murayama H, Nagai Y, Krezel W, Chambon P, Matsumoto T, Kato S. Aberrant growth plate development in VDR/RXR gamma double null mutant mice. Endocrinology 2001; 142:5332-41. [PMID: 11713233 DOI: 10.1210/endo.142.12.8544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
VDR forms heterodimers with one of three RXRs, RXR alpha, RXR beta, and RXR gamma, and it is thought that RXR ligands can also modulate the trans-activation function of VDR/RXR heterodimers. In the present study we generated VDR/RXR gamma double null mutant mice to examine the convergent actions of vitamin D and vitamin A signaling and to explore the possibility of a functionally redundant VDR. Although RXR gamma(-/-) mice exhibited no overt abnormalities, VDR(-/-)/RXR gamma(-/-) mice appeared similar to VDR(-/-) mice, showing features typical of vitamin D-dependent rickets type II, including growth retardation, impaired bone formation, hypocalcemia, and alopecia. However, compared to VDR(-/-) mice, growth plate development in VDR(-/-)/RXR gamma(-/-) mutant mice was more severely impaired. Normalizing mineral ion homeostasis through dietary supplementation with high calcium and phosphorous effectively prevented rachitic abnormalities, except for disarranged growth plates in VDR(-/-)/RXR gamma(-/-) mutant mice, and alopecia in both VDR(-/-) and VDR(-/-)/RXR gamma(-/-) mutant mice. Histological analysis of VDR(-/-)/RXR gamma(-/-) growth plates revealed that development of the hypertrophic chondrocytes was selectively impaired. Thus, our findings indicated that the combined actions of VDR- and RXR gamma-mediated signals are essential for the normal development of growth plate chondrocytes, and raised the possibility that a functionally redundant VDR is present on chondrocytes as a heterodimer with RXR gamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yagishita
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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Endres B, DeLuca HF. 26-Hydroxylation of 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Does Not Occur under Physiological Conditions. Arch Biochem Biophys 2001; 388:127-34. [PMID: 11361128 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.2000.2271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The 26-hydroxylation of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in rats in vitro and in vivo was studied under physiological conditions. Incubation of 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-[26,27-3H]vitamin D3 with rat kidney or rat liver homogenate showed formation of a metabolite that was identified as 1alpha,25(S),26-trihydroxy-[26,27-3H]vitamin D3 by comigration on three different HPLC systems and a periodate cleavage reaction. This metabolite was not generated by hydroxylation of 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-[26,27-3H]vitamin D3 itself but by an enzymatic conversion of a precursor that was formed nonenzymatically in substantial amounts upon storage of 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-[26,27-3H]vitamin D3 in ethanol at -20 degrees C under argon for more than three weeks. An in vivo metabolism study in rats dosed with a physiological dose of 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-[26,27-3H]vitamin D3 confirmed the absence of 26-hydroxylation of the hormone. As expected at 6 h postinjection of purified 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-[26,27-3H]vitamin D3, 1alpha,24(R),25-trihydroxy-[26,27-3H]vitamin D3, as well as traces of (23S,25R)-1alpha,25-dihydroxy-[3H]vitamin D3-lactone were detected and identified on straight phase and reverse phase HPLC in serum, kidney, and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Endres
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706, USA
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Beckman
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706, USA
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Kato S. Genetic mutation in the human 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1alpha-hydroxylase gene causes vitamin D-dependent rickets type I. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1999; 156:7-12. [PMID: 10612418 DOI: 10.1016/s0303-7207(99)00128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is deeply involved in a wide variety of biological events such as calcium homeostasis, bone formation and cellular differentiation. An active form of vitamin D, 1alpha,25(OH)2D3, serves as a vitamin D receptor (VDR)-specific ligand to activate the expression of a particular set of target genes. 1Alpha,25(OH)2D3, is biosynthesized from cholesterol, and at the final biosynthesis step, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1alpha-hydroxylase [1alpha(OH)ase] in kidney conducts 1alpha-hydroxylation of 25(OH)2D3. This enzymatic activity is under multihormonal regulation and critical for the biosynthesis. Molecular cloning of 1alpha(OH)ase from several species has revealed that this enzyme belongs to a member of the cytochrome P450 enzyme superfamily, with highest homologies to the P450 hydroxylases for vitamin D derivatives. The renal gene expression is strictly regulated at the transcriptional level through its gene promoter by PTH and calcitonine (positive) and 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 (negative). Most importantly in clinical aspects, genetic mutations in this gene to abolish the enzymatic activity are now shown to cause the one of three kinds of hereditary rickets, vitamin D-dependent rickets type I.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kato
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
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42
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Siu-Caldera ML, Sekimoto H, Weiskopf A, Vouros P, Muralidharan KR, Okamura WH, Bishop J, Norman AW, Uskoković MR, Schuster I, Reddy GS. Production of 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-3-epi-vitamin D3 in two rat osteosarcoma cell lines (UMR 106 and ROS 17/2.8): existence of the C-3 epimerization pathway in ROS 17/2.8 cells in which the C-24 oxidation pathway is not expressed. Bone 1999; 24:457-63. [PMID: 10321905 DOI: 10.1016/s8756-3282(99)00019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The secosteroid hormone 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1alpha,25(OH)2D3] is metabolized into calcitroic acid through the carbon 24 (C-24) oxidation pathway. It is now well established that the C-24 oxidation pathway plays an important role in the target tissue inactivation of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3. Recently, we reported that 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 is also metabolized into 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-3-epi-vitamin D3 [1alpha,25(OH)2-3-epi-D3] through the carbon 3 (C-3) epimerization pathway in human keratinocytes, human colon carcinoma cells (Caco-2), and bovine parathyroid cells. In a previous study, it was demonstrated that 1alpha,25(OH)2-3-epi-D3 when compared to 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 was less active in stimulating intestinal calcium absorption, calcium mobilization from bone, and induction of calbindin D28k. These findings suggest that the C-3 epimerization pathway, like the C-24 oxidation pathway, may play a role in the target tissue inactivation of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3. In this study, we determined the relationship between the C-24 oxidation and the C-3 epimerization pathways by investigating the metabolism of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 in two rat osteosarcoma cell lines (UMR 106 and ROS 17/2.8). These two cell lines differ from each other in their ability to metabolize 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 through the C-24 oxidation pathway. It has been previously reported that the C-24 oxidation pathway is expressed only in UMR 106 cells but not in ROS 17/2.8 cells. The results of our present study provide new evidence that both cell lines possess the ability to metabolize 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 into 1alpha,25(OH)2-3-epi-D3 through the C-3 epimerization pathway. Our results also reconfirm the findings of previous studies indicating that UMR 106 cells are the only ones which express the C-24 oxidation pathway out of the two cell lines studied. Furthermore, this study reveals for the first time that the C-3 epimerization pathway may become an alternate metabolic pathway for the target tissue inactivation of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 in some cells, such as ROS 17/2.8, in which the C-24 oxidation pathway is not expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Siu-Caldera
- Women and Infants' Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, USA
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43
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Sekimoto H, Siu-Caldera ML, Weiskopf A, Vouros P, Muralidharan KR, Okamura WH, Uskokovic MR, Reddy GS. 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-3-epi-vitamin D3: in vivo metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in rats. FEBS Lett 1999; 448:278-82. [PMID: 10218492 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00377-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We recently identified 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-3-epi-vitamin D3 as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes. We now report the isolation of 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-3-epi-vitamin D3 from the serum of rats treated with pharmacological doses of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-3-epi-vitamin D3 was identified through its co-migration with synthetic 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-3-epi-vitamin D3 on both straight and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography systems and by mass spectrometry. Along with 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-3-epi-vitamin D3, other previously known metabolites, namely, 1alpha,24(R),25-trihydroxyvitamin D3, 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-24-oxo-vitamin D3 and 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-26,23-lactone, were also identified. Thus, our study for the first time provides direct evidence to indicate that 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-3-epi-vitamin D3 is an in vivo metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sekimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence 02905, USA
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44
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Yanagisawa J, Yanagi Y, Masuhiro Y, Suzawa M, Watanabe M, Kashiwagi K, Toriyabe T, Kawabata M, Miyazono K, Kato S. Convergence of transforming growth factor-beta and vitamin D signaling pathways on SMAD transcriptional coactivators. Science 1999; 283:1317-21. [PMID: 10037600 DOI: 10.1126/science.283.5406.1317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cell proliferation and differentiation are regulated by growth regulatory factors such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and the liphophilic hormone vitamin D. TGF-beta causes activation of SMAD proteins acting as coactivators or transcription factors in the nucleus. Vitamin D controls transcription of target genes through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Smad3, one of the SMAD proteins downstream in the TGF-beta signaling pathway, was found in mammalian cells to act as a coactivator specific for ligand-induced transactivation of VDR by forming a complex with a member of the steroid receptor coactivator-1 protein family in the nucleus. Thus, Smad3 may mediate cross-talk between vitamin D and TGF-beta signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yanagisawa
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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45
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Kato S, Yanagisawa J, Murayama A, Kitanaka S, Takeyama K. The importance of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1 alpha-hydroxylase gene in vitamin D-dependent rickets. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 1998; 7:377-83. [PMID: 9690035 DOI: 10.1097/00041552-199807000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D plays a role in a wide variety of biological events such as calcium homeostasis, bone formation and cellular differentiation. An active form of vitamin D acting as a ligand specific vitamin D receptor (VDR), 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3, is biosynthesized from cholesterol, and during this biosynthesis a renal 25-hydroxylation at the final stage by 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1 alpha-hydroxylase is critical. Recent studies isolated the cDNA encoding 1 alpha-hydroxylase from several species, and revealed that this enzyme belongs to a member of the cytochrome p450 enzyme superfamily, with highest homologies to the p450 hydroxylases for vitamin D derivatives. One of three kinds of hereditary rickets (vitamin D-dependent rickets type I) displays an autosomal recessive trait and clinical features consistent with a defect of 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity, and the genetic analysis of the type I patients identified missense mutations of the 1 alpha(OH)ase gene that results in a loss of this enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kato
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Japan.
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46
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Takeyama K, Kitanaka S, Sato T, Kobori M, Yanagisawa J, Kato S. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1alpha-hydroxylase and vitamin D synthesis. Science 1997; 277:1827-30. [PMID: 9295274 DOI: 10.1126/science.277.5333.1827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1alpha-hydroxylase [1alpha(OH)ase] catalyzes metabolic activation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 into 1alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1alpha,25(OH)2D3], an active form of vitamin D, and is inhibited by 1alpha,25(OH)2D3. 1alpha(OH)ase, which was cloned from the kidney of mice lacking the vitamin D receptor (VDR-/- mice), is a member of the P450 family of enzymes (P450VD1alpha). Expression of 1alpha(OH)ase was suppressed by 1alpha, 25(OH)2D3 in VDR+/+ and VDR+/- mice but not in VDR-/- mice. These results indicate that the negative feedback regulation of active vitamin D synthesis is mediated by 1alpha(OH)ase through liganded VDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Takeyama
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan
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47
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Veenstra TD, Windebank AJ, Kumar R. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 regulates the expression of N-myc, c-myc, protein kinase C, and transforming growth factor-beta2 in neuroblastoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 235:15-8. [PMID: 9196027 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) alters the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells in culture in part via a nerve growth factor (NGF)-mediated pathway. This suggests that factors other than NGF also play a role in the growth arrest induced by 1,25(OH)2D3. To more fully characterize the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on neuroblastoma cells, we treated the cells with 10(-8) M 1,25(OH)2D3 and examined the cells for changes in the expression of N-myc, c-myc, transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGF-beta2), and protein kinase C (PKC) activity. Our results show that 1,25(OH)2D3 causes a decrease in the expression of N-myc and c-myc, as well as a two-fold increase in total PKC activity and a dose-dependent increase in TGF-beta2 expression. These results show that 1,25(OH)2D3 regulates the expression of growth-regulatory factors other than NGF in neuroblastoma cells and that 1,25(OH)2D3 influences the growth of neural cells via multiple growth regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Veenstra
- Nephrology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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Mehta RG, Moriarty RM, Mehta RR, Penmasta R, Lazzaro G, Constantinou A, Guo L. Prevention of preneoplastic mammary lesion development by a novel vitamin D analogue, 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D5. J Natl Cancer Inst 1997; 89:212-8. [PMID: 9017001 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/89.3.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The form of vitamin D (vitamin D3) in fortified milk and the provitamin D produced by the body undergo metabolic activation to a biologically active form, 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1alpha,25(OH)2D3]. This compound can induce cell differentiation and can prevent proliferation of cancer cells. However, because 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 is hypercalcemic (effective in increasing serum calcium level), it is not suitable for use in cancer prevention or cancer therapy trials. PURPOSE We synthesized a vitamin D5 series analogue, 1alpha-hydroxy, 24-ethyl-cholecalciferol, or 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D5 [1alpha(OH)D5], and evaluated its chemopreventive activity in carcinogen-treated mammary glands in organ culture experiments. METHODS The analogue 1alpha(OH)D5 was synthesized from sitosterol acetate and was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance. Its purity was evaluated by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The calcemic activities of vitamin D3 and D5 analogues were determined in vitamin D-deficient Sprague-Dawley rats. Mammary glands of BALB/c mice were placed in organ culture and treated with the carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) to induce preneoplastic lesions. Vitamin D analogues were added to the culture medium at four different concentrations, and formation of mammary lesions was evaluated. The effects of 1alpha(OH)D5 and 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 on the expression of vitamin D receptors (VDRs) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) were studied by immunohistochemistry. Statistical significance was determined by the chi-squared test. All reported P values were two-sided. RESULTS 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 was fourfold more calcemic than 1alpha(OH)D5 at a dose of 0.042 microg/kg per day in rats. Both 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 and 1alpha(OH)D5 inhibited the development of DMBA-induced preneoplastic lesions in mouse mammary glands compared with untreated glands. The effect of the vitamin D3 analogue was observed at a much lower concentration (0.01 microM). Treatment with 1alpha(OH)D5 resulted in a dose-related (0.01-10.0 microM) inhibition without any toxicity, whereas the vitamin D3 analogue was highly potent but toxic at concentrations of 1.0 microM or higher. Normal mouse mammary glands poorly express VDR and TGF-beta1; incubation with 1alpha(OH)D5 or 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 dramatically induced their expression. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report showing the possibility of chemoprevention by a vitamin D5 series compound. We conclude that 1alpha(OH)D5 is less calcemic than 1alpha,25(OH)2D3. It is nontoxic at a wide range of concentrations, but it is potent in inhibiting the development of preneoplastic lesions in mammary glands in organ culture. In addition, we show for the first time the induction of TGF-beta1 in normal mammary tissues by a chemopreventive agent. IMPLICATIONS 1alpha(OH)D5 is a good candidate for in vivo chemoprevention studies. It may mediate its action by inducing expression of VDR and of TGF-beta1, as is seen in other systems.
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MESH Headings
- 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
- Animals
- Calcitriol/pharmacology
- Calcium/blood
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Hydroxycholecalciferols/pharmacology
- Male
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/chemistry
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Organ Culture Techniques
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Calcitriol/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Calcitriol/drug effects
- Receptors, Calcitriol/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/biosynthesis
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/drug effects
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Vitamin D/analogs & derivatives
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Mehta
- Department of Surgical Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago 60612, USA
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49
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Ornoy A, Suissa M, Yaffe P, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. Gender-related effects of vitamin D metabolites on cartilage and bone. BONE AND MINERAL 1994; 27:235-47. [PMID: 7696889 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-6009(08)80196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Sex steroid hormones are known to have gender-dependent effects on bone and cartilage in vivo and in vitro. To investigate whether this is a general property of steroids, or is specific to the sex steroid hormones, we examined whether the effects on bone of 1,25-(OH)2D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3, the two active metabolites of vitamin D, are also gender-dependent. One-month-old male and female rats were treated for 1 month with various doses of 1,25-(OH)2D3, 24,25-(OH)2D3, or a combination of both metabolites. The direct effects of both metabolites on the skeleton of the treated animals were similar in male and female rats. 24,25-(OH)2D3 alone or in combination with 1,25-(OH)2D3 increased bone calcium and phosphorus, while 1,25-(OH)2D3 slightly decreased bone mineral content. 24,25-(OH)2D3 also enhanced the differentiation of cartilage in the growth plate, increasing the size of the hypertrophic zone. In addition, an increased metaphyseal bone volume was observed following 24,25-(OH)2D3 treatment in rats of both sexes, but not with 1,25-(OH)2D3. Vitamin D metabolites affected the weight gain of the experimental animals in a gender-dependent manner; 1,25-(OH)2D3 increased weight gain of male rats and 24,25-(OH)2D3 decreased weight gain of female rats. In addition, 1,25-(OH)2D3 increased bone weight and ash weight in male animals. These gender-dependent effects of vitamin D metabolites may occur indirectly via effects of sex steroid hormones, the latter being a sex-related effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ornoy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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50
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Inao S, Conrad HE. Coordinate inhibition of alkaline phosphatase and type X collagen syntheses by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in primary cultured hypertrophic chondrocytes. Calcif Tissue Int 1992; 50:445-50. [PMID: 1596780 DOI: 10.1007/bf00296776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) (2.3 x 10(-12) - 1.4 x 10(-6) [M]) on alkaline phosphatase, collagen, and cell proliferation were examined in primary cultured hypertrophic chondrocytes prepared from the distal epiphyseal growth plate of the tibias of 12-day chick embryos. 1,25(OH)2D3 showed time- and dose-dependent inhibitory effects on the alkaline phosphatase and collagen levels. The inhibition of alkaline phosphatase activity became detectable at 2 x 10(-11) [M] and reached 10% of control at 10(-7) [M]. The concentration of 1,25(OH)2D3 giving a 50% inhibition of the enzyme level was approximately 3 x 10(-10) [M]. Of the two extracellular collagen pools, a cell-associated matrix pool showed a more dramatic decrease (to 10% of control) than a culture medium pool (to 50% of control) at increased 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations. The degree of inhibition was different for each type of chondrocyte-specific collagen (types II, IX, X, and XI). Types II and IX were inhibited in a parallel manner to only 60-80% of control. On the other hand, types X and XI were more greatly reduced up to 10% of control, and their dose-dependent inhibitory curves were similar to that of alkaline phosphatase. On cell proliferation, 1,25(OH)2D3 had a biphasic effect: stimulation at 10(-10)-10(-8) [M] and inhibition at higher levels. The results revealed the significant involvement of 1,25(OH)2D3 in the metabolism of two probable calcification-related products, alkaline phosphatase and type X collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Inao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana
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