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Mable CJ, Fielding LA, Derry MJ, Mykhaylyk OO, Chambon P, Armes SP. Synthesis and pH-responsive dissociation of framboidal ABC triblock copolymer vesicles in aqueous solution. Chem Sci 2018; 9:1454-1463. [PMID: 29675191 PMCID: PMC5885938 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04788f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of pH-responsive all-methacrylic ABC triblock copolymer vesicles were prepared from precursor diblock copolymer vesicles via RAFT seeded emulsion polymerisation. Microphase separation between the two hydrophobic membrane-forming B and C blocks produced a distinctive framboidal morphology, for which the mean globule size can be tuned by adjusting the triblock copolymer composition. These vesicles remain intact at neutral pH, but undergo irreversible dissociation on addition of acid as a result of protonation of the tertiary amine groups located within the third block. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was utilised to characterise the morphologies formed at pH 8 and pH 3. According to time-resolved SAXS studies, the acid-induced dissociation of these pH-responsive framboidal vesicles involves appreciable membrane swelling within 50 ms and is complete.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Mable
- Department of Chemistry , Uni. of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)114 222 9342
| | - L A Fielding
- School of Materials , Uni. of Manchester , Oxford Rd , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK
| | - M J Derry
- Department of Chemistry , Uni. of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)114 222 9342
| | - O O Mykhaylyk
- Department of Chemistry , Uni. of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)114 222 9342
| | - P Chambon
- Department of Chemistry , Uni. of Liverpool , Crown Street , Liverpool , L69 7ZD , UK
| | - S P Armes
- Department of Chemistry , Uni. of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)114 222 9342
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2
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El Chehadeh S, Touraine R, Prieur F, Reardon W, Bienvenu T, Chantot-Bastaraud S, Doco-Fenzy M, Landais E, Philippe C, Marle N, Callier P, Mosca-Boidron AL, Mugneret F, Le Meur N, Goldenberg A, Guerrot AM, Chambon P, Satre V, Coutton C, Jouk PS, Devillard F, Dieterich K, Afenjar A, Burglen L, Moutard ML, Addor MC, Lebon S, Martinet D, Alessandri JL, Doray B, Miguet M, Devys D, Saugier-Veber P, Drunat S, Aral B, Kremer V, Rondeau S, Tabet AC, Thevenon J, Thauvin-Robinet C, Perreton N, Des Portes V, Faivre L. Xq28 duplication includingMECP2in six unreported affected females: what can we learn for diagnosis and genetic counselling? Clin Genet 2017; 91:576-588. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. El Chehadeh
- FHU TRANSLAD, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares «Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs» de l'Est; Centre de Génétique, CHU de Dijon; Dijon France
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Centre de Référence Maladies Rares «Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs» de l'Est; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre; Strasbourg France
| | - R. Touraine
- Service de Génétique Clinique Chromosomique et Moléculaire; CHU de Saint-Etienne; Saint-Étienne France
| | - F. Prieur
- Service de Génétique Clinique Chromosomique et Moléculaire; CHU de Saint-Etienne; Saint-Étienne France
| | - W. Reardon
- Clinical Genetics, Division National Centre for Medical Genetics; Our Lady's Children's Hospital; Dublin Ireland
| | - T. Bienvenu
- AP-HP, Laboratoire de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaires, HU Paris Centre, Site Cochin, France; Université Paris Descartes; Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016; Paris France
| | - S. Chantot-Bastaraud
- Service de Génétique et Embryologie Médicales; CHU Paris Est - Hôpital d'Enfants Armand-Trousseau; Paris France
| | - M. Doco-Fenzy
- Service de Génétique, EA3801; SFR-CAP Santé, CHU de Reims; Reims France
| | - E. Landais
- PRBI, Pôle de Biologie Médicale; CHU de Reims; Reims France
| | - C. Philippe
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale; Hôpitaux de Brabois CHRU; Vandoeuvre les Nancy France
| | - N. Marle
- Service de Cytogénétique; CHU de Dijon; Dijon France
| | - P. Callier
- Service de Cytogénétique; CHU de Dijon; Dijon France
| | | | - F. Mugneret
- Service de Cytogénétique; CHU de Dijon; Dijon France
| | - N. Le Meur
- Etablissement Français du Sang; CHU de Rouen; Rouen France
| | - A. Goldenberg
- Service de Génétique et Inserm U1079, Centre Normand de Génomique Médicale et Médecine Personnalisée, CHU de Rouen; Inserm et Université de Rouen; Rouen France
| | - A.-M. Guerrot
- Service de Génétique et Inserm U1079, Centre Normand de Génomique Médicale et Médecine Personnalisée, CHU de Rouen; Inserm et Université de Rouen; Rouen France
| | - P. Chambon
- Laboratoire D'histologie, Cytogénétique et Biologie de la Reproduction; CHU de Rouen; Rouen France
| | - V. Satre
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, CHU Grenoble Alpes; Université Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble France
| | - C. Coutton
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, CHU Grenoble Alpes; Université Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble France
| | - P.-S. Jouk
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, CHU Grenoble Alpes; Université Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble France
| | - F. Devillard
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, CHU Grenoble Alpes; Université Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble France
| | - K. Dieterich
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, CHU Grenoble Alpes; Université Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble France
| | - A. Afenjar
- Service de Génétique; CHU Paris Est - Hôpital d'Enfants Armand-Trousseau; Paris France
| | - L. Burglen
- Service de Génétique; CHU Paris Est - Hôpital d'Enfants Armand-Trousseau; Paris France
| | - M.-L. Moutard
- Unité de neuropédiatrie et pathologie du développement; CHU Paris Est - Hôpital d'Enfants Armand-Trousseau; Paris France
| | - M.-C. Addor
- Service de Génétique Médicale; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois CHUV; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - S. Lebon
- Unité de Neuropédiatrie; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois CHUV; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - D. Martinet
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique Constitutionnelle et Prénatale; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois CHUV; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - J.-L. Alessandri
- Pôle Enfants; CHU de la Réunion - Hôpital Félix Guyon; Saint-Denis France
| | - B. Doray
- Service de Génétique; CHU de la Réunion - Hôpital Félix Guyon; Saint-Denis France
| | - M. Miguet
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Centre de Référence Maladies Rares «Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs» de l'Est; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre; Strasbourg France
| | - D. Devys
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique; CHU de Strasbourg - Hôpital Civil; Strasbourg France
| | - P. Saugier-Veber
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire; Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie; Rouen France
| | - S. Drunat
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire; Hôpital Robert Debré; Paris France
| | - B. Aral
- Service de Biologie Moléculaire; CHU de Dijon; Dijon France
| | - V. Kremer
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Hôpital de Hautepierre; Strasbourg France
| | - S. Rondeau
- Service de Pédiatrie Néonatale et Réanimation; CHU de Rouen; Rouen France
| | - A.-C. Tabet
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique; Hôpital Robert Debré; Paris France
| | - J. Thevenon
- FHU TRANSLAD, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares «Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs» de l'Est; Centre de Génétique, CHU de Dijon; Dijon France
- GAD, EA4271, Génétique et Anomalies du Développement; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
| | - C. Thauvin-Robinet
- FHU TRANSLAD, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares «Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs» de l'Est; Centre de Génétique, CHU de Dijon; Dijon France
- GAD, EA4271, Génétique et Anomalies du Développement; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
| | - N. Perreton
- EPICIME-CIC 1407 de Lyon, Inserm; Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, CHU-Lyon; Bron France
| | - V. Des Portes
- Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique; CHU de Lyon-GH Est; Bron France
| | - L. Faivre
- FHU TRANSLAD, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares «Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs» de l'Est; Centre de Génétique, CHU de Dijon; Dijon France
- GAD, EA4271, Génétique et Anomalies du Développement; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
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3
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Dwyer AB, Chambon P, Town A, Hatton FL, Ford J, Rannard SP. Exploring the homogeneous controlled radical polymerisation of hydrophobic monomers in anti-solvents for their polymers: RAFT and ATRP of various alkyl methacrylates in anhydrous methanol to high conversion and low dispersity. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00791g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
RAFT and ATRP of nBuMA, tBuMA and MMA in anhydrous methanol (25–60 °C) without precipitation, yielding polymers with conversion up to 99%, Đ from 1.02 and DPn ≤ 800 units.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. B. Dwyer
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- UK
| | - P. Chambon
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- UK
| | - A. Town
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- UK
| | - F. L. Hatton
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- UK
| | - J. Ford
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- UK
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4
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Gruchy N, Vialard F, Blondeel E, Le Meur N, Joly-Hélas G, Chambon P, Till M, Herbaut-Graux M, Vigouroux-Castera A, Coussement A, Lespinasse J, Amblard F, Jimenez M, Lebel Roy Camille L, Carré-Pigeon F, Flori E, Mugneret F, Jaillard S, Yardin C, Harbuz R, Collonge Rame M, Vago P, Valduga M, Leporrier N. Pregnancy outcomes of prenatally diagnosed Turner syndrome: a French multicenter retrospective study including a series of 975 cases. Prenat Diagn 2014; 34:1133-8. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.4439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Gruchy
- Laboratoire de cytogénétique prénatale, Service de Génétique; CHU Côte de Nacre, UFR de Médecine Caen; Caen Cedex 9 France
| | - F. Vialard
- Laboratoire d'Histologie, Embryologie, Biologie de la Reproduction, Cytogénétique et Génétique médicale; CHI Poissy Saint Germain; Versailles France
| | - E. Blondeel
- Laboratoire d'Histologie, Embryologie, Biologie de la Reproduction, Cytogénétique et Génétique médicale; CHI Poissy Saint Germain; Versailles France
| | - N. Le Meur
- Etablissement Français du Sang Normandie; Bois-Guillaume Cedex France
| | - G. Joly-Hélas
- Laboratoire d'histologie, cytogénétique et biologie de la reproduction; Fédération de Génétique CHU de Rouen, Faculté de Médecine; Rouen France
| | - P. Chambon
- Laboratoire d'histologie, cytogénétique et biologie de la reproduction; Fédération de Génétique CHU de Rouen, Faculté de Médecine; Rouen France
| | - M. Till
- Service de cytogénétique, GHE; CBPE Hôpitaux de Lyon; Bron Cedex 2 France
| | | | | | - A. Coussement
- Groupe hospitalier Cochin Saint Vincent de Paul, APHP; Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine; Paris France
| | - J. Lespinasse
- Service de Génétique; Hôpital de Chambéry; Chambéry Cedex France
| | - F. Amblard
- Service de génétique chromosomique; CHU de Grenoble; Grenoble France
| | - M. Jimenez
- Service de Génétique UF Cytogénétique; CHRU de Tours; Tours Cedex 9 France
| | | | | | - E. Flori
- Service de Cytogénétique; Hôpital de Hautepierre; Strasbourg Cedex France
| | - F. Mugneret
- Laboratoire de cytogénétique; CHU de Dijon; Dijon France
| | - S. Jaillard
- Service de cytogénétique et biologie cellulaire; CHU Pontchaillou; Rennes Cedex 2 France
| | - C. Yardin
- Service d'Histologie, Cytologie et Cytogénétique; Hôpital de la Mère et de l'Enfant, CHU de Limoges; Limoges Cedex France
| | - R. Harbuz
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Service de Génétique; CHU de Poitiers; Poitiers France
| | - M. Collonge Rame
- Service de génétique biologique, histologie, biologie du développement et de la reproduction; CHRU Besançon, Hôpital Saint-Jacques; Besançon Cedex France
| | - P. Vago
- Cytogénétique Médicale; CHU Estaing Cytologie Histologie Embryologie Cytogénétique; Clermont-ferrand Cedex1 France
| | - M. Valduga
- Laboratoire de génétique médicale, Service de cytogénétique et génétique moléculaire; CHU de Nancy; Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy France
| | - N. Leporrier
- Laboratoire de cytogénétique prénatale, Service de Génétique; CHU Côte de Nacre, UFR de Médecine Caen; Caen Cedex 9 France
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5
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Dwyer AB, Chambon P, Town A, He T, Owen A, Rannard SP. Is methanol really a bad solvent for poly(n-butyl methacrylate)? Low dispersity and high molecular weight polymers of n-butyl methacrylate synthesised via ATRP in anhydrous methanol. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00182f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anhydrous methanol, a traditional precipitant for poly(n-butyl methacrylate), has been shown to be an excellent synthesis solvent using ATRP, generating high molecular weights and low dispersities (up to 76 000 g mol−1 and as low as 1.02).
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Affiliation(s)
- A. B. Dwyer
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- , UK
| | - P. Chambon
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- , UK
| | - A. Town
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- , UK
| | - T. He
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- Jurong Island, Singapore
| | - A. Owen
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool L69 3GF, UK
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6
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Marle N, Martinet D, Aboura A, Joly-Helas G, Andrieux J, Flori E, Puechberty J, Vialard F, Sanlaville D, Fert Ferrer S, Bourrouillou G, Tabet AC, Quilichini B, Simon-Bouy B, Bazin A, Becker M, Stora H, Amblard S, Doco-Fenzy M, Molina Gomes D, Girard-Lemaire F, Cordier MP, Satre V, Schneider A, Lemeur N, Chambon P, Jacquemont S, Fellmann F, Vigouroux-Castera A, Molignier R, Delaye A, Pipiras E, Liquier A, Rousseau T, Mosca AL, Kremer V, Payet M, Rangon C, Mugneret F, Aho S, Faivre L, Callier P. Molecular characterization of 39 de novo sSMC: contribution to prognosis and genetic counselling, a prospective study. Clin Genet 2013; 85:233-44. [PMID: 23489061 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) are structurally abnormal chromosomes that cannot be characterized by karyotype. In many prenatal cases of de novo sSMC, the outcome of pregnancy is difficult to predict because the euchromatin content is unclear. This study aimed to determine the presence or absence of euchromatin material of 39 de novo prenatally ascertained sSMC by array-comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) or single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. Cases were prospectively ascertained from the study of 65,000 prenatal samples [0.060%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.042-0.082]. Array-CGH showed that 22 markers were derived from non-acrocentric markers (56.4%) and 7 from acrocentic markers (18%). The 10 additional cases remained unidentified (25.6%), but 7 of 10 could be further identified using fluorescence in situ hybridization; 69% of de novo sSMC contained euchromatin material, 95.4% of which for non-acrocentric markers. Some sSMC containing euchromatin had a normal phenotype (31% for non-acrocentric and 75% for acrocentric markers). Statistical differences between normal and abnormal phenotypes were shown for the size of the euchromatin material (more or less than 1 Mb, p = 0.0006) and number of genes (more or less than 10, p = 0.0009). This study is the largest to date and shows the utility of array-CGH or SNP array in the detection and characterization of de novo sSMC in a prenatal context.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Marle
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Le Bocage, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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8
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Mark M, Lufkin T, Dierich A, Lemeur M, Chambon P. Inactivation du gène Hox 1.6 chez la souris : vers le décodage des réseaux d'homéogènes de mammifères. Med Sci (Paris) 2013. [DOI: 10.4267/10608/3135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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9
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Wolf C, Lefebvre O, Rouyer N, Chenard MP, Bellocq JP, Rio MC, Chambon P, Basset P. Protéases d'origine stromale et progression tumorale. Med Sci (Paris) 2013. [DOI: 10.4267/10608/2654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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10
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Rosselgong J, Blanazs A, Chambon P, Williams M, Semsarilar M, Madsen J, Battaglia G, Armes SP. Thiol-Functionalized Block Copolymer Vesicles. ACS Macro Lett 2012; 1:1041-1045. [PMID: 35607034 DOI: 10.1021/mz300318a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Thiol-functionalized block copolymer vesicles are readily prepared via RAFT-mediated polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA). More specifically, a disulfide-functionalized poly(glycerol monomethacrylate) macro-CTA is chain-extended using 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate): the growing water-insoluble poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) chains drive in situ self-assembly to produce diblock copolymer vesicles in concentrated aqueous solution. The disulfide bonds in the poly(glycerol monomethacrylate) stabilizer chains are reductively cleaved in situ using either tributyl phosphine or tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine to generate thiol groups, which react immediately with either a quaternary acrylate to introduce cationic character or with rhodamine B acrylate or rhodamine B isothiocyanate to confer a convenient fluorescent tag. In addition to such facile derivatization, such thiol-functionalized vesicles may offer some potential for drug delivery applications, because enhanced muco-adhesion is anticipated for these nano-objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Rosselgong
- Department of Chemistry, Dainton Building, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - A. Blanazs
- Department of Chemistry, Dainton Building, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - P. Chambon
- Department of Chemistry, Dainton Building, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - M. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Dainton Building, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - M. Semsarilar
- Department of Chemistry, Dainton Building, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - J. Madsen
- Department of Chemistry, Dainton Building, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - G. Battaglia
- Department of Biomedical
Science, Firth Court Building, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United
Kingdom
| | - S. P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry, Dainton Building, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, United Kingdom
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11
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Wendling O, Chambon P, Mark M. Un rôle essentiel des récepteurs de rétinoïdes X au cours du développement embryonnaire précoce et de la placentogenèse. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4267/10608/1448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Chambon P, Blanazs A, Battaglia G, Armes SP. Facile Synthesis of Methacrylic ABC Triblock Copolymer Vesicles by RAFT Aqueous Dispersion Polymerization. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma300816m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Chambon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3
7HF, U.K
| | - A. Blanazs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3
7HF, U.K
| | - G. Battaglia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3
7HF, U.K
| | - S. P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3
7HF, U.K
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13
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Börjesson AE, Windahl SH, Karimian E, Eriksson EE, Lagerquist MK, Engdahl C, Antal MC, Krust A, Chambon P, Sävendahl L, Ohlsson C. The role of estrogen receptor-α and its activation function-1 for growth plate closure in female mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 302:E1381-9. [PMID: 22414805 PMCID: PMC3378067 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00646.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
High estradiol levels in late puberty induce growth plate closure and thereby cessation of growth in humans. In mice, the growth plates do not fuse after sexual maturation, but old mice display reduced longitudinal bone growth and high-dose estradiol treatment induces growth plate closure. Estrogen receptor (ER)-α stimulates gene transcription via two activation functions (AFs), AF-1 and AF-2. To evaluate the role of ERα and its AF-1 for age-dependent reduction in longitudinal bone growth and growth plate closure, female mice with inactivation of ERα (ERα(-/-)) or ERαAF-1 (ERαAF-1(0)) were evaluated. Old (16- to 19-mo-old) female ERα(-/-) mice showed continued substantial longitudinal bone growth, resulting in longer bones (tibia: +8.3%, P < 0.01) associated with increased growth plate height (+18%, P < 0.05) compared with wild-type (WT) mice. In contrast, the longitudinal bone growth ceased in old ERαAF-1(0) mice (tibia: -4.9%, P < 0.01). Importantly, the proximal tibial growth plates were closed in all old ERαAF-1(0) mice while they were open in all WT mice. Growth plate closure was associated with a significantly altered balance between chondrocyte proliferation and apoptosis in the growth plate. In conclusion, old female ERα(-/-) mice display a prolonged and enhanced longitudinal bone growth associated with increased growth plate height, resembling the growth phenotype of patients with inactivating mutations in ERα or aromatase. In contrast, ERαAF-1 deletion results in a hyperactive ERα, altering the chondrocyte proliferation/apoptosis balance, leading to growth plate closure. This suggests that growth plate closure is induced by functions of ERα that do not require AF-1 and that ERαAF-1 opposes growth plate closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. E. Börjesson
- 1Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden;
| | - S. H. Windahl
- 1Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden;
| | - E. Karimian
- 2Division of Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Woman's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - E. E. Eriksson
- 2Division of Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Woman's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - M. K. Lagerquist
- 1Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden;
| | - C. Engdahl
- 1Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden;
| | - M. C. Antal
- 3Departement of Functional Genomics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/UdS, Collège de France, Illkirch, Cedex, France
| | - A. Krust
- 3Departement of Functional Genomics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/UdS, Collège de France, Illkirch, Cedex, France
| | - P. Chambon
- 3Departement of Functional Genomics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/UdS, Collège de France, Illkirch, Cedex, France
| | - L. Sävendahl
- 2Division of Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Woman's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - C. Ohlsson
- 1Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden;
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Lagerquist MK, Engdahl C, Börjesson AE, Windahl SH, Studer E, Westberg L, Eriksson E, Koskela A, Tuukkanen J, Krust A, Chambon P, Carlsten H, Ohlsson C. Estrogen receptor α (ERα) expression in neuronal cells affects bone mass. Ann Rheum Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-201237.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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15
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Chambon P, Blanazs A, Battaglia G, Armes SP. How does cross-linking affect the stability of block copolymer vesicles in the presence of surfactant? Langmuir 2012; 28:1196-1205. [PMID: 22168596 DOI: 10.1021/la204539c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymer vesicles are conveniently prepared directly in water at relatively high solids by polymerization-induced self-assembly using an aqueous dispersion polymerization formulation based on 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate. However, dynamic light scattering studies clearly demonstrate that addition of small molecule surfactants to such linear copolymer vesicles disrupts the vesicular membrane. This causes rapid vesicle dissolution in the case of ionic surfactants, with nonionic surfactants proving somewhat less destructive. To address this problem, glycidyl methacrylate can be copolymerized with 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate and the resulting epoxy-functional block copolymer vesicles are readily cross-linked in aqueous solution using cheap commercially available polymeric diamines. Such epoxy-amine chemistry confers exceptional surfactant tolerance on the cross-linked vesicles and also leads to a distinctive change in their morphology, as judged by transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, pendent unreacted amine groups confer cationic character on these cross-linked vesicles and offer further opportunities for functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chambon
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF United Kingdom
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Tóth K, Sarang Z, Scholtz B, Brázda P, Ghyselinck N, Chambon P, Fésüs L, Szondy Z. Retinoids enhance glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis of T cells by facilitating glucocorticoid receptor-mediated transcription. Cell Death Differ 2011; 18:783-92. [PMID: 21072052 PMCID: PMC3131916 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2010.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis of thymocytes is one of the first recognized forms of programmed cell death. It was shown to require gene activation induced by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) translocated into the nucleus following ligand binding. In addition, the necessity of the glucocorticoid-induced, but transcription-independent phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) has also been shown. Here we report that retinoic acids, physiological ligands for the nuclear retinoid receptors, enhance glucocorticoid-induced death of mouse thymocytes both in vitro and in vivo. The effect is mediated by retinoic acid receptor (RAR) alpha/retinoid X receptor (RXR) heterodimers, and occurs when both RARα and RXR are ligated by retinoic acids. We show that the ligated RARα/RXR interacts with the ligated GR, resulting in an enhanced transcriptional activity of the GR. The mechanism through which this interaction promotes GR-mediated transcription does not require DNA binding of the retinoid receptors and does not alter the phosphorylation status of Ser232, known to regulate the transcriptional activity of GR. Phosphorylation of PI-PLC was not affected. Besides thymocytes, retinoids also promoted glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis of various T-cell lines, suggesting that they could be used in the therapy of glucocorticoid-sensitive T-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tóth
- Apoptosis and Genomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Z Sarang
- Apoptosis and Genomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - B Scholtz
- Apoptosis and Genomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - P Brázda
- Apoptosis and Genomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - N Ghyselinck
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire and Développement, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Strasbourg, France
| | - P Chambon
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire and Développement, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Strasbourg, France
| | - L Fésüs
- Apoptosis and Genomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Z Szondy
- Apoptosis and Genomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Fouillet B, Odoul M, Chambon R, Chambon P. Dosage spécifique dans l'eau de l'ion cyanure par CPG/ECD à l'état de chlorure de cyanogène. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1051/water/19922302161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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20
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Rocher-Ros V, Marco S, Mao JH, Gines S, Metzger D, Chambon P, Balmain A, Saura CA. Presenilin modulates EGFR signaling and cell transformation by regulating the ubiquitin ligase Fbw7. Oncogene 2010; 29:2950-61. [PMID: 20208556 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Notch signaling pathways have antagonistic roles during epidermal differentiation and carcinogenesis. The molecular mechanisms regulating the crosstalk between EGFR and Notch during epidermal transformation are largely unknown. We found enhanced EGFR-dependent signaling, proliferation and oncogenic transformation caused by loss of presenilins (PS), the catalytic components of gamma-secretase that generates the Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD). The underlying mechanism for abnormal EGFR signaling in PS-deficient cells involves gamma-secretase-independent transcriptional upregulation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Fbw7. Fbw7alpha, which targets NICD for degradation, regulates positively EGFR by affecting a proteasome-dependent ubiquitination step essential for constitutive degradation and stability of EGFR. To investigate the pathological relevance of this findings in vivo, we generated a novel epidermal conditional PS-deficient (ePS cDKO) mouse by deleting both PS in keratinocytes of the basal layer of the epidermis. The ePS cDKO mice develop epidermal hyperplasia associated with enhanced expression of both EGFR and Fbw7 and reduced NICD levels in keratinocytes. These findings establish a novel role for PS on epidermal growth and transformation by reciprocally regulating the EGFR and Notch signaling pathways through Fbw7.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rocher-Ros
- Institut de Neurociències, Department de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain
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21
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Sabouraud S, Coppéré B, Rousseau C, Testud F, Pulce C, Tholly F, Blanc M, Culoma F, Facchin A, Ninet J, Chambon P, Medina B, Descotes J. Intoxication environnementale par le plomb liée à la consommation de boisson conservée dans une cruche artisanale en céramique vernissée. Rev Med Interne 2009; 30:1038-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2008.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Revised: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Fontaine C, Billon-Gales B, Filipe C, Douin-Echinard V, Fouque MJ, Flouriot G, Gourdy P, Lenfant F, Laurell H, Krust A, Chambon P, Arnal JF. A007 The transactivating function-1 of estrogen receptor alpha is dispensable for the vasculoprotective actions of estradiol. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-2136(09)72140-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Béri-Dexheimer M, Bonnet C, Chambon P, Brochet K, Grégoire MJ, Jonveaux P. L'hybridation génomique comparative sur microréseau d'ADN (puces à ADN) en pathologie chromosomique constitutionnelle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 55:13-8. [PMID: 16697120 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2006.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2006] [Accepted: 04/04/2006] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal aberrations are the first cause of mental impairment and dysmorphism. Rearrangements involving large chromosomal segments can be detected by standard chromosome analysis using GTG-banding, but this technique is not suited for the detection of small chromosome abnormalities. Array comparative genomic hybridisation (array-CGH) is a method used to detect segmental DNA copy number alterations. Recently, advances in this technology have enabled high-resolution examination for identifying genetic alterations and copy number variations on a genome-wide scale. This review describes the current genomic array platforms and CGH methodologies and highlights their applications for studying constitutional disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Béri-Dexheimer
- Laboratoire de Génétique EA 4002-IFR111, CHU de Nancy-Brabois, rue du Morvan, 54511 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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24
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Metzger D, Chambon P. Contribution of targeted conditional somatic mutagenesis to deciphering retinoid X receptor functions and to generating mouse models of human diseases. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2007:511-24. [PMID: 17203669 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-35109-2_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed an enormous rise in the interest for retinoid signalling and its cognate receptors, because of their central role in the coordination of development and homeostasis, through their ability to orchestrate the expression of numerous target genes. These receptors include six nuclear receptor (NR) family members, the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) alpha, beta and gamma, and the retinoid X receptor (RXR) alpha, beta and gamma, which are expressed in many cell types in mammals. Analysis of the development of mouse embryos bearing retinoid receptor null mutations demonstrated that these receptors transduce the effects of retinoic acid (RA, the active derivative of vitamin A) in vivo, and revealed impressive complexity. However, frequent redundancy in receptor functions and lethality of compound RAR-null mutants, as well as of RXRalpha-null mutants, precluded the characterisation of the functions of these receptors during late development and postnatally. We illustrate here how recent developments of conditional targeted somatic mutagenesis have opened new avenues in analysing the physiological functions of retinoid X receptor signalling in a variety of tissues and cell types, as well as in exploring the pathophysiological consequences of their alteration that led to novel mouse models of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Metzger
- BP10142, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS/INSERM/Université Louis Pasteur), 67404 Illkirch, France.
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25
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Watanabe H, Takahashi E, Kobayashi M, Goto M, Krust A, Chambon P, Iguchi T. The estrogen-responsive adrenomedullin and receptor-modifying protein 3 gene identified by DNA microarray analysis are directly regulated by estrogen receptor. J Mol Endocrinol 2006; 36:81-9. [PMID: 16461929 DOI: 10.1677/jme.1.01825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that hundreds of genes in the uterus are activated by estrogen. Their expression profiles differ over time and doses and it is not clear whether all these genes are directly regulated by estrogen via the estrogen receptor. To select the genes that may be regulated by estrogen, we treated mice with several doses of estrogen and searched for those genes whose dose-response expression pattern mirrored the uterine growth pattern. Among those genes, we found that the dose-dependent expression of the adrenomedullin (ADM) gene correlated well with the uterotrophic effect of estrogen. ADM expression is induced early after estrogen administration and is restricted to the endometrial stroma. The spatiotemporal gene expression pattern of ADM was similar to that of receptor-modifying protein 3 (RAMP3). RAMP3 is known to modify calcitonin gene-related receptor (CRLR) so that it can then serve as an ADM receptor. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated that the estrogen receptor binds directly to the ADM promoter region and RAMP3 intron after estrogen administration. It was also shown that neither the ADM nor RAMP3 gene could be activated in estrogen receptor-alpha-null mouse. Although uterine ADM expression has been reported to occur in the myometrium, our observations indicate that estrogen-induced ADM is also expressed in the uterine stroma and that such variable, spatiotemporally regulated ADM expression contributes to a wider range of biological effects than previously expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Watanabe
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institutes of Natural Science, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
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Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is abundantly expressed in adipocytes, and plays an important role in adipocyte differentiation and fat accretion. It is a heterodimeric partner of the retinoid X receptors alpha, beta and gamma, which are also expressed in the adipose tissue. As lethality of PPARgamma(-/-) and RXRalpha(-/-) mouse fetuses precluded the analysis of PPARgamma and RXRalpha functions in mature adipocytes, we generated RXRalpha(ad-/-) and PPARgamma(ad-/-) mice, in which RXRalpha and PPARgamma are selectively ablated in adult adipocytes, respectively. Even though the adiposity of RXRalpha(ad-/-) mice is similar to that of control mice when fed a regular diet, they are resistant to chemically and dietary-induced obesity. However, mature adipocytes lacking either both RXRalpha and RXRgamma or PPARgamma die, and are replaced by newly formed adipocytes. Thus, in adipocytes, RXRalpha is essential for lipogenesis, but RXRgamma can functionally replace RXRalpha for the adipocyte vital functions exerted by PPARgamma/RXR heterodimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Metzger
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) INSERM/CNRS/ULP, 1, rue Laurent Fries, 67404 ILLKIRCH, France.
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Pawlak J, Karolczak M, Krust A, Chambon P, Beyer C. Estrogen receptor-alpha is associated with the plasma membrane of astrocytes and coupled to the MAP/Src-kinase pathway. Glia 2005; 50:270-5. [PMID: 15712205 DOI: 10.1002/glia.20162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens influence CNS development and a broad spectrum of neural functions. Several lines of evidence also suggest a neuroprotective role for estrogen. Different modes of estrogen action have been described at the cellular level involving classical nuclear estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent and nonclassical membrane ER-mediated rapid signaling. We have previously shown that nonclassical estrogen signaling is implicated in the control of dopamine cell function and protection. Since nonclassical interactions between estrogens and glia may contribute to these effects, our aim was to demonstrate the presence of membrane-associated ERs and their putative coupling to intracellular signaling pathways in astrocytes. Confocal image analysis and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) studies indicated the attachment of ER-alpha but not ER-beta to the plasma membrane of astrocytes. ERs were located in the cell soma region and glial processes. FACS analysis revealed that only a subpopulation of midbrain astrocytes possesses membrane ER-alpha. In FACS studies on ER-alpha knockout astrocytes, only a few membrane ER-positive cells were detected. The activation of membrane ERs appears to be coupled to the MAP-kinase/Src signaling pathway as shown by Western blotting. In conclusion, our data provide good evidence that nonclassical estrogen action in astrocytes is mediated by membrane ER-alpha. The physiological consequence of this phenomenon is not yet understood, but it might have a pivotal role in estrogen-mediated protective effects on midbrain dopamine neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Pawlak
- Anatomisches Institut, Universität Tübingen, D-72047 Tübingen, Germany
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Chambon P, Cloutet E, Cramail H. Synthesis of Core−Shell Polyurethane−Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Particles in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma049092t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Chambon
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, ENSCPB-CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1 (UMR 5629), 16, Avenue Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - E. Cloutet
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, ENSCPB-CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1 (UMR 5629), 16, Avenue Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - H. Cramail
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, ENSCPB-CNRS-Université Bordeaux 1 (UMR 5629), 16, Avenue Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France
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Schmuth M, Haqq CM, Cairns WJ, Holder JC, Dorsam S, Chang S, Lau P, Fowler AJ, Chuang G, Moser AH, Brown BE, Mao-Qiang M, Uchida Y, Schoonjans K, Auwerx J, Chambon P, Willson TM, Elias PM, Feingold KR. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-beta/delta stimulates differentiation and lipid accumulation in keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2004; 122:971-83. [PMID: 15102088 DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-202x.2004.22412.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) are nuclear hormone receptors that are activated by endogenous lipid metabolites. Previous studies have demonstrated that PPAR-alpha activation stimulates keratinocyte differentiation in vitro and in vivo, is anti-inflammatory, and improves barrier homeostasis. Recent studies have shown that PPAR-beta/delta activation induces keratinocyte differentiation in vitro. This study demonstrated that topical treatment of mice with a selective PPAR-beta/delta agonist (GW1514) in vivo had pro-differentiating effects, was anti-inflammatory, improved barrier homeostasis, and stimulated differentiation in a disease model of epidermal hyperproliferation [corrected]. In contrast to PPAR-alpha activation, PPAR-beta/deltain vivo did not display anti-proliferative or pro-apoptotic effects. The pro-differentiating effects persisted in mice lacking PPAR-alpha, but were decreased in mice deficient in retinoid X receptor-alpha, the major heterodimerization partner of PPAR. Furthermore, in vitro PPAR-beta/delta activation, aside from stimulating differentiation-related genes, additionally induced adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP) and fasting induced adipose factor (FIAF) mRNA in cultures keratinocytes, which was paralleled by increased oil red O staining indicative of lipid accumulation, the bulk of which were triglycerides (TG). Comparison of differentially expressed genes between PPAR-beta/delta and PPAR-alpha activation revealed distinct profiles. Together, these studies indicate that PPAR-beta/delta activation stimulates keratinocyte differentiation, is anti-inflammatory, improves barrier homeostasis, and stimulates TG accumulation in keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schmuth
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Okada A, Ohta Y, Brody SL, Watanabe H, Krust A, Chambon P, Iguchi T. Role of foxj1 and estrogen receptor alpha in ciliated epithelial cell differentiation of the neonatal oviduct. J Mol Endocrinol 2004; 32:615-25. [PMID: 15171704 DOI: 10.1677/jme.0.0320615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen regulates proliferation and differentiation of epithelial cells in the mammalian oviduct, but pathways for cell-specific differentiation are not well understood. In the epithelial cells of the developing rat oviduct, we found estrogen receptor (ER) alpha is expressed at birth and persists in all cells through neonatal day (ND) 7 when ciliated cells appear. To determine a specific function of ER and foxj1, a transcription factor known to have fundamental roles in ciliogenesis in the lung, in differentiation of the ciliated epithelial cells, we treated newborn rats from ND 0 to 5 with estradiol-17beta (E2) with and without a selective ER antagonist. E2 enhanced the number of proliferating cells and accelerated the process of epithelial cell differentiation resulting in ciliogenesis by ND 5, and co-treatment with an ER antagonist inhibited these changes. Foxj1 was expressed only in the infundibulum and ampulla (INF/AMP). That expression preceded the appearance of cilia and was induced by E2. Cilia were absent in oviducts of foxj1-deficient mice, indicating that foxj1 plays a critical role in oviductal ciliogenesis. However, we found the presence of cilia in the ERalpha-deficient mouse oviduct. The widespread expression of ERalpha in oviductal epithelium, but restriction of cilia to the INF/AMP regions, and importantly, the presence of cilia in the ERalpha-deficient mice, suggested ER signaling is not essential for ciliated epithelial cell differentiation. These observations demonstrate that, although E2 stimulates the differentiation process of ciliated epithelial cells, foxj1 is directly required for epithelial cell ciliogenesis of the neonatal oviduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Okada
- Safety Research Laboratories, Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokyo 174-8511, Japan
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Ghyselinck NB, Chapellier B, Calléja C, Kumar Indra A, Li M, Messaddeq N, Mark M, Metzger D, Chambon P. [Genetic dissection of retinoic acid function in epidermis physiology]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2002; 129:793-9. [PMID: 12223961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
The active metabolite of vitamin A (retinoic acid, RA) acts through the nuclear receptors RARalpha, beta and gamma and RXRalpha, beta and gamma. These receptors form RAR/RXR heterodimers, which bind to genetic regulatory DNA sequences and activate transcription of RA target genes. As RXR form heterodimers with a number of other nuclear receptors, such as the vitamin D3 receptor (VDR) and are involved in several signaling pathways. In the skin, RARgamma and RXRalpha predominate, but RARalpha and RXRbeta are also expressed. To elucidate the role of RA in skin physiology, we produced mutant mouse lines null for RAR or RXR. On the one hand, null mutations for RARa or RXRbeta have no effect on the skin, whereas a RARgamma-null mutation induces alterations in the granular cell layer. On the other, genetic inactivation of RXRa leads to embryonic lethality before epidermal development. Consequently, to determine the role of RXRa in adult mice, studies were performed using conditional somatic mutagenesis (permitting inactivation of a given gene in a specific tissue and in a time-dependent manner). Using this novel genetic approach, mutant mice were obtained in which RXRalpha was not expressed in the skin. These mice developed hair follicle degeneration, then alopecia, similar to that observed in VDR-null mutants, suggesting that hair follicle homeostasis depends on RXRalpha/VDR heterodimers. A similar genetic approach applied to the RARgamma locus demonstrated that topical administration of RA on the skin activates RARgamma/RXR heterodimers in suprabasal cells, and induces expression of a paracrine growth factor (HB-EGF) in these cells which, in turn, stimulates the proliferation of basal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B Ghyselinck
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, Collège de France, BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, CU de Strasbourg, France
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33
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Wasylyk B, Wasylyk C, Matthes H, Wintzerith M, Chambon P. Transcription from the SV40 early-early and late-early overlapping promoters in the absence of DNA replication. EMBO J 2002; 2:1605-11. [PMID: 11892819 PMCID: PMC555330 DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1983.tb01631.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription for a hybrid SV40 promoter-beta globin coding sequence recombinant initiates from both early-early (EE) and late-early (LE) SV40 start sites (EES and LES) in the absence of DNA replication. The 72-bp repeat is essential to potentiate the elements of the two overlapping EE and LE promoters (EEP and LEP). Two current models, which can account for the EE to LE shift in RNA chain initiation during the SV40 replication cycle, are that LE transcription is linked to replication and occurs on newly replicated DNA molecules or that there are two promoter elements, a stronger EEP and a weaker LEP, T antigen repressing the EEP late in infection. Our results support the second model. A 5'-TATTTAT-3' to 5'-TATCGAT-3' mutation in the putative SV40 TATA box decreases transcription from EES, increases transcription from LES, and inhibits DNA replication. Therefore, this element acts as a classical TATA box for transcription, and yet is also important for DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wasylyk
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Eucaryotes du CNRS, Unité 184 de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génie Génétique de l'INSERM, Faculté de Médicine, Strasbourg, France
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34
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Darblade B, Pendaries C, Krust A, Dupont S, Fouque MJ, Rami J, Chambon P, Bayard F, Arnal JF. Estradiol alters nitric oxide production in the mouse aorta through the alpha-, but not beta-, estrogen receptor. Circ Res 2002; 90:413-9. [PMID: 11884370 DOI: 10.1161/hh0402.105096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although estradiol (E(2)) has been recognized to exert several vasculoprotective effects in several species, its effects in mouse vasomotion are unknown, and consequently, so is the estrogen receptor subtype mediating these effects. We investigated the effect of E(2) (80 microg/kg/day for 15 days) on NO production in the thoracic aorta of ovariectomized C57Bl/6 mice compared with those given placebo. E(2) increased basal NO production. In contrast, the relaxation in response to ATP, to the calcium ionophore A23187, and to sodium nitroprusside was unaltered by E(2), whereas acetylcholine-elicited relaxation was decreased. The abundance of NO synthase I, II, and III immunoreactive proteins (using Western blot) in thoracic aorta homogenates was unchanged by E(2). To determine the estrogen receptor (ER) subtype involved in these effects, transgenic mice in which either the ERalpha or ERbeta has been disrupted were ovariectomized and treated, or not, with E(2). Basal NO production was increased and the sensitivity to acetylcholine decreased in ERbeta knockout mice in response to E(2), whereas this effect was abolished in ERalpha knockout mice. Finally, these effects of E(2) on vasomotion required long-term and/or in vivo exposure, as short-term incubation of aortic rings with 10 nmol/L E(2) in the isolated organ chamber did not elicit any vasoactive effects. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that ERalpha, but not ERbeta, mediates the beneficial effect of E(2) on basal NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Darblade
- INSERM U397 et Laboratoire de Physiologie, Institut Louis Bugnard, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France
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35
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Pendaries C, Darblade B, Rochaix P, Krust A, Chambon P, Korach KS, Bayard F, Arnal JF. The AF-1 activation-function of ERalpha may be dispensable to mediate the effect of estradiol on endothelial NO production in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:2205-10. [PMID: 11854517 PMCID: PMC122343 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.042688499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two isoforms of estrogen receptor (ER) have been described: ERalpha and ERbeta. The initial gene targeting of ERalpha, consisting in the introduction of a Neo cassette in exon 1 [alphaERKO, hereafter called ERalpha-Neo KO (knockout)], was reported in 1993. More recently, another mouse deficient in ERalpha because of the deletion of exon 2 (ERalphaKO, hereafter called ERalpha-delta2 KO) was generated. In ovariectomized ERalpha-wild-type mice, estradiol (E(2)) increases uterine weight and basal production of endothelial nitric oxide (NO). Both of these effects are abolished in ERalpha-delta2 KO mice. In contrast, we show here that both of these effects of E(2) are partially (uterine weight) or totally (endothelial NO production) preserved in ERalpha-Neo KO. We also confirm the presence of two ERalpha mRNA splice variants in uterus and aorta from ERalpha-Neo KO mice. One of them encodes a chimeric ERalpha protein (ERalpha55), partially deleted in the A/B domain, that was detected in both uterus and aorta by Western blot analysis. The other ERalpha mRNA splice variant codes for an isoform deleted for the A/B domain (ERalpha46), which was detected in uterus of ERalpha-Neo KO, and wild-type mice. This protein isoform was not detected in aorta. The identification of these two N-terminal modified isoforms in uterus, and at least one of them in aorta, probably explains the persistence of the E(2) effects in ERalpha-Neo KO mice. Furthermore, ERalpha-Neo KO mice may help in the elucidation of the specific functions of full-length ERalpha (ERalpha66) and ERalpha46, both shown to be physiologically generated in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Alternative Splicing
- Animals
- Aorta/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Estradiol/pharmacology
- Estrogen Receptor alpha
- Exons
- Female
- Hypertrophy
- Immunohistochemistry
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Models, Genetic
- Mutagenesis, Insertional
- Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis
- Organ Size
- Protein Isoforms
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/genetics
- Receptors, Estrogen/physiology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Uterus/drug effects
- Uterus/metabolism
- Uterus/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pendaries
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U397 et Laboratoire de Physiologie, Institut Louis Bugnard, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Rangueil, 31054 Toulouse, France
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36
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Indra AK, Li M, Brocard J, Warot X, Bornert JM, Gérard C, Messaddeq N, Chambon P, Metzger D. Targeted somatic mutagenesis in mouse epidermis. Horm Res 2002; 54:296-300. [PMID: 11595821 DOI: 10.1159/000053275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Gene targeting in the mouse is a powerful tool to study mammalian gene function. The possibility to efficiently introduce somatic mutations in a given gene, at a chosen time and/or in a given cell type will further improve such studies, and will facilitate the generation of animal models for human diseases. To create targeted somatic mutations in the epidermis, we established transgenic mice expressing the bacteriophage P1 Cre recombinase or the tamoxifen-dependent Cre-ER(T2) recombinase under the control of the human keratin 14 (K14) promoter. We show that LoxP flanked (floxed) DNA segments were efficiently excised in epidermal keratinocytes of K14-Cre transgenic mice. Furthermore, Tamoxifen administration to adult K14-Cre-ER(T2) mice efficiently induced recombination in the basal keratinocytes, whereas no background recombination was detected in the absence of ligand treatment. These two transgenic lines should be very useful to analyse the functional role of a number of genes expressed in keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Indra
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, Collège de France, Illkirch, France
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37
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Yagishita N, Yamamoto Y, Yoshizawa T, Sekine K, Uematsu Y, Murayama H, Nagai Y, Krezel W, Chambon P, Matsumoto T, Kato S. Aberrant growth plate development in VDR/RXR gamma double null mutant mice. Endocrinology 2001; 142:5332-41. [PMID: 11713233 DOI: 10.1210/endo.142.12.8544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
VDR forms heterodimers with one of three RXRs, RXR alpha, RXR beta, and RXR gamma, and it is thought that RXR ligands can also modulate the trans-activation function of VDR/RXR heterodimers. In the present study we generated VDR/RXR gamma double null mutant mice to examine the convergent actions of vitamin D and vitamin A signaling and to explore the possibility of a functionally redundant VDR. Although RXR gamma(-/-) mice exhibited no overt abnormalities, VDR(-/-)/RXR gamma(-/-) mice appeared similar to VDR(-/-) mice, showing features typical of vitamin D-dependent rickets type II, including growth retardation, impaired bone formation, hypocalcemia, and alopecia. However, compared to VDR(-/-) mice, growth plate development in VDR(-/-)/RXR gamma(-/-) mutant mice was more severely impaired. Normalizing mineral ion homeostasis through dietary supplementation with high calcium and phosphorous effectively prevented rachitic abnormalities, except for disarranged growth plates in VDR(-/-)/RXR gamma(-/-) mutant mice, and alopecia in both VDR(-/-) and VDR(-/-)/RXR gamma(-/-) mutant mice. Histological analysis of VDR(-/-)/RXR gamma(-/-) growth plates revealed that development of the hypertrophic chondrocytes was selectively impaired. Thus, our findings indicated that the combined actions of VDR- and RXR gamma-mediated signals are essential for the normal development of growth plate chondrocytes, and raised the possibility that a functionally redundant VDR is present on chondrocytes as a heterodimer with RXR gamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yagishita
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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38
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Abstract
To develop spatio-temporally controlled somatic mutagenesis in the adult mouse nervous system, we established transgenic mice expressing the tamoxifen-inducible Cre-ERT recombinase under the control of the mouse prion protein (PrP) promoter. Cre-ERT was expressed in most regions of the brain and in the retina of one transgenic line, whereas its expression was mostly restricted to the hippocampus and the cerebellum in another line. As tamoxifen efficiently induced Cre-mediated recombination in the various neuronal cell types expressing Cre-ERT in the brain of adult mice, the PrP-Cre-ERT lines should be valuable tools to study the functions of genes involved in neurodegenerative diseases or regeneration, and in complex processes such as behaviour, learning and memory. Some limitations of presently available reporter lines for Cre-mediated recombination in adult mouse CNS are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Weber
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Collège de France, Université Louis Pasteur, BP163, 67404 Illkirch-Cedex, Communauté Urbaine de Strasbourg, France
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39
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Krezel W, Dupont S, Krust A, Chambon P, Chapman PF. Increased anxiety and synaptic plasticity in estrogen receptor beta -deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:12278-82. [PMID: 11593044 PMCID: PMC59805 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.221451898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens are powerful modulators of neuronal physiology and in humans may affect a broad range of functions, including reproductive, emotional, and cognitive behaviors. We studied the contribution of estrogen receptors (ERs) in modulation of emotional processes and analyzed the effects of deleting ERalpha or ERbeta in mice. Behavior consistent with increased anxiety was observed principally in ERbeta mutant females and was associated with a reduced threshold for the induction of synaptic plasticity in the basolateral amygdala. Local increase of 5-hydroxytryptamine 1a receptor expression in medial amygdala may contribute to these changes. Our data show that, particularly in females, there is an important role for ERbeta-mediated estrogen signaling in the processing of emotional behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Krezel
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, P.O. Box 911, Cardiff, CF10 3US, United Kingdom
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40
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MacLean G, Abu-Abed S, Dollé P, Tahayato A, Chambon P, Petkovich M. Cloning of a novel retinoic-acid metabolizing cytochrome P450, Cyp26B1, and comparative expression analysis with Cyp26A1 during early murine development. Mech Dev 2001; 107:195-201. [PMID: 11520679 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4773(01)00463-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Tight regulation of retinoic acid (RA) distribution in the embryo is critical for normal morphogenesis. The RA-metabolizing enzymes Cyp26A1 and Cyp26B1 are believed to play important roles in protecting certain embryonic tissues from inappropriate RA signaling. We have cloned the murine Cyp26B1 cDNA and compared its expression pattern to that of Cyp26A1 from embryonic day (E) E7-E11.5 using in situ hybridization. Northern blot analysis shows the presence of two Cyp26B1 transcripts of approximately 2.3 and 3.5 kb in embryonic limb bud. Whereas Cyp26A1 is expressed in gastrulating embryos by E7, Cyp26B1 is first expressed at E8.0 in prospective rhombomeres 3 and 5. Cyp26B1 expression expands to specific dorso-ventral locations in rhombomeres 2-6 between E8.5 and E9.5, whereas Cyp26A1 hindbrain expression is limited to rhombomere 2 at E8.5. No (or very weak) Cyp26B1 expression is observed in the tail bud, a major site of Cyp26A1 expression. Differential expression is seen in branchial arches, with Cyp26A1 being mainly expressed in neural crest-derived mesenchyme, and Cyp26B1 in specific ectodermal and endodermal areas. Cyp26B1 is markedly expressed in the ectoderm and distal mesoderm of the limb buds from the beginning of their outgrowth. Cyp26A1 transcripts are seen later and at lower levels in limb ectoderm, and both transcripts are excluded from the apical ectodermal ridge.
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Affiliation(s)
- G MacLean
- Department of Pathology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
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41
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Angrand PO, Apiou F, Stewart AF, Dutrillaux B, Losson R, Chambon P. NSD3, a new SET domain-containing gene, maps to 8p12 and is amplified in human breast cancer cell lines. Genomics 2001; 74:79-88. [PMID: 11374904 DOI: 10.1006/geno.2001.6524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We describe the isolation and characterization of NSD3, the third member of a gene family including Nsd1 and NSD2. Murine Nsd1 was isolated in a search for proteins that interact with the ligand-binding domain of retinoic acid receptor alpha. NSD2 (also known as WHSC1 and MMSET) is located in the Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) critical region on 4p16.3 and is involved in multiple myeloma with t(4;14) translocations. The proteins Nsd1, NSD2, and NSD3 are highly similar within a block of about 700 amino acids. This block contains several conserved domains, such as the SET domain and the PHD finger, present in proteins involved in development and/or chromatin reorganization. The NSD3 gene consists of an 8.5-kb transcript composed of 23 coding exons and spans >90 kb of genomic DNA. NSD3 maps to chromosome band 8p12 and is amplified in several tumor cell lines and primary breast carcinomas.
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MESH Headings
- Alternative Splicing
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Binding Sites
- Blotting, Northern
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8/genetics
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Exons
- Female
- Gene Amplification
- Gene Expression
- Genes/genetics
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Introns
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Poly A/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- RNA/genetics
- RNA/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Tissue Distribution
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- P O Angrand
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, Illkirch Cedex, C.U. de Strasbourg, F-67404, France.
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42
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Michalik L, Desvergne B, Tan NS, Basu-Modak S, Escher P, Rieusset J, Peters JM, Kaya G, Gonzalez FJ, Zakany J, Metzger D, Chambon P, Duboule D, Wahli W. Impaired skin wound healing in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)alpha and PPARbeta mutant mice. J Cell Biol 2001; 154:799-814. [PMID: 11514592 PMCID: PMC2196455 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200011148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We show here that the alpha, beta, and gamma isotypes of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) are expressed in the mouse epidermis during fetal development and that they disappear progressively from the interfollicular epithelium after birth. Interestingly, PPARalpha and beta expression is reactivated in the adult epidermis after various stimuli, resulting in keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation such as tetradecanoylphorbol acetate topical application, hair plucking, or skin wound healing. Using PPARalpha, beta, and gamma mutant mice, we demonstrate that PPARalpha and beta are important for the rapid epithelialization of a skin wound and that each of them plays a specific role in this process. PPARalpha is mainly involved in the early inflammation phase of the healing, whereas PPARbeta is implicated in the control of keratinocyte proliferation. In addition and very interestingly, PPARbeta mutant primary keratinocytes show impaired adhesion and migration properties. Thus, the findings presented here reveal unpredicted roles for PPARalpha and beta in adult mouse epidermal repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Michalik
- Institut de Biologie Animale, Université de Lausanne, Bâtiment de Biologie, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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43
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Romand R, Albuisson E, Niederreither K, Fraulob V, Chambon P, Dollé P. Specific expression of the retinoic acid-synthesizing enzyme RALDH2 during mouse inner ear development. Mech Dev 2001; 106:185-9. [PMID: 11472854 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4773(01)00447-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Retinoid binding proteins and nuclear receptors are expressed in the developing mouse inner ear. Here, we report that the retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2) gene, whose product is involved in the enzymatic generation of retinoic acid (RA), exhibits a restricted expression pattern during mouse inner ear ontogenesis. The Raldh2 gene is first expressed at embryonic day (E) 10.5 in a V-shaped medio-dorsal region of the otocyst outer epithelium, which evolves as two separate domains upon otocyst morphogenesis. At E14.5, Raldh2 is expressed in two areas of the utricle epithelium and specific regions of the saccule and cochlear mesenchyme. Later, Raldh2 transcripts are restricted to two cochlear areas, the stria vascularis and Reissner membrane. Raldh2 mesenchymal expression did not correlate with migrating neural crest-derived melanoblasts. These restricted expression domains may correspond to specific sites of RA synthesis during inner ear morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Romand
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie, Université Blaise Pascal, 63177 Cedex, Aubière, France.
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44
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Rochette-Egly C, Chambon P. F9 embryocarcinoma cells: a cell autonomous model to study the functional selectivity of RARs and RXRs in retinoid signaling. Histol Histopathol 2001; 16:909-22. [PMID: 11510982 DOI: 10.14670/hh-16.909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mouse F9 embryocarcinoma (EC) cells constitute a well established cell-autonomous model system for investigating retinoid signaling in vitro as, depending on culture conditions, retinoic acid (RA) can induce their differentiation into either primitive, parietal or visceral extraembryonic endoderm-like cells. These RA-induced differentiations are accompanied by decreases in proliferation rates, modifications of expression of subsets of RA-target genes, and induction of apoptosis. To elucidate the roles played by the multiple retinoid receptors (RARs and RXRs) in response to RA treatments, F9 EC cells lacking one or several RARs or RXRs were engineered through homologous recombination. Mutated RARs and/or RXRs were then reexpressed in given RAR or RXR null backgrounds. WT and mutant cells were also treated with different combinations of ligands selective for RXRs and/or for each of the three RAR isotypes. These studies lead to the conclusion that most RA-induced events (e.g. primitive and visceral differentiation, growth arrest, apoptosis and activation of expression of a number of genes) are transduced by RARgamma/RXRalpha heterodimers, whereas some other events (e.g. parietal differentiation) are mediated by RARalpha/RXRalpha. heterodimers. They also demonstrate that both AF-1 and AF-2 activation functions of RARs and RXRs, as well as their phosphorylation, are differentially required in these RA-induced events. In RARgamma/RXRalpha heterodimers, the phosphorylation of RARgamma is necessary for triggering primitive differentiation, while that of RXRalpha is required for growth arrest. On the other hand, phosphorylation of RARalpha is necessary for parietal differentiation. Thus, retinoid receptors are sophisticated signal integrators that transduce not only the effects of their cognate ligands, but also those of ligands that bind to membrane receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Binding Sites
- Carcinoma, Embryonal/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Embryonal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Embryonal/pathology
- Carcinoma, Embryonal/physiopathology
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Division/drug effects
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Genetic Engineering
- Mice
- Models, Biological
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phosphorylation
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/deficiency
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/physiology
- Retinoid X Receptors
- Retinoids/physiology
- Signal Transduction
- Transcription Factors/deficiency
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/physiology
- Tretinoin/pharmacology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rochette-Egly
- Institute of Genetic and Cellular and Molecular Biology, CNRS/INSERM/ULP/College of France, Illkirch.
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45
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Abstract
Mutants mice carrying targeted inactivations of both retinoic acid receptor (RAR) alpha and RAR gamma (A alpha/A gamma mutants) were analyzed at different embryonic stages, in order to establish the timing of appearance of defects that we previously observed during the fetal period. We show that embryonic day (E)9.5 A alpha/A gamma embryos display severe malformations, similar to those already described in retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 null mutants. These malformations reflect early roles of retinoic acid signaling in axial rotation, segmentation and closure of the hindbrain; formation of otocysts, pharyngeal arches and forelimb buds; and in the closure of the primitive gut. The hindbrain of E8.5 A alpha/A gamma embryos shows a posterior expansion of rhombomere 3 and 4 (R3 and R4) markers, but fails to express kreisler, a normal marker of R5 and R6. This abnormal hindbrain phenotype is strikingly different from that of embryos lacking RAR alpha and RAR beta (A alpha/A beta mutants), in which we have previously shown that the territory corresponding to R5 and R6 is markedly enlarged. Administration of a pan-RAR antagonist at E8.0 to wild-type embryos cultured in vitro results in an A alpha/A beta-like hindbrain phenotype, whereas an earlier treatment at E7.0 yields an A alpha/A gamma-like phenotype. Altogether, our data suggest that RAR alpha and/or RAR gamma transduce the RA signal that is required first to specify the prospective R5/R6 territory, whereas RAR beta is subsequently involved in setting up the caudal boundary of this territory.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Wendling
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS/INSERM/ULP/Collège de France, B.P. 163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, C.U. de Strasbourg, France
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Mascrez B, Mark M, Krezel W, Dupé V, LeMeur M, Ghyselinck NB, Chambon P. Differential contributions of AF-1 and AF-2 activities to the developmental functions of RXRα. Development 2001; 128:2049-62. [PMID: 11493527 DOI: 10.1242/dev.128.11.2049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have engineered a mouse mutation that specifically deletes most of the RXRα N-terminal A/B region, which includes the activation function AF-1 and several phosphorylation sites. The homozygous mutants (RXRαaf1o), as well as compound mutants that further lack RXRβ and RXRγ, are viable and display a subset of the abnormalities previously described in RXRα-null mutants. In contrast, RXRαaf1o/RAR−/−(α, β or γ) compound mutants die in utero and exhibit a large array of malformations that nearly recapitulate the full spectrum of the defects that characterize the fetal vitamin A-deficiency (VAD) syndrome. Altogether, these observations indicate that the RXRα AF-1 region A/B is functionally important, although less so than the ligand-dependent activation function AF-2, for efficiently transducing the retinoid signal through RAR/RXRα heterodimers during embryonic development. Moreover, it has a unique role in retinoic acid-dependent involution of the interdigital mesenchyme. During early placentogenesis, both the AF-1 and AF-2 activities of RXRα, β and γ appear to be dispensable, suggesting that RXRs act as silent heterodimeric partners in this process. However, AF-2 of RXRα, but not AF-1, is required for differentiation of labyrinthine trophoblast cells, a late step in the formation of the placental barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mascrez
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS-INSERM-ULP-Collège de France, BP163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, C.U. de Strasbourg, France
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Dilworth FJ, Chambon P. Nuclear receptors coordinate the activities of chromatin remodeling complexes and coactivators to facilitate initiation of transcription. Oncogene 2001; 20:3047-54. [PMID: 11420720 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1204329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the field of in vitro chromatin assembly have led to in vitro transcription systems which reproduce in the test tube, in vivo characteristics of ligand-dependent transcriptional activation by nuclear receptors. Dissection of these systems has begun to provide us with information concerning the underlying molecular mechanisms. Through recruitment of coactivator proteins, nuclear receptors act first to remodel chromatin within the promoter region and then to recruit the transcriptional machinery to the promoter region in order to initiate transcription. Here we present a possible sequential mechanism for ligand-dependent transcriptional activation by nuclear receptors and discuss the in vitro and in vivo data that support this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Dilworth
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS/INSERM/ULP/Collège de France, BP163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, CU de Strasbourg, France
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van den Akker E, Fromental-Ramain C, de Graaff W, Le Mouellic H, Brûlet P, Chambon P, Deschamps J. Axial skeletal patterning in mice lacking all paralogous group 8 Hox genes. Development 2001; 128:1911-21. [PMID: 11311170 DOI: 10.1242/dev.128.10.1911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We present a detailed study of the genetic basis of mesodermal axial patterning by paralogous group 8 Hox genes in the mouse. The phenotype of Hoxd8 loss-of-function mutants is presented, and compared with that of Hoxb8- and Hoxc8-null mice. Our analysis of single mutants reveals common features for the Hoxc8 and Hoxd8 genes in patterning lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. In the Hoxb8 mutant, more anterior axial regions are affected. The three paralogous Hox genes are expressed up to similar rostral boundaries in the mesoderm, but at levels that strongly vary with the axial position. We find that the axial region affected in each of the single mutants mostly corresponds to the area with the highest level of gene expression. However, analysis of double and triple mutants reveals that lower expression of the other two paralogous genes also plays a patterning role when the mainly expressed gene is defective. We therefore conclude that paralogous group 8 Hox genes are involved in patterning quite an extensive anteroposterior (AP) axial region. Phenotypes of double and triple mutants reveal that Hoxb8, Hoxc8 and Hoxd8 have redundant functions at upper thoracic and sacral levels, including positioning of the hindlimbs. Interestingly, loss of functional Hoxb8 alleles partially rescues the phenotype of Hoxc8- and Hoxc8/Hoxd8-null mutants at lower thoracic and lumbar levels. This suggests that Hoxb8 affects patterning at these axial positions differently from the other paralogous gene products. We conclude that paralogous Hox genes can have a unique role in patterning specific axial regions in addition to their redundant function at other AP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- E van den Akker
- Hubrecht Laboratory, The Netherlands Institute for Developmental Biology, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Mori M, Ghyselinck NB, Chambon P, Mark M. Systematic immunolocalization of retinoid receptors in developing and adult mouse eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001; 42:1312-8. [PMID: 11328745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the localization of retinoic acid receptors (RAR) alpha, beta, and gamma and retinoid X receptors (RXR) alpha, beta, and gamma in developing and adult mouse eyes at the level of single cells. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed on paraformaldehyde-lysine-periodate-fixed cryosections of mouse eyes, from embryonic day 10.5 to adulthood, with polyclonal antibodies directed against each receptor isoform. Histologic sections from null mutant mice for each receptor served as negative controls. RESULTS RARalpha was present ubiquitously in the prenatal eye and preferentially located in the posnatal retina and ciliary body. RARbeta was detected predominantly in the periocular mesenchyme and ciliary body. RARgamma was distributed in the periocular mesenchyme, choroid, sclera, cornea, conjunctiva, and lids. RXRalpha was found preferentially in the prenatal periocular mesenchyme and retina and in the postnatal ciliary body, cornea, and conjunctiva. RXRbeta was ubiquitous at all the stages. RXRgamma was detected mainly in subsets of prenatal retinal cells and in postnatal ganglion cells as well as a subset of photoreceptor cells that were characterized as cones in adults. CONCLUSIONS RARalpha, beta, and gamma and RXRalpha and gamma exhibit specific and dynamic patterns of distribution in ocular tissues throughout the course of development. The abundance of RARbeta, RARgamma, and RXRalpha in the periocular mesenchyme suggests that this tissue represents an important site of retinoid actions during eye development and in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mori
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Collège de France, Parc d'Innovation 1, rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch-CU de Strasbourg, France
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Abstract
The efficient introduction of somatic mutations in a given gene, at a given time, in a specific cell type, will facilitate studies of gene function and the generation of animal models for human diseases. We have established a conditional site-specific recombination system in mice using a new version of the Cre/lox system. The Cre recombinase has been fused to a mutated ligand binding domain of the human estrogen receptor (ER), resulting in a tamoxifen-dependent Cre recombinase, Cre-ER(T), that is activated by tamoxifen, but not by estradiol. Transgenic mice were generated expressing Cre-ER(T) under the control of a cytomegalovirus promoter. Administration of tamoxifen to these transgenic mice induced excision of a chromosomally integrated gene flanked by loxP sites in a number of tissues, whereas no excision could be detected in untreated animals. However, the efficiency of excision varied between tissues, and the highest level (approximately 40%) was obtained in the skin. To determine the efficiency of excision mediated by Cre-ER(T) in a given cell type, Cre-ER(T)-expressing mice were crossed with reporter mice in which expression of Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase can be induced through Cre-mediated recombination. The efficiency and kinetics of this recombination were analyzed at the cellular level in the epidermis of 6- to 8-week-old double transgenic mice. Site-specific excision occurred within a few days of tamoxifen treatment in essentially all epidermis cells expressing Cre-ER(T). These results indicate that cell-specific expression of Cre-ER(T) in transgenic mice can be used for efficient tamoxifen-dependent Cre-mediated recombination at loci containing loxP sites, to generate site-specific somatic mutations in a spatiotemporally controlled manner. This conditional site-specific recombination system should allow the analysis of knockout phenotypes that cannot be addressed by conventional gene targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Metzger
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, Collège de France, BP 163 67404 Illkirch Cedex, C.U. de Strasbourg, France
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