1
|
Tran HT, Schramm C, Huynh MM, Shavrukov Y, Stangoulis JCR, Jenkins CLD, Anderson PA. An accurate, reliable, and universal qPCR method to identify homozygous single insert T-DNA with the example of transgenic rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1221790. [PMID: 37900763 PMCID: PMC10600460 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1221790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Early determination of transgenic plants that are homozygous for a single locus T-DNA insert is highly desirable in most fundamental and applied transgenic research. This study aimed to build on an accurate, rapid, and reliable quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) method to fast-track the development of multiple homozygous transgenic rice lines in the T1 generation, with low copy number to single T-DNA insert for further analyses. Here, a well-established qPCR protocol, based on the OsSBE4 reference gene and the nos terminator, was optimized in the transgenic Japonica rice cultivar Nipponbare, to distinguish homozygous single-insert plants with 100% accuracy. This method was successfully adapted to transgenic Indica rice plants carrying three different T-DNAs, without any modifications to quickly develop homozygous rice plants in the T1 generation. The accuracy of this qPCR method when applied to transgenic Indica rice approached 100% in 12 putative transgenic lines. Moreover, this protocol also successfully detected homozygous single-locus T-DNA transgenic rice plants with two-transgene T-DNAs, a feature likely to become more popular in future transgenic research. The assay was developed utilizing universal primers targeting common sequence elements of gene cassettes (the nos terminator). This assay could therefore be applied to other transgenic plants carrying the nos terminator. All procedures described here use standardized qPCR reaction conditions and relatively inexpensive dyes, such as SYBR Green, thus the qPCR method could be cost-effective and suitable for lower budget laboratories that are involved in rice transgenic research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Thanh Tran
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter A. Anderson
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jiang Y, Chen X, Chai S, Sheng H, Sha L, Fan X, Zeng J, Kang H, Zhang H, Xiao X, Zhou Y, Vatamaniuk OK, Wang Y. TpIRT1 from Polish wheat (Triticum polonicum L.) enhances the accumulation of Fe, Mn, Co, and Cd in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 312:111058. [PMID: 34620452 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Uptake and internal transport of micronutrients are essential for plant growth, development, and yield. In this regard, Iron Regulated Transporters (IRTs) from the Zinc Regulated Transporter (ZRT)/IRT-related protein (ZIP) family play an important role in transition metal uptake. Most studies have been focused on IRT1-like proteins in diploid species. Information on IRT1-like proteins in polyploids is limited. Here, we studied the function of TpIRT1A and TpIRT1B homoeologs in a tetraploid crop, Polish wheat (Triticum polonicum L.). Our results highlighted the importance of TpIRT1 in mediating the uptake and translocation of Fe, Mn, Co, and Cd with direct implications for wheat yield potential. Both TpIRT1A and TpIRT1B were located at the plasma membrane and internal vesicle-like organelle in protoplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana L. and increased Cd and Co sensitivity in yeast. The over-expression of TpIRT1B in A. thaliana increased Fe, Mn, Co, and Cd concentration in its tissues and improved plant growth under Fe, Mn, and Co deficiencies, while increased the sensitivity to Cd compared to wild type. Functional analysis of IRT1 homoeologs from tetraploid and diploid ancestral wheat species in yeast disclosed four distinct amino acid residues in TdiIRT1B (T. dicoccum L. (Schrank)) and TtuIRT1B (T. turgidum L.). Together, our results increase the knowledge of IRT1 function in a globally important crop, wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Jiang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China; Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, 14853, NY, USA
| | - Xing Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Songyue Chai
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Huajin Sheng
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, 14853, NY, USA; Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N0W9, SK, Canada
| | - Lina Sha
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Houyang Kang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiqin Zhang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Olena K Vatamaniuk
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, 14853, NY, USA.
| | - Yi Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Menadue DJ, Riboni M, Baumann U, Schilling RK, Plett DC, Roy SJ. Proton-pumping pyrophosphatase homeolog expression is a dynamic trait in bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum). PLANT DIRECT 2021; 5:e354. [PMID: 34646976 PMCID: PMC8496507 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Proton-pumping pyrophosphatases (H+-PPases) have been shown to enhance biomass and yield. However, to date, there has been little work towards identify genes encoding H+-PPases in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) (TaVPs) and limited knowledge on how the expression of these genes varies across different growth stages and tissue types. In this study, the IWGSC database was used to identify two novel TaVP genes, TaVP4 and TaVP5, and elucidate the complete homeolog sequences of the three known TaVP genes, bringing the total number of bread wheat TaVPs from 9 to 15. Gene expression levels of each TaVP homeolog were assessed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in four diverse wheat varieties in terms of phenotypic traits related to high vacuolar pyrophosphatase expression. Homeolog expression was analyzed across multiple tissue types and developmental stages. Expression levels of the TaVP homeologs were found to vary significantly between varieties, tissues and plant developmental stages. During early development (Z10 and Z13), expressions of TaVP1 and TaVP2 homeologs were higher in shoot tissue than root tissue, with both shoot and root expression increasing in later developmental stages (Z22). TaVP2-D was expressed in all varieties and tissue types and was the most highly expressed homeolog at all developmental stages. Expression of the TaVP3 homeologs was restricted to developing grain (Z75), while TaVP4 homeolog expression was higher at Z22 than earlier developmental stages. Variation in TaVP4B was detected among varieties at Z22 and Z75, with Buck Atlantico (high biomass) and Scout (elite Australian cultivar) having the highest levels of expression. These findings offer a comprehensive overview of the bread wheat H+-PPase family and identify variation in TaVP homeolog expression that will be of use to improve the growth, yield, and abiotic stress tolerance of bread wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jamie Menadue
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional GenomicsThe University of AdelaideUrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Matteo Riboni
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional GenomicsThe University of AdelaideUrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Ute Baumann
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional GenomicsThe University of AdelaideUrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Rhiannon Kate Schilling
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional GenomicsThe University of AdelaideUrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Department of Primary Industries and RegionsSouth Australian Research and Development InstituteUrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Darren Craig Plett
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Australian Plant Phenomics Facility, The Plant AcceleratorThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Stuart John Roy
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional GenomicsThe University of AdelaideUrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia
- ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Wheat in a Hot and Dry ClimateUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Suzuki O, Koura M, Uchio-Yamada K, Sasaki M. Analysis of the transgene insertion pattern in a transgenic mouse strain using long-read sequencing. Exp Anim 2020; 69:279-286. [PMID: 32051389 PMCID: PMC7445054 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.19-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgene insertion patterns are critical for the analysis of transgenic animals because
the influence of transgenes may change depending on the insertion pattern (such as copy
numbers and orientations of concatenations) and the insertion position in the genome. We
previously reported a genomic walking strategy to locate transgenes in the genomes of
transgenic mice (Exp. Anim. 53: 103–111, 2004) and to analyze transgene insertion patterns
(Exp. Anim. 55: 65–69, 2006). With such strategies, however, we could not determine the
copy number of transgenes or global genome modification induced by transgene insertion due
to read-length limitation. In this study, we used a long-read sequencer (MinION, Oxford
Nanopore Technologies) to overcome this limitation. We obtained 922,210 reads using MinION
with genomic DNA from a transgenic mouse strain (4C30, Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B. Phys.
Biol. Sci. 87: 550–562, 2011). Among the reads, we found one 21,457-bp read containing the
transgene using a local BLAST search. Nucleotide dot plot analysis revealed that the
transgene was inserted in the genome as a tandem concatemer with an almost entire
construct (15–3,508 of 3,508 bp) and a partial fragment (4–660, 657 bp). Ensembl’s BLAST
search against the C57BL/6N genome revealed a 9,388-bp deletion at the insertion position
in the intron of the Sgcd gene, confirming that mutations such as a large
genomic deletion could occur at the time of transgene insertion. Thus, long-read
sequencers are useful tools for the analysis of transgene insertion patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Suzuki
- Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition,7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Ibaraki, Osaka 568-0085, Japan
| | - Minako Koura
- Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition,7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Ibaraki, Osaka 568-0085, Japan
| | - Kozue Uchio-Yamada
- Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition,7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Ibaraki, Osaka 568-0085, Japan
| | - Mitsuho Sasaki
- Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition,7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Ibaraki, Osaka 568-0085, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bi H, Shi J, Kovalchuk N, Luang S, Bazanova N, Chirkova L, Zhang D, Shavrukov Y, Stepanenko A, Tricker P, Langridge P, Hrmova M, Lopato S, Borisjuk N. Overexpression of the TaSHN1 transcription factor in bread wheat leads to leaf surface modifications, improved drought tolerance, and no yield penalty under controlled growth conditions. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:2549-2566. [PMID: 29761511 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors regulate multiple networks, mediating the responses of organisms to stresses, including drought. Here, we investigated the role of the wheat transcription factor TaSHN1 in crop growth and drought tolerance. TaSHN1, isolated from bread wheat, was characterized for molecular interactions and functionality. The overexpression of TaSHN1 in wheat was followed by the evaluation of T2 and T3 transgenic lines for drought tolerance, growth, and yield components. Leaf surface changes were analysed by light microscopy, SEM, TEM, and GC-MS/GC-FID. TaSHN1 behaves as a transcriptional activator in a yeast transactivation assay and binds stress-related DNA cis-elements, determinants of which were revealed using 3D molecular modelling. The overexpression of TaSHN1 in transgenic wheat did not result in a yield penalty under the controlled plant growth conditions of a glasshouse. Transgenic lines had significantly lower stomatal density and leaf water loss and exhibited improved recovery after severe drought, compared with control plants. The comparative analysis of cuticular waxes revealed an increased accumulation of alkanes in leaves of transgenic lines. Our data demonstrate that TaSHN1 may operate as a positive modulator of drought stress tolerance. Positive attributes could be mediated through an enhanced accumulation of alkanes and reduced stomatal density.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Bi
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20040, China
| | - Nataliya Kovalchuk
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Sukanya Luang
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Natalia Bazanova
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Larissa Chirkova
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Dabing Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20040, China
| | - Yuri Shavrukov
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Anton Stepanenko
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Penny Tricker
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Peter Langridge
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Maria Hrmova
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Sergiy Lopato
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Nikolai Borisjuk
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ismagul A, Yang N, Maltseva E, Iskakova G, Mazonka I, Skiba Y, Bi H, Eliby S, Jatayev S, Shavrukov Y, Borisjuk N, Langridge P. A biolistic method for high-throughput production of transgenic wheat plants with single gene insertions. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:135. [PMID: 29940859 PMCID: PMC6020210 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1326-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relatively low efficiency of biolistic transformation and subsequent integration of multiple copies of the introduced gene/s significantly complicate the genetic modification of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and other plant species. One of the key factors contributing to the reproducibility of this method is the uniformity of the DNA/gold suspension, which is dependent on the coating procedure employed. It was also shown recently that the relative frequency of single copy transgene inserts could be increased through the use of nanogram quantities of the DNA during coating. RESULTS A simplified DNA/gold coating method was developed to produce fertile transgenic plants, via microprojectile bombardment of callus cultures induced from immature embryos. In this method, polyethyleneglycol (PEG) and magnesium salt solutions were utilized in place of the spermidine and calcium chloride of the standard coating method, to precipitate the DNA onto gold microparticles. The prepared microparticles were used to generate transgenics from callus cultures of commercial bread wheat cv. Gladius resulting in an average transformation frequency of 9.9%. To increase the occurrence of low transgene copy number events, nanogram amounts of the minimal expression cassettes containing the gene of interest and the hpt gene were used for co-transformation. A total of 1538 transgenic wheat events were generated from 15,496 embryos across 19 independent experiments. The variation of single copy insert frequencies ranged from 16.1 to 73.5% in the transgenic wheat plants, which compares favourably to published results. CONCLUSIONS The DNA/gold coating procedure presented here allows efficient, large scale transformation of wheat. The use of nanogram amounts of vector DNA improves the frequency of single copy transgene inserts in transgenic wheat plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ainur Ismagul
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
| | - Nannan Yang
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
- Present address: NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Pine Gully Road, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650 Australia
| | - Elina Maltseva
- Present address: Aytkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, 480012 Kazakhstan
| | - Gulnur Iskakova
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
- Present address: Aytkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, 480012 Kazakhstan
| | - Inna Mazonka
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
| | - Yuri Skiba
- Present address: Aytkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, 480012 Kazakhstan
| | - Huihui Bi
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
- Present address: National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Serik Eliby
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
| | - Satyvaldy Jatayev
- S.Seifullin Kazakh AgroTechnical University, Astana, 010011 Kazakhstan
| | - Yuri Shavrukov
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042 Australia
| | - Nikolai Borisjuk
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
- Present address: School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300 China
| | - Peter Langridge
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Luang S, Sornaraj P, Bazanova N, Jia W, Eini O, Hussain SS, Kovalchuk N, Agarwal PK, Hrmova M, Lopato S. The wheat TabZIP2 transcription factor is activated by the nutrient starvation-responsive SnRK3/CIPK protein kinase. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:543-561. [PMID: 29564697 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0713-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of roles of bZIP factors in biological processes during plant development and under abiotic stresses requires the detailed mechanistic knowledge of behaviour of TFs. Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors (TFs) play key roles in the regulation of grain development and plant responses to abiotic stresses. We investigated the role and molecular mechanisms of function of the TabZIP2 gene isolated from drought-stressed wheat plants. Molecular characterisation of TabZIP2 and derived protein included analyses of gene expression and its target promoter, and the influence of interacting partners on the target promoter activation. Two interacting partners of TabZIP2, the 14-3-3 protein, TaWIN1 and the bZIP transcription factor TaABI5L, were identified in a Y2H screen. We established that under elevated ABA levels the activity of TabZIP2 was negatively regulated by the TaWIN1 protein and positively regulated by the SnRK3/CIPK protein kinase WPK4, reported previously to be responsive to nutrient starvation. The physical interaction between the TaWIN1 and the WPK4 was detected. We also compared the influence of homo- and hetero-dimerisation of TabZIP2 and TaABI5L on DNA binding. TabZIP2 gene functional analyses were performed using drought-inducible overexpression of TabZIP2 in transgenic wheat. Transgenic plants grown under moderate drought during flowering, were smaller than control plants, and had fewer spikes and seeds per plant. However, a single seed weight was increased compared to single seed weights of control plants in three of four evaluated transgenic lines. The observed phenotypes of transgenic plants and the regulation of TabZIP2 activity by nutrient starvation-responsive WPK4, suggest that the TabZIP2 could be the part of a signalling pathway, which controls the rearrangement of carbohydrate and nutrient flows in plant organs in response to drought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Luang
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Pradeep Sornaraj
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Natalia Bazanova
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Wei Jia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Omid Eini
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Syed Sarfraz Hussain
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- Forman Christian College, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Nataliya Kovalchuk
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Pradeep K Agarwal
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, India
| | - Maria Hrmova
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia.
| | - Sergiy Lopato
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Planta J, Xiang X, Leustek T, Messing J. Engineering sulfur storage in maize seed proteins without apparent yield loss. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:11386-11391. [PMID: 29073061 PMCID: PMC5664557 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1714805114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur assimilation may limit the pool of methionine and cysteine available for incorporation into zeins, the major seed storage proteins in maize. This hypothesis was tested by producing transgenic maize with deregulated sulfate reduction capacity achieved through leaf-specific expression of the Escherichia coli enzyme 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate reductase (EcPAPR) that resulted in higher methionine accumulation in seeds. The transgenic kernels have higher expression of the methionine-rich 10-kDa δ-zein and total protein sulfur without reduction of other zeins. This overall increase in the expression of the S-rich zeins describes a facet of regulation of these proteins under enhanced sulfur assimilation. Transgenic line PE5 accumulates 57.6% more kernel methionine than the high-methionine inbred line B101. In feeding trials with chicks, PE5 maize promotes significant weight gain compared with nontransgenic kernels. Therefore, increased source strength can improve the nutritional value of maize without apparent yield loss and may significantly reduce the cost of feed supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Planta
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Xiaoli Xiang
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
- Institute of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610061, China
| | - Thomas Leustek
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Joachim Messing
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tucker EJ, Baumann U, Kouidri A, Suchecki R, Baes M, Garcia M, Okada T, Dong C, Wu Y, Sandhu A, Singh M, Langridge P, Wolters P, Albertsen MC, Cigan AM, Whitford R. Molecular identification of the wheat male fertility gene Ms1 and its prospects for hybrid breeding. Nat Commun 2017; 8:869. [PMID: 29021581 PMCID: PMC5636796 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00945-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The current rate of yield gain in crops is insufficient to meet the predicted demands. Capturing the yield boost from heterosis is one of the few technologies that offers rapid gain. Hybrids are widely used for cereals, maize and rice, but it has been a challenge to develop a viable hybrid system for bread wheat due to the wheat genome complexity, which is both large and hexaploid. Wheat is our most widely grown crop providing 20% of the calories for humans. Here, we describe the identification of Ms1, a gene proposed for use in large-scale, low-cost production of male-sterile (ms) female lines necessary for hybrid wheat seed production. We show that Ms1 completely restores fertility to ms1d, and encodes a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored lipid transfer protein, necessary for pollen exine development. This represents a key step towards developing a robust hybridization platform in wheat.Heterosis can rapidly boost yield in crop species but development of hybrid-breeding systems for bread wheat remains a challenge. Here, Tucker et al. describe the molecular identification of the wheat Ms1 gene and discuss its potential for large-scale hybrid seed production in wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elise J Tucker
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Ute Baumann
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Allan Kouidri
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Radoslaw Suchecki
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Mathieu Baes
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Melissa Garcia
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Takashi Okada
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Chongmei Dong
- Plant Breeding Institute, University of Sydney, PMB 4011, Narellan,, NSW 2567, Australia
| | - Yongzhong Wu
- DuPont Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc., 7250 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA 50131-0552, USA
| | - Ajay Sandhu
- DuPont Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc., 7250 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA 50131-0552, USA
| | - Manjit Singh
- DuPont Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc., 7250 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA 50131-0552, USA
| | - Peter Langridge
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Petra Wolters
- DuPont Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc., 7250 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA 50131-0552, USA
| | - Marc C Albertsen
- DuPont Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc., 7250 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA 50131-0552, USA
| | - A Mark Cigan
- DuPont Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc., 7250 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA 50131-0552, USA
| | - Ryan Whitford
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Collier R, Dasgupta K, Xing YP, Hernandez BT, Shao M, Rohozinski D, Kovak E, Lin J, de Oliveira MLP, Stover E, McCue KF, Harmon FG, Blechl A, Thomson JG, Thilmony R. Accurate measurement of transgene copy number in crop plants using droplet digital PCR. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 90:1014-1025. [PMID: 28231382 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Genetic transformation is a powerful means for the improvement of crop plants, but requires labor- and resource-intensive methods. An efficient method for identifying single-copy transgene insertion events from a population of independent transgenic lines is desirable. Currently, transgene copy number is estimated by either Southern blot hybridization analyses or quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) experiments. Southern hybridization is a convincing and reliable method, but it also is expensive, time-consuming and often requires a large amount of genomic DNA and radioactively labeled probes. Alternatively, qPCR requires less DNA and is potentially simpler to perform, but its results can lack the accuracy and precision needed to confidently distinguish between one- and two-copy events in transgenic plants with large genomes. To address this need, we developed a droplet digital PCR-based method for transgene copy number measurement in an array of crops: rice, citrus, potato, maize, tomato and wheat. The method utilizes specific primers to amplify target transgenes, and endogenous reference genes in a single duplexed reaction containing thousands of droplets. Endpoint amplicon production in the droplets is detected and quantified using sequence-specific fluorescently labeled probes. The results demonstrate that this approach can generate confident copy number measurements in independent transgenic lines in these crop species. This method and the compendium of probes and primers will be a useful resource for the plant research community, enabling the simple and accurate determination of transgene copy number in these six important crop species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ray Collier
- Western Regional Research Center, Crop Improvement and Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Kasturi Dasgupta
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Yan-Ping Xing
- Western Regional Research Center, Crop Improvement and Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Bryan Tarape Hernandez
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Min Shao
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Dominica Rohozinski
- Plant Gene Expression Center, USDA-ARS, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Emma Kovak
- Plant Gene Expression Center, USDA-ARS, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jeanie Lin
- Western Regional Research Center, Crop Improvement and Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| | | | - Ed Stover
- USDA-ARS Subtropical Insects and Horticulture Research Unit, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
| | - Kent F McCue
- Western Regional Research Center, Crop Improvement and Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Frank G Harmon
- Plant Gene Expression Center, USDA-ARS, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ann Blechl
- Western Regional Research Center, Crop Improvement and Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| | - James G Thomson
- Western Regional Research Center, Crop Improvement and Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Roger Thilmony
- Western Regional Research Center, Crop Improvement and Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bi H, Luang S, Li Y, Bazanova N, Borisjuk N, Hrmova M, Lopato S. Wheat drought-responsive WXPL transcription factors regulate cuticle biosynthesis genes. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 94:15-32. [PMID: 28161858 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0585-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The cuticle forms a hydrophobic waxy layer that covers plant organs and provides protection from biotic and abiotic stresses. Transcription of genes responsible for cuticle formation is regulated by several types of transcription factors (TFs). Five orthologous to WAX PRODUCTION (WXP1 and WXP2) genes from Medicago truncatula were isolated from a cDNA library prepared from flag leaves and spikes of drought tolerant wheat (Triticum aestivum, breeding line RAC875) and designated TaWXP-like (TaWXPL) genes. Tissue-specific and drought-responsive expression of TaWXPL1D and TaWXPL2B was investigated by quantitative RT-PCR in two Australian wheat genotypes, RAC875 and Kukri, with contrasting glaucousness and drought tolerance. Rapid dehydration and/or slowly developing cyclic drought induced specific expression patterns of WXPL genes in flag leaves of the two cultivars RAC875 and Kukri. TaWXPL1D and TaWXPL2B proteins acted as transcriptional activators in yeast and in wheat cell cultures, and conserved sequences in their activation domains were localised at their C-termini. The involvement of wheat WXPL TFs in regulation of cuticle biosynthesis was confirmed by transient expression in wheat cells, using the promoters of wheat genes encoding two cuticle biosynthetic enzymes, the 3-ketoacyl-CoA-synthetase and the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase. Using the yeast 1-hybrid (Y1H) assay we also demonstrated the differential binding preferences of TaWXPL1D and TaWXPL2B towards three stress-related DNA cis-elements. Protein structural determinants underlying binding selectivity were revealed using comparative 3D molecular modelling of AP2 domains in complex with cis-elements. A scheme is proposed, which links the roles of WXPL and cuticle-related MYB TFs in regulation of genes responsible for the synthesis of cuticle components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Bi
- The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Sukanya Luang
- The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Yuan Li
- The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Natalia Bazanova
- The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Nikolai Borisjuk
- The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Maria Hrmova
- The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia.
| | - Sergiy Lopato
- The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bi H, Luang S, Li Y, Bazanova N, Morran S, Song Z, Perera MA, Hrmova M, Borisjuk N, Lopato S. Identification and characterization of wheat drought-responsive MYB transcription factors involved in the regulation of cuticle biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:5363-5380. [PMID: 27489236 PMCID: PMC5049387 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A plant cuticle forms a hydrophobic layer covering plant organs, and plays an important role in plant development and protection from environmental stresses. We examined epicuticular structure, composition, and a MYB-based regulatory network in two Australian wheat cultivars, RAC875 and Kukri, with contrasting cuticle appearance (glaucousness) and drought tolerance. Metabolomics and microscopic analyses of epicuticular waxes revealed that the content of β-diketones was the major compositional and structural difference between RAC875 and Kukri. The content of β-diketones remained the same while those of alkanes and primary alcohols were increased by drought in both cultivars, suggesting that the interplay of all components rather than a single one defines the difference in drought tolerance between cultivars. Six wheat genes encoding MYB transcription factors (TFs) were cloned; four of them were regulated in flag leaves of both cultivars by rapid dehydration and/or slowly developing cyclic drought. The involvement of selected MYB TFs in the regulation of cuticle biosynthesis was confirmed by a transient expression assay in wheat cell culture, using the promoters of wheat genes encoding cuticle biosynthesis-related enzymes and the SHINE1 (SHN1) TF. Two functional MYB-responsive elements, specifically recognized by TaMYB74 but not by other MYB TFs, were localized in the TdSHN1 promoter. Protein structural determinants underlying the binding specificity of TaMYB74 for functional DNA cis-elements were defined, using 3D protein molecular modelling. A scheme, linking drought-induced expression of the investigated TFs with downstream genes that participate in the synthesis of cuticle components, is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Bi
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Sukanya Luang
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Yuan Li
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Natalia Bazanova
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Sarah Morran
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Zhihong Song
- W.M.Keck Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - M Ann Perera
- W.M.Keck Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Maria Hrmova
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Nikolai Borisjuk
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Sergiy Lopato
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yadav D, Shavrukov Y, Bazanova N, Chirkova L, Borisjuk N, Kovalchuk N, Ismagul A, Parent B, Langridge P, Hrmova M, Lopato S. Constitutive overexpression of the TaNF-YB4 gene in transgenic wheat significantly improves grain yield. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:6635-6650. [PMID: 26220082 PMCID: PMC4623681 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric nuclear factors Y (NF-Ys) are involved in regulation of various vital functions in all eukaryotic organisms. Although a number of NF-Y subunits have been characterized in model plants, only a few have been functionally evaluated in crops. In this work, a number of genes encoding NF-YB and NF-YC subunits were isolated from drought-tolerant wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. RAC875), and the impact of the overexpression of TaNF-YB4 in the Australian wheat cultivar Gladius was investigated. TaNF-YB4 was isolated as a result of two consecutive yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screens, where ZmNF-YB2a was used as a starting bait. A new NF-YC subunit, designated TaNF-YC15, was isolated in the first Y2H screen and used as bait in a second screen, which identified two wheat NF-YB subunits, TaNF-YB2 and TaNF-YB4. Three-dimensional modelling of a TaNF-YB2/TaNF-YC15 dimer revealed structural determinants that may underlie interaction selectivity. The TaNF-YB4 gene was placed under the control of the strong constitutive polyubiquitin promoter from maize and introduced into wheat by biolistic bombardment. The growth and yield components of several independent transgenic lines with up-regulated levels of TaNF-YB4 were evaluated under well-watered conditions (T1-T3 generations) and under mild drought (T2 generation). Analysis of T2 plants was performed in large deep containers in conditions close to field trials. Under optimal watering conditions, transgenic wheat plants produced significantly more spikes but other yield components did not change. This resulted in a 20-30% increased grain yield compared with untransformed control plants. Under water-limited conditions transgenic lines maintained parity in yield performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Yadav
- University of Adelaide, Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, Urrbrae SA 5064, Australia
| | - Yuri Shavrukov
- University of Adelaide, Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, Urrbrae SA 5064, Australia
| | - Natalia Bazanova
- University of Adelaide, Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, Urrbrae SA 5064, Australia
| | - Larissa Chirkova
- University of Adelaide, Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, Urrbrae SA 5064, Australia
| | - Nikolai Borisjuk
- University of Adelaide, Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, Urrbrae SA 5064, Australia
| | - Nataliya Kovalchuk
- University of Adelaide, Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, Urrbrae SA 5064, Australia
| | - Ainur Ismagul
- University of Adelaide, Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, Urrbrae SA 5064, Australia
| | - Boris Parent
- University of Adelaide, Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, Urrbrae SA 5064, Australia
| | - Peter Langridge
- University of Adelaide, Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, Urrbrae SA 5064, Australia
| | - Maria Hrmova
- University of Adelaide, Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, Urrbrae SA 5064, Australia
| | - Sergiy Lopato
- University of Adelaide, Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, Urrbrae SA 5064, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wei Y, Chen Y, Huang Y, Liu J, Liang Y. Molecular authentication and quantitative analysis of Sarcandra glabra and adulterated chloranthus products using SNP markers. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2015; 27:3618-25. [PMID: 26358522 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2015.1079826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Nakai is one of the most popular and valuable plant species in the oriental medicinal herb market. Chloranthus (Chloranthaceae) species are the most widely used adulterants, but they are known to have hepatotoxicity effects and different medicinal values. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to develop a robust and accurate DNA marker for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of their products. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites specific to Sarcandra glabra, Chloranthus spicatus, Chloranthus serratus and Chloranthus henryi were exploited from the trnL-F region in chloroplast DNA, which have a higher copy number in the products than the nuclear DNA. Based on the SNP sites, specific primers were designed to identify the products of Sarcandra glabra, Chloranthus spicatus, Chloranthus serratus and Chloranthus henryi in mixed solutions via multiplexed PCR. The primers were also used to quantitatively analyse the ratio of chloroplast DNA in the mixed products using real-time PCR. RESULTS The established multiplexed-PCR and real-time PCR methods were determined to be effective for the authentication and relative quantitative assessments of the products of Sarcandra glabra, its adulterants, and their mixtures. CONCLUSION We therefore present an effective method for monitoring the quality of these products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yicong Wei
- a College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Fuzhou , China and
| | - Ying Chen
- b College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fujian Fouzhou , China
| | - Youkai Huang
- a College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Fuzhou , China and
| | - Jinping Liu
- a College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Fuzhou , China and
| | - Yichi Liang
- a College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Fuzhou , China and
| |
Collapse
|