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Zhang Q, Lou C, Li H, Li Y, Zhang H, Li Z, Qi G, Cai X, Luo Q, Fan L, Li X, Lao W, Zhu W, Li X. Zinc hybrid polyester barrier membrane accelerates guided tissue regeneration. J Control Release 2024; 368:676-690. [PMID: 38458572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Barrier membranes play a pivotal role in the success of guided periodontal tissue regeneration. The biodegradable barriers predominantly used in clinical practice often lack sufficient barrier strength, antibacterial properties, and bioactivity, frequently leading to suboptimal regeneration outcomes. Although with advantages in mechanical strength, biodegradability and plasticity, bioinert aliphatic polyesters as barrier materials are usually polymerized via toxic catalysts, hard to be functionalized and lack of antibacterial properties. To address these challenges, we propose a new concept that controlled release of bioactive substance on the whole degradation course can give a bioinert aliphatic polyester bioactivity. Thus, a Zn-based catalytic system for polycondensation of dicarboxylic acids and diols is created to prepare zinc covalent hybrid polyester (PBS/ZnO). The atomically-dispersed Zn2+ ions entering main chain of polyester molecules endow PBS/ZnO barrier with antibacterial properties, barrier strength, excellent biocompatibility and histocompatibility. Further studies reveal that relying on long-term controlled release of Zn2+ ions, the PBS/ZnO membrane greatly expedites osteogenetic effect in guided tissue regeneration (GTR) by enhancing the mitochondrial function of macrophages to induce M2 polarization. These findings show a novel preparation strategy of bioactive polyester biomaterials based on long term controlled release of bioactive substance that integrates catalysis, material structures and function customization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Chaoqian Lou
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Hang Li
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zimeng Li
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Ganggang Qi
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xia Cai
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Qiaojie Luo
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Lijie Fan
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Weiwei Lao
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Weipu Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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Rius Rigau A, Li YN, Matei AE, Györfi AH, Bruch PM, Koziel S, Devakumar V, Gabrielli A, Kreuter A, Wang J, Dietrich S, Schett G, Distler JHW, Liang M. Characterization of Vascular Niche in Systemic Sclerosis by Spatial Proteomics. Circ Res 2024; 134:875-891. [PMID: 38440901 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease that can serve as a model to study vascular changes in response to inflammation, autoimmunity, and fibrotic remodeling. Although microvascular changes are the earliest histopathologic manifestation of SSc, the vascular pathophysiology remains poorly understood. METHODS We applied spatial proteomic approaches to deconvolute the heterogeneity of vascular cells at the single-cell level in situ and characterize cellular alterations of the vascular niches of patients with SSc. Skin biopsies of patients with SSc and control individuals were analyzed by imaging mass cytometry, yielding a total of 90 755 cells including 2987 endothelial cells and 4096 immune cells. RESULTS We identified 7 different subpopulations of blood vascular endothelial cells (VECs), 2 subpopulations of lymphatic endothelial cells, and 3 subpopulations of pericytes. A novel population of CD34+;αSMA+ (α-smooth muscle actin);CD31+ VECs was more common in SSc, whereas endothelial precursor cells were decreased. Co-detection by indexing and tyramide signal amplification confirmed these findings. The microenvironment of CD34+;αSMA+;CD31+ VECs was enriched for immune cells and myofibroblasts, and CD34+;αSMA+;CD31+ VECs expressed markers of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. The density of CD34+;αSMA+;CD31+ VECs was associated with clinical progression of fibrosis in SSc. CONCLUSIONS Using spatial proteomics, we unraveled the heterogeneity of vascular cells in control individuals and patients with SSc. We identified CD34+;αSMA+;CD31+ VECs as a novel endothelial cell population that is increased in patients with SSc, expresses markers for endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and is located in close proximity to immune cells and myofibroblasts. CD34+;αSMA+;CD31+ VEC counts were associated with clinical outcomes of progressive fibrotic remodeling, thus providing a novel cellular correlate for the crosstalk of vasculopathy and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleix Rius Rigau
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology (A.R.R., G.S., J.H.W.D., M.L.), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (A.R.R., G.S., J.H.W.D., M.L.), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yi-Nan Li
- Clinic for Rheumatology (Y.-N.L., A.-E.M., A.-H.G., V.D., A.G., J.H.W.D., M.L.), University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, Germany
- Hiller Research Center (Y.-N.L., A.-E.M., A.-H.G., V.D., A.G., J.H.W.D., M.L.), University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, Germany
| | - Alexandru-Emil Matei
- Clinic for Rheumatology (Y.-N.L., A.-E.M., A.-H.G., V.D., A.G., J.H.W.D., M.L.), University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, Germany
- Hiller Research Center (Y.-N.L., A.-E.M., A.-H.G., V.D., A.G., J.H.W.D., M.L.), University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, Germany
| | - Andrea-Hermina Györfi
- Clinic for Rheumatology (Y.-N.L., A.-E.M., A.-H.G., V.D., A.G., J.H.W.D., M.L.), University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, Germany
- Hiller Research Center (Y.-N.L., A.-E.M., A.-H.G., V.D., A.G., J.H.W.D., M.L.), University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, Germany
| | - Peter-Martin Bruch
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany (P.-M.B., S.K., S.D.)
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Düsseldorf, Aachen Bonn Cologne, Germany (P.-M.B., S.K., S.D.)
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Heidelberg, Germany (P.-M.B., S.K., S.D.)
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (P.-M.B., S.D.)
| | - Sarah Koziel
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany (P.-M.B., S.K., S.D.)
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Düsseldorf, Aachen Bonn Cologne, Germany (P.-M.B., S.K., S.D.)
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Heidelberg, Germany (P.-M.B., S.K., S.D.)
- Düsseldorf School of Oncology, Germany (S.K.)
| | - Veda Devakumar
- Clinic for Rheumatology (Y.-N.L., A.-E.M., A.-H.G., V.D., A.G., J.H.W.D., M.L.), University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, Germany
- Hiller Research Center (Y.-N.L., A.-E.M., A.-H.G., V.D., A.G., J.H.W.D., M.L.), University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, Germany
| | - Armando Gabrielli
- Clinic for Rheumatology (Y.-N.L., A.-E.M., A.-H.G., V.D., A.G., J.H.W.D., M.L.), University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, Germany
- Hiller Research Center (Y.-N.L., A.-E.M., A.-H.G., V.D., A.G., J.H.W.D., M.L.), University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, Germany
- Fondazione di Medicina Molecolare e Terapia Cellulare, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy (A.G.)
| | - Alexander Kreuter
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Helios St. Johannes Klinik Duisburg, Germany (A.K.)
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Helios St. Elisabeth Klinik Oberhausen, University Witten-Herdecke, Germany (A.K.)
| | - Jiucun Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital (J.W., M.L.), Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China (J.W.)
- Research Unit of Dissecting the Population Genetics and Developing New Technologies for Treatment and Prevention of Skin Phenotypes and Dermatological Diseases (2019RU058), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China (J.W.)
| | - Sascha Dietrich
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany (P.-M.B., S.K., S.D.)
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Düsseldorf, Aachen Bonn Cologne, Germany (P.-M.B., S.K., S.D.)
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Heidelberg, Germany (P.-M.B., S.K., S.D.)
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (P.-M.B., S.D.)
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology (A.R.R., G.S., J.H.W.D., M.L.), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (A.R.R., G.S., J.H.W.D., M.L.), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg H W Distler
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology (A.R.R., G.S., J.H.W.D., M.L.), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (A.R.R., G.S., J.H.W.D., M.L.), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Germany
- Clinic for Rheumatology (Y.-N.L., A.-E.M., A.-H.G., V.D., A.G., J.H.W.D., M.L.), University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, Germany
- Hiller Research Center (Y.-N.L., A.-E.M., A.-H.G., V.D., A.G., J.H.W.D., M.L.), University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, Germany
| | - Minrui Liang
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology (A.R.R., G.S., J.H.W.D., M.L.), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (A.R.R., G.S., J.H.W.D., M.L.), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Germany
- Clinic for Rheumatology (Y.-N.L., A.-E.M., A.-H.G., V.D., A.G., J.H.W.D., M.L.), University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, Germany
- Hiller Research Center (Y.-N.L., A.-E.M., A.-H.G., V.D., A.G., J.H.W.D., M.L.), University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital (J.W., M.L.), Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Huashan Rare Disease Center (M.L.), Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Kułak K, Wojciechowska N, Samelak-Czajka A, Jackowiak P, Bagniewska-Zadworna A. How to explore what is hidden? A review of techniques for vascular tissue expression profile analysis. PLANT METHODS 2023; 19:129. [PMID: 37981669 PMCID: PMC10659056 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01109-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of plants to efficiently transport water and assimilates over long distances is a major evolutionary success that facilitated their growth and colonization of land. Vascular tissues, namely xylem and phloem, are characterized by high specialization, cell heterogeneity, and diverse cell components. During differentiation and maturation, these tissues undergo an irreversible sequence of events, leading to complete protoplast degradation in xylem or partial degradation in phloem, enabling their undisturbed conductive function. Due to the unique nature of vascular tissue, and the poorly understood processes involved in xylem and phloem development, studying the molecular basis of tissue differentiation is challenging. In this review, we focus on methods crucial for gene expression research in conductive tissues, emphasizing the importance of initial anatomical analysis and appropriate material selection. We trace the expansion of molecular techniques in vascular gene expression studies and discuss the application of single-cell RNA sequencing, a high-throughput technique that has revolutionized transcriptomic analysis. We explore how single-cell RNA sequencing will enhance our knowledge of gene expression in conductive tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kułak
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Natalia Wojciechowska
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Samelak-Czajka
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paulina Jackowiak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bagniewska-Zadworna
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
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4
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Cohen R, Lee-Pullen T, Miller TJ, Meehan K, Fuller K, McCoy MJ. Optimising multiplex immunofluorescence staining for characterising the tumour immune micro-environment. Methods 2023; 219:48-57. [PMID: 37741563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploring the tumour microenvironment provides insight into the unique interaction between the host and tumour. Ultimately, its study improves understanding of how an individual mounts and achieves an anti-tumour immune response. In the context of colorectal cancer, immune biomarkers within the tumour microenvironment outperform traditional histopathological staging in predicting disease recurrence. Multiplex immunofluorescence enables simultaneous assessment of multiple markers to provide a highly accurate classification of immune cells and their spatial characterisation relative to tumour tissue. Further, automated slide staining provides staining consistency and reduces labour costs. Image acquisition using a non-spectral scanner allows more researchers to utilise multiplexed immunofluorescence for translational research. Herein we describe the optimisation process of conducting automated staining using a five-colour, tyramide signal amplification-based multiplex immunofluorescence panel. Using antibodies against CD3, CD8, CD103 and cytokeratin, the panel characterises T cell populations within human colorectal adenocarcinoma tissue. We provide an overview of primary antibody titration and the development of tyramide signal amplification immunofluorescence monoplex assays. We detail the processes of antibody stripping and the role of exogenous horseradish peroxidase inhibition to facilitate multiplexing. An account of determining the staining sequence and fluorophore assignment is provided. We describe image acquisition using a standard fluorescence microscope slide scanner and the management of spectral crosstalk using this system. Finally, we briefly document the digital image analysis required to characterise cells and determine their spatial distribution within the colorectal tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Cohen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia; Colorectal Cancer Unit, St John of God Subiaco Hospital, Perth, Western, Australia.
| | - Tracey Lee-Pullen
- Colorectal Cancer Unit, St John of God Subiaco Hospital, Perth, Western, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western, Australia.
| | - Timothy J Miller
- Colorectal Cancer Unit, St John of God Subiaco Hospital, Perth, Western, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western, Australia.
| | - Katie Meehan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia.
| | - Kathy Fuller
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia.
| | - Melanie J McCoy
- Colorectal Cancer Unit, St John of God Subiaco Hospital, Perth, Western, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western, Australia.
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Marques-Piubelli ML, Kim DH, Medeiros LJ, Lu W, Khan K, Gomez-Bolanos LI, Rodriguez S, Parra ER, Ok CY, Aradhya A, Solis LM, Nieto YL, Steiner R, Ahmed S, Vega F. CD30 expression is frequently decreased in relapsed classic Hodgkin lymphoma after anti-CD30 CAR T-cell therapy. Histopathology 2023; 83:143-148. [PMID: 36994939 DOI: 10.1111/his.14910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells anti-CD30 is an innovative therapeutic option that has been used to treat cases of refractory/relapsed (R/R) classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL). Limited data are available regarding the CD30 expression status of patients who relapsed after this therapy. This is the first study to show decreased CD30 expression in R/R CHL in patients (n = 5) who underwent CAR T-cell therapy in our institution between 2018 and 2022. Although conventional immunohistochemical assays showed decreased CD30 expression in neoplastic cells in all cases (8/8) the tyramide amplification assay and RNAScope in situ hybridisation detected CD30 expression at different levels in 100% (n = 8/8) and 75% (n = 3/4), respectively. Hence, our findings document that certain levels of CD30 expression are retained by the neoplastic cells. This is not only of biological interest but also diagnostically important, as detection of CD30 is an essential factor in establishing a diagnosis of CHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario L Marques-Piubelli
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Do Hwan Kim
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Khaja Khan
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lorena Isabel Gomez-Bolanos
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Saxon Rodriguez
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Edwin R Parra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chi Young Ok
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Akanksha Aradhya
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luisa M Solis
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yago L Nieto
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Raphael Steiner
- Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sairah Ahmed
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Francisco Vega
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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6
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Park SM, Chen CJJ, Mathy JE, Lin SCY, Martin RCW, Mathy JA, Dunbar PR. Seven-colour multiplex immunochemistry/immunofluorescence and whole slide imaging of frozen sections. J Immunol Methods 2023:113490. [PMID: 37172777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2023.113490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Multiplex Immunochemistry/Immunofluorescence (mIHC/IF) aims to visualise multiple biomarkers in a single tissue section and is especially powerful when used on slide scanners coupled with digital analysis tools. mIHC/IF is commonly employed in immuno-oncology to characterise features of the tumour microenvironment (TME) and correlate them with clinical parameters to guide prognostication and therapy. However, mIHC/IF can be applied to a wide range of organisms in any physiological or disease context. Recent innovation has extended the number of markers that can be detected using slide scanners well beyond the 3-4 markers typically reported in traditional fluorescence microscopy. However, these methods often require sequential antibody staining and stripping, and are not compatible with frozen tissue sections. Using fluorophore-conjugated antibodies, we have established a simple mIHC/IF imaging workflow that enables simultaneous staining and detection of seven markers in a single section of frozen tissue. Coupled with automated whole slide imaging and digital quantification, our data efficiently revealed the tumour-immune complexity in metastatic melanoma. Computational image analysis quantified the immune and stromal cell populations present in the TME as well as their spatial interactions. This imaging workflow can also be performed with an indirect labelling panel consisting of primary and secondary antibodies. Our new methods, combined with digital quantification, will provide a valuable tool for high-quality mIHC/IF assays in immuno-oncology research and other translational studies, especially in circumstances where frozen sections are required for detection of particular markers, or for applications where frozen sections may be preferred, such as spatial transcriptomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saem Mul Park
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chun-Jen J Chen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joanna E Mathy
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shelly C Y Lin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Jon A Mathy
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Health Sciences, Waipapa Taumata Rau - The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Auckland Regional Plastic, Reconstructive & Hand Surgery Unit, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - P Rod Dunbar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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7
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Liu S, Lin M, Hu X, Shen C, Zhang X, Xu C, Zhu Q, Xie Y, Lu H, Wang Y, Lü P, Pooe OJ, Liu Y, Sun A, Liu X. Improved sensitivity of the anti-microcystin-LR ELISA using phage-displayed alpha-type anti-idiotypic nanobody. Anal Biochem 2023; 664:115030. [PMID: 36572217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.115030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab2) are valuable tools that can be used for a better understanding of molecular mimicry and the immunological network. In this work, we showed a new application of a phage-displayed alpha-type Ab2 (Ab2α) to improve the sensitivity of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detecting cyanobacterial toxin microcystin-LR (MC-LR). A monoclonal antibody (mAb) against MC-LR was used as an antigen to isolate binders in a camelid nanobody library. After three rounds of panning, three unique clones with strong binding against anti-MC-LR mAbs were isolated. These clones could specifically bind to anti-MC-LR mAbs without influencing mAbs binding with MC-LR, meaning these clones were Ab2αs. Based on the signal amplification effect of phage coat proteins and the non-competitive nature of Ab2α, a novel competitive ELISA method for MC-LR was established with a phage-displayed Ab2α. It showed that the phage-displayed Ab2α greatly enhanced the ELISA signal and sensitivity of the method was improved 3.5-fold to the conventional one. Combining with the optimization of pre-incubation time, the optimized ELISA decreased its limit of detection (LOD) from 4.5 ng/mL to 0.8 ng/mL (5.6-fold improvement). This new application of Ab2α may potentially be employed to improve the sensitivity of immunoassays for other environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210014, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Manman Lin
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xiaodan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Cheng Shen
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Chongxin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Qin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yajing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Haiyan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Peng Lü
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Ofentse Jacob Pooe
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210014, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Aidong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Xianjin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210014, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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8
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Abstract
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is by definition a biosensor. However, not all immuno-biosensors involve the use of enzymes, while other biosensors incorporate ELISA as a key signaling component. In this chapter, we review the role of ELISA in signal amplification, integration with microfluidic systems, digital labeling, and electrochemical detection.
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9
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Kido K, Nojima S, Motooka D, Nomura Y, Kohara M, Sato K, Ohshima K, Tahara S, Kurashige M, Umeda D, Takashima T, Kiyokawa H, Ukon K, Matsui T, Okuzaki D, Morii E. Ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma cells with low SMARCA4 expression and high SMARCA2 expression contribute to platinum resistance. J Pathol 2023; 260:56-70. [PMID: 36763038 DOI: 10.1002/path.6064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Platinum resistance is a major obstacle to the treatment of ovarian cancer and is correlated with poor clinical outcomes. Intratumor heterogeneity plays a key role in chemoresistance. Recent studies have emphasized the contributions of genetic and epigenetic factors to the development of intratumor heterogeneity. Although the clinical significance of multi-subunit chromatin remodeler, switch/sucrose nonfermenting (SWI/SNF) complexes in cancers has been reported, the impacts of SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily A, member 4/subfamily A, member 2 (SMARCA4/A2) expression patterns in human cancer tissues have not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that low expression of SMARCA4 and high expression of SMARCA2 are associated with platinum resistance in ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) cells. We used fluorescence multiplex immunohistochemistry (fmIHC) to study resected specimens; we examined heterogeneity in human HGSC tissues at the single-cell level, which revealed that the proportion of cells with the SMARCA4low /SMARCA2high phenotype was positively correlated with clinical platinum-resistant recurrence. We used stable transfection of SMARCA2 and siRNA knockdown of SMARCA4 to generate HGSC cells with the SMARCA4low /SMARCA2high phenotype; these cells had the greatest resistance to carboplatin. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that the underlying mechanism involved in substantial alterations to chromatin accessibility and resultant fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling activation, MAPK pathway activation, BCL2 overexpression, and reduced carboplatin-induced apoptosis; these were confirmed by in vitro functional experiments. Furthermore, in vivo experiments in an animal model demonstrated that combination therapy with carboplatin and a fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor promoted cell death in HGSC xenografts. Taken together, these observations reveal a specific subpopulation of HGSC cells that is associated with clinical chemoresistance, which may lead to the establishment of a histopathological prediction system for carboplatin response. Our findings may facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for platinum-resistant HGSC cells. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kansuke Kido
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nojima
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Laboratory of Human Immunology (Single Cell Genomics), WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nomura
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaharu Kohara
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Sato
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Ohshima
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Tahara
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masako Kurashige
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Umeda
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takashima
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kiyokawa
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koto Ukon
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Matsui
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Laboratory of Human Immunology (Single Cell Genomics), WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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10
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Nguyen LTH, Zhang J, Rima XY, Wang X, Kwak KJ, Okimoto T, Amann J, Yoon MJ, Shukuya T, Chiang C, Walters N, Ma Y, Belcher D, Li H, Palmer AF, Carbone DP, Lee LJ, Reátegui E. An immunogold single extracellular vesicular RNA and protein ( Au SERP) biochip to predict responses to immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer patients. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12258. [PMID: 36093740 PMCID: PMC9465631 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional PD-L1 immunohistochemical tissue biopsies only predict 20%-40% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients that will respond positively to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy. Herein, we present an immunogold biochip to quantify single extracellular vesicular RNA and protein (Au SERP) as a non-invasive alternative. With only 20 μl of purified serum, PD-1/PD-L1 proteins on the surface of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and EV PD-1/PD-L1 messenger RNA (mRNA) cargo were detected at a single-vesicle resolution and exceeded the sensitivities of their bulk-analysis conventional counterparts, ELISA and qRT-PCR, by 1000 times. By testing a cohort of 27 non-responding and 27 responding NSCLC patients, Au SERP indicated that the single-EV mRNA biomarkers surpass the single-EV protein biomarkers in predicting patient responses to immunotherapy. Dual single-EV PD-1/PD-L1 mRNA detection differentiated responders from non-responders with an accuracy of 72.2% and achieved an NSCLC diagnosis accuracy of 93.2%, suggesting the potential for Au SERP to provide enhanced immunotherapy predictions and cancer diagnoses within the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luong T. H. Nguyen
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe OhioState UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe OhioState UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Xilal Y. Rima
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe OhioState UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Xinyu Wang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe OhioState UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | | | - Tamio Okimoto
- Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Joseph Amann
- Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Min Jin Yoon
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe OhioState UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Takehito Shukuya
- Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- Department of Respiratory MedicineJuntendo UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Chi‐Ling Chiang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe OhioState UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Nicole Walters
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe OhioState UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Yifan Ma
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe OhioState UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Donald Belcher
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe OhioState UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Hong Li
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe OhioState UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Andre F. Palmer
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe OhioState UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - David P. Carbone
- Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - L. James Lee
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe OhioState UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- Spot Biosystems Ltd.Palo AltoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Eduardo Reátegui
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe OhioState UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
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11
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Sharafeldin M, Hein R, Davis JJ. Catalysed amplification of faradaic shotgun tagging in ultrasensitive electrochemical immunoassays. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9472-9475. [PMID: 35942942 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03509j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a novel electrochemical protein quantitation based on the shotgun biotin tagging of proteins prior to their interfacial immunocapture and polymeric enzyme tagging. The highly amplified faradaic signals generated from a novel ferrocene-tyramine adduct enable fg mL-1 (attomolar) levels of detection and span cross a 5 orders of magnitude dynamic range. This work supports ultrasensitive protein marker detection in a single antibody immunoassay format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Sharafeldin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - Robert Hein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - Jason J Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
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12
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Kuczkiewicz-Siemion O, Sokół K, Puton B, Borkowska A, Szumera-Ciećkiewicz A. The Role of Pathology-Based Methods in Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches to Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153833. [PMID: 35954496 PMCID: PMC9367614 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immunotherapy has become the filar of modern oncological treatment, and programmed death-ligand 1 expression is one of the primary immune markers assessed by pathologists. However, there are still some issues concerning the evaluation of the marker and limited information about the interaction between the tumour and associated immune cells. Recent studies have focused on cancer immunology to try to understand the complex tumour microenvironment, and multiplex imaging methods are more widely used for this purpose. The presented article aims to provide an overall review of a different multiplex in situ method using spectral imaging, supported by automated image-acquisition and software-assisted marker visualisation and interpretation. Multiplex imaging methods could improve the current understanding of complex tumour-microenvironment immunology and could probably help to better match patients to appropriate treatment regimens. Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors, including those concerning programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1), have revolutionised the cancer therapy approach in the past decade. However, not all patients benefit from immunotherapy equally. The prediction of patient response to this type of therapy is mainly based on conventional immunohistochemistry, which is limited by intraobserver variability, semiquantitative assessment, or single-marker-per-slide evaluation. Multiplex imaging techniques and digital image analysis are powerful tools that could overcome some issues concerning tumour-microenvironment studies. This novel approach to biomarker assessment offers a better understanding of the complicated interactions between tumour cells and their environment. Multiplex labelling enables the detection of multiple markers simultaneously and the exploration of their spatial organisation. Evaluating a variety of immune cell phenotypes and differentiating their subpopulations is possible while preserving tissue histology in most cases. Multiplexing supported by digital pathology could allow pathologists to visualise and understand every cell in a single tissue slide and provide meaning in a complex tumour-microenvironment contexture. This review aims to provide an overview of the different multiplex imaging methods and their application in PD-L1 biomarker assessment. Moreover, we discuss digital imaging techniques, with a focus on slide scanners and software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kuczkiewicz-Siemion
- Department of Pathology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
- Diagnostic Hematology Department, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (O.K.-S.); (A.S.-C.)
| | - Kamil Sokół
- Diagnostic Hematology Department, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Puton
- Department of Pathology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Borkowska
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Szumera-Ciećkiewicz
- Department of Pathology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (O.K.-S.); (A.S.-C.)
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13
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Marsh-Wakefield F, Ferguson AL, Liu K, Santhakumar C, McCaughan G, Palendira U. Approaches to spatially resolving the tumour immune microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2022; 14:17588359221113270. [PMID: 35898965 PMCID: PMC9310213 DOI: 10.1177/17588359221113270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common and deadly cancer worldwide. Many factors contribute to mortality and place an individual at high risk of developing HCC, including viral infection, alcohol intake, metabolic-associated disease, autoimmunity and genetic liver disorders. Although there are many therapeutics available, much about this disease remains to be understood. This is most evident when investigating the tumour microenvironment (TME). Both innate and adaptive immune cells have been associated with carcinogenesis within the TME of HCC patients. The ability to interrogate the TME more thoroughly with spatial technologies continues to improve, both at the experimental and analytical stages. This review provides insight into technologies available to investigate the TME, and how such technologies are beneficial for improving our understanding of HCC carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Marsh-Wakefield
- Liver Injury & Cancer Program, Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
- Human Immunology Laboratory, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Angela L Ferguson
- Liver Injury & Cancer Program, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Human Immunology Laboratory, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ken Liu
- Liver Injury & Cancer Program, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- A.W. Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cositha Santhakumar
- Liver Injury & Cancer Program, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- A.W. Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Geoffrey McCaughan
- Liver Injury & Cancer Program, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- A.W. Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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14
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A panoptic review of techniques for finfish disease diagnosis: The status quo and future perspectives. J Microbiol Methods 2022; 196:106477. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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15
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Sato S. Protein Chemical Modification Using Highly Reactive Species and Spatial Control of Catalytic Reactions. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2022; 70:95-105. [PMID: 35110442 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein bioconjugation has become an increasingly important research method for introducing artificial functions in to protein with various applications, including therapeutics and biomaterials. Due to its amphiphilic nature, only a few tyrosine residues are exposed on the protein surface. Therefore, tyrosine residue has attracted attention as suitable targets for site-specific modification, and it is the most studied amino acid residue for modification reactions other than lysine and cysteine residues. In this review, we present the progress of our tyrosine chemical modification studies over the past decade. We have developed several different catalytic approaches to selectively modify tyrosine residues using peroxidase, laccase, hemin, and ruthenium photocatalysts. In addition to modifying tyrosine residues by generating radical species through single-electron transfer, we have developed a histidine modification method that utilizes singlet oxygen generated by photosensitizers. These highly reactive chemical species selectively modify proteins in close proximity to the enzyme/catalyst. Taking advantage of the spatially controllable reaction fields, we have developed novel methods for site-specific antibody modification, detecting hotspots of oxidative stress, and target identification of bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Sato
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University
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16
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Abstract
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) offers a valuable method for determining the spatial distribution of proteins in cells and tissues. Fixation of tissues prior IHC enables their long-term stability and preserves tissue morphology; however, downstream analysis of protein localization within fixed samples can be complicated by cross-links formed between proteins during formalin fixation which mask target epitopes. Antigen Retrieval (AR) is a process introduced to reverse such cross-links, improving the sensitivity of antibody-based protein detection, and can be performed using protease- or heat-based approaches. Even following AR, low abundance target proteins may require additional amplification for sensitive visualization. The development of amplification approaches such as the use of biotinylated secondary antibodies with avidin-biotin complex and tyramide signal amplification greatly improve the sensitivity of IHC, enabling a wider range of epitopes to be detected when coupled with AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Dunkenberger
- Neurological Cancer Research, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Luis Del Valle
- Department of Pathology and Medicine & Louisiana Cancer Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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17
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Lim SH, Sung YJ, Jo N, Lee NY, Kim KS, Lee DY, Kim NS, Lee J, Byun JY, Shin YB, Lee JR. Nanoplasmonic immunosensor for the detection of SCG2, a candidate serum biomarker for the early diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorder. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22764. [PMID: 34815513 PMCID: PMC8610996 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02262-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural circuits of the infant brain are rapidly established near 6 months of age, but neurodevelopmental disorders can be diagnosed only at the age of 2-3 years using existing diagnostic methods. Early diagnosis is very important to alleviate life-long disability in patients through appropriate early intervention, and it is imperative to develop new diagnostic methods for early detection of neurodevelopmental disorders. We examined the serum level of secretogranin II (SCG2) in pediatric patients to evaluate its potential role as a biomarker for neurodevelopmental disorders. A plasmonic immunosensor performing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on a gold nanodot array was developed to detect SCG2 in small volumes of serum. This nanoplasmonic immunosensor combined with tyramide signal amplification was highly sensitive to detect SCG2 in only 5 μL serum samples. The analysis using the nanoplasmonic immunosensor revealed higher serum SCG2 levels in pediatric patients with developmental delay than in the control group. Overexpression or knockdown of SCG2 in hippocampal neurons significantly attenuated dendritic arborization and synaptic formation. These results suggest that dysregulated SCG2 expression impairs neural development. In conclusion, we developed a highly sensitive nanoplasmonic immunosensor to detect serum SCG2, a candidate biomarker for the early diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Hee Lim
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Yun-Ju Sung
- BioNanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Narae Jo
- BioNano Health Guard Research Center (H-GUARD), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Na-Yoon Lee
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea.,Department of Bio-Molecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Shim Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Da Yong Lee
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Nam-Soon Kim
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Jeehun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Ju-Young Byun
- BioNanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
| | - Yong-Beom Shin
- BioNanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea. .,BioNano Health Guard Research Center (H-GUARD), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
| | - Jae-Ran Lee
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
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18
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Zhang XK, Yang HM, Li MR, Gao XY, Sun XW, Sun XF, Tang JB. Development of site-specific antibody-conjugated immunoliposomes for sensitive detection of disease biomarkers. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:17648-17654. [PMID: 34664606 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04659d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Liposome-based immunoassay (LIA) is an attractive protocol for amplifying the detection signals because of the excellent ability of liposomes to encapsulate signal marker compounds. The antigen-binding activity of the conjugated antibodies on the liposomal surface is crucial for the specificity and sensitivity of LIA. We present here a general platform to ensure that antibodies can conjugate onto the surface of liposomes in a site-specific and oriented manner. A His-handle-modified antibody with Fc region-specific and covalent conjugation was first fabricated using a photoactivatable ZBpa-His tag that was engineered using the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase/suppressor tRNA technique. Based on the high affinity between the His tag and divalent metal ions, the novel His-modified antibody was oriented onto the surface of nickel ion-modified liposomes encapsulating horseradish peroxidase. With the prostate-specific antigen as a model, the detection efficiency of the new immunoliposomes was evaluated by chemiluminescence immunoassay. The immunoliposomes exhibited a limit of detection of 0.2 pg mL-1, which was a six time improvement compared with that of the chemical-coupled antibody-liposome conjugates. Thus, the proposed immunoliposomes are expected to hold potential applications for the sensitive detection of various biomarkers in complicated serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Kun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Hong-Ming Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Meng-Ran Li
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Xiao-Yi Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Xiao-Wei Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xi-Feng Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261031, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jin-Bao Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong Province, China.
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19
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Pang L, Ernst M, Huynh J. Development of a Multiplex Immunohistochemistry Workflow to Investigate the Immune Microenvironment in Mouse Models of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colon Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011001. [PMID: 34681666 PMCID: PMC8539370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) enables simultaneous staining of multiple immune markers on a single tissue section. Mounting studies have demonstrated the versatility of mIHC in evaluating immune infiltrates in different diseases and the tumour microenvironment (TME). However, the majority of published studies are limited to the analysis of human patient samples. Performing mIHC on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) mouse tissues, particularly with sensitive antigens, remain challenging. The aim of our study was to develop a robust and reproducible protocol to uncover the immune landscape in mouse FFPE tissues. Effective antibody stripping while maintaining sensitivity to antigens and tissue adhesion to the glass slide is critical in developing an mIHC panel to allow successive rounds of staining. Thus, we identified a highly efficient stripping method that preserves signal intensity and antigenicity to allow multiple rounds of staining. We subsequently optimised an mIHC workflow with antibodies specific against CD4, CD8α, FOXP3 and B220 to identify distinct T and B cell populations on mouse FFPE tissues. Lastly, the application of this mIHC panel was validated in a mouse model of inflammatory bowel cancer, two allograft mouse models of spontaneous colon adenocarcinoma and a sporadic mouse model of colon cancer. Together, these demonstrate the utility of the aforementioned protocol in establishing the quantity and spatial localisation of immune cells in different pathological tissues.
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20
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Boisson A, Noël G, Saiselet M, Rodrigues-Vitória J, Thomas N, Fontsa ML, Sofronii D, Naveaux C, Duvillier H, Craciun L, Larsimont D, Awada A, Detours V, Willard-Gallo K, Garaud S. Fluorescent Multiplex Immunohistochemistry Coupled With Other State-Of-The-Art Techniques to Systematically Characterize the Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:673042. [PMID: 34621785 PMCID: PMC8490683 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.673042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our expanding knowledge of the interactions between tumor cells and their microenvironment has helped to revolutionize cancer treatments, including the more recent development of immunotherapies. Immune cells are an important component of the tumor microenvironment that influence progression and treatment responses, particularly to the new immunotherapies. Technological advances that help to decipher the complexity and diversity of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) are increasingly used in translational research and biomarker studies. Current techniques that facilitate TIME evaluation include flow cytometry, multiplex bead-based immunoassays, chromogenic immunohistochemistry (IHC), fluorescent multiplex IHC, immunofluorescence, and spatial transcriptomics. This article offers an overview of our representative data, discusses the application of each approach to studies of the TIME, including their advantages and challenges, and reviews the potential clinical applications. Flow cytometry and chromogenic and fluorescent multiplex IHC were used to immune profile a HER2+ breast cancer, illustrating some points. Spatial transcriptomic analysis of a luminal B breast tumor demonstrated that important additional insight can be gained from this new technique. Finally, the development of a multiplex panel to identify proliferating B cells, Tfh, and Tfr cells on the same tissue section demonstrates their co-localization in tertiary lymphoid structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Boisson
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Grégory Noël
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Noémie Thomas
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mireille Langouo Fontsa
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Doïna Sofronii
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Céline Naveaux
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hugues Duvillier
- Flow Cytometry Facility, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ligia Craciun
- Department of Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Denis Larsimont
- Department of Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ahmad Awada
- Oncology Medicine Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Karen Willard-Gallo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Soizic Garaud
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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21
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Li N, Zhao T, Cao Y, Zhang H, Peng L, Wang Y, Zhou X, Wang Q, Li J, Yan M, Dong X, Zhao H, Li P. Tangshen Formula Attenuates Diabetic Kidney Injury by Imparting Anti-pyroptotic Effects via the TXNIP-NLRP3-GSDMD Axis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:623489. [PMID: 33584307 PMCID: PMC7880163 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.623489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that Tangshen formula (TSF), a Chinese herbal medicine for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) therapy, imparts renal protective effects. However, the underlying mechanisms of these effects remain unclear. Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death that can be triggered by the NLRP3 inflammasome. Recently, the association between the pyroptosis of renal resident cells and DKD was established, but with limited evidence. This study aimed to investigate whether the renal protective effects of TSF are related to its anti-pyroptotic effect. DKD rats established by right uninephrectomy plus a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ and HK-2 cells stimulated by AGEs were used. In vivo, TSF reduced the 24 h urine protein (24 h UP) of DKD rats and alleviated renal pathological changes. Meanwhile, the increased expression of pyroptotic executor (GSDMD) and NLRP3 inflammasome pathway molecules (NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β) located in the tubules of DKD rats were downregulated with TSF treatment. In vitro, we confirmed the existence of pyroptosis in AGE-stimulated HK-2 cells and the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. TSF reduced pyroptosis and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in a dosage-dependent manner. Then, we used nigericin to determine that TSF imparts anti-pyroptotic effects by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome. Finally, we found that TSF reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) expression in AGE-stimulated HK-2 cells. More importantly, TSF decreased the colocalization of TXNIP and NLRP3, indicating that ROS-TXNIP may be the target of TSF. In summary, the anti-pyroptotic effect via the TXNIP-NLRP3-GSDMD axis may be an important mechanism of TSF for DKD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongtong Cao
- Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haojun Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meihua Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hailing Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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22
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Karakaidos P, Rampias T. Monitoring of Active Notch Signaling in Mouse Bladder Urothelium. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2346:121-134. [PMID: 33190186 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2020_339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Notch signaling plays a crucial role in differentiation and homeostasis in a wide variety of epithelia. The tumor suppressor role of Notch in bladder urothelium is well accepted as the inactivation of this pathway due to damaging mutations in its components is associated with neoplastic transformation. Monitoring Notch signaling is therefore critical to understand how the deregulation of cell-cell communication can lead to differentiation loss and carcinogenesis. In this chapter, we provide a method to visualize active Notch signaling by the detection of the nuclear levels of Notch intracellular domain in mouse urothelium. The technique outlined below is characterized by high sensitivity and specificity and has been successfully applied to human tumor specimens. In this context, this technique could be used to characterize the molecular profile of Notch-deficient tumors and analyze the clonal expansion dynamics and the heterogeneity patterns of Notch inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Theodoros Rampias
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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23
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Cho Y, Seo J, Sim Y, Chung J, Park CE, Park CG, Kim D, Chang JB. FRACTAL: Signal amplification of immunofluorescence via cyclic staining of target molecules. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:23506-23513. [PMID: 33215627 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05800a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we demonstrate fluorescent signal amplification via cyclic staining of target molecules (FRACTAL), a technique that can amplify the signal intensity of immunofluorescence staining more than nine-fold via simple cyclic staining of secondary antibodies. We also show that FRACTAL is compatible with four-color imaging and expansion microscopy imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehlin Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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24
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García-Maceira T, García-Maceira FI, González-Reyes JA, Paz-Rojas E. Highly enhanced ELISA sensitivity using acetylated chitosan surfaces. BMC Biotechnol 2020; 20:41. [PMID: 32814567 PMCID: PMC7437170 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-020-00640-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), is the most widely used and reliable clinical routine method for the detection of important protein markers in healthcare. Improving ELISAs is crucial for detecting biomolecules relates to health disorders and facilitating diagnosis at the early diseases stages. Several methods have been developed to improve the ELISA sensitivity through immobilization of antibodies on the microtiter plates. We have developed a highly sensitive ELISA strategy based on the preparation of acetylated chitosan surfaces in order to improve the antibodies orientation. Results Chitin surfaces were obtained by mixing small quantities of chitosan and acetic anhydride in each well of a microtiter plate. Anti-c-myc 9E10 low affinity antibody fused to ChBD was cloned and expressed in CHO cells obtaining the anti-c-myc-ChBD antibody. We found that anti c-myc-ChBD binds specifically to the chitin surfaces in comparison with anti-c-myc 9E10, which did not. Chitin surface was used to develop a sandwich ELISA to detect the chimeric human protein c-myc-GST-IL8 cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The ELISA assays developed on chitin surfaces were 6-fold more sensitive than those performed on standard surface with significant differences (p<0,0001). Conclusions As shown here, acetylated chitosan surfaces improve the antibody orientation on the substrate and constitute a suitable method to replace the standard surfaces given the stability over time and the low cost of its preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania García-Maceira
- Canvax Biotech; Parque Científico y Tecnológico Rabanales 21, c/Astrónoma Cecilia Payne s/n, Edificio Canvax, 14014, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Fé I García-Maceira
- Canvax Biotech; Parque Científico y Tecnológico Rabanales 21, c/Astrónoma Cecilia Payne s/n, Edificio Canvax, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José A González-Reyes
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Elier Paz-Rojas
- Canvax Biotech; Parque Científico y Tecnológico Rabanales 21, c/Astrónoma Cecilia Payne s/n, Edificio Canvax, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
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25
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Yaghoobi V, Martinez-Morilla S, Liu Y, Charette L, Rimm DL, Harigopal M. Advances in quantitative immunohistochemistry and their contribution to breast cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 20:509-522. [PMID: 32178550 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1743178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Automated image analysis provides an objective, quantitative, and reproducible method of measurement of biomarkers. Image quantification is particularly well suited for the analysis of tissue microarrays which has played a major pivotal role in the rapid assessment of molecular biomarkers. Data acquired from grinding up bulk tissue samples miss spatial information regarding cellular localization; therefore, methods that allow for spatial cell phenotyping at high resolution have proven to be valuable in many biomarker discovery assays. Here, we focus our attention on breast cancer as an example of a tumor type that has benefited from quantitative biomarker studies using tissue microarray format.Areas covered: The history of immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry and the current status of these techniques, including multiplexing technologies (spectral and non-spectral) and image analysis software will be addressed. Finally, we will turn our attention to studies that have provided proof-of-principle evidence that have been impacted from the use of these techniques.Expert opinion: Assessment of prognostic and predictive biomarkers on tissue sections and TMA using Quantitative immunohistochemistry is an important advancement in the investigation of biologic markers. The challenges in standardization of quantitative technologies for accurate assessment are required for adoption into routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesal Yaghoobi
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Yuting Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lori Charette
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David L Rimm
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Malini Harigopal
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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26
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Saldarriaga OA, Freiberg B, Krishnan S, Rao A, Burks J, Booth AL, Dye B, Utay N, Ferguson M, Akil A, Yi M, Beretta L, Stevenson HL. Multispectral Imaging Enables Characterization of Intrahepatic Macrophages in Patients With Chronic Liver Disease. Hepatol Commun 2020; 4:708-723. [PMID: 32363321 PMCID: PMC7193134 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic macrophages influence the composition of the microenvironment, host immune response to liver injury, and development of fibrosis. Compared with stellate cells, the role of macrophages in the development of fibrosis remains unclear. Multispectral imaging allows detection of multiple markers in situ in human formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue. This cutting‐edge technology is ideal for analyzing human liver tissues, as it allows spectral unmixing of fluorophore signals, subtraction of auto‐fluorescence, and preservation of hepatic architecture. We analyzed five different antibodies commonly observed on macrophage populations (CD68, MAC387, CD163, CD14, and CD16). After optimization of the monoplex stains and development of a Spectral Library, we combined all of the antibodies into a multiplex protocol and used them to stain biopsies collected from representative patients with chronic liver diseases, including chronic hepatitis C, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and autoimmune hepatitis. Various imaging modalities were tested, including cell phenotyping, tissue segmentation, t‐distributed stochastic neighbor embedding plots, and phenotype matrices that facilitated comparison and visualization of the identified macrophage and other cellular profiles. We then tested the feasibility of this platform to analyze numerous regions of interest from liver biopsies with multiple patients per group, using batch analysis algorithms. Five populations showed significant differences between patients positive for hepatitis C virus with advanced fibrosis when compared with controls. Three of these were significantly increased in patients with advanced fibrosis when compared to controls, and these included CD163+CD16+, CD68+, and CD68+MAC387+. Conclusion: Spectral imaging microscopy is a powerful tool that enables in situ analysis of macrophages and other cells in human liver biopsies and may lead to more personalized therapeutic approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Santhoshi Krishnan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston TX.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI
| | - Arvind Rao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston TX.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI.,Department of Radiation Oncology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI
| | - Jared Burks
- Department of Leukemia University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX
| | - Adam L Booth
- Department of Pathology University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX
| | - Bradley Dye
- Department of Pathology University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX
| | - Netanya Utay
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston TX
| | - Monique Ferguson
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX
| | - Abdellah Akil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX
| | - Minkyung Yi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX
| | - Laura Beretta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX
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27
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Abstract
Multiplexed imaging platforms to simultaneously detect multiple epitopes in the same tissue section emerged in the last years as very powerful tools to study tumor immune contexture. These revolutionary technologies are providing a deep methodology for tumor evaluation in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) to improve the understanding of tumor microenvironment, new targets for treatment, prognostic and predictive biomarkers, and translational studies. Multiplexed imaging platforms allow for the identification of several antigens simultaneously from a single tissue section, core needle biopsies, and tissue microarrays. In recent years, multiplexed imaging has improved the abilities to characterize the different types of cell populations in malignant and non-malignant tissues, and their spatial distribution in relationship to clinical outcomes. Multiplexed technologies associated with digital image analysis software offer a high-quality throughput assay to study cancer specimens at multiple time points before, during and after treatment. The aim of this chapter is to provide a review of multiplexed imaging covering its fundamentals, advantages, disadvantages, and material and methods for staining applied to FFPE tumor tissues and focusing on the use of multiplex immunofluorescence with tyramine signal amplification staining for immune profiling and translational research.
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28
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Schmidt FI. From atoms to physiology: what it takes to really understand inflammasomes. J Physiol 2019; 597:5335-5348. [PMID: 31490557 DOI: 10.1113/jp277027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid inflammatory responses to cytosolic threats are mediated by inflammasomes - large macromolecular signalling complexes that control the activation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, as well as cell death by pyroptosis. Different inflammasome sensors are activated by diverse direct and indirect signals, and subsequently nucleate the polymerization of the adaptor molecule ASC to form signalling platforms macroscopically observed as ASC specks. Caspase-1 is autocatalytically activated at these sites and subsequently matures pro-inflammatory cytokines and the pore-forming effector molecule gasdermin D. While most molecules and basic assembly principles have been deduced from reductionist experimental systems, we still lack fundamental information on the structure and regulation of these complexes in their physiological environment and in the interplay with other signalling pathways. In this review, novel experimental approaches are proposed, including some that rely on nanobodies and single domain antibodies, to understand inflammasome assembly and regulation in the context of the relevant tissues or cells.
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29
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Huang MS, Lin WC, Chang JH, Cheng CH, Wang HY, Mou KY. The cysteine-free single mutant C32S of APEX2 is a highly expressed and active fusion tag for proximity labeling applications. Protein Sci 2019; 28:1703-1712. [PMID: 31306516 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
APEX2, an engineered ascorbate peroxidase for high activity, is a powerful tool for proximity labeling applications. Owing to its lack of disulfides and the calcium-independent activity, APEX2 can be applied intracellularly for targeted electron microscopy imaging or interactome mapping when fusing to a protein of interest. However, APEX2 fusion is often deleterious to the protein expression, which seriously hampers its wide utility. This problem is especially compelling when APEX2 is fused to structurally delicate proteins, such as multi-pass membrane proteins. In this study, we found that a cysteine-free single mutant C32S of APEX2 dramatically improved the expression of fusion proteins in mammalian cells without compromising the enzyme activity. We fused APEX2 and APEX2C32S to four multi-transmembrane solute carriers (SLCs), SLC1A5, SLC6A5, SLC6A14, and SLC7A1, and compared their expressions in stable HEK293T cell lines. Except the SLC6A5 fusions expressing at decent levels for both APEX2 (70%) and APEX2C32S (73%), other three SLC proteins showed significantly better expression when fusing to APEX2C32S (69 ± 13%) than APEX2 (29 ± 15%). Immunofluorescence and western blot experiments showed correct plasma membrane localization and strong proximity labeling efficiency in all four SLC-APEX2C32S cells. Enzyme kinetic experiments revealed that APEX2 and APEX2C32S have comparable activities in terms of oxidizing guaiacol. Overall, we believe APEX2C32S is a superior fusion tag to APEX2 for proximity labeling applications, especially when mismatched disulfide bonding or poor expression is a concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Sen Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ching Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Hsuan Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hung Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han Ying Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kurt Yun Mou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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30
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Antonov SA, Novosadova EV, Kobylansky AG, Tarantul VZ, Grivennikov IA. A Hybrid Detection Method Based on Peroxidase-mediated Signal Amplification and Click Chemistry for Highly Sensitive Background-free Immunofluorescent Staining. J Histochem Cytochem 2019; 67:771-782. [PMID: 31294668 DOI: 10.1369/0022155419864113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction is increasingly used for detection of various macromolecules and metabolites in biological samples. Here, we present a detailed analysis of the CuAAC reaction conditions in cells and tissue sections. Using the optimized CuAAC conditions, we have devised a highly sensitive immunostaining technique, based on the tyramide signal amplification/catalyzed reporter deposition (TSA/CARD) method with a novel alkyne tyramide substrate. The described method offers improved detection threshold compared to conventional immunofluorescent staining and produces significantly lower non-specific background than TSA/CARD with fluorescent tyramides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav A Antonov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Andrey G Kobylansky
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Igor A Grivennikov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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31
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State-of-the-Art of Profiling Immune Contexture in the Era of Multiplexed Staining and Digital Analysis to Study Paraffin Tumor Tissues. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020247. [PMID: 30791580 PMCID: PMC6406364 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiplexed platforms for multiple epitope detection have emerged in the last years as very powerful tools to study tumor tissues. These revolutionary technologies provide important visual techniques for tumor examination in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens to improve the understanding of the tumor microenvironment, promote new treatment discoveries, aid in cancer prevention, as well as allowing translational studies to be carried out. The aim of this review is to highlight the more recent methodologies that use multiplexed staining to study simultaneous protein identification in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissues for immune profiling, clinical research, and potential translational analysis. New multiplexed methodologies, which permit the identification of several proteins at the same time in one single tissue section, have been developed in recent years with the ability to study different cell populations, cells by cells, and their spatial distribution in different tumor specimens including whole sections, core needle biopsies, and tissue microarrays. Multiplexed technologies associated with image analysis software can be performed with a high-quality throughput assay to study cancer specimens and are important tools for new discoveries. The different multiplexed technologies described in this review have shown their utility in the study of cancer tissues and their advantages for translational research studies and application in cancer prevention and treatments.
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32
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Li W, Zeng W, Chen Y, Wang F, Wu F, Weng X, Zhou X. Biotinylation and isolation of an RNA G-quadruplex based on its peroxidase-mimicking activity. Analyst 2019; 144:4472-4476. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an00353c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The selective biotinylation of RNA G-quadruplexes can be used for pulling down RNA G-quadruplexes from an RNA mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education
- The Institute for Advanced Studies
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology
- Wuhan University
| | - Weiwu Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education
- The Institute for Advanced Studies
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology
- Wuhan University
| | - Yi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education
- The Institute for Advanced Studies
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology
- Wuhan University
| | - Fang Wang
- Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430071
- China
| | - Fan Wu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education
- The Institute for Advanced Studies
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology
- Wuhan University
| | - Xiaocheng Weng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education
- The Institute for Advanced Studies
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology
- Wuhan University
| | - Xiang Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education
- The Institute for Advanced Studies
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology
- Wuhan University
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33
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Yan L, Chen J, Zhu X, Sun J, Wu X, Shen W, Zhang W, Tao Q, Meng A. Maternal Huluwa dictates the embryonic body axis through β-catenin in vertebrates. Science 2018; 362:362/6417/eaat1045. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aat1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate body is formed by cell movements and shape change during embryogenesis. It remains undetermined which maternal signals govern the formation of the dorsal organizer and the body axis. We found that maternal depletion of huluwa, a previously unnamed gene, causes loss of the dorsal organizer, the head, and the body axis in zebrafish and Xenopus embryos. Huluwa protein is found on the plasma membrane of blastomeres in the future dorsal region in early zebrafish blastulas. Huluwa has strong dorsalizing and secondary axis–inducing activities, which require β-catenin but can function independent of Wnt ligand/receptor signaling. Mechanistically, Huluwa binds to and promotes the tankyrase-mediated degradation of Axin. Therefore, maternal Huluwa is an essential determinant of the dorsal organizer and body axis in vertebrate embryos.
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34
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de Wit S, Zeune LL, Hiltermann TJN, Groen HJM, Dalum GV, Terstappen LWMM. Classification of Cells in CTC-Enriched Samples by Advanced Image Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10100377. [PMID: 30308977 PMCID: PMC6210778 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10100377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the CellSearch® system, blood is immunomagnetically enriched for epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) expression and cells are stained with the nucleic acid dye 4′6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), Cytokeratin-PE (CK), and CD45-APC. Only DAPI+/CK+ objects are presented to the operator to identify circulating tumor cells (CTC) and the identity of all other cells and potential undetected CTC remains unrevealed. Here, we used the open source imaging program Automatic CTC Classification, Enumeration and PhenoTyping (ACCEPT) to analyze all DAPI+ nuclei in EpCAM-enriched blood samples obtained from 192 metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and 162 controls. Significantly larger numbers of nuclei were detected in 300 patient samples with an average and standard deviation of 73,570 ± 74,948, as compared to 359 control samples with an average and standard deviation of 4191 ± 4463 (p < 0.001). In patients, only 18% ± 21% and in controls 23% ± 15% of the nuclei were identified as leukocytes or CTC. Adding CD16-PerCP for granulocyte staining, the use of an LED as the light source for CD45-APC excitation and plasma membrane staining obtained with wheat germ agglutinin significantly improved the classification of EpCAM-enriched cells, resulting in the identification of 94% ± 5% of the cells. However, especially in patients, the origin of the unidentified cells remains unknown. Further studies are needed to determine if undetected EpCAM+/DAPI+/CK-/CD45- CTC is present among these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne de Wit
- Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, University of Twente, 7522 NH Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Leonie L Zeune
- Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, University of Twente, 7522 NH Enschede, The Netherlands.
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Twente, 7522 NH Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - T Jeroen N Hiltermann
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Harry J M Groen
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Guus van Dalum
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Leon W M M Terstappen
- Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, University of Twente, 7522 NH Enschede, The Netherlands.
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35
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Schellino R, Boido M, Borsello T, Vercelli A. Pharmacological c-Jun NH 2-Terminal Kinase (JNK) Pathway Inhibition Reduces Severity of Spinal Muscular Atrophy Disease in Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:308. [PMID: 30233310 PMCID: PMC6131195 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder that occurs in early childhood. The disease is caused by the deletion/mutation of the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene resulting in progressive skeletal muscle atrophy and paralysis, due to the degeneration of spinal motor neurons (MNs). Currently, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying MN death are only partly known, although recently it has been shown that the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK)-signaling pathway might be involved in the SMA pathogenesis. After confirming the activation of JNK in our SMA mouse model (SMN2+/+; SMNΔ7+/+; Smn−/−), we tested a specific JNK-inhibitor peptide (D-JNKI1) on these mice, by chronic administration from postnatal day 1 to 10, and histologically analyzed the spinal cord and quadriceps muscle at age P12. We observed that D-JNKI1 administration delayed MN death and decreased inflammation in spinal cord. Moreover, the inhibition of JNK pathway improved the trophism of SMA muscular fibers and the size of the neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), leading to an ameliorated innervation of the muscles that resulted in improved motor performances and hind-limb muscular tone. Finally, D-JNKI1 treatment slightly, but significantly increased lifespan in SMA mice. Thus, our results identify JNK as a promising target to reduce MN cell death and progressive skeletal muscle atrophy, providing insight into the role of JNK-pathway for developing alternative pharmacological strategies for the treatment of SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Schellino
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marina Boido
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,National Institute of Neuroscience (INN), Turin, Italy
| | - Tiziana Borsello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vercelli
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,National Institute of Neuroscience (INN), Turin, Italy
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36
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Siliņa K, Burkhardt C, Casanova R, Solterman A, van den Broek M. A Quantitative Pathology Approach to Analyze the Development of Human Cancer-Associated Tertiary Lymphoid Structures. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1845:71-86. [PMID: 30141008 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8709-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) develop in the human tumor microenvironment and correlate with prolonged survival in most cancer types. We recently demonstrated that TLS development follows sequential maturation stages and culminates in the generation of a germinal center (GC) reaction. This maturation process is crucial for the prognostic relevance of TLS in lung and colorectal cancer patients.The mechanisms underlying TLS development in various inflammatory conditions or their functional relevance in tumor immunity are not fully understood. Investigating which cell types and soluble mediators orchestrate lymphoid neogenesis in human tissues requires a method that allows simultaneous detection of multiple markers.Here, we describe a quantitative pathology approach to identify and quantify different TLS maturation stages in combination with other parameters. This approach consists of seven-color immunofluorescence protocol using tyramide signal amplification combined with multispectral microscopy and quantitative data acquisition from histological images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karīna Siliņa
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Chiara Burkhardt
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruben Casanova
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alex Solterman
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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37
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Kraft CL, Rappaport JA, Snook AE, Pattison AM, Lynch JP, Waldman SA. GUCY2C maintains intestinal LGR5 + stem cells by opposing ER stress. Oncotarget 2017; 8:102923-102933. [PMID: 29262534 PMCID: PMC5732700 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-lived multipotent stem cells (ISCs) at the base of intestinal crypts adjust their phenotypes to accommodate normal maintenance and post-injury regeneration of the epithelium. Their long life, lineage plasticity, and proliferative potential underlie the necessity for tight homeostatic regulation of the ISC compartment. In that context, the guanylate cyclase C (GUCY2C) receptor and its paracrine ligands regulate intestinal epithelial homeostasis, including proliferation, lineage commitment, and DNA damage repair. However, a role for this axis in maintaining ISCs remains unknown. Transgenic mice enabling analysis of ISCs (Lgr5-GFP) in the context of GUCY2C elimination (Gucy2c–/–) were combined with immunodetection techniques and pharmacological treatments to define the role of the GUCY2C signaling axis in supporting ISCs. ISCs were reduced in Gucy2c–/– mice, associated with loss of active Lgr5+ cells but a reciprocal increase in reserve Bmi1+ cells. GUCY2C was expressed in crypt base Lgr5+ cells in which it mediates canonical cyclic (c) GMP-dependent signaling. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, typically absent from ISCs, was elevated throughout the crypt base in Gucy2c–/– mice. The chemical chaperone tauroursodeoxycholic acid resolved this ER stress and restored the balance of ISCs, an effect mimicked by the GUCY2C effector 8Br-cGMP. Reduced ISCs in Gucy2c–/–mice was associated with greater epithelial injury and impaired regeneration following sub-lethal doses of irradiation. These observations suggest that GUCY2C provides homeostatic signals that modulate ER stress and cell vulnerability as part of the machinery contributing to the integrity of ISCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal L Kraft
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Rappaport
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America, PA, USA
| | - Adam E Snook
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America, PA, USA
| | - Amanda M Pattison
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America, PA, USA
| | - John P Lynch
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America, PA, USA
| | - Scott A Waldman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States of America, PA, USA
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38
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Einarson OJ, Sen D. Self-biotinylation of DNA G-quadruplexes via intrinsic peroxidase activity. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:9813-9822. [PMID: 28973477 PMCID: PMC5737693 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The striking and ubiquitous in vitro affinity between hemin and DNA/RNA G-quadruplexes raises the intriguing possibility of its relevance to biology. To date, no satisfactory experimental framework has been reported for investigating such a possibility. Complexation by G-quadruplexes leads to activation of the bound hemin toward catalysis of 1- and 2-electron oxidative reactions, with phenolic compounds being particularly outstanding substrates. We report here a strategy for exploiting that intrinsic peroxidase activity of hemin•G-quadruplex complexes for self-biotinylation of their G-quadruplex component. Such self-biotinylation occurs with good efficiency and high discrimination in vitro, being specific for G-quadruplexes and not for duplexes. The biotinylated DNA, moreover, remains amenable to polymerase chain reaction amplification, rendering it suitable for analysis by ChIP-Seq and related methods. We anticipate that this self-biotinylation methodology will also serve as a sensitive tool, orthogonal to existing ones, for identifying, labeling and pulling down cellular RNA and DNA G-quadruplexes in general, as well as proteins bound to or proximal to such quadruplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen J Einarson
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Dipankar Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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39
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Luan C, Xu Y, Fu F, Wang H, Xu Q, Chen B, Zhao Y. Responsive photonic barcodes for sensitive multiplex bioassay. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:14111-14117. [PMID: 28902202 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04867j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Barcodes have a demonstrated value for multiplex high-throughput bioassays. The tendency of this technology is to pursue high sensitivity target screening. Herein, we presented a new type of inverse opal-structured poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) hydrogel photonic crystal (PhC) barcodes with the function of fluorescent signal self-amplification for the detection. During the bio-reaction process at body temperature, the pNIPAM hydrogel barcodes kept swelling, and their inverse opal structure with interconnected pores provided unblocked channels for the targets to diffuse into the voids of the barcodes and react. During the detection process, the barcodes were kept at a volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) to shrink their volume; this resulted in an obvious increase in the density of fluorescent molecules and signal amplification. It was demonstrated that the responsive barcodes could achieve the limits of detection (LOD) of α-fetoprotein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) at 0.623 ng mL-1 and 0.492 ng mL-1, respectively. In addition, the proposed barcodes showed good multiplex detection capacity with acceptable cross-reactivity, accuracy, and reproducibility, and the results were consistent with those of common clinical laboratory methods for the detection of clinical samples. These features of the inverse opal-structured responsive hydrogel barcodes indicate that they are ideal technology for high-sensitive multiplex bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxin Luan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology (Key Department of Jiangsu Medicine), Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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40
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Li P, Wuthrick E, Rappaport JA, Kraft C, Lin JE, Marszalowicz G, Snook AE, Zhan T, Hyslop TM, Waldman SA. GUCY2C Signaling Opposes the Acute Radiation-Induced GI Syndrome. Cancer Res 2017; 77:5095-5106. [PMID: 28916678 PMCID: PMC5678756 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
High doses of ionizing radiation induce acute damage to epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, mediating toxicities restricting the therapeutic efficacy of radiation in cancer and morbidity and mortality in nuclear disasters. No approved prophylaxis or therapy exists for these toxicities, in part reflecting an incomplete understanding of mechanisms contributing to the acute radiation-induced GI syndrome (RIGS). Guanylate cyclase C (GUCY2C) and its hormones guanylin and uroguanylin have recently emerged as one paracrine axis defending intestinal mucosal integrity against mutational, chemical, and inflammatory injury. Here, we reveal a role for the GUCY2C paracrine axis in compensatory mechanisms opposing RIGS. Eliminating GUCY2C signaling exacerbated RIGS, amplifying radiation-induced mortality, weight loss, mucosal bleeding, debilitation, and intestinal dysfunction. Durable expression of GUCY2C, guanylin, and uroguanylin mRNA and protein by intestinal epithelial cells was preserved following lethal irradiation inducing RIGS. Oral delivery of the heat-stable enterotoxin (ST), an exogenous GUCY2C ligand, opposed RIGS, a process requiring p53 activation mediated by dissociation from MDM2. In turn, p53 activation prevented cell death by selectively limiting mitotic catastrophe, but not apoptosis. These studies reveal a role for the GUCY2C paracrine hormone axis as a novel compensatory mechanism opposing RIGS, and they highlight the potential of oral GUCY2C agonists (Linzess; Trulance) to prevent and treat RIGS in cancer therapy and nuclear disasters. Cancer Res; 77(18); 5095-106. ©2017 AACR.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/radiation effects
- Cell Proliferation/radiation effects
- Colonic Neoplasms/enzymology
- Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
- Colonic Neoplasms/radiotherapy
- Female
- Gamma Rays/adverse effects
- Gastrointestinal Hormones/metabolism
- Gastrointestinal Tract/radiation effects
- Humans
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome/enzymology
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome/etiology
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome/prevention & control
- Lymphoma/enzymology
- Lymphoma/pathology
- Lymphoma/radiotherapy
- Male
- Melanoma, Experimental/enzymology
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Melanoma, Experimental/radiotherapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Natriuretic Peptides/metabolism
- Paracrine Communication/radiation effects
- Radiation Injuries, Experimental/enzymology
- Radiation Injuries, Experimental/etiology
- Radiation Injuries, Experimental/prevention & control
- Receptors, Enterotoxin
- Receptors, Guanylate Cyclase-Coupled/metabolism
- Receptors, Peptide/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/radiation effects
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Evan Wuthrick
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jeff A Rappaport
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Crystal Kraft
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jieru E Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Glen Marszalowicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Adam E Snook
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tingting Zhan
- Divisions of Clinical Pharmacology and Biostatistics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Terry M Hyslop
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Scott A Waldman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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41
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Wienholz F, Vermeulen W, Marteijn JA. Amplification of unscheduled DNA synthesis signal enables fluorescence-based single cell quantification of transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:e68. [PMID: 28088761 PMCID: PMC5436002 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) comprises two damage recognition pathways: global genome NER (GG-NER) and transcription-coupled NER (TC-NER), which remove a wide variety of helix-distorting lesions including UV-induced damage. During NER, a short stretch of single-stranded DNA containing damage is excised and the resulting gap is filled by DNA synthesis in a process called unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS). UDS is measured by quantifying the incorporation of nucleotide analogues into repair patches to provide a measure of NER activity. However, this assay is unable to quantitatively determine TC-NER activity due to the low contribution of TC-NER to the overall NER activity. Therefore, we developed a user-friendly, fluorescence-based single-cell assay to measure TC-NER activity. We combined the UDS assay with tyramide-based signal amplification to greatly increase the UDS signal, thereby allowing UDS to be quantified at low UV doses, as well as DNA-repair synthesis of other excision-based repair mechanisms such as base excision repair and mismatch repair. Importantly, we demonstrated that the amplified UDS is sufficiently sensitive to quantify TC-NER-derived repair synthesis in GG-NER-deficient cells. This assay is important as a diagnostic tool for NER-related disorders and as a research tool for obtaining new insights into the mechanism and regulation of excision repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Wienholz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Vermeulen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen A Marteijn
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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42
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Nussbaum O, Bar Oz M, Tilayov T, Atiya H, Dagan S. A signal amplification probe enhances sensitivity of antibodies and aptamers based Immuno-diagnostic assays. J Immunol Methods 2017; 448:85-90. [PMID: 28614699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
One major unmet need is improving the sensitivity of immune-diagnostic assays. This is particularly important in the field of biomarker discoveries and monitoring. We have established a novel signal amplification probe system enabling a highly sensitive target detection platform to be used in immuno-assays. The probe consists of a double stranded DNA that can carry a large number of signaling elements such as biotin or fluorescent molecules. The DNA probe anchors to the recognition unit, whether an antibody or an aptamer, by covalent conjugation or by a simple and rapid molecular association process. Binding curves obtained by using the DNA amplification probe are dose dependent and linear over a wide range of antigen concentration. The optimal slopes are characterized by high signals and low background increasing the assay sensitivity and reducing the limit of detection by up to 10-fold compared to biotinylated antibodies commonly used in ELISA systems. When using aptamers in combination with the amplification probe for antigen recognition, the limit of detection is comparable to that obtained by biotinylated antibodies. Biotin labeled aptamers practically cannot be used for detection of low target levels. The DNA amplification probe system enables to expand the range of diagnostic assays including clinical samples and meet research needs.
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