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Bjørnetrø T, Bousquet PA, Redalen KR, Trøseid AMS, Lüders T, Stang E, Sanabria AM, Johansen C, Fuglestad AJ, Kersten C, Meltzer S, Ree AH. Next-generation sequencing reveals mitogenome diversity in plasma extracellular vesicles from colorectal cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:650. [PMID: 37438741 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent reports have demonstrated that the entire mitochondrial genome can be secreted in extracellular vesicles (EVs), but the biological attributes of this cell-free mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) remain insufficiently understood. We used next-generation sequencing to compare plasma EV-derived mtDNA to that of whole blood (WB), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue from eight rectal cancer patients and WB and fresh-frozen (FF) tumor tissue from eight colon cancer patients. METHODS Total DNA was isolated before the mtDNA was enriched by PCR with either two primer sets generating two long products or multiple primer sets (for the FFPE tumors), prior to the sequencing. mtDNA diversity was assessed as the total variant number, level of heteroplasmy (mutant mtDNA copies mixed with wild-type copies), variant distribution within the protein-coding genes, and the predicted functional effect of the variants in the different sample types. Differences between groups were compared by paired Student's t-test or ANOVA with Dunnett's multiple comparison tests when comparing matched samples from patients. Mann-Whitney U test was used when comparing differences between the cancer types and patient groups. Pearson correlation analysis was performed. RESULTS In both cancer types, EV mtDNA presented twice as many variants and had significantly more low-level heteroplasmy than WB mtDNA. The EV mtDNA variants were clustered in the coding regions, and the proportion of EV mtDNA variants that were missense mutations (i.e., estimated to moderately affect the mitochondrial protein function) was significantly higher than in WB and tumor tissues. Nonsense mutations (i.e., estimated to highly affect the mitochondrial protein function) were only observed in the tumor tissues and EVs. CONCLUSION Taken together, plasma EV mtDNA in CRC patients exhibits a high degree of diversity. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01816607 . Registered 22 March 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonje Bjørnetrø
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, P.O. Box 1000, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway.
| | - Paula A Bousquet
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, P.O. Box 1000, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Kathrine Røe Redalen
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Torben Lüders
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Stang
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adriana M Sanabria
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, P.O. Box 1000, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Christin Johansen
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, P.O. Box 1000, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Anniken Jørlo Fuglestad
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, P.O. Box 1000, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research, Southern Hospital Trust, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Christian Kersten
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, P.O. Box 1000, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
- Department of Research, Southern Hospital Trust, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Sebastian Meltzer
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, P.O. Box 1000, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Anne Hansen Ree
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, P.O. Box 1000, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Krieger KL, Mann EK, Lee KJ, Bolterstein E, Jebakumar D, Ittmann MM, Dal Zotto VL, Shaban M, Sreekumar A, Gassman NR. Spatial mapping of the DNA adducts in cancer. DNA Repair (Amst) 2023; 128:103529. [PMID: 37390674 PMCID: PMC10330576 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2023.103529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
DNA adducts and strand breaks are induced by various exogenous and endogenous agents. Accumulation of DNA damage is implicated in many disease processes, including cancer, aging, and neurodegeneration. The continuous acquisition of DNA damage from exogenous and endogenous stressors coupled with defects in DNA repair pathways contribute to the accumulation of DNA damage within the genome and genomic instability. While mutational burden offers some insight into the level of DNA damage a cell may have experienced and subsequently repaired, it does not quantify DNA adducts and strand breaks. Mutational burden also infers the identity of the DNA damage. With advances in DNA adduct detection and quantification methods, there is an opportunity to identify DNA adducts driving mutagenesis and correlate with a known exposome. However, most DNA adduct detection methods require isolation or separation of the DNA and its adducts from the context of the nuclei. Mass spectrometry, comet assays, and other techniques precisely quantify lesion types but lose the nuclear context and even tissue context of the DNA damage. The growth in spatial analysis technologies offers a novel opportunity to leverage DNA damage detection with nuclear and tissue context. However, we lack a wealth of techniques capable of detecting DNA damage in situ. Here, we review the limited existing in situ DNA damage detection methods and examine their potential to offer spatial analysis of DNA adducts in tumors or other tissues. We also offer a perspective on the need for spatial analysis of DNA damage in situ and highlight Repair Assisted Damage Detection (RADD) as an in situ DNA adduct technique with the potential to integrate with spatial analysis and the challenges to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko L Krieger
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Translational Metabolism and Health Disparities (C-TMH), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elise K Mann
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Kevin J Lee
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Elyse Bolterstein
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL 60625, USA
| | - Deborah Jebakumar
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, TX 76508, USA; Texas A&M College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76508, USA
| | - Michael M Ittmann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Human Tissue Acquisition & Pathology Shared Resource, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Valeria L Dal Zotto
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Mohamed Shaban
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Arun Sreekumar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Translational Metabolism and Health Disparities (C-TMH), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Natalie R Gassman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Villani R, Sangineto M, Pontrelli P, Bellanti F, Bukke VN, Moola A, Gesualdo L, Vendemiale G, Grandaliano G, Stallone G, Serviddio G. Eradication of HCV by direct antiviral agents restores mitochondrial function and energy homeostasis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22650. [PMID: 36394523 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200629r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) adopts several immune evasion mechanisms such as interfering with innate immunity or promoting T-cell exhaustion. However, the recent direct-antiviral agents (DAAs) rapidly eliminate the virus, and the repercussions in terms of immune system balance are unknown. Here we compared the PBMCs transcriptomic profile of patients with HCV chronic infection at baseline (T0) and 12 weeks after the end of the therapy (SVR12) with DAAs. 3862 genes were differently modulated, identifying oxidative phosphorylation as the top canonical pathway differentially activated. Therefore, we dissected PBMCs bioenergetic profile by analyzing mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis at 4 timepoints: T0, 4 weeks of therapy, end of therapy (EoT), and SVR12. Maximal and reserve respiratory capacity considerably increased at EoT, persisting until SVR12. Notably, over time a significant increase was observed in respiratory chain (RC) complexes protein levels and the enzymatic activity of complexes I, II, and IV. Mitochondrial-DNA integrity improved over time, and the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis key regulators such as TFAM, Nrf-1, and PPARGC1A significantly increased at SVR12; hence, RC complexes synthesis and mitochondrial respiration were supported after treatment. HCV clearance with DAAS profoundly changed PBMCs bioenergetic profile, suggesting the immunometabolism study as a new approach to the understanding of viral immune evasion mechanisms and host adaptations during infections and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Villani
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Moris Sangineto
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Paola Pontrelli
- Experimental Biology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Bellanti
- Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vidyasagar N Bukke
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Archana Moola
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, 'Aldo Moro' University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Vendemiale
- Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grandaliano
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, 'Aldo Moro' University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stallone
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Gaetano Serviddio
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Akbari M, Nilsen HL, Montaldo NP. Dynamic features of human mitochondrial DNA maintenance and transcription. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:984245. [PMID: 36158192 PMCID: PMC9491825 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.984245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the primary sites for cellular energy production and are required for many essential cellular processes. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a 16.6 kb circular DNA molecule that encodes only 13 gene products of the approximately 90 different proteins of the respiratory chain complexes and an estimated 1,200 mitochondrial proteins. MtDNA is, however, crucial for organismal development, normal function, and survival. MtDNA maintenance requires mitochondrially targeted nuclear DNA repair enzymes, a mtDNA replisome that is unique to mitochondria, and systems that control mitochondrial morphology and quality control. Here, we provide an overview of the current literature on mtDNA repair and transcription machineries and discuss how dynamic functional interactions between the components of these systems regulate mtDNA maintenance and transcription. A profound understanding of the molecular mechanisms that control mtDNA maintenance and transcription is important as loss of mtDNA integrity is implicated in normal process of aging, inflammation, and the etiology and pathogenesis of a number of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Akbari
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hilde Loge Nilsen
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Unit for precision medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Nordbyhagen, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nicola Pietro Montaldo
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Nicola Pietro Montaldo,
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Bousquet PA, Meltzer S, Fuglestad AJ, Lüders T, Esbensen Y, Juul HV, Johansen C, Lyckander LG, Bjørnetrø T, Inderberg EM, Kersten C, Redalen KR, Ree AH. The mitochondrial DNA constitution shaping T-cell immunity in patients with rectal cancer at high risk of metastatic progression. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:1157-1167. [PMID: 34961902 PMCID: PMC9107448 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02756-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A significant percentage of colorectal cancer patients proceeds to metastatic disease. We hypothesised that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphisms, generated by the high mtDNA mutation rate of energy-demanding clonal immune cell expansions and assessable in peripheral blood, reflect how efficiently systemic immunity impedes metastasis. PATIENTS AND METHODS We studied 44 rectal cancer patients from a population-based prospective biomarker study, given curative-intent neoadjuvant radiation and radical surgery for high-risk tumour stage and followed for metastatic failure. Blood specimens were sampled at the time of diagnosis and analysed for the full-length mtDNA sequence, composition of immune cell subpopulations and damaged serum mtDNA. RESULTS Whole blood total mtDNA variant number above the median value for the study cohort, coexisting with an mtDNA non-H haplogroup, was representative for the mtDNA of circulating immune cells and associated with low risk of a metastatic event. Abundant mtDNA variants correlated with proliferating helper T cells and cytotoxic effector T cells in the circulation. Patients without metastatic progression had high relative levels of circulating tumour-targeting effector T cells and, of note, the naïve (LAG-3+) helper T-cell population, with the proportion of LAG-3+ cells inversely correlating with cell-free damaged mtDNA in serum known to cause antagonising inflammation. CONCLUSION Numerous mtDNA polymorphisms in peripheral blood reflected clonal expansion of circulating helper and cytotoxic T-cell populations in patients without metastatic failure. The statistical associations suggested that patient's constitutional mtDNA manifests the helper T-cell capacity to mount immunity that controls metastatic susceptibility. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01816607; registration date: 22 March 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Bousquet
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway
| | - S Meltzer
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway
| | - A J Fuglestad
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Treatment, Sørlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - T Lüders
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway
| | - Y Esbensen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway
| | - H V Juul
- Department of Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - C Johansen
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway
| | - L G Lyckander
- Department of Pathology, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway
| | - T Bjørnetrø
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway
| | - E M Inderberg
- Department of Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - C Kersten
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Treatment, Sørlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - K R Redalen
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - A H Ree
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Application of Gamma Ray-Responsive Genes for Transcriptome-Based Phytodosimetry in Rice. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050968. [PMID: 34067996 PMCID: PMC8152246 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptome-based dose–response curves were recently applied to the phytodosimetry of gamma radiation in a dicot plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, as an alternative biological assessment of genotoxicity using DNA damage response (DDR) genes. In the present study, we characterized gamma ray-responsive marker genes for transcriptome-based phytodosimetry in a monocot plant, rice (Oryza sativa L.), and compared different phytodosimetry models between rice and Arabidopsis using gamma-H2AX, comet, and quantitative transcriptomic assays. The transcriptome-based dose–response curves of four marker genes (OsGRG, OsMutS, OsRAD51, and OsRPA1) were reliably fitted to quadratic or exponential decay equations (r2 > 0.99). However, the single or integrated dose–response curves of these genes were distinctive from the conventional models obtained by the gamma-H2AX or comet assays. In comparison, rice displayed a higher dose-dependency in the comet signal and OsRAD51 transcription, while the gamma-H2AX induction was more dose-dependent in Arabidopsis. The dose-dependent transcriptions of the selected gamma-ray-inducible marker genes, including OsGRG, OsMutS, OsRAD51, and OsRPA1 in rice and AtGRG, AtPARP1, AtRAD51, and AtRPA1E in Arabidopsis, were maintained similarly at different vegetative stages. These results suggested that the transcriptome-based phytodosimetry model should be further corrected with conventional genotoxicity- or DDR-based models despite the high reliability or dose-dependency of the model. In addition, the relative weighting of each gene in the integrated transcriptome-based dose–response model using multiple genes needs to be considered based on the trend and amplitude of the transcriptional change.
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Alkyladenine DNA glycosylase associates with transcription elongation to coordinate DNA repair with gene expression. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5460. [PMID: 31784530 PMCID: PMC6884549 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13394-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Base excision repair (BER) initiated by alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG) is essential for removal of aberrantly methylated DNA bases. Genome instability and accumulation of aberrant bases accompany multiple diseases, including cancer and neurological disorders. While BER is well studied on naked DNA, it remains unclear how BER efficiently operates on chromatin. Here, we show that AAG binds to chromatin and forms complex with RNA polymerase (pol) II. This occurs through direct interaction with Elongator and results in transcriptional co-regulation. Importantly, at co-regulated genes, aberrantly methylated bases accumulate towards the 3′end in regions enriched for BER enzymes AAG and APE1, Elongator and active RNA pol II. Active transcription and functional Elongator are further crucial to ensure efficient BER, by promoting AAG and APE1 chromatin recruitment. Our findings provide insights into genome stability maintenance in actively transcribing chromatin and reveal roles of aberrantly methylated bases in regulation of gene expression. How genome stability is maintained at regions of active transcription is currently not entirely clear. Here, the authors reveal an association between base excision repair factors and transcription elongation to modulate DNA repair.
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Rodinova M, Krizova J, Stufkova H, Bohuslavova B, Askeland G, Dosoudilova Z, Juhas S, Juhasova J, Ellederova Z, Zeman J, Eide L, Motlik J, Hansikova H. Deterioration of mitochondrial bioenergetics and ultrastructure impairment in skeletal muscle of a transgenic minipig model in the early stages of Huntington's disease. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.038737. [PMID: 31278192 PMCID: PMC6679385 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.038737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle wasting and atrophy is one of the more severe clinical impairments resulting from the progression of Huntington's disease (HD). Mitochondrial dysfunction may play a significant role in the etiology of HD, but the specific condition of mitochondria in muscle has not been widely studied during the development of HD. To determine the role of mitochondria in skeletal muscle during the early stages of HD, we analyzed quadriceps femoris muscle from 24-, 36-, 48- and 66-month-old transgenic minipigs that expressed the N-terminal portion of mutated human huntingtin protein (TgHD) and age-matched wild-type (WT) siblings. We found altered ultrastructure of TgHD muscle tissue and mitochondria. There was also significant reduction of activity of citrate synthase and respiratory chain complexes (RCCs) I, II and IV, decreased quantity of oligomycin-sensitivity conferring protein (OSCP) and the E2 subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDHE2), and differential expression of optic atrophy 1 protein (OPA1) and dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) in the skeletal muscle of TgHD minipigs. Statistical analysis identified several parameters that were dependent only on HD status and could therefore be used as potential biomarkers of disease progression. In particular, the reduction of biomarker RCCII subunit SDH30 quantity suggests that similar pathogenic mechanisms underlie disease progression in TgHD minipigs and HD patients. The perturbed biochemical phenotype was detectable in TgHD minipigs prior to the development of ultrastructural changes and locomotor impairment, which become evident at the age of 48 months. Mitochondrial disturbances may contribute to energetic depression in skeletal muscle in HD, which is in concordance with the mobility problems observed in this model.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Rodinova
- Laboratory for Study of Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12108 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Krizova
- Laboratory for Study of Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12108 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Stufkova
- Laboratory for Study of Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12108 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Bozena Bohuslavova
- Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Cell Plasticity, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, 27721 Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Georgina Askeland
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Zaneta Dosoudilova
- Laboratory for Study of Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12108 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Juhas
- Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Cell Plasticity, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, 27721 Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Juhasova
- Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Cell Plasticity, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, 27721 Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Ellederova
- Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Cell Plasticity, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, 27721 Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Zeman
- Laboratory for Study of Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12108 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Lars Eide
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Motlik
- Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Cell Plasticity, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, 27721 Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hansikova
- Laboratory for Study of Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12108 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Zatopek KM, Potapov V, Maduzia LL, Alpaslan E, Chen L, Evans TC, Ong JL, Ettwiller LM, Gardner AF. RADAR-seq: A RAre DAmage and Repair sequencing method for detecting DNA damage on a genome-wide scale. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 80:36-44. [PMID: 31247470 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RAre DAmage and Repair sequencing (RADAR-seq) is a highly adaptable sequencing method that enables the identification and detection of rare DNA damage events for a wide variety of DNA lesions at single-molecule resolution on a genome-wide scale. In RADAR-seq, DNA lesions are replaced with a patch of modified bases that can be directly detected by Pacific Biosciences Single Molecule Real-Time (SMRT) sequencing. RADAR-seq enables dynamic detection over a wide range of DNA damage frequencies, including low physiological levels. Furthermore, without the need for DNA amplification and enrichment steps, RADAR-seq provides sequencing coverage of damaged and undamaged DNA across an entire genome. Here, we use RADAR-seq to measure the frequency and map the location of ribonucleotides in wild-type and RNaseH2-deficient E. coli and Thermococcus kodakarensis strains. Additionally, by tracking ribonucleotides incorporated during in vivo lagging strand DNA synthesis, we determined the replication initiation point in E. coli, and its relation to the origin of replication (oriC). RADAR-seq was also used to map cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) in Escherichia coli (E. coli) genomic DNA exposed to UV-radiation. On a broader scale, RADAR-seq can be applied to understand formation and repair of DNA damage, the correlation between DNA damage and disease initiation and progression, and complex biological pathways, including DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Zatopek
- New England Biolabs, Inc., 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA, 01938 USA
| | - Vladimir Potapov
- New England Biolabs, Inc., 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA, 01938 USA
| | - Lisa L Maduzia
- New England Biolabs, Inc., 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA, 01938 USA
| | - Ece Alpaslan
- New England Biolabs, Inc., 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA, 01938 USA
| | - Lixin Chen
- New England Biolabs, Inc., 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA, 01938 USA
| | - Thomas C Evans
- New England Biolabs, Inc., 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA, 01938 USA
| | - Jennifer L Ong
- New England Biolabs, Inc., 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA, 01938 USA.
| | | | - Andrew F Gardner
- New England Biolabs, Inc., 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA, 01938 USA.
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Smatlikova P, Askeland G, Vaskovicova M, Klima J, Motlik J, Eide L, Ellederová Z. Age-Related Oxidative Changes in Primary Porcine Fibroblasts Expressing Mutated Huntingtin. NEURODEGENER DIS 2019; 19:22-34. [PMID: 31167196 DOI: 10.1159/000500091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Huntington's disease (HD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder caused by CAG triplet expansions in the huntingtin gene. Oxidative stress is linked to HD pathology, although it is not clear whether this is an effect or a mediator of disease. The transgenic (TgHD) minipig expresses the N-terminal part of human-mutated huntingtin and represents a unique model to investigate therapeutic strategies towards HD. A more detailed characterization of this model is needed to fully utilize its potential. METHODS In this study, we focused on the molecular and cellular features of fibroblasts isolated from TgHD minipigs and the wild-type (WT) siblings at different ages, pre-symptomatic at the age of 24-36 months and with the onset of behavioural symptoms at the age of 48 months. We measured oxidative stress, the expression of oxidative stress-related genes, proliferation capacity along with the expression of cyclin B1 and D1 proteins, cellular permeability, and the integrity of the nuclear DNA (nDNA) and mitochondrial DNA in these cells. RESULTS TgHD fibroblasts isolated from 48-month-old animals showed increased oxidative stress, which correlated with the overexpression of SOD2 encoding mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2, and the NEIL3 gene encoding DNA glycosylase involved in replication-associated repair of oxidized DNA. TgHD cells displayed an abnormal proliferation capacity and permeability. We further demonstrated increased nDNA damage in pre-symptomatic TgHD fibroblasts (isolated from animals aged 24-36 months). CONCLUSIONS Our results unravel phenotypic alterations in primary fibroblasts isolated from the TgHD minipig model at the age of 48 months. Importantly, nDNA damage appears to precede these phenotypic alterations. Our results highlight the impact of fibroblasts from TgHD minipigs in studying the molecular mechanisms of HD pathophysiology that gradually occur with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Smatlikova
- Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Plasticity, Research Center PIGMOD, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Libechov, Czechia.,Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Georgina Askeland
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michaela Vaskovicova
- Laboratory of DNA Integrity, Research Center PIGMOD, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Libechov, Czechia.,Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiri Klima
- Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Plasticity, Research Center PIGMOD, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Libechov, Czechia
| | - Jan Motlik
- Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Plasticity, Research Center PIGMOD, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Libechov, Czechia
| | - Lars Eide
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Zdenka Ellederová
- Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Plasticity, Research Center PIGMOD, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Libechov, Czechia,
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11
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Askeland G, Rodinova M, Štufková H, Dosoudilova Z, Baxa M, Smatlikova P, Bohuslavova B, Klempir J, Nguyen TD, Kuśnierczyk A, Bjørås M, Klungland A, Hansikova H, Ellederova Z, Eide L. A transgenic minipig model of Huntington's disease shows early signs of behavioral and molecular pathologies. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm.035949. [PMID: 30254085 PMCID: PMC6215428 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.035949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a monogenic, progressive, neurodegenerative disorder with currently no available treatment. The Libechov transgenic minipig model for HD (TgHD) displays neuroanatomical similarities to humans and exhibits slow disease progression, and is therefore more powerful than available mouse models for the development of therapy. The phenotypic characterization of this model is still ongoing, and it is essential to validate biomarkers to monitor disease progression and intervention. In this study, the behavioral phenotype (cognitive, motor and behavior) of the TgHD model was assessed, along with biomarkers for mitochondrial capacity, oxidative stress, DNA integrity and DNA repair at different ages (24, 36 and 48 months), and compared with age-matched controls. The TgHD minipigs showed progressive accumulation of the mutant huntingtin (mHTT) fragment in brain tissue and exhibited locomotor functional decline at 48 months. Interestingly, this neuropathology progressed without any significant age-dependent changes in any of the other biomarkers assessed. Rather, we observed genotype-specific effects on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage, mtDNA copy number, 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase activity and global level of the epigenetic marker 5-methylcytosine that we believe is indicative of a metabolic alteration that manifests in progressive neuropathology. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were relatively spared in the TgHD minipig, probably due to the lack of detectable mHTT. Our data demonstrate that neuropathology in the TgHD model has an age of onset of 48 months, and that oxidative damage and electron transport chain impairment represent later states of the disease that are not optimal for assessing interventions. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: Here, we show that a minipig model of Huntington's disease mimics human neurodegeneration and holds promise for future intervention studies. However, minipig peripheral blood mononuclear cells express no detectable mutant huntingtin, eliminating their use as monitoring tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Askeland
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marie Rodinova
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague 12808, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Štufková
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague 12808, Czech Republic
| | - Zaneta Dosoudilova
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague 12808, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Baxa
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague 12808, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Smatlikova
- Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Plasticity, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Libechov 27721, Czech Republic
| | - Bozena Bohuslavova
- Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Plasticity, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Libechov 27721, Czech Republic.,Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Klempir
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague 12821, Czech Republic
| | - The Duong Nguyen
- Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Plasticity, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Libechov 27721, Czech Republic.,Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Kuśnierczyk
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, PROMEC, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Magnar Bjørås
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, PROMEC, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arne Klungland
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hana Hansikova
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague 12808, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Ellederova
- Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Plasticity, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Libechov 27721, Czech Republic
| | - Lars Eide
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
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12
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Bousquet PA, Meltzer S, Sønstevold L, Esbensen Y, Dueland S, Flatmark K, Sitter B, Bathen TF, Seierstad T, Redalen KR, Eide L, Ree AH. Markers of Mitochondrial Metabolism in Tumor Hypoxia, Systemic Inflammation, and Adverse Outcome of Rectal Cancer. Transl Oncol 2018; 12:76-83. [PMID: 30273860 PMCID: PMC6170256 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia contributes to therapy resistance and metastatic progression of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). We postulated that the tumor mitochondrial metabolism, manifested by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage, reflects how hypoxic conditions connect to cancer-induced systemic inflammation and poor outcome. Levels of ROS and mtDNA damage were analyzed in three colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines cultured for 24 hours under normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (0.2% O2) and serum sampled at the time of diagnosis from 35 LARC patients participating in a prospective therapy study. Compared with normoxia, ROS were significantly repressed and mtDNA damage was significantly enhanced in the hypoxic CRC cell lines; hence, a low ratio of ROS to mtDNA damage was an indicator of hypoxic conditions. In the LARC patients, low serum ROS were associated with elevated levels of circulating carcinoembryonic antigen and tumor choline concentration, both indicative of unfavorable biology, as well as adverse progression-free and overall survival. A low ratio of ROS to mtDNA damage in serum was associated with poor local tumor response to the neoadjuvant treatment and, of note, elevated systemic inflammation factors (C-reactive protein, the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, and factors involved in tumor necrosis factor signaling), indicating that deficient treatment response locally and detrimental inflammation systemically link to a hypoxic mitochondrial metabolism. In conclusion, serum ROS and damaged mtDNA may be markers of the mitochondrial metabolism driven by the state of oxygenation of the primary tumor and possibly implicated in systemic inflammation and adverse outcome of LARC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula A Bousquet
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway; Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway.
| | - Sebastian Meltzer
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Linda Sønstevold
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway; Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway.
| | - Ying Esbensen
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway.
| | - Svein Dueland
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kjersti Flatmark
- Department of Tumor Biology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Beathe Sitter
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Tone Frost Bathen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Therese Seierstad
- Department of Radiology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kathrine Røe Redalen
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway; Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Lars Eide
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Anne Hansen Ree
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.
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13
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Wang X, Xu L, Li X, Chen J, Zhou W, Sun J, Wang Y. The differential effects of microcystin-LR on mitochondrial DNA in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 240:68-76. [PMID: 29729571 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is the most abundant toxicant among microcystin variants produced by cyanobacteria. MC-induced toxicity is broadly reported to pose a threat to aquatic animals and humans and has been associated with the dysfunction of some organs such as liver and kidney. However, MC-induced neurotoxicity has not been well characterized after long-term exposure. This study was designed to investigate the neurotoxic effects after chronic oral administration of MC-LR. In our trial, C57/BL6 mice received MC-LR at 0, 1, 5, 10, 20 and 40 μg/L in drinking water for twelve months. Our data demonstrated that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage was evident in the damaged neurons as a result of chronic exposure. Histopathological abnormalities and mtDNA damage were observed in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Furthermore, MC-LR exerted distinct effects on these two brain regions. The hippocampus was more susceptible to the treatment of MC-LR compared with the cerebral cortex. However, no strong relationships were observed between the genotoxic effects and exposure doses. In conclusion, this study has provided a mtDNA-related mechanism for underlying chronic neurotoxicity of MC-LR and suggested the presence of differential toxicant effects on the hippocampus and cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lizhi Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China; Experimental Center of Basic Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinxiu Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiapeng Sun
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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14
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Gassman NR, Holton NW. Targets for repair: detecting and quantifying DNA damage with fluorescence-based methodologies. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2018; 55:30-35. [PMID: 30114673 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie R Gassman
- University of South Alabama Mitchell Cancer Institute, 1660 Springhill Ave, Mobile, AL 36607, USA.
| | - Nathaniel W Holton
- University of South Alabama Mitchell Cancer Institute, 1660 Springhill Ave, Mobile, AL 36607, USA
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15
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Increased nuclear DNA damage precedes mitochondrial dysfunction in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from Huntington's disease patients. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9817. [PMID: 29959348 PMCID: PMC6026140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27985-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting the basal ganglia and is caused by expanded CAG repeats in the huntingtin gene. Except for CAG sizing, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (mtDNA and nDNA) parameters have not yet proven to be representative biomarkers for disease and future therapy. Here, we identified a general suppression of genes associated with aerobic metabolism in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from HD patients compared to controls. In HD, the complex II subunit SDHB was lowered although not sufficiently to affect complex II activity. Nevertheless, we found decreased level of factors associated with mitochondrial biogenesis and an associated dampening of the mitochondrial DNA damage frequency in HD, implying an early defect in mitochondrial activity. In contrast to mtDNA, nDNA from HD patients was four-fold more modified than controls and demonstrated that nDNA integrity is severely reduced in HD. Interestingly, the level of nDNA damage correlated inversely with the total functional capacity (TFC) score; an established functional score of HD. Our data show that PBMCs are a promising source to monitor HD progression and highlights nDNA damage and diverging mitochondrial and nuclear genome responses representing early cellular impairments in HD.
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16
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Ryu TH, Kim JK, Kim JI, Kim JH. Transcriptome-based biological dosimetry of gamma radiation in Arabidopsis using DNA damage response genes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2018; 181:94-101. [PMID: 29128690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plants are used as representative reference biota for the biological assessment of environmental risks such as ionizing radiation due to their immobility. This study proposed a faster, more economical, and more effective method than conventional cytogenetic methods for the biological dosimetry of ionizing radiation in plants (phytodosimetry). We compared various dose-response curves for the radiation-induced DNA damage response (DDR) in Arabidopsis thaliana after relatively "low-dose" gamma irradiation (3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 Gy) below tens of Gy using comet (or single-cell gel electrophoresis), gamma-H2AX, and transcriptomic assays of seven DDR genes (AGO2, BRCA1, GRG, PARP1, RAD17, RAD51, and RPA1E) using quantitative real time PCR. The DDR signal from the comet assay was saturated at 6 Gy, while the gamma-H2AX signal increased up to 48 Gy, following a linear-quadratic dose-response model. The transcriptional changes in the seven DDR genes were fitted to linear or supra-linear quadratic equations with significant dose-dependency. The dose-dependent transcriptional changes were maintained similarly until 24 h after irradiation. The integrated transcriptional dose-response model of AGO2, BRCA1, GRG, and PARP1 was very similar to that of gamma-H2AX, while the transcriptional changes in the BRCA1, GRG, and PARP1 DDR genes revealed significant dependency on the dose-rate, ecotype, and radiation dose. These results suggest that the transcriptome-based dose-response model fitted to a quadratic equation could be used practically for phytodosimetry instead of conventional cytogenetic models, such as the comet and gamma-H2AX assays. The effects of dose-rate and ecotype on the transcriptional changes of DDR genes should also be considered to improve the transcriptome-based phytodosimetry model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Ho Ryu
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kyu Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Il Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hong Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Pawar T, Bjørås M, Klungland A, Eide L. Metabolism and DNA repair shape a specific modification pattern in mitochondrial DNA. Mitochondrion 2017; 40:16-28. [PMID: 28893634 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) resides in the vicinity of energy-rich reactions. Thus, chemical modifications of mtDNA might mirror mitochondrial processes and could serve as biomarkers of metabolic processes in the mitochondria. This hypothesis was tested by assessing modifications at 17 different sites in the mtDNA as a function of cell type, oxidative stress and mitochondrial activity. Two mouse mutants with a metabolic phenotype were compared to wild-type (WT) mice: the ogg1-/- mouse that lacks the 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1), and the alkbh7-/- mouse missing the ALKBH7 protein that has been implicated in fatty acid oxidation. It was found that cell type, oxidative stress and mitochondrial complex activity shaped distinct modification patterns in mtDNA, and that OGG1 and ALKBH7 independently modulated these modification patterns. The modifications included ribonucleotides, which also accumulated in mtDNA with age. Interestingly, this age-dependent accumulation most likely involves DNA repair, as mtDNA from ogg1-/- mice did not accumulate modifications with age. On the other hand, alkbh7-/- mtDNA accumulated more modifications with age than WT mtDNA. Our results show that mtDNA is dynamically modified with metabolic activity and imply a novel synergy between metabolism and mtDNA repair proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Pawar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Magnar Bjørås
- Department of Microbiology, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway; Department of clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arne Klungland
- Department of Microbiology, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Eide
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway.
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18
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Gureev AP, Shaforostova EA, Starkov AA, Popov VN. Simplified qPCR method for detecting excessive mtDNA damage induced by exogenous factors. Toxicology 2017; 382:67-74. [PMID: 28286206 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a meaningful biomarker for evaluating genotoxicity of drugs and environmental toxins. Existing PCR methods utilize long mtDNA fragments (∼8-10kb), which complicates detecting exact sites of mtDNA damage. To identify the mtDNA regions most susceptible to damage, we have developed and validated a set of primers to amplify ∼2kb long fragments, while covering over 95% of mouse mtDNA. We have modified the detection method by greatly increasing the enrichment of mtDNA, which allows us solving the problem of non-specific primer annealing to nuclear DNA. To validate our approach, we have determined the most damage-susceptible mtDNA regions in mice treated in vivo and in vitro with rotenone and H2O2. The GTGR-sequence-enriched mtDNA segments located in the D-loop region were found to be especially susceptible to damage. Further, we demonstrate that H2O2-induced mtDNA damage facilitates the relaxation of mtDNA supercoiled conformation, making the sequences with minimal damage more accessible to DNA polymerase, which, in turn, results in a decrease in threshold cycle value. Overall, our modified PCR method is simpler and more selective to the specific sites of damage in mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem P Gureev
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Shaforostova
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Anatoly A Starkov
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Vasily N Popov
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
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