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Zhang L, Liu W, Zhang X, Li L, Wang X. Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus hijacks SNARE complex of its insect vector for its effective transmission to rice. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 22:1256-1270. [PMID: 34390118 PMCID: PMC8435234 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Vesicular trafficking is an important dynamic process that facilitates intracellular transport of biological macromolecules and their release into the extracellular environment. However, little is known about whether or how plant viruses utilize intracellular vesicles to their advantage. Here, we report that southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) enters intracellular vesicles in epithelial cells of its insect vector by engaging VAMP7 and Vti1a proteins in the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex. The major outer capsid protein P10 of SRBSDV was shown to interact with VAMP7 and Vti1a of the white-backed planthopper and promote the fusion of vesicles into a large vesicle, which finally fused with the plasma membrane to release virions from midgut epithelial cells. Downregulation of the expression of either VAMP7 or Vti1a did not affect viral entry and accumulation in the gut, but significantly reduced viral accumulation in the haemolymph. It also did not affect virus acquisition, but significantly reduced the virus transmission efficiency to rice. Our data reveal a critical mechanism by which a plant reovirus hijacks the vesicle transport system to overcome the midgut escape barrier in vector insects and provide new insights into the role of the SNARE complex in viral transmission and the potential for developing novel strategies of viral disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Wenwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaowan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
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Deshoux M, Monsion B, Uzest M. Insect cuticular proteins and their role in transmission of phytoviruses. Curr Opin Virol 2018; 33:137-143. [PMID: 30245214 PMCID: PMC6291435 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cuticular proteins play key roles in plant virus transmission. RR-1 and RR-2 are the main cuticular proteins involved in virus–vector interactions. RR-1 protein is involved in transmission of a noncirculative virus. RR-1 protein is involved in transmission of a circulative virus. The role of other cuticular proteins in virus transmission is poorly characterized.
Many viruses of agricultural importance are transmitted to host plants via insect vectors. Characterizing virus–vector interactions at the molecular level is essential if we are to fully understand the transmission mechanisms involved and develop new strategies to control viral spread. Hitherto, insect proteins involved in virus transmission have been characterized only poorly. Recent advances in this topic, however, have significantly filled this knowledge gap. Among the vector molecules identified, cuticular proteins have emerged as key molecules for plant virus transmission, regardless of transmission mode or vector considered. Here, we review recent evidence highlighting that the CPR family, and particularly RR-1 proteins, undoubtedly deserves special attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëlle Deshoux
- BGPI, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Baptiste Monsion
- BGPI, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Marilyne Uzest
- BGPI, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France.
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Drought reduces transmission of Turnip yellows virus, an insect-vectored circulative virus. Virus Res 2017; 241:131-136. [PMID: 28756104 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Application of a severe water deficit to Arabidopsis thaliana plants infected with a mutant of Turnip yellows virus (TuYV, Family Luteoviridae) triggers a significant alteration of several plant phenology traits and strongly reduces the transmission efficiency of the virus by aphids. Although virus accumulation in water-stressed plants was similar to that in plants grown under well-watered conditions, virus accumulation was reduced in aphids fed on plants under water deficit. These results suggest alteration of the aphid feeding behavior on plants under water deficit.
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Makarov VV, Kalinina NO. Structure and Noncanonical Activities of Coat Proteins of Helical Plant Viruses. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2016; 81:1-18. [PMID: 26885578 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The main function of virus coat protein is formation of the capsid that protects the virus genome against degradation. However, besides the structural function, coat proteins have many additional important activities in the infection cycle of the virus and in the defense response of host plants to viral infection. This review focuses on noncanonical functions of coat proteins of helical RNA-containing plant viruses with positive genome polarity. Analysis of data on the structural organization of coat proteins of helical viruses has demonstrated that the presence of intrinsically disordered regions within the protein structure plays an important role in implementation of nonstructural functions and largely determines the multifunctionality of coat proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Makarov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Kil EJ, Kim S, Lee YJ, Byun HS, Park J, Seo H, Kim CS, Shim JK, Lee JH, Kim JK, Lee KY, Choi HS, Lee S. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV-IL): a seed-transmissible geminivirus in tomatoes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19013. [PMID: 26743765 PMCID: PMC4705557 DOI: 10.1038/srep19013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is one of the most well-known tomato-infecting begomoviruses and transmitted by Bemisia tabaci. Seed transmission has previously been reported for some RNA viruses, but TYLCV has not previously been described as a seed-borne virus. In 2013 and 2014, without whitefly-mediated transmission, TYLCV was detected in young tomato plants germinated from fallen fruits produced from TYLCV-infected tomato plants in the previous cultivation season. In addition, TYLCV-Israel (TYLCV-IL) was also detected in seeds and their seedlings of TYLCV-infected tomato plants that were infected by both viruliferous whitefly-mediated transmission and agro-inoculation. The seed infectivity was 20-100%, respectively, and the average transmission rate to seedlings was also 84.62% and 80.77%, respectively. TYLCV-tolerant tomatoes also produced TYLCV-infected seeds, but the amount of viral genome was less than seen in TYLCV-susceptible tomato plants. When tomato plants germinated from TYLCV-infected seeds, non-viruliferous whiteflies and healthy tomato plants were placed in an insect cage together, TYLCV was detected from whiteflies as well as receiver tomato plants six weeks later. Taken together, TYLCV-IL can be transmitted via seeds, and tomato plants germinated from TYLCV-infected seeds can be an inoculum source of TYLCV. This is the first report about TYLCV seed transmission in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Joon Kil
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440–746, Korea
| | - Sunhoo Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440–746, Korea
| | - Ye-Ji Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440–746, Korea
- Crop Protection Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 565–851, Korea
| | - Hee-Seong Byun
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440–746, Korea
| | - Jungho Park
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440–746, Korea
| | - Haneul Seo
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440–746, Korea
| | - Chang-Seok Kim
- Crop Protection Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 565–851, Korea
| | - Jae-Kyoung Shim
- Institute of Plant Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702–701, Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Lee
- Research and Development Bureau, Chungcheongnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Yesan 340–861, Korea
| | - Ji-Kwang Kim
- Crop Protection Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 565–851, Korea
| | - Kyeong-Yeoll Lee
- Biological Resources Research Center, Gyeongsangbuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Andong 760–891, Korea
| | - Hong-Soo Choi
- Crop Protection Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 565–851, Korea
| | - Sukchan Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440–746, Korea
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Liu W, Gray S, Huo Y, Li L, Wei T, Wang X. Proteomic Analysis of Interaction between a Plant Virus and Its Vector Insect Reveals New Functions of Hemipteran Cuticular Protein. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:2229-42. [PMID: 26091699 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.046763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous viruses can be transmitted by their corresponding vector insects; however, the molecular mechanisms enabling virus transmission by vector insects have been poorly understood, especially the identity of vector components interacting with the virus. Here, we used the yeast two-hybrid system to study proteomic interactions of a plant virus (Rice stripe virus, RSV, genus Tenuivirus) with its vector insect, small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus). Sixty-six proteins of L. striatellus that interacted with the nucleocapsid protein (pc3) of RSV were identified. A virus-insect interaction network, constructed for pc3 and 29 protein homologs of Drosophila melanogaster, suggested that nine proteins might directly interact with pc3. Of the 66 proteins, five (atlasin, a novel cuticular protein, jagunal, NAC domain protein, and vitellogenin) were most likely to be involved in viral movement, replication, and transovarial transmission. This work also provides evidence that the novel cuticular protein, CPR1, from L. striatellus is essential for RSV transmission by its vector insect. CPR1 binds the nucleocapsid protein (pc3) of RSV both in vivo and in vitro and colocalizes with RSV in the hemocytes of L. striatellus. Knockdown of CPR1 transcription using RNA interference resulted in a decrease in the concentration of RSV in the hemolymph, salivary glands and in viral transmission efficiency. These data suggest that CPR1 binds RSV in the insect and stabilizes the viral concentration in the hemolymph, perhaps to protect the virus or to help move the virus to the salivary tissues. Our studies provide direct experimental evidence that viruses can use existing vector proteins to aid their survival in the hemolymph. Identifying these putative vector molecules should lead to a better understanding of the interactions between viruses and vector insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Liu
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Stewart Gray
- §USDA, ARS, Plant Protection Research Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Yan Huo
- ¶State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China; Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Li Li
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Taiyun Wei
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; §USDA, ARS, Plant Protection Research Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; ¶State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China; Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xifeng Wang
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
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Multiple functions of capsid proteins in (+) stranded RNA viruses during plant–virus interactions. Virus Res 2015; 196:140-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Klein E, Brault V, Klein D, Weyens G, Lefèbvre M, Ziegler-Graff V, Gilmer D. Divergence of host range and biological properties between natural isolate and full-length infectious cDNA clone of the Beet mild yellowing virus 2ITB. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2014; 15:22-30. [PMID: 23855287 PMCID: PMC6638831 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Plant infection by poleroviruses is restricted to phloem tissues, preventing any classical leaf rub inoculation with viral RNA or virions. Efficient virus inoculation to plants is achieved by viruliferous aphids that acquire the virus by feeding on infected plants. The use of promoter-driven infectious cDNA is an alternative means to infect plants and allows reverse genetic studies to be performed. Using Beet mild yellowing virus isolate 2ITB (BMYV-2ITB), we produced a full-length infectious cDNA clone of the virus (named BMYV-EK) placed under the control of the T7 RNA polymerase and the Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoters. Infectivity of the engineered BMYV-EK virus was assayed in different plant species and compared with that of the original virus. We showed that in vitro- or in planta-derived transcripts were infectious in protoplasts and in whole plants. Importantly, the natural aphid vector Myzus persicae efficiently transmitted the viral progeny produced in infected plants. By comparing agroinoculation and aphid infection in a host range assay, we showed that the engineered BMYV-EK virus displayed a similar host range to BMYV-2ITB, except for Nicotiana benthamiana, which proved to be resistant to systemic infection with BMYV-EK. Finally, both the BMYV-EK P0 and the full-length clone were able to strongly interfere with post-transcriptional gene silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Klein
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Laboratoire Propre du CNRS (UPR 2357) Conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084, Strasbourg, France; SESVanderHave, Industriepark 15, Soldatenplein Z2, 3300, Tienen, Belgium
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Abstract
The mechanisms and impacts of the transmission of plant viruses by insect vectors have been studied for more than a century. The virus route within the insect vector is amply documented in many cases, but the identity, the biochemical properties, and the structure of the actual molecules (or molecule domains) ensuring compatibility between them remain obscure. Increased efforts are required both to identify receptors of plant viruses at various sites in the vector body and to design competing compounds capable of hindering transmission. Recent trends in the field are opening questions on the diversity and sophistication of viral adaptations that optimize transmission, from the manipulation of plants and vectors ultimately increasing the chances of acquisition and inoculation, to specific "sensing" of the vector by the virus while still in the host plant and the subsequent transition to a transmission-enhanced state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Blanc
- INRA, UMR BGPI, CIRAD-INRA-SupAgro, CIRAD TA-A54K, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 05, France; , ,
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Lai-Kee-Him J, Schellenberger P, Dumas C, Richard E, Trapani S, Komar V, Demangeat G, Ritzenthaler C, Bron P. The backbone model of the Arabis mosaic virus reveals new insights into functional domains of Nepovirus capsid. J Struct Biol 2013; 182:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Gutiérrez S, Michalakis Y, Munster M, Blanc S. Plant feeding by insect vectors can affect life cycle, population genetics and evolution of plant viruses. Funct Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serafín Gutiérrez
- UMR BGPI, INRA‐CIRAD‐SupAgro, TA‐A54K Campus International de Baillarguet 34398 Montpellier Cedex 05 France
- UMR MIVEGEC 5290 CNRS‐IRD‐UM1‐UM2, IRD 911 Avenue Agropolis B.P. 64501 34394 Montpellier Cedex 05 France
| | - Yannis Michalakis
- UMR MIVEGEC 5290 CNRS‐IRD‐UM1‐UM2, IRD 911 Avenue Agropolis B.P. 64501 34394 Montpellier Cedex 05 France
| | - Manuella Munster
- UMR BGPI, INRA‐CIRAD‐SupAgro, TA‐A54K Campus International de Baillarguet 34398 Montpellier Cedex 05 France
| | - Stéphane Blanc
- UMR BGPI, INRA‐CIRAD‐SupAgro, TA‐A54K Campus International de Baillarguet 34398 Montpellier Cedex 05 France
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Blanc S, Uzest M, Drucker M. New research horizons in vector-transmission of plant viruses. Curr Opin Microbiol 2011; 14:483-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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A stretch of 11 amino acids in the betaB-betaC loop of the coat protein of grapevine fanleaf virus is essential for transmission by the nematode Xiphinema index. J Virol 2010; 84:7924-33. [PMID: 20519403 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00757-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) and Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) from the genus Nepovirus, family Secoviridae, cause a severe degeneration of grapevines. GFLV and ArMV have a bipartite RNA genome and are transmitted specifically by the ectoparasitic nematodes Xiphinema index and Xiphinema diversicaudatum, respectively. The transmission specificity of both viruses maps to their respective RNA2-encoded coat protein (CP). To further delineate the GFLV CP determinants of transmission specificity, three-dimensional (3D) homology structure models of virions and CP subunits were constructed based on the crystal structure of Tobacco ringspot virus, the type member of the genus Nepovirus. The 3D models were examined to predict amino acids that are exposed at the external virion surface, highly conserved among GFLV isolates but divergent between GFLV and ArMV. Five short amino acid stretches that matched these topographical and sequence conservation criteria were selected and substituted in single and multiple combinations by their ArMV counterparts in a GFLV RNA2 cDNA clone. Among the 21 chimeric RNA2 molecules engineered, transcripts of only three of them induced systemic plant infection in the presence of GFLV RNA1. Nematode transmission assays of the three viable recombinant viruses showed that swapping a stretch of (i) 11 residues in the betaB-betaC loop near the icosahedral 3-fold axis abolished transmission by X. index but was insufficient to restore transmission by X. diversicaudatum and (ii) 7 residues in the betaE-alphaB loop did not interfere with transmission by the two Xiphinema species. This study provides new insights into GFLV CP determinants of nematode transmission.
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Berry B, Deddouche S, Kirschner D, Imler JL, Antoniewski C. Viral suppressors of RNA silencing hinder exogenous and endogenous small RNA pathways in Drosophila. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5866. [PMID: 19516905 PMCID: PMC2689938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Accepted: 05/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In plants and insects, RNA interference (RNAi) is the main responder against viruses and shapes the basis of antiviral immunity. Viruses counter this defense by expressing viral suppressors of RNAi (VSRs). While VSRs in Drosophila melanogaster were shown to inhibit RNAi through different modes of action, whether they act on other silencing pathways remained unexplored. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we show that expression of various plant and insect VSRs in transgenic flies does not perturb the Drosophila microRNA (miRNA) pathway; but in contrast, inhibits antiviral RNAi and the RNA silencing response triggered by inverted repeat transcripts, and injection of dsRNA or siRNA. Strikingly, these VSRs also suppressed transposon silencing by endogenous siRNAs (endo-siRNAs). Conclusions/Significance Our findings identify VSRs as tools to unravel small RNA pathways in insects and suggest a cosuppression of antiviral RNAi and endo-siRNA silencing by viruses during fly infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassam Berry
- Institut Pasteur, Drosophila Genetics and Epigenetics, CNRS-URA2578, Paris, France
| | | | - Doris Kirschner
- Institut Pasteur, Drosophila Genetics and Epigenetics, CNRS-URA2578, Paris, France
| | | | - Christophe Antoniewski
- Institut Pasteur, Drosophila Genetics and Epigenetics, CNRS-URA2578, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Martinière A, Zancarini A, Drucker M. Aphid transmission of cauliflower mosaic virus: the role of the host plant. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2009; 4:548-50. [PMID: 19816139 PMCID: PMC2688309 DOI: 10.4161/psb.4.6.8712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Transmission of plant viruses is the result of interactions between a given virus, the host plant and the vector. Most research has focused on molecular and cellular virus-vector interactions, and the host has only been regarded as a reservoir from which the virus is acquired by the vector more or less accidentally. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that the host can play a crucial role in transmission. Indeed, at least one virus, Cauliflower mosaic virus, exploits the host's cellular pathways to form specialized intracellular structures that optimize virus uptake by the vector and hence transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Martinière
- Equipe CaGeTE, UMR 385 BGPI, INRA-CIRAD-SupAgro, Campus International de Baillarguet, Montpellier, France
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