1
|
Rolsma JL, Darch W, Higgins NC, Morgan JT. The tardigrade-derived mitochondrial abundant heat soluble protein improves adipose-derived stem cell survival against representative stressors. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11834. [PMID: 38783150 PMCID: PMC11116449 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62693-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) grafts have emerged as a powerful tool in regenerative medicine. However, ASC therapeutic potential is hindered by stressors throughout their use. Here we demonstrate the transgenic expression of the tardigrade-derived mitochondrial abundant heat soluble (MAHS) protein for improved ASC resistance to metabolic, mitochondrial, and injection shear stress. In vitro, MAHS-expressing ASCs demonstrate up to 61% increased cell survival following 72 h of incubation in phosphate buffered saline containing 20% media. Following up to 3.5% DMSO exposure for up to 72 h, a 14-49% increase in MAHS-expressing ASC survival was observed. Further, MAHS expression in ASCs is associated with up to 39% improved cell viability following injection through clinically relevant 27-, 32-, and 34-gauge needles. Our results reveal that MAHS expression in ASCs supports survival in response to a variety of common stressors associated with regenerative therapies, thereby motivating further investigation into MAHS as an agent for stem cell stress resistance. However, differentiation capacity in MAHS-expressing ASCs appears to be skewed in favor of osteogenesis over adipogenesis. Specifically, activity of the early bone formation marker alkaline phosphatase is increased by 74% in MAHS-expressing ASCs following 14 days in osteogenic media. Conversely, positive area of the neutral lipid droplet marker BODIPY is decreased by up to 10% in MAHS-transgenic ASCs following 14 days in adipogenic media. Interestingly, media supplementation with up to 40 mM glucose is sufficient to restore adipogenic differentiation within 14 days, prompting further analysis of mechanisms underlying interference between MAHS and differentiation processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan L Rolsma
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - William Darch
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Nicholas C Higgins
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Joshua T Morgan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Morrissette-McAlmon J, Xu WR, Teuben R, Boheler KR, Tung L. Adipocyte-mediated electrophysiological remodeling of human stem cell - derived cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 189:52-65. [PMID: 38346641 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Adipocytes normally accumulate in the epicardial and pericardial layers around the human heart, but their infiltration into the myocardium can be proarrhythmic. METHODS AND RESULTS: Human adipose derived stem/stromal cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) were differentiated, respectively into predominantly white fat-like adipocytes (hAdip) and ventricular cardiomyocytes (CMs). Adipocytes cultured in CM maintenance medium (CM medium) maintained their morphology, continued to express adipogenic markers, and retained clusters of intracellular lipid droplets. In contrast, hiPSC-CMs cultivated in adipogenic growth medium displayed abnormal cell morphologies and more clustering across the monolayer. Pre-plated hiPSC-CMs co-cultured in direct contact with hAdips in CM medium displayed prolonged action potential durations, increased triangulation, slowed conduction velocity, increased conduction velocity heterogeneity, and prolonged calcium transients. When hAdip-conditioned medium was added to monolayer cultures of hiPSC-CMs, results similar to those recorded with direct co-cultures were observed. Both co-culture and conditioned medium experiments resulted in increases in transcript abundance of SCN10A, CACNA1C, SLC8A1, and RYR2, with a decrease in KCNJ2. Human adipokine immunoblots revealed the presence of cytokines that were elevated in adipocyte-conditioned medium, including MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8 and CFD that could induce electrophysiological changes in cultured hiPSC-CMs. CONCLUSIONS: Co-culture of hiPSC-CMs with hAdips reveals a potentially pathogenic role of infiltrating human adipocytes on myocardial tissue. In the absence of structural changes, hAdip paracrine release alone is sufficient to cause CM electrophysiological dysfunction mirroring the co-culture conditions. These effects, mediated largely by paracrine mechanisms, could promote arrhythmias in the heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - William R Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roald Teuben
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth R Boheler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Leslie Tung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Roberti A, Tejedor JR, Díaz-Moreno I, López V, Santamarina-Ojeda P, Pérez RF, Urdinguio RG, Concellón C, Martínez-Chantar ML, Fernández-Morera JL, Díaz-Quintana A, Del Amo V, Fernández AF, Fraga MF. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) regulates the glucocorticoid signaling pathway during the early phase of adipogenesis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8293. [PMID: 37217546 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34916-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with adipose tissue dysfunction through the differentiation and expansion of pre-adipocytes to adipocytes (hyperplasia) and/or increases in size of pre-existing adipocytes (hypertrophy). A cascade of transcriptional events coordinates the differentiation of pre-adipocytes into fully differentiated adipocytes; the process of adipogenesis. Although nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) has been associated with obesity, how NNMT is regulated during adipogenesis, and the underlying regulatory mechanisms, remain undefined. In present study we used genetic and pharmacological approaches to elucidate the molecular signals driving NNMT activation and its role during adipogenesis. Firstly, we demonstrated that during the early phase of adipocyte differentiation NNMT is transactivated by CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein beta (CEBPB) in response to glucocorticoid (GC) induction. We found that Nnmt knockout, using CRISPR/Cas9 approach, impaired terminal adipogenesis by influencing the timing of cellular commitment and cell cycle exit during mitotic clonal expansion, as demonstrated by cell cycle analysis and RNA sequencing experiments. Biochemical and computational methods showed that a novel small molecule, called CC-410, stably binds to and highly specifically inhibits NNMT. CC-410 was, therefore, used to modulate protein activity during pre-adipocyte differentiation stages, demonstrating that, in line with the genetic approach, chemical inhibition of NNMT at the early stages of adipogenesis impairs terminal differentiation by deregulating the GC network. These congruent results conclusively demonstrate that NNMT is a key component of the GC-CEBP axis during the early stages of adipogenesis and could be a potential therapeutic target for both early-onset obesity and glucocorticoid-induced obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Roberti
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 33940, El Entrego, Spain
- Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation in Asturias (FINBA), 33011, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- University Institute of Oncology (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Ramon Tejedor
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 33940, El Entrego, Spain
- Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation in Asturias (FINBA), 33011, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- University Institute of Oncology (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Díaz-Moreno
- Institute for Chemical Research (IIQ), Scientific Research Centre Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), University of Seville - Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Virginia López
- Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation in Asturias (FINBA), 33011, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- University Institute of Oncology (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Santamarina-Ojeda
- Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation in Asturias (FINBA), 33011, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- University Institute of Oncology (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl F Pérez
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 33940, El Entrego, Spain
- Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation in Asturias (FINBA), 33011, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- University Institute of Oncology (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío G Urdinguio
- Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation in Asturias (FINBA), 33011, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- University Institute of Oncology (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Concellón
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Luz Martínez-Chantar
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Fernández-Morera
- Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation in Asturias (FINBA), 33011, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Vital Alvarez Buylla (HVAB), 33611, Mieres, Spain
| | - Antonio Díaz-Quintana
- Institute for Chemical Research (IIQ), Scientific Research Centre Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), University of Seville - Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Vicente Del Amo
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Agustín F Fernández
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 33940, El Entrego, Spain.
- Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation in Asturias (FINBA), 33011, Oviedo, Spain.
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
- University Institute of Oncology (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mario F Fraga
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 33940, El Entrego, Spain.
- Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation in Asturias (FINBA), 33011, Oviedo, Spain.
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
- University Institute of Oncology (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zagury Y, Ianovici I, Landau S, Lavon N, Levenberg S. Engineered marble-like bovine fat tissue for cultured meat. Commun Biol 2022; 5:927. [PMID: 36071206 PMCID: PMC9452530 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03852-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultured meat can provide a sustainable and more ethical alternative to conventional meat. Most of the research in this field has been focused on developing muscle tissue, as it is the main component of meat products, while very few studies address cultured fat tissue, an essential component in the human diet and determinant of meat quality, flavor, juiciness, and tenderness. Here, we engineered bovine fat tissue for cultured meat and incorporated it within engineered bovine muscle tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were derived from bovine adipose tissue and exhibited the typical phenotypic profile of adipose-derived MSCs. MSC adipogenic differentiation and maturation within alginate-based three-dimensional constructs were optimized to yield a fat-rich edible engineered tissue. Subsequently, a marble-like construct, composed of engineered bovine adipose and muscle tissues, was fabricated, mimicking inter- and intra-muscular fat structures. A marbled muscle-adipose tissue construct is developed by integrating engineered bovine muscle and adipose tissue, and optimized using alginate-based 3D constructs and short differentiation times to increase adipogenic differentiation and maturation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yedidya Zagury
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Haifa, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Iris Ianovici
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Haifa, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Shira Landau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Haifa, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Neta Lavon
- AlephFarms Ltd., 7670609, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shulamit Levenberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Haifa, Haifa, 3200003, Israel. .,AlephFarms Ltd., 7670609, Rehovot, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nolan GS, Smith OJ, Jell G, Mosahebi A. Fat grafting and platelet-rich plasma in wound healing: a review of histology from animal studies. Adipocyte 2021; 10:80-90. [PMID: 33525977 PMCID: PMC7872055 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2021.1876374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells could form the basis of a novel, autologous treatment for chronic wounds like diabetic foot ulcers. Fat grafts contain adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) but low survival of cells within the grafts is a major limitation. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) may increase graft survival. This review examines the histology from animal studies on fat grafting, ADSC and PRP in wound healing. A literature review of major electronic databases was undertaken, and narrative synthesis performed. Data from 30 animal studies were included. ADSC increase angiogenesis over 14 days and often clinically accelerated wound healing. ADSC had a greater effect in animals with impaired wound healing (e.g. diabetes). Activated PRP increased viability of fat grafts. Despite the high number of studies, the quality is variable which weakens the evidence. It does suggest there is a benefit of ADSC, particularly in impaired wound healing. High-quality evidence in humans is required, to establish its clinical usefulness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grant S. Nolan
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver J. Smith
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gavin Jell
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Afshin Mosahebi
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Phan MAT, Madigan MC, Willcox M, Stapleton F, Golebiowski B. Semi-quantification of lipids in human meibomian gland epithelial cells using dual staining microplate assays. Exp Eye Res 2021; 210:108719. [PMID: 34364889 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Two spectrophotometric microplate assays with dual staining for either fluorescent Nile red (NR) plus 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) or non-fluorescent Oil red O (ORO) plus Crystal violet (CV) were applied and optimised to evaluate the lipid producing capacity of immortalised human meibomian gland epithelial cells (iHMGEC). Cells were treated with rosiglitazone (Rosi, 10-50 μM), a known lipid producing inducer for iHMGEC, and were analysed for lipids using the NR-DAPI and ORO-CV microplate assays. The lipid producing capacity of iHMGEC after each treatment was determined by normalising lipid quantity (measured with NR or ORO) to cell number (measured with DAPI or CV). The dye concentrations of NR 1 μg/mL, DAPI 5 μg/mL, ORO 0.3% (v/v) and CV 0.5% (v/v), provided optimal linearity and coverage of signals over a range of cell densities (corresponding to 10-100% cell confluence). Both NR-DAPI and ORO-CV showed a dose-dependent effect of Rosi on lipid production in iHMGEC, consistent with the results reported previously using traditional microscopic imaging methods. The microplate assays offer a rapid, high throughput and objective measurement of the amount of lipids in iHMGEC (and potentially other lipid-producing cells) and can be used for screening the effects of biological agents or incubation changes on lipid production in cells in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minh Anh Thu Phan
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia.
| | - Michele C Madigan
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia
| | - Mark Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia
| | - Fiona Stapleton
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia
| | - Blanka Golebiowski
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim JY, Park EJ, Kim SM, Lee HJ. Optimization of adipogenic differentiation conditions for canine adipose-derived stem cells. J Vet Sci 2021; 22:e53. [PMID: 34170094 PMCID: PMC8318799 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine adipose-derived stem cells (cADSCs) exhibit various differentiation properties and are isolated from the canine subcutaneous fat. Although cADSCs are valuable as tools for research on adipogenic differentiation, studies focusing on adipogenic differentiation methods and the underlying mechanisms are still lacking. OBJECTIVES In this study, we aimed to establish an optimal method for adipogenic differentiation conditions of cADSCs and evaluate the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and estrogen receptor (ER) signaling in the adipogenic differentiation. METHODS To induce adipogenic differentiation of cADSCs, 3 different adipogenic medium conditions, MDI, DRI, and MDRI, using 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (M), dexamethasone (D), insulin (I), and rosiglitazone (R) were tested. RESULTS MDRI, addition of PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone to MDI, was the most significantly facilitated cADSC into adipocyte. GW9662, an antagonist of PPARγ, significantly reduced adipogenic differentiation induced by rosiglitazone. Adipogenic differentiation was also stimulated when 17β-estradiol was added to MDI and DRI, and this stimulation was inhibited by the ER antagonist ICI182,780. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results suggest that PPARγ and ER signaling are related to the adipogenic differentiation of cADSCs. This study could provide basic information for future research on obesity or anti-obesity mechanisms in dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Yeon Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.,Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| | - Sung Min Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.,Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| | - Hae Jeung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.,Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Marcozzi C, Frattini A, Borgese M, Rossi F, Barone L, Solari E, Valli R, Gornati R. Paracrine effect of human adipose-derived stem cells on lymphatic endothelial cells. Regen Med 2020; 15:2085-2098. [PMID: 33201769 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2020-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The proposal of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the potential paracrine effect of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) to promote lymphangiogenesis in lymphatic endothelial cells isolated from rat diaphragmatic lymphatic vessels. Materials & methods: ELISA on VEGFA, VEGFC and IL6 in hASC-conditioned medium; LYVE1 immunostaining; and gene expression of PROX1, VEGFR3, VEGFC, VEGFA and IL6 were the methods used. Results: In 2D culture, hASC-conditioned medium was able to promote lymphatic endothelial cell survival, maintenance of endothelial cobblestone morphology and induction to form a vessel-like structure. Conclusion: The authors' results represent in vitro evidence of the paracrine effect of hASCs on lymphatic endothelial cells, suggesting the possible role of hASC-conditioned medium in developing new therapeutic approaches for lymphatic system-related dysfunction such as secondary lymphedema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Marcozzi
- Department of Medicine & Surgery, Human Physiology, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Annalisa Frattini
- Institute for Genetic & Biomedical Research, CNR, 20138 Milano, Italy.,Department of Medicine & Surgery, Human and Medical Genetics, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Marina Borgese
- Department of Biotechnology & Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Federica Rossi
- Department of Biotechnology & Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Ludovica Barone
- Department of Biotechnology & Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Eleonora Solari
- Department of Medicine & Surgery, Human Physiology, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Roberto Valli
- Department of Medicine & Surgery, Human and Medical Genetics, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Rosalba Gornati
- Department of Biotechnology & Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The effect of hypoxia on the proteomic signature of pig adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (pASCs). Sci Rep 2020; 10:20035. [PMID: 33208768 PMCID: PMC7676232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76796-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have potential to improve wound healing; however, their equivalents from domestic animals have received less attention as an alternative cell-based therapy for animals or even humans. Hypoxia is essential for maintaining stem cell functionality in tissue-specific niches. However, a cellular response to low oxygen levels has not been demonstrated in pig ASCs. Hence, the goal of our study was to characterize ASCs isolated from the subcutaneous fat of domestic pigs (pASCs) and examine the effect of hypoxia on their proteome and functional characteristics that might reproduce pASCs wound healing ability. Analysis of immunophenotypic and functional markers demonstrated that pASCs exhibited characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells. Proteomic analysis revealed 70 differentially abundant proteins between pASCs cultured under hypoxia (1% O2) or normoxia (21% O2). Among them, 42 proteins were enriched in the cells exposed to low oxygen, whereas 28 proteins showed decrease expression following hypoxia. Differentially expressed proteins were predominantly involved in cell metabolism, regulation of focal and intracellular communication, and attributed to wound healing. Functional examination of hypoxic pASCs demonstrated acquisition of contractile abilities in vitro. Overall, our results demonstrate that hypoxia pre-conditioning impacts the pASC proteome signature and contractile function in vitro and hence, they might be considered for further cell-based therapy study on wound healing.
Collapse
|
10
|
The Effect of Early Rounds of ex vivo Expansion and Cryopreservation on the Adipogenic Differentiation Capacity of Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15943. [PMID: 31685852 PMCID: PMC6828715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) are candidates for use in cellular therapies for the treatment of a variety of conditions/diseases. Ex vivo expansion of freshly isolated ASCs may be necessary prior to clinical application to ensure that clinically relevant cell numbers are administered during treatment. In addition, cryopreserving cells at early passages allows for storage of freshly isolated cells for extended periods of time before expanding these cells for clinical usage. There are however several concerns that these laboratory-based procedures may alter the characteristics of the cells and in so doing decrease their regenerative potential. In this study we report on the impact of early rounds of cryopreservation (P0) and ex vivo expansion (P0 to P5) on the phenotypic characteristics and adipogenic differentiation potential of ASCs. Our results show that ASCs that upregulate CD36 expression during adipogenic differentiation gradually decrease with increasing expansion rounds. The consequent decrease in adipogenic differentiation capacity was evident in both gene expression and flow cytometry-based phenotypic studies. Successive rounds of expansion did not however alter cell surface marker expression of the cells. We also show that early cryopreservation of ASCs (at P0) does not affect the adipogenic differentiation potential of the cells.
Collapse
|
11
|
Şelaru A, Drăgușin DM, Olăreț E, Serafim A, Steinmüller-Nethl D, Vasile E, Iovu H, Stancu IC, Costache M, Dinescu S. Fabrication and Biocompatibility Evaluation of Nanodiamonds-Gelatin Electrospun Materials Designed for Prospective Tissue Regeneration Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2933. [PMID: 31514289 PMCID: PMC6766245 DOI: 10.3390/ma12182933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to the reduced ability of most harmed tissues to self-regenerate, new strategies are being developed in order to promote self-repair assisted or not by biomaterials, among these tissue engineering (TE). Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) currently represent a promising tool for tissue reconstruction, due to their low immunogenicity, high differentiation potential to multiple cell types and easy harvesting. Gelatin is a natural biocompatible polymer used for regenerative applications, while nanodiamond particles (NDs) are used as reinforcing nanomaterial that might modulate cell behavior, namely cell adhesion, viability, and proliferation. The development of electrospun microfibers loaded with NDs is expected to allow nanomechanical sensing due to local modifications of both nanostructure and stiffness. Two aqueous suspensions with 0.5 and 1% w/v NDs in gelatin from cold water fish skin (FG) were used to generate electrospun meshes. Advanced morpho- and micro-structural characterization revealed homogeneous microfibers. Nanoindentation tests confirmed the reinforcing effect of NDs. Biocompatibility assays showed an increased viability and proliferation profile of hASCs in contact with FG_NDs, correlated with very low cytotoxic effects of the materials. Moreover, hASCs developed an elongated cytoskeleton, suggesting that NDs addition to FG materials encouraged cell adhesion. This study showed the FG_NDs fibrous scaffolds potential for advanced TE applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aida Şelaru
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Diana-Maria Drăgușin
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Elena Olăreț
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Andrada Serafim
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
| | | | - Eugeniu Vasile
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Horia Iovu
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Izabela-Cristina Stancu
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Marieta Costache
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.
- Research Institute of University of Bucharest, 050107 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Sorina Dinescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.
- Research Institute of University of Bucharest, 050107 Bucharest, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Interaction of Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells with Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 144:207e-217e. [DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000005839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
13
|
Human Platelet Lysate as a Functional Substitute for Fetal Bovine Serum in the Culture of Human Adipose Derived Stromal/Stem Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070724. [PMID: 31311198 PMCID: PMC6679214 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adipose derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) hold potential as cell therapeutics for a wide range of disease states; however, many expansion protocols rely on the use of fetal bovine serum (FBS) as a cell culture nutrient supplement. The current study explores the substitution of lysates from expired human platelets (HPLs) as an FBS substitute. METHODS Expired human platelets from an authorized blood center were lysed by freeze/thawing and used to examine human ASCs with respect to proliferation using hematocytometer cell counts, colony forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F) frequency, surface immunophenotype by flow cytometry, and tri-lineage (adipocyte, chondrocyte, osteoblast) differentiation potential by histochemical staining. RESULTS The proliferation assays demonstrated that HPLs supported ASC proliferation in a concentration dependent manner, reaching levels that exceeded that observed in the presence of 10% FBS. The concentration of 0.75% HPLs was equivalent to 10% FBS when utilized in cell culture media with respect to proliferation, immunophenotype, and CFU-F frequency. When added to osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation media, both supplements showed appropriate differentiation by staining. CONCLUSION HPLs is an effective substitute for FBS in the culture, expansion and differentiation of human ASCs suitable for pre-clinical studies; however, additional assays and analyses will be necessary to validate HPLs for clinical applications and regulatory approval.
Collapse
|
14
|
Hamada T, Matsubara H, Yoshida Y, Ugaji S, Nomura I, Tsuchiya H. Autologous adipose-derived stem cell transplantation enhances healing of wound with exposed bone in a rat model. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214106. [PMID: 31083652 PMCID: PMC6513073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Soft tissue wounds with exposed bone often require extended healing times and can be associated with severe complications. We describe the ability of artificial dermis with autogenic adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) to promote the healing of wounds with exposed bone in a rat model. METHODS Adipose tissues harvested from the bilateral inguinal regions of Wistar rats were used as ADSCs. Rats were randomly divided into control and ADSC groups to investigate the efficacy of ADSC transplantation for wound healing (n = 20 per group). Soft tissue defects were created on the heads of the rats and were covered with artificial dermis with or without the seeded ADSCs. Specimens from these rats were evaluated using digital image analysis, histology, immunohistochemistry, cell labeling, and real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR). RESULTS The average global wound area was significantly smaller in the ADSC group than in the control group on days 3, 7, and 14 after surgery (p<0.05). After 14 days, the blood vessel density in the wound increased by 1.6-fold in the ADSC group compared with that in the control group (p<0.01). Real-time RT-PCR results showed higher Fgfb and Vegf expression levels at all time points, and higher Tgfb1 and Tgfb3 expression levels until 14 days after surgery in the ADSC group than in the control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS In wounds with exposed bone, autogenic ADSCs can promote vascularization and wound healing. Use of this cell source has multiple benefits, including convenient clinical application and lack of ethical concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomo Hamada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hidenori Matsubara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yasuhisa Yoshida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shuhei Ugaji
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Issei Nomura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chandra PK, Gerlach SL, Wu C, Khurana N, Swientoniewski LT, Abdel-Mageed AB, Li J, Braun SE, Mondal D. Mesenchymal stem cells are attracted to latent HIV-1-infected cells and enable virus reactivation via a non-canonical PI3K-NFκB signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14702. [PMID: 30279437 PMCID: PMC6168583 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32657-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistence of latent HIV-1 in macrophages (MACs) and T-helper lymphocytes (THLs) remain a major therapeutic challenge. Currently available latency reversing agents (LRAs) are not very effective in vivo. Therefore, understanding of physiologic mechanisms that dictate HIV-1 latency/reactivation in reservoirs is clearly needed. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) regulate the function of immune cells; however, their role in regulating virus production from latently-infected MACs & THLs is not known. We documented that exposure to MSCs or their conditioned media (MSC-CM) rapidly increased HIV-1 p24 production from the latently-infected U1 (MAC) & ACH2 (THL) cell lines. Exposure to MSCs also increased HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) directed gene expression in the MAC and THL reporter lines, U937-VRX and J-Lat (9.2), respectively. MSCs exposed to CM from U1 cells (U1-CM) showed enhanced migratory ability towards latently-infected cells and retained their latency-reactivation potential. Molecular studies showed that MSC-mediated latency-reactivation was dependent upon both the phosphatidyl inositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) signaling pathways. The pre-clinically tested inhibitors of PI3K (PX-866) and NFκB (CDDO-Me) suppressed MSC-mediated HIV-1 reactivation. Furthermore, coexposure to MSC-CM enhanced the latency-reactivation efficacy of the approved LRAs, vorinostat and panobinostat. Our findings on MSC-mediated latency-reactivation may provide novel strategies against persistent HIV-1 reservoirs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Partha K Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Samantha L Gerlach
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Chengxiang Wu
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Namrata Khurana
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Asim B Abdel-Mageed
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jian Li
- Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Stephen E Braun
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Debasis Mondal
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ejarque M, Ceperuelo-Mallafré V, Serena C, Maymo-Masip E, Duran X, Díaz-Ramos A, Millan-Scheiding M, Núñez-Álvarez Y, Núñez-Roa C, Gama P, Garcia-Roves PM, Peinado MA, Gimble JM, Zorzano A, Vendrell J, Fernández-Veledo S. Adipose tissue mitochondrial dysfunction in human obesity is linked to a specific DNA methylation signature in adipose-derived stem cells. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 43:1256-1268. [PMID: 30262812 PMCID: PMC6760577 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0219-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background A functional population of adipocyte precursors, termed adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs), is crucial for proper adipose tissue (AT) expansion, lipid handling, and prevention of lipotoxicity in response to chronic positive energy balance. We previously showed that obese human subjects contain a dysfunctional pool of ASCs. Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying abnormal ASC function might lead to therapeutic interventions for prevention of lipotoxicity by improving the adipogenic capacity of ASCs. Methods Using epigenome-wide association studies, we explored the impact of obesity on the methylation signature of human ASCs and their differentiated counterparts. Mitochondrial phenotyping of lean and obese ASCs was performed. TBX15 loss- and gain-of-function experiments were carried out and western blotting and electron microscopy studies of mitochondria were performed in white AT biopsies from lean and obese individuals. Results We found that DNA methylation in adipocyte precursors is significantly modified by the obese environment, and adipogenesis, inflammation, and immunosuppression were the most affected pathways. Also, we identified TBX15 as one of the most differentially hypomethylated genes in obese ASCs, and genetic experiments revealed that TBX15 is a regulator of mitochondrial mass in obese adipocytes. Accordingly, morphological analysis of AT from obese subjects showed an alteration of the mitochondrial network, with changes in mitochondrial shape and number. Conclusions We identified a DNA methylation signature in adipocyte precursors associated with obesity, which has a significant impact on the metabolic phenotype of mature adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Ejarque
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII-Institut d´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili-Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Ceperuelo-Mallafré
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII-Institut d´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili-Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Serena
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII-Institut d´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili-Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elsa Maymo-Masip
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII-Institut d´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili-Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xevi Duran
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angels Díaz-Ramos
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Millan-Scheiding
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII-Institut d´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili-Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yaiza Núñez-Álvarez
- Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP)-Institute of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (IMPPC), Badalona, Spain
| | - Catalina Núñez-Roa
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII-Institut d´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili-Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pau Gama
- Department of Physiological Sciences II, Faculty of Medicine-University of Barcelona, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo M Garcia-Roves
- Department of Physiological Sciences II, Faculty of Medicine-University of Barcelona, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel A Peinado
- Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP)-Institute of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (IMPPC), Badalona, Spain
| | - Jeffrey M Gimble
- LaCell LLC and Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Vendrell
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII-Institut d´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili-Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain. .,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII-Institut d´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili-Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain. .,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liefke R, Bokelmann K, Ghadimi BM, Dango S. Enhancer-driven transcriptional regulation is a potential key determinant for human visceral and subcutaneous adipocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018; 1861:S1874-9399(18)30095-6. [PMID: 29966764 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by the excess of body fat leading to impaired health. Abdominal fat is particularly harmful and is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and cancer. In contrast, subcutaneous fat is generally considered less detrimental. The mechanisms that establish the cellular characteristics of these distinct fat types in humans are not fully understood. Here, we explored whether differences of their gene regulatory mechanisms can be investigated in vitro. For this purpose, we in vitro differentiated human visceral and subcutaneous pre-adipocytes into mature adipocytes and obtained their gene expression profiles and genome-wide H3K4me3, H3K9me3 and H3K27ac patterns. Subsequently, we compared those data with public gene expression data from visceral and subcutaneous fat tissues. We found that the in vitro differentiated adipocytes show significant differences in their transcriptional landscapes, which correlate with biological pathways that are characteristic for visceral and subcutaneous fat tissues, respectively. Unexpectedly, visceral adipocyte enhancers are rich on motifs for transcription factors involved in the Hippo-YAP pathway, cell growth and inflammation, which are not typically associated with adipocyte function. In contrast, enhancers of subcutaneous adipocytes show enrichment of motifs for common adipogenic transcription factors, such as C/EBP, NFI and PPARγ, implicating substantially disparate gene regulatory networks in visceral and subcutaneous adipocytes. Consistent with the role in obesity, predominantly the histone modification pattern of visceral adipocytes is linked to obesity-associated diseases. Thus, this work suggests that the properties of visceral and subcutaneous fat tissues can be studied in vitro and provides preliminary insights into their gene regulatory processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Liefke
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany; Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Kristin Bokelmann
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Clinic of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - B Michael Ghadimi
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dango
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Kreisklinikum Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Generation of Gellan Gum-Based Adipose-Like Microtissues. Bioengineering (Basel) 2018; 5:bioengineering5030052. [PMID: 29954069 PMCID: PMC6163196 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering5030052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is involved in many physiological processes. Therefore, the need for adipose tissue-like analogues either for soft tissue reconstruction or as in vitro testing platforms is undeniable. In this work, we explored the natural features of gellan gum (GG) to recreate injectable stable adipose-like microtissues. GG hydrogel particles with different percentages of polymer (0.5%, 0.75%, 1.25%) were developed and the effect of obtained mechanical properties over the ability of hASCs to differentiate towards the adipogenic lineage was evaluated based on the expression of the early (PPARγ) and late (FABP4) adipogenic markers, and on lipids formation and accumulation. Constructs were cultured in adipogenic induction medium up to 21 days or for six days in induction plus nine days in maintenance media. Overall, no significant differences were observed in terms of hASCs adipogenic differentiation within the range of Young’s moduli between 2.7 and 12.9 kPa. The long-term (up to six weeks) stability of the developed constructs supported its application in soft tissue reconstruction. Moreover, their ability to function as adipose-like microtissue models for drug screening was demonstrated by confirming its sensitivity to TNFα and ROCK inhibitor, respectively involved in the repression and induction of the adipogenic differentiation.
Collapse
|
19
|
Long term culture and differentiation of endothelial progenitor like cells from rat adipose derived stem cells. Cytotechnology 2017; 70:397-413. [PMID: 29264678 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The procedure of obtaining qualified endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) is still unclear and there has been some controversy on their biological properties and time of emergence. In this study, we used long-term culture of Adipose Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) in an endothelial induction medium to obtain endothelial progenitor-like cells, and investigated the features of a few surface markers and the physiologic functions of the cells produced. In order to achieve our aim, rat ADSCs were isolated and cultured in an endothelial basal medium (EBM2), supplemented with an endothelial growth medium (EGM2). The cells were cultured 1 week for short-time, 2 weeks for mid-time, and 3 weeks for long-time cultures. Morphological changes were monitored by phase contrast and electron microscopy. The expressions of a few endothelial progenitor cells markers were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. Low-density lipoprotein uptake and lectin binding assay were also performed for functional characterization. After induction, ADSCs showed changes in morphology from spindle-shaped in the first week to cobblestone-shaped during the next 2 weeks. Then, endothelial cell phenotype was defined by the presence of Weibel-Palade bodies in the cytoplasm and tube formation, without the use of Matrigel in the third week. In keeping with gene expression analysis, VEGFR-2 showed significant expression during early stages of endothelial differentiation for up to 3 weeks. A significantly increased expression of Tie2 was observed on day 21. Likewise, VE-Cadherin, CD34, CD133, WVF and CD31 were not significantly expressed within the same period of time. Endothelial differentiated cells also showed little LDL uptake and little to no lectin binding during the first 2 weeks of induction. However, high LDL uptake and lectin binding were observed in the third week. It appears that long term culture of ADSCs in EGM2 leads to significantly increased expression of some endothelial progenitor cells markers, strong DiI-ac-LDL uptake, lectin binding and tube-like structure formation in endothelial differentiated cells. Therefore, selection of an appropriate culture time and culture medium is crucial for establishing an efficient route to obtain sufficient numbers of EPCs with optimized quantity and quality.
Collapse
|
20
|
Alghazali KM, Newby SD, Nima ZA, Hamzah RN, Watanabe F, Bourdo SE, Masi TJ, Stephenson SM, Anderson DE, Dhar MS, Biris AS. Functionalized gold nanorod nanocomposite system to modulate differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells into neural-like progenitors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16654. [PMID: 29192282 PMCID: PMC5709514 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16800-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A 2D multifunctional nanocomposite system of gold nanorods (AuNRs) was developed. Gold nanorods were functionalized via polyethylene glycol with a terminal amine, and, were characterized using transmission and scanning electron microscopy, ultra violet-visible and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Zeta-potential. The system was cytocompatible to and maintained the integrity of Schwann cells. The neurogenic potential of adipose tissue - derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) was evaluated in vitro. The expression pattern and localization of Vimentin confirmed the mesenchymal origin of cells and tracked morphological changes during differentiation. The expression patterns of S100β and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), were used as indicator for neural differentiation. Results suggested that this process was enhanced when the cells were seeded on the AuNRs compared to the tissue-culture surface. The present study indicates that the design and the surface properties of the AuNRs enhances neural differentiation of hMSCs and hence, would be beneficial for neural tissue engineering scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karrer M Alghazali
- Center of Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, 72204, USA
| | - Steven D Newby
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Zeid A Nima
- Center of Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, 72204, USA
| | - Rabab N Hamzah
- Center of Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, 72204, USA
| | - Fumiya Watanabe
- Center of Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, 72204, USA
| | - Shawn E Bourdo
- Center of Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, 72204, USA
| | - Thomas J Masi
- University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Stacy M Stephenson
- University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - David E Anderson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Madhu S Dhar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
| | - Alexandru S Biris
- Center of Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, 72204, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Maeda Y, Hasegawa T, Wada A, Fukai T, Iida H, Sakamoto A, Ikeda S. Adipose-derived stem cells express higher levels of type VII collagen under specific culture conditions. Arch Dermatol Res 2017; 309:843-849. [PMID: 28940088 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-017-1781-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Type VII collagen (Col7) is a major component of the anchoring fibrils at the dermoepidermal junction. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are a cell population highly useful in regenerative medicine because of their ease of isolation and their potential for multilineage differentiation. Based on the observations that K14 was expressed in undifferentiated ADSCs and the expression was downregulated after differentiation into adipocytes, we speculated that ADSCs are keratinocyte stem/progenitor cells. ADSCs were co-cultured with fibroblasts on type IV collagen in a medium containing all-trans retinoic acid and bone morphogenetic protein 4. At day 14 of culture in keratinocyte serum-free medium, the cells were harvested and subjected to immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, real-time PCR, and western blotting. Approximately, 45% of ADSCs were immunostained positively for anti-human cytokeratin 10, and approximately 80% were stained positively for Col7. Flow cytometry, real-time PCR, and western blotting also confirmed that differentiated ADSCs expressed higher levels of Col7. These findings support the therapeutic potential of ADSCs, not only for wound healing, but also for the correction of Col7 deficiencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Maeda
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Toshio Hasegawa
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Akino Wada
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Fukai
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hideo Iida
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sakamoto
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shigaku Ikeda
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hoseini SJ, Ghazavi H, Forouzanfar F, Mashkani B, Ghorbani A, Mahdipour E, Ghasemi F, Sadeghnia HR, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. Fibroblast Growth Factor 1-Transfected Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Angiogenic Proliferation. DNA Cell Biol 2017; 36:401-412. [PMID: 28281780 PMCID: PMC5421621 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2016.3546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate, for the first time, the effects of using adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) transfected with an episomal plasmid encoding fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) (AD-MSCsFGF1), in providing the microenvironment required for angiogenic proliferation. The isolated rat AD-MSCs were positive for mesenchymal (CD29 and CD90) and negative for hematopoietic (CD34 and CD45) surface markers. Adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of the AD-MSCs also occurred in the proper culture media. The presence of FGF1 in the conditioned medium from the AD-MSCsFGF1 was confirmed by Western blotting. G418 and PCR were used for selection of transfected cells and confirmation of the presence of FGF1 mRNA, respectively. Treatment with the AD-MSCFGF1-conditioned medium significantly increased the NIH-3T3 cell proliferation and human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) tube formation compared to conditioned medium from nontransfected AD-MSCs (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the AD-MSCsFGF1 efficiently secreted functional FGF1, which promoted angiogenic proliferation. Using AD-MSCsFGF1 may provide a useful strategy in cell therapy, which can merge the beneficial effects of stem cells with the positive biological effects of FGF1 in various disorders, especially tissue defects, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular and diabetes endocrine pathologies, which remain to be tested in preclinical and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Javad Hoseini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Ghazavi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Forouzanfar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Baratali Mashkani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghorbani
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elahe Mahdipour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Faezeh Ghasemi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Sadeghnia
- Neurocognitive Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Joo HJ, Kim JH, Hong SJ. Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells for Myocardial Regeneration. Korean Circ J 2017; 47:151-159. [PMID: 28382066 PMCID: PMC5378017 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2016.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, stem cell therapy has been extensively studied for clinical application for heart diseases. Among various stem cells, adipose tissue-derived stem cell (ADSC) is still an attractive stem cell resource due to its abundance and easy accessibility. In vitro studies showed the multipotent differentiation potentials of ADSC, even differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Many pre-clinical animal studies have also demonstrated promising therapeutic results of ADSC. Furthermore, there were several clinical trials showing the positive results in acute myocardial infarction using ADSC. The present article covers the brief introduction, the suggested therapeutic mechanisms, application methods including cell dose and delivery, and human clinical trials of ADSC for myocardial regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Joon Joo
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Jun Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Baker NA, Muir LA, Lumeng CN, O'Rourke RW. Differentiation and Metabolic Interrogation of Human Adipocytes. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1566:61-76. [PMID: 28244041 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6820-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Adipocytes differentiated from preadipocytes provide a valuable model for the study of human adipocyte metabolism. We describe methods for isolation of human stromal vascular cells, expansion of preadipocytes, differentiation into mature adipocytes, and in vitro metabolic interrogation of adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicki A Baker
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 2210 Taubman Center-5343, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lindsey A Muir
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carey N Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert W O'Rourke
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 2210 Taubman Center-5343, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Ann Arbor Veteran's Administration Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cox-York KA, Erickson CB, Pereira RI, Bessesen DH, Van Pelt RE. Region-specific effects of oestradiol on adipose-derived stem cell differentiation in post-menopausal women. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:677-684. [PMID: 27862950 PMCID: PMC5345675 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine the effect of acute transdermal 17β‐oestradiol (E2) on the adipogenic potential of subcutaneous adipose‐derived stem cells (ASC) in post‐menopausal women. Post‐menopausal women (n = 11; mean age 57 ± 4.5 years) were treated for 2 weeks, in a randomized, cross‐over design, with transdermal E2 (0.15 mg) or placebo patches. Biopsies of abdominal (AB) and femoral (FEM) subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were obtained after each treatment and mature adipocytes were analysed for cell size and ASC for their capacity for proliferation (growth rate), differentiation (triglyceride accumulation) and susceptibility to tumour necrosis factor alpha‐induced apoptosis. Gene expression of oestrogen receptors α and β (ESR1 and ESR2), perilipin 1 and hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL), was also assessed. In FEM SAT, but not AB SAT, 2 weeks of E2 significantly (P = 0.03) increased ASC differentiation and whole SAT HSL mRNA expression (P = 0.03) compared to placebo. These changes were not associated with mRNA expression of oestrogen receptors α and β, but HSL expression was significantly increased in FEM SAT with transdermal E2 treatment. Adipose‐derived stem cells proliferation and apoptosis did not change in either SAT depot after E2 compared with placebo. Short‐term E2 appeared to increase the adipogenic potential of FEM, but not AB, SAT in post‐menopausal women with possible implications for metabolic disease. Future studies are needed to determine longer term impact of E2 on regional SAT accumulation in the context of positive energy imbalance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher B Erickson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rocio I Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Daniel H Bessesen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Rachael E Van Pelt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Guneta V, Tan NS, Chan SKJ, Tanavde V, Lim TC, Wong TCM, Choong C. Comparative study of adipose-derived stem cells and bone marrow-derived stem cells in similar microenvironmental conditions. Exp Cell Res 2016; 348:155-164. [PMID: 27658569 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which were first isolated from the bone marrow, are now being extracted from various other tissues in the body, including the adipose tissue. The current study presents systematic evidence of how the adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Bm-MSCs) behave when cultured in specific pro-adipogenic microenvironments. The cells were first characterized and identified as MSCs in terms of their morphology, phenotypic expression, self-renewal capabilities and multi-lineage potential. Subsequently, the proliferation and gene expression profiles of the cell populations cultured on two-dimensional (2D) adipose tissue extracellular matrix (ECM)-coated tissue culture plastic (TCP) and in three-dimensional (3D) AlgiMatrix® microenvironments were analyzed. Overall, it was found that adipogenesis was triggered in both cell populations due to the presence of adipose tissue ECM. However, in 3D microenvironments, ASCs and Bm-MSCs were predisposed to the adipogenic and osteogenic lineages respectively. Overall, findings from this study will contribute to ongoing efforts in adipose tissue engineering as well as provide new insights into the role of the ECM and cues provided by the immediate microenvironment for stem cell differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vipra Guneta
- Division of Materials Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- School of Biological Science, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore; KK Research Centre, KK Women's and Children Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology & Research (A⁎STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Soon Kiat Jeremy Chan
- School of Biological Science, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Vivek Tanavde
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science Technology & Research (A⁎STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix, Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - Thiam Chye Lim
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Hospital (NUH) and National University of Singapore (NUS), Kent Ridge Wing, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Thien Chong Marcus Wong
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Section, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), 11, Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Cleo Choong
- Division of Materials Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; KK Research Centre, KK Women's and Children Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Pan M, Reid MA, Lowman XH, Kulkarni RP, Tran TQ, Liu X, Yang Y, Hernandez-Davies JE, Rosales KK, Li H, Hugo W, Song C, Xu X, Schones DE, Ann DK, Gradinaru V, Lo RS, Locasale JW, Kong M. Regional glutamine deficiency in tumours promotes dedifferentiation through inhibition of histone demethylation. Nat Cell Biol 2016; 18:1090-101. [PMID: 27617932 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Poorly organized tumour vasculature often results in areas of limited nutrient supply and hypoxia. Despite our understanding of solid tumour responses to hypoxia, how nutrient deprivation regionally affects tumour growth and therapeutic response is poorly understood. Here, we show that the core region of solid tumours displayed glutamine deficiency compared with other amino acids. Low glutamine in tumour core regions led to dramatic histone hypermethylation due to decreased α-ketoglutarate levels, a key cofactor for the Jumonji-domain-containing histone demethylases. Using patient-derived (V600E)BRAF melanoma cells, we found that low-glutamine-induced histone hypermethylation resulted in cancer cell dedifferentiation and resistance to BRAF inhibitor treatment, which was largely mediated by methylation on H3K27, as knockdown of the H3K27-specific demethylase KDM6B and the methyltransferase EZH2 respectively reproduced and attenuated the low-glutamine effects in vitro and in vivo. Thus, intratumoral regional variation in the nutritional microenvironment contributes to tumour heterogeneity and therapeutic response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Pan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Michael A Reid
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Xazmin H Lowman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Rajan P Kulkarni
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Thai Q Tran
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Jenny E Hernandez-Davies
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Kimberly K Rosales
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Haiqing Li
- Department of Information Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Willy Hugo
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Chunying Song
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Xiangdong Xu
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Dustin E Schones
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - David K Ann
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Viviana Gradinaru
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Roger S Lo
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Jason W Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Mei Kong
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Shah FS, Li J, Zanata F, Curley JL, Martin EC, Wu X, Dietrich M, Devireddy RV, Wade JW, Gimble JM. The Relative Functionality of Freshly Isolated and Cryopreserved Human Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells. Cells Tissues Organs 2016; 201:436-444. [PMID: 27310337 DOI: 10.1159/000446494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The capability of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells to maintain cell viability, phenotype and differentiation ability upon thawing is critical if they are to be banked and used for future therapeutic purposes. In the present study, we examined the effect of 9-10 months of cryostorage on the morphology, immunophenotype, colony-forming unit (CFU) and differentiation capacity of fresh and cryopreserved human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) from the same donors. Cryopreservation did not reduce the CFU frequency and the expression levels of CD29, CD73, CD90 and CD105 remained unchanged with the exception of CD34 and CD45; however, the differentiation capacity of cryopreserved ASCs relative to fresh cells was significantly reduced. While our findings suggest that future studies are warranted to improve cryopreservation methods and agents, cryopreserved ASCs retain sufficient features to ensure their practical utility for both research and clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Forum S Shah
- LaCell LLC, Tulane University, New Orleans, La., USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rowan BG, Lacayo EA, Sheng M, Anbalagan M, Gimble JM, Jones RK, Joseph WJ, Friedlander PL, Chiu ES. Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells Promote Migration and Early Metastasis of Head and Neck Cancer Xenografts. Aesthet Surg J 2016; 36:93-104. [PMID: 26063833 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjv090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fat grafting has become popular for repair of postsurgical/postradiation defects after head/neck cancers resection. Fat graft supplementation with adipose tissue-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) is proposed to improve graft viability/efficacy, although the impact of ASCs on head/neck cancer cells is unknown. OBJECTIVES To determine whether ASCs affect growth, migration, and metastasis of human head/neck cancer. METHODS Human Cal-27 and SCC-4 head/neck cancer cells were co-cultured human ASCs, or treated with ASC conditioned medium (CM), and cancer cell growth/migration was assessed by MTT, cell count, and scratch/wound healing assays in vitro. Co-injection of 3 × 10(6) Cal-27/green fluorescent protein (GFP) cells and ASCs into the flank of NUDE mice assessed ASC effect on tumor growth/morphology. Quantitation of human chromosome 17 DNA in mouse organs assessed ASC effects on micrometastasis. Primary tumors were evaluated for markers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, matrix metalloproteinases, and angiogenesis by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Co-culture of Cal-27 or SCC-4 cells with ASCs from 2 different donors or ASC CM had no effect on cell growth in vitro. However, ASC CM stimulated Cal-27 and SCC-4 migration. Co-injection of ASCs from 2 different donors with Cal-27 cells did not affect tumor volume at 6 weeks, but increased Cal-27 micrometastasis to the brain. Evaluation of tumors sections from 1 ASC donor co-injection revealed that ASCs were viable and well integrated with Cal-27/GFP cells. These tumors exhibited increased MMP2, MMP9, IL-8, and microvessel density. CONCLUSIONS Human ASCs did not alter growth of human head/neck cancer cells or tumor xenografts, but stimulated migration and early micrometastasis to mouse brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Rowan
- Dr Rowan is Piltz Professor of Cancer Research, Tulane Cancer Center, and Associate Professor and Interim Chair, Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Drs Lacayo and Sheng are Postdoctoral Researchers, Dr Anbalagan is an Instructor, and Mr Jones is a Technician, Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Dr Gimble is Adjunct Professor, Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Structural and Cellular Biology, and the Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Mr Joseph is a Medical Student and Dr Chiu is an Associate Professor, Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York. Dr Friedlander is the Chairman, Department of Otolaryngology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Eduardo A Lacayo
- Dr Rowan is Piltz Professor of Cancer Research, Tulane Cancer Center, and Associate Professor and Interim Chair, Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Drs Lacayo and Sheng are Postdoctoral Researchers, Dr Anbalagan is an Instructor, and Mr Jones is a Technician, Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Dr Gimble is Adjunct Professor, Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Structural and Cellular Biology, and the Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Mr Joseph is a Medical Student and Dr Chiu is an Associate Professor, Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York. Dr Friedlander is the Chairman, Department of Otolaryngology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Mei Sheng
- Dr Rowan is Piltz Professor of Cancer Research, Tulane Cancer Center, and Associate Professor and Interim Chair, Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Drs Lacayo and Sheng are Postdoctoral Researchers, Dr Anbalagan is an Instructor, and Mr Jones is a Technician, Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Dr Gimble is Adjunct Professor, Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Structural and Cellular Biology, and the Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Mr Joseph is a Medical Student and Dr Chiu is an Associate Professor, Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York. Dr Friedlander is the Chairman, Department of Otolaryngology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Muralidharan Anbalagan
- Dr Rowan is Piltz Professor of Cancer Research, Tulane Cancer Center, and Associate Professor and Interim Chair, Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Drs Lacayo and Sheng are Postdoctoral Researchers, Dr Anbalagan is an Instructor, and Mr Jones is a Technician, Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Dr Gimble is Adjunct Professor, Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Structural and Cellular Biology, and the Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Mr Joseph is a Medical Student and Dr Chiu is an Associate Professor, Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York. Dr Friedlander is the Chairman, Department of Otolaryngology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jeffrey M Gimble
- Dr Rowan is Piltz Professor of Cancer Research, Tulane Cancer Center, and Associate Professor and Interim Chair, Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Drs Lacayo and Sheng are Postdoctoral Researchers, Dr Anbalagan is an Instructor, and Mr Jones is a Technician, Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Dr Gimble is Adjunct Professor, Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Structural and Cellular Biology, and the Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Mr Joseph is a Medical Student and Dr Chiu is an Associate Professor, Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York. Dr Friedlander is the Chairman, Department of Otolaryngology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Ryan K Jones
- Dr Rowan is Piltz Professor of Cancer Research, Tulane Cancer Center, and Associate Professor and Interim Chair, Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Drs Lacayo and Sheng are Postdoctoral Researchers, Dr Anbalagan is an Instructor, and Mr Jones is a Technician, Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Dr Gimble is Adjunct Professor, Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Structural and Cellular Biology, and the Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Mr Joseph is a Medical Student and Dr Chiu is an Associate Professor, Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York. Dr Friedlander is the Chairman, Department of Otolaryngology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Walter J Joseph
- Dr Rowan is Piltz Professor of Cancer Research, Tulane Cancer Center, and Associate Professor and Interim Chair, Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Drs Lacayo and Sheng are Postdoctoral Researchers, Dr Anbalagan is an Instructor, and Mr Jones is a Technician, Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Dr Gimble is Adjunct Professor, Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Structural and Cellular Biology, and the Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Mr Joseph is a Medical Student and Dr Chiu is an Associate Professor, Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York. Dr Friedlander is the Chairman, Department of Otolaryngology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Paul L Friedlander
- Dr Rowan is Piltz Professor of Cancer Research, Tulane Cancer Center, and Associate Professor and Interim Chair, Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Drs Lacayo and Sheng are Postdoctoral Researchers, Dr Anbalagan is an Instructor, and Mr Jones is a Technician, Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Dr Gimble is Adjunct Professor, Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Structural and Cellular Biology, and the Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Mr Joseph is a Medical Student and Dr Chiu is an Associate Professor, Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York. Dr Friedlander is the Chairman, Department of Otolaryngology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Ernest S Chiu
- Dr Rowan is Piltz Professor of Cancer Research, Tulane Cancer Center, and Associate Professor and Interim Chair, Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Drs Lacayo and Sheng are Postdoctoral Researchers, Dr Anbalagan is an Instructor, and Mr Jones is a Technician, Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Dr Gimble is Adjunct Professor, Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Structural and Cellular Biology, and the Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Mr Joseph is a Medical Student and Dr Chiu is an Associate Professor, Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York. Dr Friedlander is the Chairman, Department of Otolaryngology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Walmsley GG, Atashroo DA, Maan ZN, Hu MS, Zielins ER, Tsai JM, Duscher D, Paik K, Tevlin R, Marecic O, Wan DC, Gurtner GC, Longaker MT. High-Throughput Screening of Surface Marker Expression on Undifferentiated and Differentiated Human Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:2281-91. [PMID: 26020286 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue contains an abundant source of multipotent mesenchymal cells termed "adipose-derived stromal cells" (ASCs) that hold potential for regenerative medicine. However, the heterogeneity inherent to ASCs harvested using standard methodologies remains largely undefined, particularly in regards to differences across donors. Identifying the subpopulations of ASCs predisposed toward differentiation along distinct lineages holds value for improving graft survival, predictability, and efficiency. Human ASCs (hASCs) from three different donors were independently isolated by density-based centrifugation from adipose tissue and maintained in culture or differentiated along either adipogenic or osteogenic lineages using differentiation media. Undifferentiated and differentiated hASCs were then analyzed for the presence of 242 human surface markers by flow cytometry analysis. By comprehensively characterizing the surface marker profile of undifferentiated hASCs using flow cytometry, we gained novel insights into the heterogeneity underlying protein expression on the surface of cultured undifferentiated hASCs across different donors. Comparison of the surface marker profile of undifferentiated hASCs with hASCs that have undergone osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation allowed for the identification of surface markers that were upregulated and downregulated by osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation. Osteogenic differentiation induced upregulation of CD164 and downregulation of CD49a, CD49b, CD49c, CD49d, CD55, CD58, CD105, and CD166 while adipogenic differentiation induced upregulation of CD36, CD40, CD146, CD164, and CD271 and downregulation of CD49b, CD49c, CD49d, CD71, CD105, and CD166. These results lend support to the notion that hASCs isolated using standard methodologies represent a heterogeneous population and serve as a foundation for future studies seeking to maximize their regenerative potential through fluorescence-activated cell sorting-based selection before therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graham G Walmsley
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California.,2 Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - David A Atashroo
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Zeshaan N Maan
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Michael S Hu
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California.,2 Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Elizabeth R Zielins
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Jonathan M Tsai
- 2 Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Dominik Duscher
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Kevin Paik
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Ruth Tevlin
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Owen Marecic
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Derrick C Wan
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Geoffrey C Gurtner
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Michael T Longaker
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California.,2 Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Shah FS, Li J, Dietrich M, Wu X, Hausmann MG, LeBlanc KA, Wade JW, Gimble JM. Comparison of Stromal/Stem Cells Isolated from Human Omental and Subcutaneous Adipose Depots: Differentiation and Immunophenotypic Characterization. Cells Tissues Organs 2015; 200:204-11. [PMID: 26089088 DOI: 10.1159/000430088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging field of regenerative medicine has identified adipose tissue as an abundant source of stromal/stem cells for tissue engineering applications. Therefore, we have compared the differentiation and immunophenotypic features of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASC) isolated from either omental or subcutaneous adipose depots. Human tissue samples were obtained from bariatric and plastic surgical practices at a university-affiliated teaching hospital and a private practice, respectively, with informed patient consent. Primary cultures of human ASC were isolated from adipose specimens within 24 h of surgery and culture expanded in vitro. The passaged ASC were induced to undergo adipogenic or osteogenic differentiation as assessed by histochemical methods or evaluated for surface antigen expression profiles by flow cytometry. ASC yields per unit weight of tissue were comparable between omental and subcutaneous depots. At passage 0, the immunophenotype of omental and subcutaneous ASC were not significantly different with the exception of CD105 and endoglin, a component of the transforming growth factor β receptor. The adipogenic differentiation of omental ASC was less robust than that of subcutaneous ASC based on in vitro histochemical and PCR assays. Although the yield and immunophenotype of ASC from omental adipose depots resembled that of subcutaneous ASC, omental ASC displayed significantly reduced adipogenic differentiation capacity following chemical induction. Further studies are necessary to evaluate and optimize the differentiation function of omental ASC in vitro and in vivo. Pending such analyses, omental ASC should not be used interchangeably with subcutaneous ASC for regenerative medical applications.
Collapse
|
32
|
De Francesco F, Ricci G, D'Andrea F, Nicoletti GF, Ferraro GA. Human Adipose Stem Cells: From Bench to Bedside. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2015; 21:572-84. [PMID: 25953464 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2014.0608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies for repair and regeneration of different tissues are becoming more important in the treatment of several diseases. Adult stem cells currently symbolize the most available source of cell progenitors for tissue engineering and repair and can be harvested using minimally invasive procedures. Moreover, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the most widely used stem cells in stem cell-based therapies, are multipotent progenitors, with capability to differentiate into cartilage, bone, connective, muscle, and adipose tissue. So far, bone marrow has been regarded as the main source of MSCs. To date, human adult adipose tissue may be the best suitable alternative source of MSCs. Adipose stem cells (ASCs) can be largely extracted from subcutaneous human adult adipose tissue. A large number of studies show that adipose tissue contains a biologically and clinically interesting heterogeneous cell population called stromal vascular fraction (SVF). The SVF may be employed directly or cultured for selection and expansion of an adherent population, so called adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). In recent years, literature based on data related to SVF cells and ASCs has augmented considerably: These studies have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of SVF cells and ASCs in vivo in animal models. On the basis of these observations, in several countries, various clinical trials involving SVF cells and ASCs have been permitted. This review aims at summarizing data regarding either ASCs cellular biology or ASCs-based clinical trials and at discussing the possible future clinical translation of ASCs and their potentiality in cell-based tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Francesco
- 1 Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, Second University of Naples , Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Ricci
- 2 Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples , Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco D'Andrea
- 1 Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, Second University of Naples , Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Francesco Nicoletti
- 1 Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, Second University of Naples , Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Andrea Ferraro
- 1 Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, Second University of Naples , Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tran TDN, Yao S, Hsu WH, Gimble JM, Bunnell BA, Cheng H. Arginine vasopressin inhibits adipogenesis in human adipose-derived stem cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 406:1-9. [PMID: 25697345 PMCID: PMC4752440 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular Ca(2+) signaling is important for stem cell differentiation and there is evidence it may coordinate the process. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is a neuropeptide hormone secreted mostly from the posterior pituitary gland and increases Ca(2+) signals mainly via V1 receptors. However, the role of AVP in adipogenesis of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) is unknown. In this study, we identified the V1a receptor gene in hASCs and demonstrated that AVP stimulation increased intracellular Ca(2+) concentration during adipogenesis. This effect was mediated via V1a receptors, Gq-proteins and the PLC-IP3 pathway. These Ca(2+) signals were due to endoplasmic reticulum release and influx from the extracellular space. Furthermore, AVP supplementation to the adipogenic medium decreased the number of adipocytes and adipocyte marker genes during differentiation. The effect of AVP on adipocyte formation was reversed by the V1a receptor blocker V2255. These findings suggested that AVP may function to inhibit adipocyte differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tran D N Tran
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Shaomian Yao
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Walter H Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Gimble
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Bruce A Bunnell
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine and Division of Regenerative Medicine of Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Henrique Cheng
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Keratinocyte progenitor cells reside in human subcutaneous adipose tissue. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118402. [PMID: 25714344 PMCID: PMC4340933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) towards epithelial lineages has yet to be demonstrated using a standardized method. This study investigated whether keratinocyte progenitor cells are present in the ASC population. ASCs isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue were cultured and examined for the expression of the keratinocyte progenitor markers p63 and desmoglein 3 (DSG3) by immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. In addition, p63 and DSG3 expression levels were assessed before and after differentiation of ASCs into adipocytes by real-time PCR and western blot analysis, as well as in subcutaneous adipose tissue by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Both markers were expressed in ASCs, but were downregulated after the differentiation of ASCs into adipocytes; p63-positive cells were also detected in subcutaneous adipose tissue. ASCs co-cultured with human fibroblasts and incubated with all-trans retinoic acid and bone morphologic protein 4 showed an upregulation in DSG3 level, which was also increased in the presence of type IV collagen. They also showed an upregulation in cytokeratin-5 level only in the presence of type IV collagen. These results provide the demonstration that keratinocyte progenitor cells reside in subcutaneous adipose tissue.
Collapse
|
35
|
Eisenstein A, Carroll SH, Johnston-Cox H, Farb M, Gokce N, Ravid K. An adenosine receptor-Krüppel-like factor 4 protein axis inhibits adipogenesis. J Biol Chem 2015; 289:21071-81. [PMID: 24928509 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.566406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis represents a key process in adipose tissue development and remodeling, including during obesity. Exploring the regulation of adipogenesis by extracellular ligands is fundamental to our understanding of this process. Adenosine, an extracellular nucleoside signaling molecule found in adipose tissue depots, acts on adenosine receptors. Here we report that, among these receptors, the A2b adenosine receptor (A2bAR) is highly expressed in adipocyte progenitors. Activation of the A2bAR potently inhibits differentiation of mouse stromal vascular cells into adipocytes, whereas A2bAR knockdown stimulates adipogenesis. The A2bAR inhibits differentiation through a novel signaling cascade involving sustained expression of Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), a regulator of stem cell maintenance. Knockdown of KLF4 ablates the ability of the A2bAR to inhibit differentiation. A2bAR activation also inhibits adipogenesis in a human primary preadipocyte culture system. We analyzed the A2bARKLF4 axis in adipose tissue of obese subjects and, intriguingly, found a strong correlation between A2bAR and KLF4 expression in both subcutaneous and visceral human fat. Hence, our study implicates the A2bAR as a regulator of adipocyte differentiation and the A2bAR-KLF4 axis as a potentially significant modulator of adipose biology.
Collapse
|
36
|
Brännmark C, Paul A, Ribeiro D, Magnusson B, Brolén G, Enejder A, Forslöw A. Increased adipogenesis of human adipose-derived stem cells on polycaprolactone fiber matrices. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113620. [PMID: 25419971 PMCID: PMC4242727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With accelerating rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes world-wide, interest in studying the adipocyte and adipose tissue is increasing. Human adipose derived stem cells--differentiated to adipocytes in vitro--are frequently used as a model system for white adipocytes, as most of their pathways and functions resemble mature adipocytes in vivo. However, these cells are not completely like in vivo mature adipocytes. Hosting the cells in a more physiologically relevant environment compared to conventional two-dimensional cell culturing on plastic surfaces, can produce spatial cues that drive the cells towards a more mature state. We investigated the adipogenesis of adipose derived stem cells on electro spun polycaprolactone matrices and compared functionality to conventional two-dimensional cultures as well as to human primary mature adipocytes. To assess the degree of adipogenesis we measured cellular glucose-uptake and lipolysis and used a range of different methods to evaluate lipid accumulation. We compared the averaged results from a whole population with the single cell characteristics--studied by coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy--to gain a comprehensive picture of the cell phenotypes. In adipose derived stem cells differentiated on a polycaprolactone-fiber matrix; an increased sensitivity in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was detected when cells were grown on either aligned or random matrices. Furthermore, comparing differentiation of adipose derived stem cells on aligned polycaprolactone-fiber matrixes, to those differentiated in two-dimensional cultures showed, an increase in the cellular lipid accumulation, and hormone sensitive lipase content. In conclusion, we propose an adipocyte cell model created by differentiation of adipose derived stem cells on aligned polycaprolactone-fiber matrices which demonstrates increased maturity, compared to 2D cultured cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Brännmark
- Reagent and Assay Development Discovery Sciences R&D, Astra Zeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Paul
- Molecular Microscopy Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Diana Ribeiro
- Reagent and Assay Development Discovery Sciences R&D, Astra Zeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
- Molecular Microscopy Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Magnusson
- Reagent and Assay Development Discovery Sciences R&D, Astra Zeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Gabriella Brolén
- Reagent and Assay Development Discovery Sciences R&D, Astra Zeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Annika Enejder
- Molecular Microscopy Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Forslöw
- Reagent and Assay Development Discovery Sciences R&D, Astra Zeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Effects of Securigera securidaca Extract on Lipolysis and Adipogenesis in Diabetic Rats. CHOLESTEROL 2014; 2014:582106. [PMID: 25161769 PMCID: PMC4137550 DOI: 10.1155/2014/582106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with dysregulation of adipose tissue metabolism and increased level of serum lipids. In our previous work we found that Securigera securidaca decreases cholesterol level in blood of diabetic rats. The present study was carried out to further investigate the effects of this plant on lipid metabolism, lipolysis, and adipogenesis, in diabetic rats. Female Wistar rats were rendered diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Retroperitoneal adipose tissue was removed from diabetic animals after seven days of streptozotocin injection. Effect of hydroalcoholic extract of S. securidaca seeds (100-800 μg/mL) on adipose tissue lipolysis was evaluated in ex vivo condition. Also, to evaluate adipogenesis, preadipocytes were isolated from adipose tissue and differentiated to adipocytes in the presence of the extract. The extract at concentration of 800 μg/mL decreased both basal and catecholamine-stimulated lipolysis (P < 0.05). Incubation of differentiating preadipocytes with 800 μg/mL of S. securidaca extract decreased intracellular lipid droplet accumulation as evaluated with Oil Red O staining (P < 0.001). The extract even at high concentrations had no effect on viability of preadipocytes. In conclusion, S. securidaca decreases lipolysis and adipogenesis without cytotoxicity, which makes it a good candidate for management of dyslipidemia and reduction of cardiovascular risks in diabetes.
Collapse
|
38
|
Rowan BG, Gimble JM, Sheng M, Anbalagan M, Jones RK, Frazier TP, Asher M, Lacayo EA, Friedlander PL, Kutner R, Chiu ES. Human adipose tissue-derived stromal/stem cells promote migration and early metastasis of triple negative breast cancer xenografts. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89595. [PMID: 24586900 PMCID: PMC3938488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fat grafting is used to restore breast defects after surgical resection of breast tumors. Supplementing fat grafts with adipose tissue-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) is proposed to improve the regenerative/restorative ability of the graft and retention. However, long term safety for ASC grafting in proximity of residual breast cancer cells is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of human ASCs derived from abdominal lipoaspirates of three donors, on a human breast cancer model that exhibits early metastasis. Methodology/Principal Findings Human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells represents “triple negative” breast cancer that exhibits early micrometastasis to multiple mouse organs [1]. Human ASCs were derived from abdominal adipose tissue from three healthy female donors. Indirect co-culture of MDA-MB-231 cells with ASCs, as well as direct co-culture demonstrated that ASCs had no effect on MDA-MB-231 growth. Indirect co-culture, and ASC conditioned medium (CM) stimulated migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. ASC/RFP cells from two donors co-injected with MDA-MB-231/GFP cells exhibited a donor effect for stimulation of primary tumor xenografts. Both ASC donors stimulated metastasis. ASC/RFP cells were viable, and integrated with MDA-MB-231/GFP cells in the tumor. Tumors from the co-injection group of one ASC donor exhibited elevated vimentin, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), IL-8, VEGF and microvessel density. The co-injection group exhibited visible metastases to the lung/liver and enlarged spleen not evident in mice injected with MDA-MB-231/GFP alone. Quantitation of the total area of GFP fluorescence and human chromosome 17 DNA in mouse organs, H&E stained paraffin sections and fluorescent microscopy confirmed multi-focal metastases to lung/liver/spleen in the co-injection group without evidence of ASC/RFP cells. Conclusions Human ASCs derived from abdominal lipoaspirates of two donors stimulated metastasis of MDA-MB-231 breast tumor xenografts to multiple mouse organs. MDA-MB-231 tumors co-injected with ASCs from one donor exhibited partial EMT, expression of MMP-9, and increased angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian G. Rowan
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BGR); (ESC)
| | - Jeffrey M. Gimble
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Mei Sheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Muralidharan Anbalagan
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Ryan K. Jones
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Trivia P. Frazier
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Majdouline Asher
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Eduardo A. Lacayo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Paul L. Friedlander
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Robert Kutner
- Gene Therapy Program, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Ernest S. Chiu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BGR); (ESC)
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lee MJ, Fried SK. The glucocorticoid receptor, not the mineralocorticoid receptor, plays the dominant role in adipogenesis and adipokine production in human adipocytes. Int J Obes (Lond) 2014; 38:1228-33. [PMID: 24430397 PMCID: PMC4321810 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2014.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Both the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) are expressed in adipose tissue and assumed to mediate cortisol actions on adipose tissue. The relative significance of the two receptors in mediating glucocorticoid regulation of adipogenesis and adipokine expression in human adipocytes has not been addressed. Methods We investigated the differential roles of the GR and MR in mediating glucocorticoid actions on adipogenesis and adipokine production using RNA interference in primary cultures of human preadipocytes and adipocytes. RESULTS Both types of receptors are expressed, but levels of GR were several hundred fold higher than MR in both human preadipocytes and adipocytes. As expected, cortisol added during adipogenesis increased the differentiation of human preadipocytes. Silencing of GR, but not MR, blocked these proadipogenic actions of cortisol. In differentiated human adipocytes, addition of cortisol increased leptin and adiponectin, while suppressing IL-6, mRNA levels and protein secretion. Knockdown of GR by 65% decreased leptin and adiponectin while increasing IL-6 production. In addition, GR silencing blocked the effects of cortisol on adipokine expression. In contrast, although MR knockdown increased leptin, it did not affect adiponectin and IL-6 expression. Conclusion Our data demonstrate that although both GR and MR have roles in regulating leptin expression, GR plays more important roles in mediating the actions of cortisol to regulate adipogenesis and adipokine production in human adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M-J Lee
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S K Fried
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Greenwood-Goodwin M, Teasley ES, Heilshorn SC. Dual-stage growth factor release within 3D protein-engineered hydrogel niches promotes adipogenesis. Biomater Sci 2014; 2:1627-1639. [PMID: 25309741 DOI: 10.1039/c4bm00142g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Engineered biomimetic microenvironments from hydrogels are an emerging strategy to achieve lineage-specific differentiation in vitro. In addition to recapitulating critical matrix cues found in the native three-dimensional (3D) niche, the hydrogel can also be designed to deliver soluble factors that are present within the native inductive microenvironment. We demonstrate a versatile materials approach for the dual-stage delivery of multiple soluble factors within a 3D hydrogel to induce adipogenesis. We use a Mixing-Induced Two-Component Hydrogel (MITCH) embedded with alginate microgels to deliver two pro-adipogenic soluble factors, fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF-1) and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4) with two distinct delivery profiles. We show that dual-stage delivery of FGF-1 and BMP-4 to human adipose-derived stromal cells (hADSCs) significantly increases lipid accumulation compared with the simultaneous delivery of both growth factors together. Furthermore, dual-stage growth factor delivery within a 3D hydrogel resulted in substantially more lipid accumulation compared to identical delivery profiles in 2D cultures. Gene expression analysis shows upregulation of key adipogenic markers indicative of brown-like adipocytes. These data suggest that dual-stage release of FGF-1 and BMP-4 within 3D microenvironments can promote the in vitro development of mature adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric S Teasley
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sarah C Heilshorn
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States ; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lee MJ, Fried SK. Optimal protocol for the differentiation and metabolic analysis of human adipose stromal cells. Methods Enzymol 2014; 538:49-65. [PMID: 24529433 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800280-3.00004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is reaching epidemic proportions so there is growing interest in the mechanisms that regulates adipose tissue development and function. Although murine adipose cell lines are useful for many mechanistic studies, primary human adipose stromal cells (ASCs), which can be isolated from distinct adipose depots and cultured in vitro, have clear translational relevance. We describe the methods to isolate, culture, and differentiate human ASCs to adipocytes that respond to physiologically relevant hormones, such as insulin and β-adrenergic agonists. We also describe methods for assaying hormonal effects on glucose transport and lipolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Jeong Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Susan K Fried
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ghorbani A, Jalali SA, Varedi M. Isolation of adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells without tissue destruction: a non-enzymatic method. Tissue Cell 2013; 46:54-8. [PMID: 24321269 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The conventional enzymatic method is widely used for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolation from adipose tissue. The method holds major drawbacks; it is costly, time-consuming and results in a heterogeneous cell population. Besides, digestion of extracellular matrix causes cell injury and compromise proliferation and differentiation of the cells. Also, because of over handling the samples are also prone to contamination. Here, we introduce a non-enzymatic method for MSCs isolation without disturbing the cells habitat. Small pieces of adipose tissue obtained from animal or human liposuction were explanted into a culture flask, immobilized by fetal bovine serum (FBS) and incubated overnight. The explants were then irrigated with DMEM containing FBS. Within few days, the fibroblast-like cells migrated from the tissue and proliferated rapidly. When subconfluent, the cells were harvested, expanded through 3 passages and used for immunophenotyping and differentiation assays. As judged by flow cytometric analysis of surface markers (CD44(+), CD105(+), CD34(-), CD45(-)), Oil Red O and Alizarin Red staining, the MSCs isolated by our non-enzymatic method were pluripotent and exhibited the potential for differentiation into adipocyte and osteoblast. Great isolation yields, homogeneity of isolated cells, brief procedure, and high economy are the advantages of our method over the conventional protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ghorbani
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
| | - Seyed Amir Jalali
- Immunogenetic and Cell Culture Department, Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Varedi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wei C, Liu X, Tao J, Wu R, Zhang P, Bian Y, Li Y, Fang F, Zhang Y. Effects of vitamin C on characteristics retaining of in vitro-cultured mouse adipose-derived stem cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2013; 50:75-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-013-9673-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
44
|
Gunasekaran MK, Viranaicken W, Girard AC, Festy F, Cesari M, Roche R, Hoareau L. Inflammation triggers high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) secretion in adipose tissue, a potential link to obesity. Cytokine 2013; 64:103-11. [PMID: 23938155 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low grade inflammation is one of the major metabolic disorders in case of obesity due to variable secretion of adipose derived cytokines called adipokines. Recently the nuclear protein HMGB1 was identified as an inflammatory alarmin in obesity associated diseases. However HMGB1 role in adipose tissue inflammation is not yet studied. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to prove the expression of HMGB1 in human adipose tissue and to assess the levels of expression between normo-weight and obese individuals. Furthermore we determined which type of cells within adipose tissue is involved in HMGB1 production under inflammatory signal. METHODS Western-blot was performed on protein lysates from human normo-weight and obese adipose tissue to study the differential HMGB1 expression. Human normo-weight adipose tissue, adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) and adipocytes were cultured and stimulated with LPS to induce inflammation. HMGB1, IL-6 and MCP-1 secretion and gene expression were quantified by ELISA and Q-PCR respectively, as well as cell death by LDH assay. HMGB1 translocation during inflammation was tracked down by immunofluorescence in ASCs. RESULTS HMGB1 was expressed 2-fold more in adipose tissue from obese compared to normo-weight individuals. LPS led to an up-regulation in HMGB1 secretion and gene expression in ASCs, while no change was noticed in adipocytes. Moreover, this HMGB1 release was not attributable to any cell death. In LPS-stimulated ASCs, HMGB1 translocation from nucleus to cytoplasm was detectable at 12h and the nuclear HMGB1 was completely drained out after 24h of treatment. CONCLUSION The expression level studies between adipose tissue from normo-weight and obese individuals together with in vitro results strongly suggest that adipose tissue secretes HMGB1 in response to inflammatory signals which characterized obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Gunasekaran
- Groupe d'Etude sur l'Inflammation Chronique et l'Obésité (GEICO), University of Reunion Island, CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97 490 Sainte-Clotilde, Reunion
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Classic brown fat and inducible beige fat both dissipate chemical energy in the form of heat through the actions of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1. This nonshivering thermogenesis is crucial for mammals as a defense against cold and obesity/diabetes. Cold is known to act indirectly through the sympathetic nervous systems and β-adrenergic signaling, but here we report that cool temperature (27-33 °C) can directly activate a thermogenic gene program in adipocytes in a cell-autonomous manner. White and beige fat cells respond to cool temperatures, but classic brown fat cells do not. Importantly, this activation in isolated cells is independent of the canonical cAMP/Protein Kinase A/cAMP response element-binding protein pathway downstream of the β-adrenergic receptors. These findings provide an unusual insight into the role of adipose tissues in thermoregulation, as well as an alternative way to target nonshivering thermogenesis for treatment of obesity and metabolic diseases.
Collapse
|
46
|
Neo PY, See EYS, Toh SL, Goh JCH. Temporal profiling of the growth and multi-lineage potentiality of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells cell-sheets. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 10:564-79. [PMID: 23784965 DOI: 10.1002/term.1776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell-sheet tissue engineering retains the benefits of an intact extracellular matrix (ECM) and can be used to produce scaffold-free constructs. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) are multipotent and more easily obtainable than the commonly used bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs). Although BMSC cell sheets have been previously reported to display multipotentiality, a detailed study of the development and multilineage potential of ASC cell sheets (ASC-CSs) is non-existent in the literature. The aims of this study were to temporally profile: (a) the effect of hyperconfluent culture duration on ASC-CSs development; and (b) the multipotentiality of ASC-CSs by differentiation into the osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages. Rabbit ASCs were first isolated and cultured until confluence (day 0). The confluent cells were then cultured in ascorbic acid-supplemented medium for 3 weeks to study cell metabolic activity, cell sheet thickness and early differentiation gene expressions at weekly time points. ASC-CSs and ASCs were then differentiated into the three lineages, using established protocols, and assessed by RT-PCR and histology at multiple time points. ASC-CSs remained healthy up to 3 weeks of hyperconfluent culture. One week-old cell sheets displayed upregulation of early differentiation gene markers (Runx2 and Sox9); however, subsequent differentiation results indicated that they did not necessarily translate to an improved phenotype. ASCs within the preformed cell sheet groups did not differentiate as efficiently as the non-hyperconfluent ASCs, which were directly differentiated. Although ASCs within the cell sheets retained their differentiation capacity and remained viable under prolonged hyperconfluent conditions, future applications of ASC-CSs in tissue engineering should be considered with care. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Puay Yong Neo
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore
| | - Eugene Yong-Shun See
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore
| | - Siew Lok Toh
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore
| | - James Cho-Hong Goh
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Lin Loo School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lee MJ, Wu Y, Fried SK. A modified protocol to maximize differentiation of human preadipocytes and improve metabolic phenotypes. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2012; 20:2334-40. [PMID: 22627913 PMCID: PMC4320940 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2012.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Adipose stromal cells proliferate and differentiate into adipocytes, providing a valuable model system for studies of adipocyte biology. We compared differentiation protocols for human preadipocytes and report on their metabolic phenotypes. By simply prolonging the adipogenic induction period from the first 3 to 7 days, the proportion of cells acquiring adipocyte morphology increased from 30-70% to over 80% in human subcutaneous preadipocytes (passages 5-6). These morphological changes were accompanied by increases in the adipogenic marker expression and improved adipocyte metabolic phenotypes: enhanced responses to β-adrenergically stimulated lipolysis and to insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism into triglyceride (TG). Confirming previous studies, fetal bovine serum (FBS) dose-dependently inhibited adipogenesis. However, in subcutaneous preadipocytes that differentiate well (donor-dependant high capacity and subcultured fewer than two times), the use of 7d-induction protocols in both 3% FBS and serum-free conditions allowed >80% differentiation. Responsiveness to β-adrenergically stimulated lipolysis was lower in 3% FBS. Rates of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake were higher in adipocytes differentiated with 3% FBS, whereas the sensitivity to insulin was almost identical between the two groups. In summary, extending the length of the induction period in adipogenic cocktail improves the degree of differentiation and responses to key metabolic hormones. This protocol permits functional analysis of metabolic phenotypes in valuable primary human adipocyte cultures through multiple passages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Jeong Lee
- Correspondence to Mi-Jeong Lee PhD, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, 650 Albany St, EBRC-810, Boston, MA 02118 Tel: 617-638-8258; Fax: 617-638-7124;
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Burns JS, Safwat A, Grisendi G, Kassem M, Dominici M. Sarcomas as a mise en abyme of mesenchymal stem cells: exploiting interrelationships for cell mediated anticancer therapy. Cancer Lett 2012; 325:1-10. [PMID: 22659735 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mise en abyme meaning "placed into abyss or infinite recurrence" is an apt paradigm for the relentless growth of sarcoma cells. Its alternative meaning, "self-reflexive embedding" fits the central role attributed to cancer stem cells (CSCs). Diversely sourced and defined, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be the cells of sarcoma origin, evolve a CSC phenotype and/or contribute to tumor growth through inherent qualities for homing, neovascularization, paracrine cross-feeding, microvesicle secretion, cell fusion, entosis and immune modulation. Exploiting these qualities, MSC expressing modified forms of the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (Apo2L/TRAIL) are being developed to complement more conventional radiation and chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge S Burns
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Advanced Cancer Therapies, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Respiratory Disease, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|