1
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Puppala M, Carrothers JE, Asad N, Bernard MA, Kim DS, Widegren MB, Dore TM. Sensitized 1-Acyl-7-nitroindolines with Enhanced Two-Photon Cross Sections for Release of Neurotransmitters. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:3578-3596. [PMID: 36484374 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise photochemical control, using two-photon excitation (2PE), of the timing and location of activation of glutamate is useful for studying the molecular and cellular physiology of the brain. Antenna-based light harvesting strategies represent a general method to increase the sensitivity to 2PE of otherwise insensitive photoremovable protecting groups (PPGs). This was applied to the most commonly used form of "caged" glutamate, MNI-Glu. Computational investigation showed that a four- or six-carbon linker attached between the 4-position of thioxanthone (THX) and the 4-position of the 5-methyl derivative of MNI-Glu (MMNI-Glu) would position the antenna and PPG close to one another to enable Dexter energy transfer. Nine THX-MMNI-Glu conjugates were prepared and their photochemical properties determined. Installation of the THX antenna resulted in a red shift of the absorption (λmax = 385-405 nm) along with increased quantum yield compared to the parent compound MNI-Glu (λmax = 347 nm). The THX-MMNI-Glu conjugate with a four-carbon linker and attachment to the 4-position of THX underwent photolysis via 1PE at 405 and 430 nm and via 2PE at 770 and 860 nm, yielding glutamate. The two-photon uncaging action cross section (δu) was 0.11 and 0.29 GM at 770 and 860, respectively, which was greater than for MNI-Glu (0.06 and 0.072 GM at 720 and 770 nm, respectively). The THX sensitizer harvested the light via 2PE and transferred its resulting triplet energy to MMNI-Glu. Release of glutamate through 2PE at 860 nm from the compound (100 μM) activated iGluSnFR, a genetically encoded, fluorescent glutamate sensor, on the surface of cells in culture, portending its usefulness in studies of neurophysiology in acute brain slice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manohar Puppala
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jasmine E Carrothers
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nadeem Asad
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mark A Bernard
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Daniel S Kim
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Magnus B Widegren
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Timothy M Dore
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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2
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Kashima H, Kamiya M, Obata F, Kojima R, Nakano S, Miura M, Urano Y. Photoactivatable fluorophores for durable labelling of individual cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5802-5805. [PMID: 33999073 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01488a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We have designed and developed non-fluorescent, cell-permeable photoactivatable fluorophores, photoactivatable SPiDERs (paSPiDERs), which exhibit fluorescence activation upon light irradiation, accompanied by the generation of a quinone methide intermediate that binds covalently to intracellular proteins. The fluorescence signal is durable for 24 hours, resistant to fixation and compatible with immunostaining, and selective cell labeling can be achieved at single-cell resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kashima
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Mako Kamiya
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Fumiaki Obata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan and RIKEN, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kojima
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. and PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Shotaro Nakano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan and AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
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Asad N, McLain DE, Condon AF, Gore S, Hampton SE, Vijay S, Williams JT, Dore TM. Photoactivatable Dopamine and Sulpiride to Explore the Function of Dopaminergic Neurons and Circuits. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:939-951. [PMID: 32077679 PMCID: PMC7101055 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinetic analysis of dopamine receptor activation and inactivation and the study of dopamine-dependent signaling requires precise simulation of the presynaptic release of the neurotransmitter dopamine and tight temporal control over the release of dopamine receptor antagonists. The 8-cyano-7-hydroxyquinolinyl (CyHQ) photoremovable protecting group was conjugated to dopamine and the dopamine receptor antagonist sulpiride to generate "caged" versions of these neuromodulators (CyHQ-O-DA and CyHQ-sulpiride, respectively) that could release their payloads with 365 or 405 nm light or through 2-photon excitation (2PE) at 740 nm. These compounds are stable under physiological conditions in the dark, yet photolyze rapidly and cleanly to yield dopamine or sulpiride and the caging remnant CyHQ-OH. CyHQ-O-DA mediated the light activation of dopamine-1 (D1) receptors on the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 in culture. In mouse brain slice from the substantia nigra pars compacta, localized flash photolysis of CyHQ-O-DA accurately mimicked the natural presynaptic release of dopamine and activation of dopamine-2 (D2) receptors, causing a robust, concentration-dependent, and repeatable G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel-mediated outward current in whole-cell voltage clamp recordings that was amplified by cocaine and blocked by sulpiride. Photolysis of CyHQ-sulpiride rapidly blocked synaptic activity, enabling measurement of the unbinding rates of dopamine and quinpirole, a D2 receptor agonist. These tools will enable more detailed study of dopamine receptors, their interactions with other GPCRs, and the physiology of dopamine signaling in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Asad
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Duncan E. McLain
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Alec F. Condon
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Sangram Gore
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shahienaz E. Hampton
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sauparnika Vijay
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - John T. Williams
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Timothy M. Dore
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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4
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Photochemical electrocyclization and leaving group expulsion with a naphthothiophene-2-carboxanilide linked to a chromophore. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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5
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Gorka AP, Nani RR, Schnermann MJ. Harnessing Cyanine Reactivity for Optical Imaging and Drug Delivery. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:3226-3235. [PMID: 30418020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Optical approaches that visualize and manipulate biological processes have transformed modern biomedical research. An enduring challenge is to translate these powerful methods into increasingly complex physiological settings. Longer wavelengths, typically in the near-infrared (NIR) range (∼650-900 nm), can enable advances in both fundamental and clinical settings; however, suitable probe molecules are needed. The pentamethine and heptamethine cyanines, led by prototypes Cy5 and Cy7, are among the most useful compounds for fluorescence-based applications, finding broad use in a range of contexts. The defining chemical feature of these molecules, and the key chromophoric element, is an odd-numbered polymethine that links two nitrogen atoms. Not only a light-harvesting functional group, the cyanine chromophore is subject to thermal and photochemical reactions that dramatically alter many properties of these molecules. This Account describes our recent studies to define and use intrinsic cyanine chromophore reactivity. The hypothesis driving this research is that novel chemistries that manipulate the cyanine chromophore can be used to address challenging problems in the areas of imaging and drug delivery. We first review reaction discovery efforts that seek to address two limitations of long-wavelength fluorophores: undesired thiol reactivity and modest fluorescence quantum yield. Heptamethine cyanines with an O-alkyl substituent at the central C4' carbon were prepared through a novel N- to O-transposition reaction. Unlike commonly used C4'-phenol variants, this new class of fluorophores is resistant to thiol modification and exhibits improved in vivo imaging properties when used as antibody tags. We have also developed a chemical strategy to enhance the quantum yield of far-red pentamethine cyanines. Using a synthetic strategy involving a cross metathesis/tetracyclization sequence, this approach conformationally restrains the pentamethine cyanine scaffold. The resulting molecules exhibit enhanced quantum yield (ΦF = 0.69 vs ΦF = 0.15). Furthermore, conformational restraint improves interconversion between reduced hydrocyanine and intact cyanine forms, which enables super resolution microscopy. This Account then highlights efforts to use cyanine photochemical reactivity for NIR photocaging. Our approach involves the deliberate use of cyanine photooxidation, a reaction previously only associated with photodegradation. The uncaging reaction sequence is initiated by photooxidative chromophore cleavage (using wavelengths of up to 780 nm), which prompts a C-N bond hydrolysis/cyclization sequence resulting in phenol liberation. This approach has been applied to generate the first NIR-activated antibody-drug conjugates. Tumor uptake can be monitored in vivo using NIR fluorescence, prior to uncaging with an external irradiation source. This NIR uncaging strategy can slow tumor progression and increase survival in a MDA-MB-468- luc mouse model. Broadly, the vantage point of cyanine reactivity is providing novel probe molecules with auspicious features for use in complex imaging and drug delivery settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P. Gorka
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Roger R. Nani
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Martin J. Schnermann
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 20850, United States
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6
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Gorka AP, Yamamoto T, Zhu J, Schnermann MJ. Cyanine Photocages Enable Spatial Control of Inducible Cre-Mediated Recombination. Chembiochem 2018; 19:1239-1243. [PMID: 29473264 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Optical control over protein expression could provide a means to interrogate a range of biological processes. One approach has employed caged ligands of the estrogen receptor (ER) in combination with broadly used ligand-dependent Cre recombinase proteins. Existing approaches use UV or blue wavelengths, which hinders their application in tissue settings. Additionally, issues of payload diffusion can impede fine spatial control over the recombination process. Here, we detail the chemical optimization of a near-infrared (NIR) light-activated variant of the ER antagonist cyclofen. These studies resulted in modification of both the caging group and payload with lipophilic n-butyl esters. The appendage of esters to the cyanine cage improved cellular uptake and retention. The installation of a 4-piperidyl ester enabled high spatial resolution of the light-initiated Cre-mediated recombination event. These studies described chemical modifications with potential general utility for improving spatial control of intracellular caging strategies. Additionally, these efforts will enable future applications to use these molecules in complex physiological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Gorka
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.,Present Address: Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Yamamoto
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Jianjian Zhu
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Martin J Schnermann
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
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7
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Goegan B, Terzi F, Bolze F, Cambridge S, Specht A. Synthesis and Characterization of Photoactivatable Doxycycline Analogues Bearing Two-Photon-Sensitive Photoremovable Groups Suitable for Light-Induced Gene Expression. Chembiochem 2018; 19:1341-1348. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Goegan
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives; UMR 7199; CNRS; Faculté de Pharmacie; Université de Strasbourg; 74 Route du Rhin 67400 Illkirch France
| | - Firat Terzi
- University of Heidelberg; Department of Functional Neuroanatomy; Im Neuenheimer Feld 307 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frédéric Bolze
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives; UMR 7199; CNRS; Faculté de Pharmacie; Université de Strasbourg; 74 Route du Rhin 67400 Illkirch France
| | - Sidney Cambridge
- University of Heidelberg; Department of Functional Neuroanatomy; Im Neuenheimer Feld 307 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Alexandre Specht
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives; UMR 7199; CNRS; Faculté de Pharmacie; Université de Strasbourg; 74 Route du Rhin 67400 Illkirch France
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8
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Zhang H, Trout WS, Liu S, Andrade GA, Hudson DA, Scinto SL, Dicker KT, Li Y, Lazouski N, Rosenthal J, Thorpe C, Jia X, Fox JM. Rapid Bioorthogonal Chemistry Turn-on through Enzymatic or Long Wavelength Photocatalytic Activation of Tetrazine Ligation. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:5978-83. [PMID: 27078610 PMCID: PMC4920269 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b02168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Rapid bioorthogonal reactivity can be induced by controllable, catalytic stimuli using air as the oxidant. Methylene blue (4 μM) irradiated with red light (660 nm) catalyzes the rapid oxidation of a dihydrotetrazine to a tetrazine thereby turning on reactivity toward trans-cyclooctene dienophiles. Alternately, the aerial oxidation of dihydrotetrazines can be efficiently catalyzed by nanomolar levels of horseradish peroxidase under peroxide-free conditions. Selection of dihydrotetrazine/tetrazine pairs of sufficient kinetic stability in aerobic aqueous solutions is key to the success of these approaches. In this work, polymer fibers carrying latent dihydrotetrazines were catalytically activated and covalently modified by trans-cyclooctene conjugates of small molecules, peptides, and proteins. In addition to visualization with fluorophores, fibers conjugated to a cell adhesive peptide exhibited a dramatically increased ability to mediate contact guidance of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University o f Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - William S. Trout
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University o f Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Gabriel A. Andrade
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University o f Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Devin A. Hudson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University o f Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Samuel L. Scinto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University o f Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Kevin T. Dicker
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University o f Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Nikifar Lazouski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University o f Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Joel Rosenthal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University o f Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Colin Thorpe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University o f Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Xinqiao Jia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Joseph M. Fox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University o f Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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9
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de Gracia Lux C, Lux J, Collet G, He S, Chan M, Olejniczak J, Foucault-Collet A, Almutairi A. Short Soluble Coumarin Crosslinkers for Light-Controlled Release of Cells and Proteins from Hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:3286-96. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline de Gracia Lux
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, §Department of NanoEngineering, ‡Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, and ∥Center for Excellence in Nanomedicine and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0600, United States
| | - Jacques Lux
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, §Department of NanoEngineering, ‡Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, and ∥Center for Excellence in Nanomedicine and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0600, United States
| | - Guillaume Collet
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, §Department of NanoEngineering, ‡Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, and ∥Center for Excellence in Nanomedicine and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0600, United States
| | - Sha He
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, §Department of NanoEngineering, ‡Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, and ∥Center for Excellence in Nanomedicine and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0600, United States
| | - Minnie Chan
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, §Department of NanoEngineering, ‡Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, and ∥Center for Excellence in Nanomedicine and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0600, United States
| | - Jason Olejniczak
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, §Department of NanoEngineering, ‡Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, and ∥Center for Excellence in Nanomedicine and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0600, United States
| | - Alexandra Foucault-Collet
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, §Department of NanoEngineering, ‡Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, and ∥Center for Excellence in Nanomedicine and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0600, United States
| | - Adah Almutairi
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, §Department of NanoEngineering, ‡Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, and ∥Center for Excellence in Nanomedicine and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0600, United States
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10
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Gorka AP, Nani RR, Schnermann MJ. Cyanine polyene reactivity: scope and biomedical applications. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:7584-98. [PMID: 26052876 PMCID: PMC7780248 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00788g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cyanines are indispensable fluorophores that form the chemical basis of many fluorescence-based applications. A feature that distinguishes cyanines from other common fluorophores is an exposed polyene linker that is both crucial to absorption and emission and subject to covalent reactions that dramatically alter these optical properties. Over the past decade, reactions involving the cyanine polyene have been used as foundational elements for a range of biomedical techniques. These include the optical sensing of biological analytes, super-resolution imaging, and near-IR light-initiated uncaging. This review surveys the chemical reactivity of the cyanine polyene and the biomedical methods enabled by these reactions. The overarching goal is to highlight the multifaceted nature of cyanine chemistry and biology, as well as to point out the key role of reactivity-based insights in this promising area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Gorka
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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11
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Tran C, Gallavardin T, Petit M, Slimi R, Dhimane H, Blanchard-Desce M, Acher FC, Ogden D, Dalko PI. Two-photon "caging" groups: effect of position isomery on the photorelease properties of aminoquinoline-derived photolabile protecting groups. Org Lett 2015; 17:402-5. [PMID: 25625881 DOI: 10.1021/ol5035035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
High two-photon photolysis cross sections and water solubility of probes are important to avoid toxicity in biomedical applications of photolysis. Systematic variation of the position of a carboxyl electron-withdrawing group (EWG) on photolysis of 8-dimethylaminoquinoline protecting groups identified the C5-substituted isomer as a privileged dipole. The 5-benzoyl-8-DMAQ substitution yields a caging group with an enhanced two-photon uncaging cross section (δu = 2.0 GM) and good water solubility (c ≤ 50 mM, pH 7.4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Tran
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, UMR8601-CNRS, Université Paris Descartes , 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France
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12
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Paret N, Trachsel A, Berthier DL, Herrmann A. Controlled release of encapsulated bioactive volatiles by rupture of the capsule wall through the light-induced generation of a gas. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:2275-9. [PMID: 25589352 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The encapsulation of photolabile 2-oxoacetates in core-shell microcapsules allows the light-induced, controlled release of bioactive compounds. On irradiation with UVA light these compounds degrade to generate an overpressure of gas inside the capsules, which expands or breaks the capsule wall. Headspace measurements confirmed the light-induced formation of CO and CO2 and the successful release of the bioactive compound, while optical microscopy demonstrated the formation of gas bubbles, the cleavage of the capsule wall, and the leakage of the oil phase out of the capsule. The efficiency of the delivery system depends on the structure of the 2-oxoacetate, the quantity used with respect to the thickness of the capsule wall, and the intensity of the irradiating UVA light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Paret
- Firmenich SA, Division Recherche et Développement, Route des Jeunes 1, B. P. 239, 1211 Genève 8 (Switzerland) http://www.firmenich.com
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13
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Paret N, Trachsel A, Berthier DL, Herrmann A. Kontrollierte Freisetzung von verkapselten flüchtigen bioaktiven Verbindungen durch Brechen der Kapselwand als Folge einer lichtinduzierten Gasbildung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Charlon M, Trachsel A, Paret N, Frascotti L, Berthier DL, Herrmann A. “Old” chemistry in a new context: photocleavable 2-oxoacetate-containing latex dispersions and core–shell microcapsules for the controlled release of volatile compounds. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00162e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
2-Oxoacetates polymerised into nanoparticles or encapsulated in microcapsules are stable against hydrolysis and release fragrances on UVA irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Charlon
- Firmenich SA
- Materials Science
- Corporate R&D Division
- CH-1211 Genève 8
- Switzerland
| | - Alain Trachsel
- Firmenich SA
- Materials Science
- Corporate R&D Division
- CH-1211 Genève 8
- Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Paret
- Firmenich SA
- Materials Science
- Corporate R&D Division
- CH-1211 Genève 8
- Switzerland
| | - Laurence Frascotti
- Firmenich SA
- Materials Science
- Corporate R&D Division
- CH-1211 Genève 8
- Switzerland
| | - Damien L. Berthier
- Firmenich SA
- Materials Science
- Corporate R&D Division
- CH-1211 Genève 8
- Switzerland
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Firmenich SA
- Materials Science
- Corporate R&D Division
- CH-1211 Genève 8
- Switzerland
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15
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Gorka AP, Nani RR, Zhu J, Mackem S, Schnermann MJ. A near-IR uncaging strategy based on cyanine photochemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:14153-9. [PMID: 25211609 PMCID: PMC4195383 DOI: 10.1021/ja5065203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
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The development of photocaging groups
activated by near-IR light
would enable new approaches for basic research and allow for spatial
and temporal control of drug delivery. Here we report a near-IR light-initiated
uncaging reaction sequence based on readily synthesized C4′-dialkylamine-substituted
heptamethine cyanines. Phenol-containing small molecules are uncaged
through sequential release of the C4′-amine and intramolecular
cyclization. The release sequence is initiated by a previously unexploited
photochemical reaction of the cyanine fluorophore scaffold. The uncaging
process is compatible with biological milieu and is initiated with
low intensity 690 nm light. We show that cell viability can be inhibited
through light-dependent release of the estrogen receptor antagonist,
4-hydroxycyclofen. In addition, through uncaging of the same compound,
gene expression is controlled with near-IR light in a ligand-dependent
CreERT/LoxP-reporter cell line derived from transgenic
mice. These studies provide a chemical foundation that we expect will
enable specific delivery of small molecules using cytocompatible,
tissue penetrant near-IR light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Gorka
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute , 376 Boyles Street, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
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16
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Synthesis and Characterization of Cell-Permeable Caged Phosphates that Can Be Photolyzed by Visible Light or 800 nm Two-Photon Photolysis. Chembiochem 2013; 14:2277-83. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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17
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Photoinitiated release of an aziridinium ion precursor for the temporally controlled alkylation of nucleophiles. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:2395-8. [PMID: 23489632 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A photo-activatable aziridinium precursor has been developed to investigate the possibility of a photo-initiated traditional nucleophilic reaction. The photolysis of a quaternary amine yields a tertiary amine and has allowed us to temporally control aziridinium formation and subsequent alkylation of a colorimetric nucleophilic reporter molecule. We have also used this photo-initiated reaction to alkylate a sulfhydryl group. This new photo-initiated alkylation strategy is water-soluble and expands the toolkit of photo-activated crosslinkers for protein labeling research.
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18
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Bort G, Gallavardin T, Ogden D, Dalko PI. From One-Photon to Two-Photon Probes: “Caged” Compounds, Actuators, and Photoswitches. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:4526-37. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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19
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Bort G, Gallavardin T, Ogden D, Dalko PI. Von Ein- zu Zwei-Photonen-Sonden: photoaktivierbare Reagentien, Aktuatoren und Photoschalter. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201204203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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20
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Picard S, Genin E, Clermont G, Hugues V, Mongin O, Blanchard-Desce M. Octupolar chimeric compounds built from quinoline caged acetate moieties: a novel approach for 2-photon uncaging of biomolecules. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj00833a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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21
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Abate-Pella D, Zeliadt NA, Ochocki JD, Warmka JK, Dore TM, Blank DA, Wattenberg EV, Distefano MD. Photochemical modulation of Ras-mediated signal transduction using caged farnesyltransferase inhibitors: activation by one- and two-photon excitation. Chembiochem 2012; 13:1009-16. [PMID: 22492666 PMCID: PMC3436068 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The creation of caged molecules involves the attachment of protecting groups to biologically active compounds such as ligands, substrates and drugs that can be removed under specific conditions. Photoremovable caging groups are the most common due to their ability to be removed with high spatial and temporal resolution. Here, the synthesis and photochemistry of a caged inhibitor of protein farnesyltransferase is described. The inhibitor, FTI, was caged by alkylation of a critical thiol group with a bromohydroxycoumarin (Bhc) moiety. While Bhc is well established as a protecting group for carboxylates and phosphates, it has not been extensively used to cage sulfhydryl groups. The resulting caged molecule, Bhc-FTI, can be photolyzed with UV light to release the inhibitor that prevents Ras farnesylation, Ras membrane localization and downstream signaling. Finally, it is shown that Bhc-FTI can be uncaged by two-photon excitation to produce FTI at levels sufficient to inhibit Ras localization and alter cell morphology. Given the widespread involvement of Ras proteins in signal transduction pathways, this caged inhibitor should be useful in a plethora of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Abate-Pella
- Departments of Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 (USA)
| | - Nicholette A. Zeliadt
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 (USA)
| | - Joshua D. Ochocki
- Departments of Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 (USA)
| | - Janel K. Warmka
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 (USA)
| | - Timothy M. Dore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 (USA)
| | - David A. Blank
- Departments of Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 (USA)
| | - Elizabeth V. Wattenberg
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 (USA)
| | - Mark D. Distefano
- Departments of Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 (USA)
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22
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Ma J, Rea AC, An H, Ma C, Guan X, Li MD, Su T, Yeung CS, Harris KT, Zhu Y, Nganga JL, Fedoryak OD, Dore TM, Phillips DL. Unraveling the mechanism of the photodeprotection reaction of 8-bromo- and 8-chloro-7-hydroxyquinoline caged acetates. Chemistry 2012; 18:6854-65. [PMID: 22511356 PMCID: PMC3531613 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Photoremovable protecting groups (PPGs) when conjugated to biological effectors forming "caged compounds" are a powerful means to regulate the action of physiologically active messengers in vivo through 1-photon excitation (1PE) and 2-photon excitation (2PE). Understanding the photodeprotection mechanism is important for their physiological use. We compared the quantum efficiencies and product outcomes in different solvent and pH conditions for the photolysis reactions of (8-chloro-7-hydroxyquinolin-2-yl)methyl acetate (CHQ-OAc) and (8-bromo-7-hydroxyquinolin-2-yl)methyl acetate (BHQ-OAc), representatives of the quinoline class of phototriggers for biological use, and conducted nanosecond time-resolved spectroscopic studies using transient emission (ns-EM), transient absorption (ns-TA), transient resonance Raman (ns-TR(2)), and time-resolved resonance Raman (ns-TR(3)) spectroscopies. The results indicate differences in the photochemical mechanisms and product outcomes, and reveal that the triplet excited state is most likely on the pathway to the product and that dehalogenation competes with release of acetate from BHQ-OAc, but not CHQ-OAc. A high fluorescence quantum yield and a more efficient excited-state proton transfer (ESPT) in CHQ-OAc compared to BHQ-OAc explain the lower quantum efficiency of CHQ-OAc relative to BHQ-OAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Ma
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., P.R. China
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