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Fortin N, Hénaut M, Goyette N, Maltais R, Sancéau JY, Marette A, Poirier D, Abed Y, Boivin G. A protectin DX (PDX) analog with in vitro activity against influenza A(H1N1) viruses. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29484. [PMID: 38402600 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Antiviral therapy based on neuraminidase (oseltamivir) or polymerase (baloxavir marboxil) inhibitors plays an important role in the management of influenza infections. However, the emergence of drug resistance and the uncontrolled inflammatory response are major limitations in the treatment of severe influenza disease. Protectins D1 (PD1) and DX (PDX), part of a family of pro-resolving mediators, have previously demonstrated anti-influenza activity as well as anti-inflammatory properties in various clinical contexts. Herein, we synthetized a series of simplified PDX analogs and assessed their in vitro antiviral activity against influenza A(H1N1) viruses, including oseltamivir- and baloxavir-resistant variants. In ST6GalI-MDCK cells, the PDX analog AN-137B reduced viral replication in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 23.8 for A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1) and between 32.6 and 36.7 µM for susceptible and resistant A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. In MTS-based cell viability experiments, AN-137B showed a 50% cellular cytotoxicity (CC50 ) of 638.7 µM with a resulting selectivity index of 26.8. Of greater importance, the combination of AN-137B with oseltamivir or baloxavir resulted in synergistic and additive in vitro effects, respectively. Treatment of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages with AN-137B resulted in a decrease of iNOS activity as shown by the reduction of nitrite production, suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect. In conclusion, our results indicate that the protectin analog AN-137B constitutes an interesting therapeutic modality against influenza A virus, warranting further evaluation in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Fortin
- Research Center in Infectious Diseases, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Mathilde Hénaut
- Research Center in Infectious Diseases, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Nathalie Goyette
- Research Center in Infectious Diseases, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - René Maltais
- Medicinal Chemistry Platform, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Jean-Yves Sancéau
- Medicinal Chemistry Platform, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Medicinal Chemistry Platform, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Donald Poirier
- Medicinal Chemistry Platform, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Yacine Abed
- Research Center in Infectious Diseases, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Guy Boivin
- Research Center in Infectious Diseases, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
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2
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Nguyen NLT, Wu W, Panté N. Contribution of the Nuclear Localization Sequences of Influenza A Nucleoprotein to the Nuclear Import of the Influenza Genome in Infected Cells. Viruses 2023; 15:1641. [PMID: 37631984 PMCID: PMC10459959 DOI: 10.3390/v15081641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Replication of the RNA genome of influenza A virus occurs in the nucleus of infected cells. The influenza nucleoprotein (NP) associated with the viral RNA into ribonucleoprotein complexes (vRNPs) is involved in the nuclear import of the viral genome. NP has two nuclear localization sequences (NLSs), NLS1 and NLS2. Most studies have concentrated on the role of NP's NLSs using in vitro-assembled or purified vRNPs, which may differ from incoming vRNPs released in the cytoplasm during an infection. Here, we study the contribution of the NP's NLSs to the nuclear import of vRNPs in a cell culture model system for influenza infection: human lung carcinoma cells infected with viruses containing NP-carrying mutations in NLS1 or NLS2 (NLS2MT), generated by reverse genetics. We found that cells infected with these mutant viruses were defective in the nuclear import of incoming vRNPs and produced reduced amounts of newly synthesized NP, newly assembled vRNP, and progeny virus. In addition, NLS2MT-infected cells were also defective in the nucleolar accumulation of NP, confirming the nucleolar localization role of NLS2. Our findings indicate that both NLS1 and NLS2 have to be present for successful infection and demonstrate the crucial role of these two NLSs in the infection cycle of the influenza A virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nelly Panté
- Department of Zoology and Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; (N.L.T.N.); (W.W.)
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3
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Ravikumar R, Chan J, Prabakaran M. Vaccines against Major Poultry Viral Diseases: Strategies to Improve the Breadth and Protective Efficacy. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061195. [PMID: 35746665 PMCID: PMC9230070 DOI: 10.3390/v14061195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The poultry industry is the largest source of meat and eggs for human consumption worldwide. However, viral outbreaks in farmed stock are a common occurrence and a major source of concern for the industry. Mortality and morbidity resulting from an outbreak can cause significant economic losses with subsequent detrimental impacts on the global food supply chain. Mass vaccination is one of the main strategies for controlling and preventing viral infection in poultry. The development of broadly protective vaccines against avian viral diseases will alleviate selection pressure on field virus strains and simplify vaccination regimens for commercial farms with overall savings in husbandry costs. With the increasing number of emerging and re-emerging viral infectious diseases in the poultry industry, there is an urgent need to understand the strategies for broadening the protective efficacy of the vaccines against distinct viral strains. The current review provides an overview of viral vaccines and vaccination regimens available for common avian viral infections, and strategies for developing safer and more efficacious viral vaccines for poultry.
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4
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Neumann G. Influenza Reverse Genetics-Historical Perspective. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:cshperspect.a038547. [PMID: 31964649 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a038547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The generation of wild-type, mutant, and reassortant influenza viruses from viral cDNAs (reverse genetics) is now a basic molecular virology technique in many influenza virus laboratories. Here, I describe the original RNA polymerase I reverse genetics system and the modifications that have been developed in past years. Together, these technologies have made possible many advances in basic and applied influenza virology that would not have been otherwise attainable, including the revival and study of extinct influenza viruses, the rapid characterization of emerging influenza viruses, the generation of conventional influenza vaccines, and the development of novel influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Neumann
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA
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5
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Development and application of reverse genetic technology for the influenza virus. Virus Genes 2021; 57:151-163. [PMID: 33528730 PMCID: PMC7851324 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-020-01822-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Influenza virus is a common virus in people's daily lives, and it has certain infectivity in humans and animals. Influenza viruses have the characteristics of a high mutation rate and wide distribution. Reverse genetic technology is primarily used to modify viruses at the DNA level through targeted modification of the virus cDNA. Genetically modified influenza viruses have a unique advantage when researching the transmission and pathogenicity of influenza. With the continuous development of oncolytic viruses in recent years, studies have found that influenza viruses also have certain oncolytic activity. Influenza viruses can specifically recognize tumor cells; activate cytotoxic T cells, NK cells, dendritic cells, etc.; and stimulate the body to produce an immune response, thereby killing tumor cells. This article will review the development and application of influenza virus reverse genetic technology.
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6
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Choi WS, Jeong JH, Lloren KKS, Ahn SJ, Antigua KJC, Kim YI, Si YJ, Baek YH, Choi YK, Song MS. Development of a rapid, simple and efficient one-pot cloning method for a reverse genetics system of broad subtypes of influenza A virus. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8318. [PMID: 31165766 PMCID: PMC6549168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44813-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The reverse genetics (RG) system of influenza A viruses is well established. However, the conventional sequence-dependent method for cloning influenza genome segments is time-consuming and requires multiple processes (eg. enzyme digestion and ligation) and exhibits low cloning efficiency compared to the sequence-independent cloning method. In this study, we improved influenza genome cloning into the pHW2000 vector for an RG system by incorporating a sequence-independent circular polymerase extension cloning (CPEC) approach which requires only 2 steps (reverse transcription and one-pot CPEC-PCR) and takes about 4 hours before the transformation. The specifically designed viral gene and vector primers used for CPEC-PCR have improved cloning efficiency ranging from 63.6 to 100% based on the results of gene-specific colony PCR which was additionally confirmed by enzyme digestion. We successfully cloned all genes from broad subtypes of influenza A viruses (H1-H12, N1-N9) and rescued by the RG system. Our results demonstrate that this method-one-Pot cloning for influenza A virus-was efficient in terms of required time and cloning rate. In conclusion, the novel cloning method for influenza A virus will contribute to a significant reduction in the time required for genetic studies of emerging influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Suk Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hwan Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Khristine Kaith S Lloren
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jeong Ahn
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Khristine Joy C Antigua
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Il Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jae Si
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hee Baek
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ki Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Suk Song
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Influenza A Virus M2 Protein Apical Targeting Is Required for Efficient Virus Replication. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.01425-18. [PMID: 30158290 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01425-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza A virus (IAV) M2 protein is a multifunctional protein with critical roles in virion entry, assembly, and budding. M2 is targeted to the apical plasma membrane of polarized epithelial cells, and the interaction of the viral proteins M2, M1, HA, and NA near glycolipid rafts in the apical plasma membrane is hypothesized to coordinate the assembly of infectious virus particles. To determine the role of M2 protein apical targeting in IAV replication, a panel of M2 proteins with basolateral plasma membrane (M2-Baso) or endoplasmic reticulum (M2-ER) targeting sequences was generated. MDCK II cells stably expressing M2-Baso, but not M2-ER, complemented the replication of M2-stop viruses. However, in primary human nasal epithelial cell (hNEC) cultures, viruses encoding M2-Baso and M2-ER replicated to negligible titers compared to those of wild-type virus. M2-Baso replication was negatively correlated with cell polarization. These results demonstrate that M2 apical targeting is essential for IAV replication: targeting M2 to the ER results in a strong, cell type-independent inhibition of virus replication, and targeting M2 to the basolateral membrane has greater effects in hNECs than in MDCK cells.IMPORTANCE Influenza A virus assembly and particle release occur at the apical membrane of polarized epithelial cells. The integral membrane proteins encoded by the virus, HA, NA, and M2, are all targeted to the apical membrane and believed to recruit the other structural proteins to sites of virus assembly. By targeting M2 to the basolateral or endoplasmic reticulum membranes, influenza A virus replication was significantly reduced. Basolateral targeting of M2 reduced the infectious virus titers with minimal effects on virus particle release, while targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum resulted in reduced infectious and total virus particle release. Therefore, altering the expression and the intracellular targeting of M2 has major effects on virus replication.
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8
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Kim P, Jang YH, Kwon SB, Lee CM, Han G, Seong BL. Glycosylation of Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase of Influenza A Virus as Signature for Ecological Spillover and Adaptation among Influenza Reservoirs. Viruses 2018; 10:v10040183. [PMID: 29642453 PMCID: PMC5923477 DOI: 10.3390/v10040183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation of the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) of the influenza provides crucial means for immune evasion and viral fitness in a host population. However, the time-dependent dynamics of each glycosylation sites have not been addressed. We monitored the potential N-linked glycosylation (NLG) sites of over 10,000 HA and NA of H1N1 subtype isolated from human, avian, and swine species over the past century. The results show a shift in glycosylation sites as a hallmark of 1918 and 2009 pandemics, and also for the 1976 “abortive pandemic”. Co-segregation of particular glycosylation sites was identified as a characteristic of zoonotic transmission from animal reservoirs, and interestingly, of “reverse zoonosis” of human viruses into swine populations as well. After the 2009 pandemic, recent isolates accrued glycosylation at canonical sites in HA, reflecting gradual seasonal adaptation, and a novel glycosylation in NA as an independent signature for adaptation among humans. Structural predictions indicated a remarkably pleiotropic influence of glycans on multiple HA epitopes for immune evasion, without sacrificing the receptor binding of HA or the activity of NA. The results provided the rationale for establishing the ecological niche of influenza viruses among the reservoir and could be implemented for influenza surveillance and improving pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kim
- Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, College of World Class University, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Yo Han Jang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Soon Bin Kwon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Chung Min Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Biomedicine Pharmaceutical Group, CJ Healthcare R&D Center, CJ HealthCare, 811 Deokpyeong-ro, Majang-myeon, Icheon 17389, Korea.
| | - Gyoonhee Han
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, College of World Class University, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Baik Lin Seong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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9
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Bhat S, Sood R, Shukla S, Khandia R, Pateriya AK, Kumar N, Singh VK, Kalaiyarasu S, Kumar M, Bhatia S. A two dose immunization with an inactivated reassortant H5N2 virus protects chickens against lethal challenge with homologous 2.3.2.1 clade and heterologous 2.2 clade highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses. Vet Microbiol 2018; 217:149-157. [PMID: 29615248 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at generating a reassortant vaccine candidate virus with clade 2.3.2.1 Hemagglutinin (HA) and its evaluation in a challenge study for protection against homologous (2.3.2.1 clade) and heterologous (2.2 clade) highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses. Plasmid-based reverse genetics technique was used to rescue a 5 + 3 reassortant H5N2 strain containing the modified HA of H5N1 (clade 2.3.2.1), the Neuraminidase (NA) of H9N2, the Matrix (M) of H5N1 and the internal genes of A/WSN/33 H1N1. In addition, another 6 + 2 reassortant virus containing modified HA from H5N1 (clade 2.3.2.1), the NA from H9N2 and the internal genes of A/WSN/33 H1N1 was also rescued. The 5 + 3 reassortant H5N2 virus could grow to a higher titer in both MDCK cells and chicken eggs compared to the 6 + 2 reassortant H5N2 virus. The vaccine containing the inactivated 5 + 3 reassortant H5N2 virus was used in a two-dose immunization regime which protected specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens against two repeated challenges with homologous 2.3.2.1 clade and heterologous 2.2 clade HPAI H5N1 viruses. The 5 + 3 reassortant H5N2 virus based on clade 2.3.2.1 generated in this study can be effective in protecting chickens in the case of an outbreak caused by antigenically different clade 2.2 HPAI H5N1 viruses and opens the way to explore its applicability as potential vaccine candidate especially in the Asian countries reporting these clades frequently. The study also indicates that sequential immunization can broaden protection level against antigenically diverse strains of H5N1 viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushant Bhat
- ICAR- National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India; Immunology Section, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Richa Sood
- ICAR- National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Shweta Shukla
- ICAR- National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rekha Khandia
- ICAR- National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Atul Kumar Pateriya
- ICAR- National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- ICAR- National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vikas Kumar Singh
- ICAR- National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Semmannan Kalaiyarasu
- ICAR- National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- ICAR- National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Bhatia
- ICAR- National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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10
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Abstract
Implementation of reverse genetics for influenza A virus, that is, the DNA-based generation of infectious viral particles in cell culture, opened new avenues to investigate the function of viral proteins and their interplay with host factors on a molecular level. This powerful technique allows the introduction, depletion, or manipulation of any given sequence in the viral genome, as long as it gives rise to replicating virus progeny. Reverse genetics can be used to generate targeted reassortant viruses by mixing segments of different viral strains, thus providing insight into phenotypes of potentially pandemic viruses arising from natural reassortment. It was further instrumental for the development of novel vaccine strategies, allowing rapid and targeted exchange of viral surface antigens on a well-replicating genetic backbone of cell culture-adapted or cold-adapted/attenuated viral strains. Establishment of reverse genetics and rescue of molecular clones of influenza A virus have been extensively described before. Here we give a detailed stand-alone protocol encompassing clinical sampling of influenza A virus specimens and subsequent plasmid-based genetics to rescue, manipulate, and confirm a fully infectious molecular clone. This protocol is based on the combined techniques and experience of a number of influenza laboratories, which are credited and referenced whenever appropriate.
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11
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Optimization and application of a DNA-launched infectious clone of equine arteritis virus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 102:413-423. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8610-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Wohlgemuth N, Ye Y, Fenstermacher KJ, Liu H, Lane AP, Pekosz A. The M2 protein of live, attenuated influenza vaccine encodes a mutation that reduces replication in human nasal epithelial cells. Vaccine 2017; 35:6691-6699. [PMID: 29079099 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The influenza A virus components of the live, attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) encode the HA and NA gene segments from a circulating virus strain and the remaining gene segments from the cold-adapted master donor virus, A/Ann Arbor/6/1960 (H2N2). The master donor virus imparts at least three phenotypes: temperature-sensitivity (ts), attenuation (att), and cold-adaption (ca). The genetic loci responsible for the att and ts phenotypes of LAIV were mapped to PB1, PB2, and NP by reverse genetics experiments using immortalized cell lines. However, some in vivo studies have demonstrated that the M segment, which acquired an alanine (Ala) to serine (Ser) mutation at M2 position 86 during cold adaption - a mutation found in no other influenza A virus strain - contributes to the att phenotype. Prior studies have shown this region of the M2 cytoplasmic tail to be critical for influenza virus replication. Using reverse genetics, we demonstrate that certain amino acid substitutions at M2 positions 83 and 86 alter the replication of influenza A/Udorn/307/72 (H3N2). Importantly, substitution of a Ser at M2 position 86 reduces A/Udorn/307/72 replication in differentiated primary human nasal epithelial cell (hNECs) cultures, but does not considerably affect replication in MDCK cells. When a Ser was substituted for Ala at M2 86 in LAIV, the virus replicated to higher titers and with faster kinetics in hNEC cultures, implicating this amino acid change as contributing to LAIV attenuation. Increased replication also resulted in increased production of IFN-λ. These data indicate the LAIV associated Ser mutation at M2 position 86 contributes to the att phenotype and is associated with a differential regulation of interferon in LAIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Wohlgemuth
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yang Ye
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Katherine J Fenstermacher
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hsuan Liu
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew P Lane
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Outpatient Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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13
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Camp JV, Jonsson CB. A Role for Neutrophils in Viral Respiratory Disease. Front Immunol 2017; 8:550. [PMID: 28553293 PMCID: PMC5427094 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are immune cells that are well known to be present during many types of lung diseases associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and may contribute to acute lung injury. Neutrophils are poorly studied with respect to viral infection, and specifically to respiratory viral disease. Influenza A virus (IAV) infection is the cause of a respiratory disease that poses a significant global public health concern. Influenza disease presents as a relatively mild and self-limiting although highly pathogenic forms exist. Neutrophils increase in the respiratory tract during infection with mild seasonal IAV, moderate and severe epidemic IAV infection, and emerging highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). During severe influenza pneumonia and HPAI infection, the number of neutrophils in the lower respiratory tract is correlated with disease severity. Thus, comparative analyses of the relationship between IAV infection and neutrophils provide insights into the relative contribution of host and viral factors that contribute to disease severity. Herein, we review the contribution of neutrophils to IAV disease pathogenesis and to other respiratory virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy V Camp
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine at Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Colleen B Jonsson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
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14
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Baldo A, Leunda A, Thi CDD, Breyer D, Pauwels K, Welby S, Van Vaerenbergh B, Herman P. Biosafety Risk Assessment and Management of Laboratory-Derived Influenza A (H5N1) Viruses Transmissible in Ferrets. APPLIED BIOSAFETY 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/153567601301800102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Baldo
- Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Brussels, Belgium and
| | - Amaya Leunda
- Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Brussels, Belgium and
| | - Chuong Dai Do Thi
- Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Brussels, Belgium and
| | - Didier Breyer
- Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Brussels, Belgium and
| | - Katia Pauwels
- Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Brussels, Belgium and
| | - Sarah Welby
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Center (CODA-CERVA), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Philippe Herman
- Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Brussels, Belgium and
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Lee DH, Park JK, Kwon JH, Yuk SS, Erdene-Ochir TO, Jang YH, Seong BL, Lee JB, Park SY, Choi IS, Song CS. Efficacy of single dose of a bivalent vaccine containing inactivated Newcastle disease virus and reassortant highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus against lethal HPAI and NDV infection in chickens. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58186. [PMID: 23469269 PMCID: PMC3585801 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) and Newcastle disease (ND) are 2 devastating diseases of poultry, which cause great economic losses to the poultry industry. In the present study, we developed a bivalent vaccine containing antigens of inactivated ND and reassortant HPAI H5N1 viruses as a candidate poultry vaccine, and we evaluated its immunogenicity and protective efficacy in specific pathogen-free chickens. The 6∶2 reassortant H5N1 vaccine strain containing the surface genes of the A/Chicken/Korea/ES/2003(H5N1) virus was successfully generated by reverse genetics. A polybasic cleavage site of the hemagglutinin segment was replaced by a monobasic cleavage site. We characterized the reverse genetics-derived reassortant HPAI H5N1 clade 2.5 vaccine strain by evaluating its growth kinetics in eggs, minimum effective dose in chickens, and cross-clade immunogenicity against HPAI clade 1 and 2. The bivalent vaccine was prepared by emulsifying inactivated ND (La Sota strain) and reassortant HPAI viruses with Montanide ISA 70 adjuvant. A single immunization with this vaccine induced high levels of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titers and protected chickens against a lethal challenge with the wild-type HPAI and ND viruses. Our results demonstrate that the bivalent, inactivated vaccine developed in this study is a promising approach for the control of both HPAI H5N1 and ND viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hun Lee
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Keun Park
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Kwon
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Su Yuk
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tseren-Ochir Erdene-Ochir
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo-Han Jang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Baik-Lin Seong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Bok Lee
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yong Park
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Soo Choi
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Song
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Lee DH, Song CS. H9N2 avian influenza virus in Korea: evolution and vaccination. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2013; 2:26-33. [PMID: 23596587 PMCID: PMC3623497 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2013.2.1.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Revised: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H9N2 viruses have been circulating in the Eurasian poultry industry resulting in great economic losses due to declined egg production and moderate to high mortality. In Korea, H9N2 LPAI was first documented in 1996 and it caused serious economic loss in the Korean poultry industry, including layer and broiler breeder farms. Since then, the H9N2 viruses that belong to the Korea group have been prevalent in chickens and have continuously evolved through reassortment in live bird markets. To control LPAI outbreaks, since 2007, the Korean veterinary authority has permitted the use of the inactivated oil adjuvant H9N2 LPAI vaccine. Although only oil-based inactivated vaccine using the egg-passaged vaccine virus strain (A/chicken/Korea/01310/2001) is permitted and used, several new technology vaccines have been recently suggested for the development of cost-effective and highly immunogenic vaccines. In addition, several different differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) strategies have been suggested using appropriate vaccines and companion serologic tests for discriminating between naturally infected and vaccinated animals. Recent reports demonstrated that the Korean LPAI H9N2 virus underwent antigenic drift and evolved into distinct antigenic groups and thus could escape from vaccine protection. Therefore, improved vaccination strategies including periodic updates of vaccine seed strains are required to achieve efficient control and eradication of LPAI H9N2 in Korea. Further, vaccination should be part of an overall integrated strategy to control the disease, including continued nation-wide surveillance, farm biosecurity, and DIVA strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hun Lee
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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