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Ste.Marie EJ, Hondal RJ. 2,2'-Dipyridyl diselenide: A chemoselective tool for cysteine deprotection and disulfide bond formation. J Pept Sci 2020; 26:e3236. [PMID: 31856422 PMCID: PMC7509986 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
There are many examples of bioactive, disulfide-rich peptides and proteins whose biological activity relies on proper disulfide connectivity. Regioselective disulfide bond formation is a strategy for the synthesis of these bioactive peptides, but many of these methods suffer from a lack of orthogonality between pairs of protected cysteine (Cys) residues, efficiency, and high yields. Here, we show the utilization of 2,2'-dipyridyl diselenide (PySeSePy) as a chemical tool for the removal of Cys-protecting groups and regioselective formation of disulfide bonds in peptides. We found that peptides containing either Cys(Mob) or Cys(Acm) groups treated with PySeSePy in trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (with or without triisopropylsilane (TIS) were converted to Cys-S-SePy adducts at 37 °C and various incubation times. This novel Cys-S-SePy adduct is able to be chemoselectively reduced by five-fold excess ascorbate at pH 4.5, a condition that should spare already installed peptide disulfide bonds from reduction. This chemoselective reduction by ascorbate will undoubtedly find utility in numerous biotechnological applications. We applied our new chemistry to the iodine-free synthesis of the human intestinal hormone guanylin, which contains two disulfide bonds. While we originally envisioned using ascorbate to chemoselectively reduce one of the formed Cys-S-SePy adducts to catalyze disulfide bond formation, we found that when pairs of Cys(Acm) residues were treated with PySeSePy in TFA, the second disulfide bond formed spontaneously. Spontaneous formation of the second disulfide is most likely driven by the formation of the thermodynamically favored diselenide (PySeSePy) from the two Cys-S-SePy adducts. Thus, we have developed a one-pot method for concomitant deprotection and disulfide bond formation of Cys(Acm) pairs in the presence of an existing disulfide bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J. Ste.Marie
- Department of Chemistry, Discovery Hall, University of Vermont, 82 University Place, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- ESM was supported by National Institutes of Health Training Grant T32 HL07594 administered by Dr. Kenneth G. Mann and Dr. Robert J. Kelm
| | - Robert J. Hondal
- Department of Chemistry, Discovery Hall, University of Vermont, 82 University Place, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- University of Vermont, Department of Biochemistry, 89 Beaumont Ave, Given Laboratory, Room B413, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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Zhu Y, Wang L, Li Y, Huang Z, Luo S, He Y, Han H, Raza F, Wu J, Ge L. Injectable pH and redox dual responsive hydrogels based on self-assembled peptides for anti-tumor drug delivery. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:5415-5426. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01004a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dual responsive and injectable peptide hydrogels that form gels in vitro control the release of antitumor drugs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Liying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province
- School of Biomedical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Yiping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Zhewei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Shiyao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Yue He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Han Han
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Faisal Raza
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province
- School of Biomedical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Liang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- China
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3
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Characterization and optimization of two-chain folding pathways of insulin via native chain assembly. Commun Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-018-0024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Moroder L, Musiol HJ. Insulin - von seiner Entdeckung bis zur industriellen Synthese moderner Insulin-Analoga. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201702493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Moroder
- Bioorganische Chemie; Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie; Am Klopferspitz 18 82152 Martinsried Deutschland
| | - Hans-Jürgen Musiol
- Bioorganische Chemie; Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie; Am Klopferspitz 18 82152 Martinsried Deutschland
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Moroder L, Musiol HJ. Insulin-From its Discovery to the Industrial Synthesis of Modern Insulin Analogues. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:10656-10669. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Moroder
- Bioorganic Chemistry; Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry; Am Klopferspitz 18 82152 Martinsried Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Musiol
- Bioorganic Chemistry; Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry; Am Klopferspitz 18 82152 Martinsried Germany
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Wu F, Mayer JP, Gelfanov VM, Liu F, DiMarchi RD. Synthesis of Four-Disulfide Insulin Analogs via Sequential Disulfide Bond Formation. J Org Chem 2017; 82:3506-3512. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b03078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - John P. Mayer
- Novo Nordisk
Research
Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46241, United States
| | - Vasily M. Gelfanov
- Novo Nordisk
Research
Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46241, United States
| | - Fa Liu
- Novo Nordisk
Research
Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46241, United States
| | - Richard D. DiMarchi
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
- Novo Nordisk
Research
Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46241, United States
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Liu F, Zaykov AN, Levy JJ, DiMarchi RD, Mayer JP. Chemical synthesis of peptides within the insulin superfamily. J Pept Sci 2016; 22:260-70. [PMID: 26910514 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of insulin has inspired fundamental advances in the art of peptide science while simultaneously revealing the structure-function relationship of this centrally important metabolic hormone. This review highlights milestones in the chemical synthesis of insulin that can be divided into two separate approaches: (i) disulfide bond formation driven by protein folding and (ii) chemical reactivity-directed sequential disulfide bond formation. Common to the two approaches are the persistent challenges presented by the hydrophobic nature of the individual A-chain and B-chain and the need for selective disulfide formation under mildly oxidative conditions. The extension and elaboration of these synthetic approaches have been ongoing within the broader insulin superfamily. These structurally similar peptides include the insulin-like growth factors and also the related peptides such as relaxin that signal through G-protein-coupled receptors. After a half-century of advances in insulin chemistry, we have reached a point where synthesis is no longer limiting structural and biological investigation within this family of peptide hormones. The future will increasingly focus on the refinement of structure to meet medicinal purposes that have long been pursued, such as the development of a glucose-sensitive insulin. Copyright © 2016 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa Liu
- Calibrium LLC, 11711 N. Meridian Street, Carmel, IN, 46032, USA
| | - Alexander N Zaykov
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Jay J Levy
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Richard D DiMarchi
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - John P Mayer
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
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Patil NA, Bathgate RAD, Kocan M, Ang SY, Tailhades J, Separovic F, Summers R, Grosse J, Hughes RA, Wade JD, Hossain MA. The C-terminus of the B-chain of human insulin-like peptide 5 is critical for cognate RXFP4 receptor activity. Amino Acids 2015; 48:987-992. [PMID: 26661035 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2144-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like peptide 5 (INSL5) is an orexigenic peptide hormone belonging to the relaxin family of peptides. It is expressed primarily in the L-cells of the colon and has a postulated key role in regulating food intake. Its G protein-coupled receptor, RXFP4, is a potential drug target for treating obesity and anorexia. We studied the effect of modification of the C-terminus of the A and B-chains of human INSL5 on RXFP4 binding and activation. Three variants of human INSL5 were prepared using solid phase peptide synthesis and subsequent sequential regioselective disulfide bond formation. The peptides were synthesized as C-terminal acids (both A- and B-chains with free C-termini, i.e., the native form), amides (both chains as the C-terminal amide) and one analog with the C-terminus of its A-chain as the amide and the C-terminus of the B-chain as the acid. The results showed that C-terminus of the B-chain is more important than that of the A-chain for RXFP4 binding and activity. Amidation of the A-chain C-terminus does not have any effect on the INSL5 activity. The difference in RXFP4 binding and activation between the three peptides is believed to be due to electrostatic interaction of the free carboxylate of INSL5 with a positively charged residue (s), either situated within the INSL5 molecule itself or in the receptor extracellular loops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin A Patil
- Howard Florey Research Laboratories, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ross A D Bathgate
- Howard Florey Research Laboratories, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Martina Kocan
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sheng Yu Ang
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Julien Tailhades
- Howard Florey Research Laboratories, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Roger Summers
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Richard A Hughes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John D Wade
- Howard Florey Research Laboratories, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Mohammed Akhter Hossain
- Howard Florey Research Laboratories, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Guo YQ, Wu QP, Shao XX, Shen T, Liu YL, Xu ZG, Guo ZY. Secretory overexpression and isotopic labeling of the chimeric relaxin family peptide R3/I5 in Pichia pastoris. Amino Acids 2015; 47:1117-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-1939-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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