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Zhao J, Yu X, Shentu X, Li D. The application and development of electron microscopy for three-dimensional reconstruction in life science: a review. Cell Tissue Res 2024; 396:1-18. [PMID: 38416172 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-024-03878-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Imaging technologies have played a pivotal role in advancing biological research by enabling visualization of biological structures and processes. While traditional electron microscopy (EM) produces two-dimensional images, emerging techniques now allow high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) characterization of specimens in situ, meeting growing needs in molecular and cellular biology. Combining transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with serial sectioning inaugurated 3D imaging, attracting biologists seeking to explore cell ultrastructure and driving advancement of 3D EM reconstruction. By comprehensively and precisely rendering internal structure and distribution, 3D TEM reconstruction provides unparalleled ultrastructural insights into cells and molecules, holding tremendous value for elucidating structure-function relationships and broadly propelling structural biology. Here, we first introduce the principle of 3D reconstruction of cells and tissues by classical approaches in TEM and then discuss modern technologies utilizing TEM and on new SEM-based as well as cryo-electron microscope (cryo-EM) techniques. 3D reconstruction techniques from serial sections, electron tomography (ET), and the recent single-particle analysis (SPA) are examined; the focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM), the serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM), and automatic tape-collecting lathe ultramicrotome (ATUM-SEM) for 3D reconstruction of large volumes are discussed. Finally, we review the challenges and development prospects of these technologies in life science. It aims to provide an informative reference for biological researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China , Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China , Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xuping Shentu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China , Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Danting Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China , Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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2
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Nicholls D, Kobylynska M, Broad Z, Wells J, Robinson A, McGrouther D, Moshtaghpour A, Kirkland AI, Fleck RA, Browning ND. The Potential of Subsampling and Inpainting for Fast Low-Dose Cryo FIB-SEM Imaging. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2024; 30:96-102. [PMID: 38321738 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozae005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Traditional image acquisition for cryo focused ion-beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) tomography often sees thousands of images being captured over a period of many hours, with immense data sets being produced. When imaging beam sensitive materials, these images are often compromised by additional constraints related to beam damage and the devitrification of the material during imaging, which renders data acquisition both costly and unreliable. Subsampling and inpainting are proposed as solutions for both of these aspects, allowing fast and low-dose imaging to take place in the Focused ion-beam scanning electron microscopy FIB-SEM without an appreciable loss in image quality. In this work, experimental data are presented which validate subsampling and inpainting as a useful tool for convenient and reliable data acquisition in a FIB-SEM, with new methods of handling three-dimensional data being employed in the context of dictionary learning and inpainting algorithms using a newly developed microscope control software and data recovery algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nicholls
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
- SenseAI Innovations Ltd., Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Maryna Kobylynska
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Zoë Broad
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Jack Wells
- Distributed Algorithms Centre for Doctoral Training, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Alex Robinson
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
- SenseAI Innovations Ltd., Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | | | - Amirafshar Moshtaghpour
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
- Correlated Imaging Group, Rosalind Franklin Institute, Didcot, OX11 0QS, UK
| | - Angus I Kirkland
- Correlated Imaging Group, Rosalind Franklin Institute, Didcot, OX11 0QS, UK
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 6NN, UK
| | - Roland A Fleck
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Nigel D Browning
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
- SenseAI Innovations Ltd., Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
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3
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Cleeve P, Dierickx D, Naegele L, Kannachel R, Burne L, Buckley G, Gorelick S, Whisstock JC, de Marco A. OpenFIBSEM: A universal API for FIBSEM control. J Struct Biol 2023; 215:107967. [PMID: 37105276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2023.107967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper introduces OpenFIBSEM, a universal API to control Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopes (FIBSEM). OpenFIBSEM aims to improve the programmability and automation of electron microscopy workflows in structural biology research. The API is designed to be cross-platform, composable, and extendable: allowing users to use any portion of OpenFIBSEM to develop or integrate with other software tools. The package provides core functionality such as imaging, movement, milling, and manipulator control, as well as system calibration, alignment, and image analysis modules. Further, a library of reusable user interface components integrated with napari is provided, ensuring easy and efficient application development. OpenFIBSEM currently supports ThermoFisher and TESCAN hardware, with support for other manufacturers planned. To demonstrate the improved automation capabilities enabled by OpenFIBSEM, several example applications that are compatible with multiple hardware manufacturers are discussed. We argue that OpenFIBSEM provides the foundation for a cross-platform operating system and development ecosystem for FIBSEM systems. The API and applications are open-source and available on GitHub (https://github.com/DeMarcoLab/fibsem).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Cleeve
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 3800 Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Dierickx
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 3800 Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lucile Naegele
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 3800 Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rohit Kannachel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 3800 Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lachlan Burne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 3800 Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Genevieve Buckley
- Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Monash University, 3800 Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sergey Gorelick
- Monash Centre for Electron Microscopy, Monash University, 3800 Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - James C Whisstock
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 3800 Clayton, Victoria, Australia; EMBL Australia, Monash University, 3800 Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Alex de Marco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 3800 Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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4
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Li J, Liu P, Menguy N, Zhang X, Wang J, Benzerara K, Feng L, Sun L, Zheng Y, Meng F, Gu L, Leroy E, Hao J, Chu X, Pan Y. Intracellular silicification by early-branching magnetotactic bacteria. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn6045. [PMID: 35559677 PMCID: PMC9106300 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn6045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biosilicification-the formation of biological structures composed of silica-has a wide distribution among eukaryotes; it plays a major role in global biogeochemical cycles, and has driven the decline of dissolved silicon in the oceans through geological time. While it has long been thought that eukaryotes are the only organisms appreciably affecting the biogeochemical cycling of Si, the recent discoveries of silica transporter genes and marked silicon accumulation in bacteria suggest that prokaryotes may play an underappreciated role in the Si cycle, particularly in ancient times. Here, we report a previously unidentified magnetotactic bacterium that forms intracellular, amorphous silica globules. This bacterium, phylogenetically affiliated with the phylum Nitrospirota, belongs to a deep-branching group of magnetotactic bacteria that also forms intracellular magnetite magnetosomes and sulfur inclusions. This contribution reveals intracellularly controlled silicification within prokaryotes and suggests a previously unrecognized influence on the biogeochemical Si cycle that was operational during early Earth history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Innovation Academy for Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peiyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Innovation Academy for Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Nicolas Menguy
- Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 7590, MNHN, IRD, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Xingliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environments and Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Canadian Light Source Inc., University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Karim Benzerara
- Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 7590, MNHN, IRD, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Lianjun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Innovation Academy for Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Center for Biological Imaging, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Fanqi Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Eric Leroy
- ICMPE, University Paris East, UMR 7182, CNRS, 2-8 Rue Henri Dunant, Thiais, Cedex 94320, France
| | - Jialong Hao
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Innovation Academy for Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuelei Chu
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Innovation Academy for Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongxin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Innovation Academy for Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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5
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Wightman R. An Overview of Cryo-Scanning Electron Microscopy Techniques for Plant Imaging. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11091113. [PMID: 35567113 PMCID: PMC9106016 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Many research questions require the study of plant morphology, in particular cells and tissues, as close to their native context as possible and without physical deformations from some preparatory chemical reagents or sample drying. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryoSEM) involves rapid freezing and maintenance of the sample at an ultra-low temperature for detailed surface imaging by a scanning electron beam. The data are useful for exploring tissue/cell morphogenesis, plus an additional cryofracture/cryoplaning/milling step gives information on air and water spaces as well as subcellular ultrastructure. This review gives an overview from sample preparation through to imaging and a detailed account of how this has been applied across diverse areas of plant research. Future directions and improvements to the technique are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Wightman
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
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6
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Loginov SV, Fermie J, Fokkema J, Agronskaia AV, De Heus C, Blab GA, Klumperman J, Gerritsen HC, Liv N. Correlative Organelle Microscopy: Fluorescence Guided Volume Electron Microscopy of Intracellular Processes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:829545. [PMID: 35478966 PMCID: PMC9035751 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.829545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular processes depend on a strict spatial and temporal organization of proteins and organelles. Therefore, directly linking molecular to nanoscale ultrastructural information is crucial in understanding cellular physiology. Volume or three-dimensional (3D) correlative light and electron microscopy (volume-CLEM) holds unique potential to explore cellular physiology at high-resolution ultrastructural detail across cell volumes. However, the application of volume-CLEM is hampered by limitations in throughput and 3D correlation efficiency. In order to address these limitations, we describe a novel pipeline for volume-CLEM that provides high-precision (<100 nm) registration between 3D fluorescence microscopy (FM) and 3D electron microscopy (EM) datasets with significantly increased throughput. Using multi-modal fiducial nanoparticles that remain fluorescent in epoxy resins and a 3D confocal fluorescence microscope integrated into a Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscope (FIB.SEM), our approach uses FM to target extremely small volumes of even single organelles for imaging in volume EM and obviates the need for post-correlation of big 3D datasets. We extend our targeted volume-CLEM approach to include live-cell imaging, adding information on the motility of intracellular membranes selected for volume-CLEM. We demonstrate the power of our approach by targeted imaging of rare and transient contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomes within hours rather than days. Our data suggest that extensive ER-lysosome and mitochondria-lysosome interactions restrict lysosome motility, highlighting the unique capabilities of our integrated CLEM pipeline for linking molecular dynamic data to high-resolution ultrastructural detail in 3D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Loginov
- Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Job Fermie
- Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jantina Fokkema
- Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Alexandra V. Agronskaia
- Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Cilia De Heus
- Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gerhard A. Blab
- Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Judith Klumperman
- Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hans C. Gerritsen
- Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nalan Liv
- Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Nalan Liv,
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7
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House KL, Pan L, O'Carroll DM, Xu S. Applications of scanning electron microscopy and focused ion beam milling in dental research. Eur J Oral Sci 2022; 130:e12853. [PMID: 35288994 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The abilities of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and focused ion beam (FIB) milling for obtaining high-resolution images from top surfaces, cross-sectional surfaces, and even in three dimensions, are becoming increasingly important for imaging and analyzing tooth structures such as enamel and dentin. FIB was originally developed for material research in the semiconductor industry. However, use of SEM/FIB has been growing recently in dental research due to the versatility of dual platform instruments that can be used as a milling device to obtain low-artifact cross-sections of samples combined with high-resolution images. The advent of the SEM/FIB system and accessories may offer access to previously inaccessible length scales for characterizing tooth structures for dental research, opening exciting opportunities to address many central questions in dental research. New discoveries and fundamental breakthroughs in understanding are likely to follow. This review covers the applications, key findings, and future direction of SEM/FIB in dental research in morphology imaging, specimen preparation for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, and three-dimensional volume imaging using SEM/FIB tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystal L House
- Colgate Palmolive Company, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Long Pan
- Colgate Palmolive Company, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Deirdre M O'Carroll
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Shiyou Xu
- Colgate Palmolive Company, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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8
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Fluorescence lifetime imaging and electron microscopy: a correlative approach. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 157:697-702. [PMID: 35267057 PMCID: PMC9124648 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) allows the characterization of cellular metabolism by quantifying the rate of free and unbound nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen (NADH). This study delineates the correlative imaging of cells with FLIM and electron microscopy (EM). Human fibroblasts were cultivated in a microscopy slide bearing a coordinate system and FLIM measurement was conducted. Following chemical fixation, embedding in Epon and cutting with an ultramicrotome, tomograms of selected cells were acquired with a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). Correlative imaging of antimycin A-treated fibroblasts shows a decrease in fluorescence lifetime as well as swollen mitochondria with large cavities in STEM tomography. To our knowledge, this is the first correlative FLIM and EM workflow. Combining the high sensitivity of FLIM with the high spatial resolution of EM could boost the research of pathophysiological processes involving cell metabolism, such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and viral infection.
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9
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Zhang Y, Kong C, Scardera G, Abbott M, Payne DNR, Hoex B. Large volume tomography using plasma FIB-SEM: A comprehensive case study on black silicon. Ultramicroscopy 2022; 233:113458. [PMID: 34929560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2021.113458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The xenon plasma focused ion beam and scanning electron microscopy (PFIB-SEM) system is a promising tool for 3D tomography of nano-scale materials, including nanotextured black silicon (BSi), whose topography is difficult to measure with conventional microscopy techniques. Advantages of PFIB-SEM include high material removal rates, precise control of milling parameters and automated slice-and-view procedures. However, there is no universal sample preparation procedure nor is there an established ideal workflow for the PFIB-SEM slice-and-view process. This work demonstrates that specimen preparation, including the orientation of the volume of interest, is critical for the quality of the final reconstructed 3D model. It thoroughly explores three unique configurations incrementally optimized for higher total throughput. All three sampling configurations are applied to a resin-embedded BSi sample to determine the most favourable workflow and highlight each approach's advantages and disadvantages. The reconstructed 3D models of the BSi surface obtained are shown to be qualitatively closer to the topography measured directly by SEM. The height distribution data extracted from the rendered 3D models reveal a higher structure depth compared to that obtained from an atomic force microscopy measurement. Furthermore, the work demonstrates how samples with different rigidity react to long-term ion-beam interaction, as both amorphous (resin) and crystalline (Si) material is present in the tested specimen. This study improves the understanding of sample-beam interaction and broadens the utility of the 3D PFIB-SEM for more complicated sample structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Charlie Kong
- Electron Microscope Unit, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Scardera
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Malcolm Abbott
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - David N R Payne
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Bram Hoex
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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10
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Capturing the third dimension in drug discovery: Spatially-resolved tools for interrogation of complex 3D cell models. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 55:107883. [PMID: 34875362 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Advanced three-dimensional (3D) cell models have proven to be capable of depicting architectural and microenvironmental features of several tissues. By providing data of higher physiological and pathophysiological relevance, 3D cell models have been contributing to a better understanding of human development, pathology onset and progression mechanisms, as well as for 3D cell-based assays for drug discovery. Nonetheless, the characterization and interrogation of these tissue-like structures pose major challenges on the conventional analytical methods, pushing the development of spatially-resolved technologies. Herein, we review recent advances and pioneering technologies suitable for the interrogation of multicellular 3D models, while capable of retaining biological spatial information. We focused on imaging technologies and omics tools, namely transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics. The advantages and shortcomings of these novel methodologies are discussed, alongside the opportunities to intertwine data from the different tools.
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11
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Schifferer M, Snaidero N, Djannatian M, Kerschensteiner M, Misgeld T. Niwaki Instead of Random Forests: Targeted Serial Sectioning Scanning Electron Microscopy With Reimaging Capabilities for Exploring Central Nervous System Cell Biology and Pathology. Front Neuroanat 2021; 15:732506. [PMID: 34720890 PMCID: PMC8548362 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.732506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrastructural analysis of discrete neurobiological structures by volume scanning electron microscopy (SEM) often constitutes a "needle-in-the-haystack" problem and therefore relies on sophisticated search strategies. The appropriate SEM approach for a given relocation task not only depends on the desired final image quality but also on the complexity and required accuracy of the screening process. Block-face SEM techniques like Focused Ion Beam or serial block-face SEM are "one-shot" imaging runs by nature and, thus, require precise relocation prior to acquisition. In contrast, "multi-shot" approaches conserve the sectioned tissue through the collection of serial sections onto solid support and allow reimaging. These tissue libraries generated by Array Tomography or Automated Tape Collecting Ultramicrotomy can be screened at low resolution to target high resolution SEM. This is particularly useful if a structure of interest is rare or has been predetermined by correlated light microscopy, which can assign molecular, dynamic and functional information to an ultrastructure. As such approaches require bridging mm to nm scales, they rely on tissue trimming at different stages of sample processing. Relocation is facilitated by endogenous or exogenous landmarks that are visible by several imaging modalities, combined with appropriate registration strategies that allow overlaying images of various sources. Here, we discuss the opportunities of using multi-shot serial sectioning SEM approaches, as well as suitable trimming and registration techniques, to slim down the high-resolution imaging volume to the actual structure of interest and hence facilitate ambitious targeted volume SEM projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Schifferer
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Snaidero
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Minou Djannatian
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Kerschensteiner
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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12
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Horvitz D, Milrot E, Luria N, Makdasi E, Beth-Din A, Glinert I, Dombrovsky A, Laskar O. Nanodissection of Selected Viral Particles by Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy/Focused Ion Beam for Genetic Identification. Anal Chem 2021; 93:13126-13133. [PMID: 34551252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the development of a new correlative workflow to bridge the gap between electron microscopy imaging and genetic analysis of viruses. The workflow enables the assignment of genetic information to a specific biological entity by harnessing the nanodissection capability of focused ion beam (FIB). This correlative workflow is based on scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and FIB followed by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). For this purpose, we studied the tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) and the adenovirus that have significant impacts on plant integrity and human health, respectively. STEM imaging was used for the identification and localization of virus particles on a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grid followed by FIB milling of the desired region of interest. The final-milled product was subjected to genetic analysis by the PCR. The results prove that the FIB-milling process maintains the integrity of the genetic material as confirmed by the PCR. We demonstrate the identification of RNA and DNA viruses extracted from a few micrometers of an FIB-milled TEM grid. This workflow enables the genetic analysis of specifically imaged viral particles directly from heterogeneous clinical samples. In addition to viral diagnostics, the ability to isolate and to genetically identify specific submicrometer structures may prove valuable in additional fields, including subcellular organelle and granule research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dror Horvitz
- Electron Microscopy, Thermo Fisher Israel Ltd., HaYarden 1 street, Airport City 7019900, Israel
| | - Elad Milrot
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, P.O.B 19, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Neta Luria
- Department of Plant Pathology, ARO, The Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion 50250, Israel
| | - Efi Makdasi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, P.O.B 19, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Adi Beth-Din
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, P.O.B 19, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Itai Glinert
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, P.O.B 19, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Aviv Dombrovsky
- Department of Plant Pathology, ARO, The Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion 50250, Israel
| | - Orly Laskar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, P.O.B 19, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
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13
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Pagliari L, Tarquini G, Loschi A, Buoso S, Kapun G, Ermacora P, Musetti R. Gimme shelter: three-dimensional architecture of the endoplasmic reticulum, the replication site of grapevine Pinot gris virus. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 48:1074-1085. [PMID: 34462050 DOI: 10.1071/fp21084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine leaf mottling and deformation is a novel grapevine disease that has been associated with grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV). The virus was observed exclusively inside membrane-bound structures in the bundle sheath cells of the infected grapevines. As reported widely in the literature, many positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses modify host-cell membranes to form a variety of deformed organelles, which shelter viral genome replication from host antiviral compounds. Morphologically, the GPGV-associated membranous structures resemble the deformed endoplasmic reticulum described in other virus-host interactions. In this study we investigated the GPGV-induced membranous structures observed in the bundle sheath cells of infected plants. The upregulation of different ER stress-related genes was evidenced by RT-qPCR assays, further confirming the involvement of the ER in grapevine/GPGV interaction. Specific labelling of the membranous structures with an antibody against luminal-binding protein identified them as ER. Double-stranded RNA molecules, which are considered intermediates of viral replication, were localised exclusively in the ER-derived structures and indicated that GPGV exploited this organelle to replicate itself in a shelter niche. Novel analyses using focussed ion-beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) were performed in grapevine leaf tissues to detail the three-dimensional organisation of the ER-derived structures and their remodelling due to virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pagliari
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine,via delle Scienze, 206, 33100 - Udine, Italy
| | - Giulia Tarquini
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine,via delle Scienze, 206, 33100 - Udine, Italy
| | - Alberto Loschi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine,via delle Scienze, 206, 33100 - Udine, Italy
| | - Sara Buoso
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine,via delle Scienze, 206, 33100 - Udine, Italy
| | - Gregor Kapun
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001, Ljubljana, Slovenia; and Centre of Excellence on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Nanocenter, Jamova 39, SI1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Paolo Ermacora
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine,via delle Scienze, 206, 33100 - Udine, Italy
| | - Rita Musetti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine,via delle Scienze, 206, 33100 - Udine, Italy; and Corresponding author.
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14
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Korneev D, Merriner DJ, Gervinskas G, de Marco A, O'Bryan MK. New Insights Into Sperm Ultrastructure Through Enhanced Scanning Electron Microscopy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:672592. [PMID: 33968944 PMCID: PMC8100687 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.672592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of spermatozoa morphology is fundamental to understand male fertility and the etiology of infertility. Traditionally scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been used to define surface topology. Recently, however, it has become a critical tool for three-dimensional analysis of internal cellular ultrastructure. Modern SEM provides nanometer-scale resolution, but the meaningfulness of such information is proportional to the quality of the sample preservation. In this study, we demonstrate that sperm quickly and robustly adhere to gold-coated surfaces. Leveraging this property, we developed three step-by-step protocols fulfilling different needs for sperm imaging: chemically fixed monolayers for SEM examination of the external morphology, and two high-pressure freezing-based protocols for fast SEM examination of full cell internal morphology and focused ion-beam SEM tomography. These analyses allow previously unappreciated insights into mouse sperm ultrastructure, including the identification of novel structures within the fibrous sheath and domain-specific interactions between the plasma membrane and exosome-like structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Korneev
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Faculty of Science, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - D Jo Merriner
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gediminas Gervinskas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alex de Marco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Moira K O'Bryan
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Faculty of Science, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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15
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Bílý T, Sheikh S, Mallet A, Bastin P, Pérez-Morga D, Lukeš J, Hashimi H. Ultrastructural Changes of the Mitochondrion During the Life Cycle of Trypanosoma brucei. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2021; 68:e12846. [PMID: 33624359 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrion is crucial for ATP generation by oxidative phosphorylation, among other processes. Cristae are invaginations of the mitochondrial inner membrane that house nearly all the macromolecular complexes that perform oxidative phosphorylation. The unicellular parasite Trypanosoma brucei undergoes during its life cycle extensive remodeling of its single mitochondrion, which reflects major changes in its energy metabolism. While the bloodstream form (BSF) generates ATP exclusively by substrate-level phosphorylation and has a morphologically highly reduced mitochondrion, the insect-dwelling procyclic form (PCF) performs oxidative phosphorylation and has an expanded and reticulated organelle. Here, we have performed high-resolution 3D reconstruction of BSF and PCF mitochondria, with a particular focus on their cristae. By measuring the volumes and surface areas of these structures in complete or nearly complete cells, we have found that mitochondrial cristae are more prominent in BSF than previously thought and their biogenesis seems to be maintained during the cell cycle. Furthermore, PCF cristae exhibit a surprising range of volumes in situ, implying that each crista is acting as an independent bioenergetic unit. Cristae appear to be particularly enriched in the region of the organelle between the nucleus and kinetoplast, the mitochondrial genome, suggesting this part has distinctive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Bílý
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Center, Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Shaghayegh Sheikh
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Center, Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Adeline Mallet
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit & INSERM U1201, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Ultrastructural Bio Imaging Unit, C2RT, Institut Pasteur & Sorbonne Université école doctorale complexité du vivant, ED 515, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Bastin
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit & INSERM U1201, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - David Pérez-Morga
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, IBMM & Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julius Lukeš
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Center, Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Hassan Hashimi
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Center, Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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16
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Oorschot V, Lindsey BW, Kaslin J, Ramm G. TEM, SEM, and STEM-based immuno-CLEM workflows offer complementary advantages. Sci Rep 2021; 11:899. [PMID: 33441723 PMCID: PMC7806999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79637-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying endogenous tissue stem cells remains a key challenge in developmental and regenerative biology. To distinguish and molecularly characterise stem cell populations in large heterogeneous tissues, the combination of cytochemical cell markers with ultrastructural morphology is highly beneficial. Here, we realise this through workflows of multi-resolution immuno-correlative light and electron microscopy (iCLEM) methodologies. Taking advantage of the antigenicity preservation of the Tokuyasu technique, we have established robust protocols and workflows and provide a side-by-side comparison of iCLEM used in combination with scanning EM (SEM), scanning TEM (STEM), or transmission EM (TEM). Evaluation of the applications and advantages of each method highlights their practicality for the identification, quantification, and characterization of heterogeneous cell populations in small organisms, organs, or tissues in healthy and diseased states. The iCLEM techniques are broadly applicable and can use either genetically encoded or cytochemical markers on plant, animal and human tissues. We demonstrate how these protocols are particularly suited for investigating neural stem and progenitor cell populations of the vertebrate nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Oorschot
- Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo EM, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin W Lindsey
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Jan Kaslin
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Georg Ramm
- Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo EM, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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17
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Miyaki T, Kawasaki Y, Matsumoto A, Kakuta S, Sakai T, Ichimura K. Nephrocytes are part of the spectrum of filtration epithelial diversity. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 382:609-625. [PMID: 33191456 PMCID: PMC7683493 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03313-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The excretory system produces urine by ultrafiltration via a filtration epithelium. Podocytes are widely found as filtration epithelial cells in eucoelomates. In some animal taxa, including insects and crustaceans, nephrocytes serve to separate toxic substances from the body fluid, in addition to podocytes. Drosophila nephrocytes have been recently utilized as a model system to study podocyte function and disease. However, functionality and cellular architecture are strikingly different between Drosophila nephrocytes and eucoelomate podocytes, and the phylogenetic relationship between these cells remains enigmatic. In this study, using focused-ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) tomography, we revealed three-dimensional architecture of decapod nephrocytes with unprecedented accuracy—they filled an enormous gap, which can be called “missing link,” in the evolutionary diversity of podocytes and nephrocytes. Thus, we concluded that nephrocytes are part of the spectrum of filtration epithelial diversity in animal phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Miyaki
- Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuto Kawasaki
- Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Matsumoto
- Department of Biology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | - Soichiro Kakuta
- Laboratory of Morphology and Image Analysis, Center for Biomedical Research Resources, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Sakai
- Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Ichimura
- Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. .,Laboratory of Morphology and Image Analysis, Center for Biomedical Research Resources, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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18
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Zhong J, Chen J, Weinkamer R, Darendeliler MA, Swain MV, Sue A, Zheng K, Li Q. In vivo effects of different orthodontic loading on root resorption and correlation with mechanobiological stimulus in periodontal ligament. J R Soc Interface 2019; 16:20190108. [PMID: 31039696 PMCID: PMC6544889 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic root resorption is a common side effect of orthodontic therapy. It has been shown that high hydrostatic pressure in the periodontal ligament (PDL) generated by orthodontic forces will trigger recruitment of odontoclasts, leaving resorption craters on root surfaces. The patterns of resorption craters are the traces of odontoclast activity. This study aimed to investigate resorptive patterns by: (i) quantifying spatial root resorption under two different levels of in vivo orthodontic loadings using microCT imaging techniques and (ii) correlating the spatial distribution pattern of resorption craters with the induced mechanobiological stimulus field in PDL through nonlinear finite-element analysis (FEA) in silico. Results indicated that the heavy force led to a larger total resorption volume than the light force, mainly by presenting greater individual crater volumes ( p < 0.001) than increasing crater numbers, suggesting that increased mechano-stimulus predominantly boosted cellular resorption activity rather than recruiting more odontoclasts. Furthermore, buccal-cervical and lingual-apical regions in both groups were found to have significantly larger resorption volumes than other regions ( p < 0.005). These clinical observations are complemented by the FEA results, suggesting that root resorption was more likely to occur when the volume average compressive hydrostatic pressure exceeded the capillary blood pressure (4.7 kPa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiao Zhong
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Junning Chen
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Richard Weinkamer
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - M. Ali Darendeliler
- Faculty of Dentistry, Discipline of Orthodontics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael V. Swain
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Dentistry, Discipline of Orthodontics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrian Sue
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Keke Zheng
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Qing Li
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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19
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Kizilyaprak C, Stierhof YD, Humbel BM. Volume microscopy in biology: FIB-SEM tomography. Tissue Cell 2019; 57:123-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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20
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Boey A, Rybakin V, Kalicharan D, Vints K, Gounko NV. Gold-substituted Silver-intensified Peroxidase Immunolabeling for FIB-SEM Imaging. J Histochem Cytochem 2019; 67:351-360. [PMID: 30624131 DOI: 10.1369/0022155418824335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern electron microscopy offers a wide variety of tools to investigate the ultrastructural organization of cells and tissues and to accurately pinpoint intracellular localizations of macromolecules of interest. New volumetric electron microscopy techniques and new instrumentation provide unique opportunities for high-throughput analysis of comparatively large volumes of tissue and their complete reconstitution in three-dimensional (3D) electron microscopy. However, due to a variety of technical issues such as the limited penetration of label into the tissue, low antigen preservation, substantial electron density of secondary detection reagents, and many others, the adaptation of immuno-detection techniques for use with such 3D imaging methods as focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) has been challenging. Here, we describe a sample preparation method for 3D FIB-SEM, which results in an optimal preservation and staining of ultrastructural details at a resolution necessary for tracing immunolabeled neuronal structures and detailed reconstruction of synapses. This technique is applicable to neuronal and non-neuronal cells, tissues, and a wide variety of antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Boey
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology-Institute of Medical Biology Joint Electron Microscopy Suite, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vasily Rybakin
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dharamdajal Kalicharan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology-Institute of Medical Biology Joint Electron Microscopy Suite, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Katlijn Vints
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Electron Microscopy Platform & VIB-Bioimaging Core, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Natalia V Gounko
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology-Institute of Medical Biology Joint Electron Microscopy Suite, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Electron Microscopy Platform & VIB-Bioimaging Core, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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21
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Mutha NVR, Mohammed WK, Krasnogor N, Tan GYA, Choo SW, Jakubovics NS. Transcriptional responses of Streptococcus gordonii
and Fusobacterium nucleatum
to coaggregation. Mol Oral Microbiol 2018; 33:450-464. [DOI: 10.1111/omi.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naresh V. R. Mutha
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Waleed K. Mohammed
- School of Dental Sciences; Centre for Oral Health Research, Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
- Department of Basic Science, College of Dentistry; University of Anbar; Anbar Iraq
| | - Natalio Krasnogor
- Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex Biosystems (ICOS) Research Group, School of Computing; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Geok Y. A. Tan
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Siew W. Choo
- Department of Biological Sciences; Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Science and Education Innovation District; Suzhou China
- Suzhou Genome Centre (SGC); Health Technologies University Research Centre (HT-URC), Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Science and Education Innovation District; Suzhou China
| | - Nicholas S. Jakubovics
- School of Dental Sciences; Centre for Oral Health Research, Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
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22
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Porrati F, Grewe D, Seybert A, Frangakis AS, Eltsov M. FIB-SEM imaging properties of Drosophila melanogaster tissues embedded in Lowicryl HM20. J Microsc 2018; 273:91-104. [PMID: 30417390 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Lowicryl resins enable processing of biological material for electron microscopy at the lowest temperatures compatible with resin embedding. When combined with high-pressure freezing and freeze-substitution, Lowicryl embedding supports preservation of fine structural details and fluorescent markers. Here, we analysed the applicability of Lowicryl HM20 embedding for focused ion beam (FIB) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tomography of Drosophila melanogaster embryonic and larval model systems. We show that the freeze-substitution with per-mill concentrations of uranyl acetate provided sufficient contrast and an image quality of SEM imaging in the range of similar samples analysed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Preservation of genetically encoded fluorescent proteins allowed correlative localization of regions of interest (ROI) within the embedded tissue block. TEM on sections cut from the block face enabled evaluation of structural preservation to allow ROI ranking and thus targeted, time-efficient FIB-SEM tomography data collection. The versatility of Lowicryl embedding opens new perspectives for designing hybrid SEM-TEM workflows to comprehensively analyse biological structures. LAY DESCRIPTION: Focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy is becoming a widely used technique for the three-dimensional analysis of biological samples at fine structural details beyond levels feasible for light microscopy. To withstand the abrasion of material by the ion beam and the imaging by the scanning electron beam, biological samples have to be embedded into resins, most commonly these are very dense epoxy-based plastics. However, dense resins generate electron scattering which interferes with the signal from the biological specimen. Furthermore, to improve the imaging contrast, epoxy embedding requires chemical treatments with e.g. heavy metals, which deteriorate the ultrastructure of the biological specimen. In this study we explored the applicability of an electron lucent resin, Lowicryl HM 20, for focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy. The Lowicryl embedding workflow operates at milder chemical treatments and lower temperatures, thus preserving the sub-cellular and sub-organellar organization, as well as fluorescent markers visible by light microscopy. Here we show that focus ion beam scanning electron microscopy of Lowicryl-embedded fruit flies tissues provides reliable imaging revealing fine structural details. Our workflow benefited from use of transmission electron microscopy for the quality control of the ultrastructural preservation and fluorescent light microscopy for localization of regions of interest. The versatility of Lowicryl embedding opens up new perspectives for designing hybrid workflows combining fluorescent light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy techniques to comprehensively analyze biological structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Porrati
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute for Biophysics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - D Grewe
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute for Biophysics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A Seybert
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute for Biophysics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A S Frangakis
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute for Biophysics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M Eltsov
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute for Biophysics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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23
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Luckner M, Wanner G. From Light Microscopy to Analytical Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Focused Ion Beam (FIB)/SEM in Biology: Fixed Coordinates, Flat Embedding, Absolute References. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2018; 24:526-544. [PMID: 30246679 PMCID: PMC6378657 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927618015015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) has been in use for several years, however it has remained a costly method with difficult sample preparation. Here, we report a series of technical improvements developed for precise and cost-effective correlative light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and focused ion beam (FIB)/SEM microscopy of single cells, as well as large tissue sections. Customized coordinate systems for both slides and coverslips were established for thin and ultra-thin embedding of a wide range of biological specimens. Immobilization of biological samples was examined with a variety of adhesives. For histological sections, a filter system for flat embedding was developed. We validated ultra-thin embedding on laser marked slides for efficient, high-resolution CLEM. Target cells can be re-located within minutes in SEM without protracted searching and correlative investigations were reduced to a minimum of preparation steps, while still reaching highest resolution. The FIB/SEM milling procedure is facilitated and significantly accelerated as: (i) milling a ramp becomes needless, (ii) significant re-deposition of milled material does not occur; and (iii) charging effects are markedly reduced. By optimizing all technical parameters FIB/SEM stacks with 2 nm iso-voxels were achieved over thousands of sections, in a wide range of biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manja Luckner
- Department Biology I, Ultrastructural Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wanner
- Department Biology I, Ultrastructural Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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24
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Luckner M, Burgold S, Filser S, Scheungrab M, Niyaz Y, Hummel E, Wanner G, Herms J. Label-free 3D-CLEM Using Endogenous Tissue Landmarks. iScience 2018; 6:92-101. [PMID: 30240628 PMCID: PMC6137285 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging 3D correlative light and electron microscopy approaches enable studying neuronal structure-function relations at unprecedented depth and precision. However, established protocols for the correlation of light and electron micrographs rely on the introduction of artificial fiducial markers, such as polymer beads or near-infrared brandings, which might obscure or even damage the structure under investigation. Here, we report a general applicable "flat embedding" preparation, enabling high-precision overlay of light and scanning electron micrographs, using exclusively endogenous landmarks in the brain: blood vessels, nuclei, and myelinated axons. Furthermore, we demonstrate feasibility of the workflow by combining in vivo 2-photon microscopy and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy to dissect the role of astrocytic coverage in the persistence of dendritic spines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manja Luckner
- Department of Biology I, Biocenter Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Translational Brain Research, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Steffen Burgold
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Translational Brain Research, Munich 81377, Germany; Center for Neuropathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich 81377, Germany; Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Oberkochen 73447, Germany
| | - Severin Filser
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Translational Brain Research, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Maximilian Scheungrab
- Department of Biology I, Biocenter Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Yilmaz Niyaz
- Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Oberkochen 73447, Germany
| | - Eric Hummel
- Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Oberkochen 73447, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wanner
- Department of Biology I, Biocenter Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Jochen Herms
- Department of Biology I, Biocenter Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Translational Brain Research, Munich 81377, Germany; Center for Neuropathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich 81377, Germany; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich 81377, Germany.
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25
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Fermie J, Liv N, Ten Brink C, van Donselaar EG, Müller WH, Schieber NL, Schwab Y, Gerritsen HC, Klumperman J. Single organelle dynamics linked to 3D structure by correlative live-cell imaging and 3D electron microscopy. Traffic 2018; 19:354-369. [PMID: 29451726 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Live-cell correlative light-electron microscopy (live-cell-CLEM) integrates live movies with the corresponding electron microscopy (EM) image, but a major challenge is to relate the dynamic characteristics of single organelles to their 3-dimensional (3D) ultrastructure. Here, we introduce focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) in a modular live-cell-CLEM pipeline for a single organelle CLEM. We transfected cells with lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1-green fluorescent protein (LAMP-1-GFP), analyzed the dynamics of individual GFP-positive spots, and correlated these to their corresponding fine-architecture and immediate cellular environment. By FIB-SEM we quantitatively assessed morphological characteristics, like number of intraluminal vesicles and contact sites with endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Hence, we present a novel way to integrate multiple parameters of subcellular dynamics and architecture onto a single organelle, which is relevant to address biological questions related to membrane trafficking, organelle biogenesis and positioning. Furthermore, by using CLEM to select regions of interest, our method allows for targeted FIB-SEM, which significantly reduces time required for image acquisition and data processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Job Fermie
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Section Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nalan Liv
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Corlinda Ten Brink
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elly G van Donselaar
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wally H Müller
- Section Cryo-EM, Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole L Schieber
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, EMBL Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yannick Schwab
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, EMBL Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans C Gerritsen
- Section Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Klumperman
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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26
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VAN Donselaar EG, Dorresteijn B, Popov-Čeleketić D, VAN DE Wetering WJ, Verrips TC, Boekhout T, Schneijdenberg CTWM, Xenaki AT, VAN DER Krift TP, Müller WH. Extremely thin layer plastification for focused-ion beam scanning electron microscopy: an improved method to study cell surfaces and organelles of cultured cells. J Microsc 2018; 270:359-373. [PMID: 29574724 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Since the recent boost in the usage of electron microscopy in life-science research, there is a great need for new methods. Recently minimal resin embedding methods have been successfully introduced in the sample preparation for focused-ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM). In these methods several possibilities are given to remove as much resin as possible from the surface of cultured cells or multicellular organisms. Here we introduce an alternative way in the minimal resin embedding method to remove excess of resin from two widely different cell types by the use of Mascotte filter paper. Our goal in correlative light and electron microscopic studies of immunogold-labelled breast cancer SKBR3 cells was to visualise gold-labelled HER2 plasma membrane proteins as well as the intracellular structures of flat and round cells. We found a significant difference (p < 0.001) in the number of gold particles of selected cells per 0.6 μm2 cell surface: on average a flat cell contained 2.46 ± 1.98 gold particles, and a round cell 5.66 ± 2.92 gold particles. Moreover, there was a clear difference in the subcellular organisation of these two cells. The round SKBR3 cell contained many organelles, such as mitochondria, Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum, when compared with flat SKBR3 cells. Our next goal was to visualise crosswall associated organelles, septal pore caps, of Rhizoctonia solani fungal cells by the combined use of a heavy metal staining and our extremely thin layer plastification (ETLP) method. At low magnifications this resulted into easily finding septa which appeared as bright crosswalls in the back-scattered electron mode in the scanning electron microscope. Then, a septum was selected for FIB-SEM. Cross-sectioned views clearly revealed the perforate septal pore cap of R. solani next to other structures, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lipid bodies, dolipore septum, and the pore channel. As the ETLP method was applied on two widely different cell types, the use of the ETLP method will be beneficial to correlative studies of other cell model systems and multicellular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G VAN Donselaar
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - B Dorresteijn
- Science Faculty, Biology Department, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - D Popov-Čeleketić
- Science Faculty, Biology Department, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Visuals Consulting, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - W J VAN DE Wetering
- Science Faculty, Biology Department, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,QVQ, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - T Boekhout
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht Science Park, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - A T Xenaki
- Science Faculty, Biology Department, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - T P VAN DER Krift
- Science Faculty, Chemistry Department, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - W H Müller
- Science Faculty, Chemistry Department, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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27
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Peña B, Owen GR, Dettelbach KE, Berlinguette CP. Spin-coated epoxy resin embedding technique enables facile SEM/FIB thickness determination of porous metal oxide ultra-thin films. J Microsc 2018; 270:302-308. [PMID: 29369353 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A facile nonsubjective method was designed to measure porous nonconductive iron oxide film thickness using a combination of a focused ion beam (FIB) and scanning electron microscopy. Iron oxide films are inherently nonconductive and porous, therefore the objective of this investigation was to optimize a methodology that would increase the conductivity of the film to facilitate high resolution imaging with a scanning electron microscopy and to preserve the porous nature of the film that could potentially be damaged by the energy of the FIB. Sputter coating the sample with a thin layer of iridium before creating the cross section with the FIB decreased sample charging and drifting, but differentiating the iron layer from the iridium coating with backscattered electron imaging was not definitive, making accurate assumptions of the delineation between the two metals difficult. Moreover, the porous nature of the film was lost due to beam damage following the FIB process. A thin layer plastication technique was therefore used to embed the porous film in epoxy resin that would provide support for the film during the FIB process. However, the thickness of the resin created using conventional thin layer plastication processing varied across the sample, making the measuring process only possible in areas where the resin layer was at its thinnest. Such variation required navigating the area for ideal milling areas, which increased the subjectivity of the process. We present a method to create uniform thin resin layers, of controlled thickness, that are ideal for quantifying the thickness of porous nonconductive films with FIB/scanning electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Peña
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T1Z1, Canada
| | - G Rh Owen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T1Z1, Canada.,Centre for High Throughput Phenogenomics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral, Biological & Medical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T1Z3, Canada
| | - K E Dettelbach
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T1Z1, Canada
| | - C P Berlinguette
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T1Z1, Canada.,Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4.,Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T1Z3, Canada
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28
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Jin X, Cao X, Wang X, Jiang J, Wan J, Laliberté JF, Zhang Y. Three-Dimensional Architecture and Biogenesis of Membrane Structures Associated with Plant Virus Replication. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:57. [PMID: 29441085 PMCID: PMC5797596 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Positive-sense (+) RNA viruses represent the most abundant group of viruses and are dependent on the host cell machinery to replicate. One remarkable feature that occurs after (+) RNA virus entry into cells is the remodeling of host endomembranes, leading to the formation of viral replication factories. Recently, rapid progress in three-dimensional (3D) imaging technologies, such as electron tomography (ET) and focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM), has enabled researchers to visualize the novel membrane structures induced by viruses at high resolution. These 3D imaging technologies provide new mechanistic insights into the viral infection cycle. In this review, we summarize the latest reports on the cellular remodeling that occurs during plant virus infection; in particular, we focus on studies that provide 3D architectural information on viral replication factories. We also outline the mechanisms underlying the formation of these membranous structures and discuss possible future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuling Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique—Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Juan Wan
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique—Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-François Laliberté
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique—Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Jean-François Laliberté
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Yongliang Zhang
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29
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Stachewicz U, Szewczyk PK, Kruk A, Barber AH, Czyrska-Filemonowicz A. Pore shape and size dependence on cell growth into electrospun fiber scaffolds for tissue engineering: 2D and 3D analyses using SEM and FIB-SEM tomography. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 95:397-408. [PMID: 30573264 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Electrospun nanofibers have ability to boost cell proliferation in tissue engineered scaffolds as their structure remind cells extra cellular matrix of the native tissue. The complex architecture and network of nanofibrous scaffolds requires advanced characterization methods to understand interrelationship between cells and nanofibers. In our study, we used complementary 2D and 3D analyses of electrospun polylactide-co-glycolide acid (PLGA) scaffolds in two configurations: aligned and randomly oriented nanofibers. Sizes of pores and fibers, pores shapes and porosity, before and after cell culture, were verified by imaging with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and combination of focus ion beam (FIB) and SEM to obtain 3D reconstructions of samples. Using FIB-SEM tomography for 3D reconstructions and 2D analyses, a unique set of data allowing understanding cell proliferation mechanism into the electrospun scaffolds, was delivered. Critically, the proliferation of cells into nanofibers network depends mainly on the pore shape and pores interconnections, which allow deep integration between cells and nanofibers. The proliferation of cells inside the network of fibers is much limited for aligned fibers comparing to randomly oriented fibers. For random fibers cells have easier way to integrate inside the scaffold as the circularity of pores and their sizes are larger than for aligned scaffolds. The complex architecture of electrospun scaffolds requires appropriate, for tissue engineering needs, cell seeding and culture methods, to maximize tissue growth in vitro environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Stachewicz
- AGH University of Science and Technology, International Centre of Electron Microscopy for Materials Science and Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom.
| | - Piotr K Szewczyk
- AGH University of Science and Technology, International Centre of Electron Microscopy for Materials Science and Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Adam Kruk
- AGH University of Science and Technology, International Centre of Electron Microscopy for Materials Science and Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Asa H Barber
- School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, United Kingdom
| | - Aleksandra Czyrska-Filemonowicz
- AGH University of Science and Technology, International Centre of Electron Microscopy for Materials Science and Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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30
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Dewachter L, Verstraeten N, Jennes M, Verbeelen T, Biboy J, Monteyne D, Pérez-Morga D, Verstrepen KJ, Vollmer W, Fauvart M, Michiels J. A Mutant Isoform of ObgE Causes Cell Death by Interfering with Cell Division. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1193. [PMID: 28702018 PMCID: PMC5487468 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell division is a vital part of the cell cycle that is fundamental to all life. Despite decades of intense investigation, this process is still incompletely understood. Previously, the essential GTPase ObgE, which plays a role in a myriad of basic cellular processes (such as initiation of DNA replication, chromosome segregation, and ribosome assembly), was proposed to act as a cell cycle checkpoint in Escherichia coli by licensing chromosome segregation. We here describe the effect of a mutant isoform of ObgE (ObgE∗) that causes cell death by irreversible arrest of the cell cycle at the stage of cell division. Notably, chromosome segregation is allowed to proceed normally in the presence of ObgE∗, after which cell division is blocked. Under conditions of rapid growth, ongoing cell cycles are completed before cell cycle arrest by ObgE∗ becomes effective. However, cell division defects caused by ObgE∗ then elicit lysis through formation of membrane blebs at aberrant division sites. Based on our results, and because ObgE was previously implicated in cell cycle regulation, we hypothesize that the mutation in ObgE∗ disrupts the normal role of ObgE in cell division. We discuss how ObgE∗ could reveal more about the intricate role of wild-type ObgE in division and cell cycle control. Moreover, since Obg is widely conserved and essential for viability, also in eukaryotes, our findings might be applicable to other organisms as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liselot Dewachter
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven - University of LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | - Natalie Verstraeten
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven - University of LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | - Michiel Jennes
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven - University of LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Verbeelen
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven - University of LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | - Jacob Biboy
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Monteyne
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires, Université Libre de BruxellesGosselies, Belgium
| | - David Pérez-Morga
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires, Université Libre de BruxellesGosselies, Belgium.,Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université Libre de BruxellesGosselies, Belgium
| | - Kevin J Verstrepen
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven - University of LeuvenLeuven, Belgium.,Systems Biology Laboratory, VIB Center for MicrobiologyLeuven, Belgium
| | - Waldemar Vollmer
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Maarten Fauvart
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven - University of LeuvenLeuven, Belgium.,Department of Life Sciences and Imaging, Smart Electronics Unit, ImecLeuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Michiels
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven - University of LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
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31
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Ferguson S, Steyer AM, Mayhew TM, Schwab Y, Lucocq JM. Quantifying Golgi structure using EM: combining volume-SEM and stereology for higher throughput. Histochem Cell Biol 2017; 147:653-669. [PMID: 28429122 PMCID: PMC5429891 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-017-1564-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Investigating organelles such as the Golgi complex depends increasingly on high-throughput quantitative morphological analyses from multiple experimental or genetic conditions. Light microscopy (LM) has been an effective tool for screening but fails to reveal fine details of Golgi structures such as vesicles, tubules and cisternae. Electron microscopy (EM) has sufficient resolution but traditional transmission EM (TEM) methods are slow and inefficient. Newer volume scanning EM (volume-SEM) methods now have the potential to speed up 3D analysis by automated sectioning and imaging. However, they produce large arrays of sections and/or images, which require labour-intensive 3D reconstruction for quantitation on limited cell numbers. Here, we show that the information storage, digital waste and workload involved in using volume-SEM can be reduced substantially using sampling-based stereology. Using the Golgi as an example, we describe how Golgi populations can be sensed quantitatively using single random slices and how accurate quantitative structural data on Golgi organelles of individual cells can be obtained using only 5–10 sections/images taken from a volume-SEM series (thereby sensing population parameters and cell–cell variability). The approach will be useful in techniques such as correlative LM and EM (CLEM) where small samples of cells are treated and where there may be variable responses. For Golgi study, we outline a series of stereological estimators that are suited to these analyses and suggest workflows, which have the potential to enhance the speed and relevance of data acquisition in volume-SEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Ferguson
- Structural Cell Biology Group, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, Fife, KY16 9TF, Scotland, UK
| | - Anna M Steyer
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Terry M Mayhew
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Yannick Schwab
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John Milton Lucocq
- Structural Cell Biology Group, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, Fife, KY16 9TF, Scotland, UK.
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32
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Gu J, Valdevit A, Chou TM, Libera M. Substrate effects on cell-envelope deformation during early-stage Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:2967-2976. [PMID: 28361145 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm02815b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial adhesion to a surface is the first step in biofilm formation, and adhesive forces between the surface and a bacterium are believed to give rise to planktonic-to-biofilm phenotypic changes. Here we use Focused-Ion-Beam (FIB) tomography with backscattered scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to image Staphyolococcus aureus (S. aureus) biofilms grown on Au-coated polystyrene (PS) and Au-coated PS modified by mixed thiols of triethylene glycol mono-11-mercaptoundecyl ether (EG3) and 1-dodecanethiol (CH3). The FIB-SEM technique enables a direct measurement of the contact area between individual bacteria and the substrate. The area of adhesion is effectively zero on the EG3 substrate. It is nonzero on all of the other substrates and increases with increasing hydrophobicity. The fact that the contact area is highest on the unmodified gold, however, indicates that other forces beyond hydrophobicity are significant. The magnitude of bacterial deformation suggests that the adhesive forces are on the order of a few nN, consistent with AFM force measurements reported in the literature. The resolution afforded by electron microscopy furthermore enables us to probe changes in the cell-envelope thickness, which decreases within and near the contact area relative to other parts of the same bacterium. This finding supports the idea that mechanosensing due to stress-induced membrane thinning plays a role in the planktonic-to-biofilm transition associated with bacterial adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA.
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33
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Diez-Escudero A, Espanol M, Montufar EB, Di Pompo G, Ciapetti G, Baldini N, Ginebra MP. Focus Ion Beam/Scanning Electron Microscopy Characterization of Osteoclastic Resorption of Calcium Phosphate Substrates. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 23:118-124. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2016.0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Diez-Escudero
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Research in NanoEngineering (CRnE), UPC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Espanol
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Research in NanoEngineering (CRnE), UPC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edgar B. Montufar
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Research in NanoEngineering (CRnE), UPC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Di Pompo
- Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, IstitutoOrtopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriela Ciapetti
- Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, IstitutoOrtopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, IstitutoOrtopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria-Pau Ginebra
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Research in NanoEngineering (CRnE), UPC, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
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34
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Schieber NL, Machado P, Markert SM, Stigloher C, Schwab Y, Steyer AM. Minimal resin embedding of multicellular specimens for targeted FIB-SEM imaging. Methods Cell Biol 2017; 140:69-83. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kaira CS, Mayer CR, De Andrade V, De Carlo F, Chawla N. Nanoscale Three-Dimensional Microstructural Characterization of an Sn-Rich Solder Alloy Using High-Resolution Transmission X-Ray Microscopy (TXM). MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2016; 22:808-813. [PMID: 27426439 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927616011429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) nondestructive microstructural characterization was performed using full-field transmission X-ray microscopy on an Sn-rich alloy, at a spatial resolution of 60 nm. This study highlights the use of synchrotron radiation along with Fresnel zone plate optics to perform absorption contrast tomography for analyzing nanoscale features of fine second phase particles distributed in the tin matrix, which are representative of the bulk microstructure. The 3D reconstruction was also used to quantify microstructural details of the analyzed volume.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carl R Mayer
- 1Materials Science and Engineering,Arizona State University,Tempe,AZ 85287-6106,USA
| | - V De Andrade
- 2Advanced Photon Source,Argonne National Laboratory,Building 401,9700 S. Cass Avenue,Argonne,IL 60439,USA
| | - Francesco De Carlo
- 2Advanced Photon Source,Argonne National Laboratory,Building 401,9700 S. Cass Avenue,Argonne,IL 60439,USA
| | - Nikhilesh Chawla
- 1Materials Science and Engineering,Arizona State University,Tempe,AZ 85287-6106,USA
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Cretoiu D, Gherghiceanu M, Hummel E, Zimmermann H, Simionescu O, Popescu LM. FIB-SEM tomography of human skin telocytes and their extracellular vesicles. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 19:714-22. [PMID: 25823591 PMCID: PMC4395186 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown in 2012 the existence of telocytes (TCs) in human dermis. TCs were described by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as interstitial cells located in non-epithelial spaces (stroma) of many organs (see www.telocytes.com). TCs have very long prolongations (tens to hundreds micrometers) named Telopodes (Tps). These Tps have a special conformation with dilated portions named podoms (containing mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and caveolae) and very thin segments (below resolving power of light microscopy), called podomers. To show the real 3D architecture of TC network, we used the most advanced available electron microscope technology: focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) tomography. Generally, 3D reconstruction of dermal TCs by FIB-SEM tomography revealed the existence of Tps with various conformations: (i) long, flattened irregular veils (ribbon-like segments) with knobs, corresponding to podoms, and (ii) tubular structures (podomers) with uneven calibre because of irregular dilations (knobs) – the podoms. FIB-SEM tomography also showed numerous extracellular vesicles (diameter 438.6 ± 149.1 nm, n = 30) released by a human dermal TC. Our data might be useful for understanding the role(s) of TCs in intercellular signalling and communication, as well as for comprehension of pathologies like scleroderma, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragos Cretoiu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
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Life without a Host Cell: What is Cryptosporidium ? Trends Parasitol 2015; 31:614-624. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Miranda K, Girard-Dias W, Attias M, de Souza W, Ramos I. Three dimensional reconstruction by electron microscopy in the life sciences: An introduction for cell and tissue biologists. Mol Reprod Dev 2015; 82:530-47. [PMID: 25652003 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Early applications of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in the life sciences have contributed tremendously to our current understanding at the subcellular level. Initially limited to two-dimensional representations of three-dimensional (3D) objects, this approach has revolutionized the fields of cellular and structural biology-being instrumental for determining the fine morpho-functional characterization of most cellular structures. Electron microscopy has progressively evolved towards the development of tools that allow for the 3D characterization of different structures. This was done with the aid of a wide variety of techniques, which have become increasingly diverse and highly sophisticated. We start this review by examining the principles of 3D reconstruction of cells and tissues using classical approaches in TEM, and follow with a discussion of the modern approaches utilizing TEM as well as on new scanning electron microscopy-based techniques. 3D reconstruction techniques from serial sections and (cryo) electron-tomography are examined, and the recent applications of focused ion beam-scanning microscopes and serial-block-face techniques for the 3D reconstruction of large volumes are discussed. Alternative low-cost techniques and more accessible approaches using basic transmission or field emission scanning electron microscopes are also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kildare Miranda
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica, Carlos Chagas Filho and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagens-Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Diretoria de Metrologia Aplicada a Ciências da Vida, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (INMETRO), Xer, é, m, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wendell Girard-Dias
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica, Carlos Chagas Filho and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagens-Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia Attias
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica, Carlos Chagas Filho and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagens-Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wanderley de Souza
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica, Carlos Chagas Filho and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagens-Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Diretoria de Metrologia Aplicada a Ciências da Vida, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (INMETRO), Xer, é, m, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabela Ramos
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Insetos, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Leopoldo de Meis -Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Popescu LM, Curici A, Wang E, Zhang H, Hu S, Gherghiceanu M. Telocytes and putative stem cells in ageing human heart. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 19:31-45. [PMID: 25545142 PMCID: PMC4288347 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tradition considers that mammalian heart consists of about 70% non-myocytes (interstitial cells) and 30% cardiomyocytes (CMs). Anyway, the presence of telocytes (TCs) has been overlooked, since they were described in 2010 (visit http://www.telocytes.com). Also, the number of cardiac stem cells (CSCs) has not accurately estimated in humans during ageing. We used electron microscopy to identify and estimate the number of cells in human atrial myocardium (appendages). Three age-related groups were studied: newborns (17 days–1 year), children (6–17 years) and adults (34–60 years). Morphometry was performed on low-magnification electron microscope images using computer-assisted technology. We found that interstitial area gradually increases with age from 31.3 ± 4.9% in newborns to 41 ± 5.2% in adults. Also, the number of blood capillaries (per mm2) increased with several hundreds in children and adults versus newborns. CMs are the most numerous cells, representing 76% in newborns, 88% in children and 86% in adults. Images of CMs mitoses were seen in the 17-day newborns. Interestingly, no lipofuscin granules were found in CMs of human newborns and children. The percentage of cells that occupy interstitium were (depending on age): endothelial cells 52–62%; vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes 22–28%, Schwann cells with nerve endings 6–7%, fibroblasts 3–10%, macrophages 1–8%, TCs about 1% and stem cells less than 1%. We cannot confirm the popular belief that cardiac fibroblasts are the most prevalent cell type in the heart and account for about 20% of myocardial volume. Numerically, TCs represent a small fraction of human cardiac interstitial cells, but because of their extensive telopodes, they achieve a 3D network that, for instance, supports CSCs. The myocardial (very) low capability to regenerate may be explained by the number of CSCs, which decreases fivefold by age (from 0.5% to 0.1% in newborns versus adults).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurentiu M Popescu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Division of Advanced Studies, 'Victor Babeş' National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
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Investigation of resins suitable for the preparation of biological sample for 3-D electron microscopy. J Struct Biol 2014; 189:135-46. [PMID: 25433274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In the last two decades, the third-dimension has become a focus of attention in electron microscopy to better understand the interactions within subcellular compartments. Initially, transmission electron tomography (TEM tomography) was introduced to image the cell volume in semi-thin sections (∼ 500 nm). With the introduction of the focused ion beam scanning electron microscope, a new tool, FIB-SEM tomography, became available to image much larger volumes. During TEM tomography and FIB-SEM tomography, the resin section is exposed to a high electron/ion dose such that the stability of the resin embedded biological sample becomes an important issue. The shrinkage of a resin section in each dimension, especially in depth, is a well-known phenomenon. To ensure the dimensional integrity of the final volume of the cell, it is important to assess the properties of the different resins and determine the formulation which has the best stability in the electron/ion beam. Here, eight different resin formulations were examined. The effects of radiation damage were evaluated after different times of TEM irradiation. To get additional information on mass-loss and the physical properties of the resins (stiffness and adhesion), the topography of the irradiated areas was analysed with atomic force microscopy (AFM). Further, the behaviour of the resins was analysed after ion milling of the surface of the sample with different ion currents. In conclusion, two resin formulations, Hard Plus and the mixture of Durcupan/Epon, emerged that were considerably less affected and reasonably stable in the electron/ion beam and thus suitable for the 3-D investigation of biological samples.
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Cretoiu D, Hummel E, Zimmermann H, Gherghiceanu M, Popescu LM. Human cardiac telocytes: 3D imaging by FIB-SEM tomography. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:2157-64. [PMID: 25327290 PMCID: PMC4224550 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Telocyte (TC) is a newly identified type of cell in the cardiac interstitium (www.telocytes.com). TCs are described by classical transmission electron microscopy as cells with very thin and long telopodes (Tps; cellular prolongations) having podoms (dilations) and podomers (very thin segments). TCs’ three-dimensional (3D) morphology is still unknown. Cardiac TCs seem to be particularly involved in long and short distance intercellular signalling and, therefore, their 3D architecture is important for understanding their spatial connections. Using focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) we show, for the first time, the whole ultrastructural anatomy of cardiac TCs. 3D reconstruction of cardiac TCs by FIB-SEM tomography confirms that they have long, narrow but flattened (ribbon-like) telopodes, with humps generated by the podoms. FIB-SEM tomography also confirms the network made by TCs in the cardiac interstitium through adherens junctions. This study provides the first FIB-SEM tomography of a human cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cretoiu
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; 'Victor Babeş' National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
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KIZILYAPRAK C, DARASPE J, HUMBEL B. Focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy in biology. J Microsc 2014; 254:109-14. [DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. KIZILYAPRAK
- Electron Microscopy Facility; University of Lausanne; Biophore 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - J. DARASPE
- Electron Microscopy Facility; University of Lausanne; Biophore 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - B.M. HUMBEL
- Electron Microscopy Facility; University of Lausanne; Biophore 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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