1
|
Naderi A, Akıncıoğlu A, Çağan A, Çelikkaleli H, Akıncıoğlu H, Göksu S. Design, synthesis and anticholinergic properties of novel α-benzyl dopamine, tyramine, and phenethylamine derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2024; 144:107146. [PMID: 38262088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Due to the important biological properties of dopamine, phenethylamine, and tyramine derivatives in the central nervous system, herein the synthesis of novel α-benzyl dopamine, phenethylamine, and tyramine derivatives is described. The title compounds were synthesized starting from 3-phenylpropanoic acids and methoxybenzenes in six or seven steps. Firstly, 3-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)propanoic acid (11) and 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propanoic acid (12) were selectively brominated with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS). The Friedel-Crafts acylation of methoxylated benzenes with these brominated acids or commercially available 3-phenylpropanoic acid in polyphosphoric acid gave the desired dihydrochalcones. α-Carboxylation of dihydrochalcones, reduction of benzylic carbonyl groups, hydrolysis of esters to acid derivatives, and the Curtius rearrangement reaction of acids followed by in situ synthesis of carbamates from alkyl isocyanates and hydrogenolysis of the carbamates afforded the title compounds in good total yields. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are chronic neurodegenerative diseases that become serious over time. However, the exact pathophysiology of both diseases has not been revealed yet. There have been many different approaches to the treatment of patients for many years, especially studies on the cholinergic system cover a wide area. Within the scope of this study, the inhibition effects of dopamine-derived carbamates and amine salts on the cholinergic enzymes AChE and BChE were examined. Dopamine-derived carbamate 24a-i showed inhibition in the micro-nanomolar range; compound 24d showed a Ki value of 26.79 nM against AChE and 3.33 nM against BChE, while another molecule, 24i, showed a Ki range of 27.24 nM and 0.92 nM against AChE and BChE, respectively. AChE and BChE were effectively inhibited by dopamine-derived amine salts 25j-s, with Ki values in the range of 17.70 to 468.57 µM and 0.76-211.23 µM, respectively. Additionally, 24c, 24e and 25m were determined to be 60, 276 and 90 times more selective against BChE than AChE, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Naderi
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Erzurum, Turkiye
| | - Akın Akıncıoğlu
- Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Central Researching Laboratory, 04100, Ağrı, Turkiye; Vocational School, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, 04100, Ağrı, Turkiye
| | - Ahmet Çağan
- Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Central Researching Laboratory, 04100, Ağrı, Turkiye
| | - Hilal Çelikkaleli
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Erzurum, Turkiye
| | - Hülya Akıncıoğlu
- Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Faculty of Arts and Science, 04100 Ağrı, Turkiye
| | - Süleyman Göksu
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Erzurum, Turkiye.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Akıncıoğlu A, Akbaba Y, Köse LP, Akyüz LD, Göksu S. Synthesis and asymmetric resolution of substituted 2-aminoindane and 2-aminotetralin derivatives. Tetrahedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
3
|
Synthesis of novel sulfamides incorporating phenethylamines and determination of their inhibition profiles against some metabolic enzymes. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2018; 351:e1800150. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201800150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
4
|
Özgeriş B, Aksu K, Tümer F, Göksu S. Synthesis of Dopamine, Rotigotin, Ladostigil, Rasagiline Analogues 2-Amino-4,5,6-trimethoxyindane, 1-Amino-5,6,7-trimethoxyindane, and Their Sulfamide Derivatives. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2014.957321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
5
|
Obora Y. Recent Advances in α-Alkylation Reactions using Alcohols with Hydrogen Borrowing Methodologies. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs501269d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Obora
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yılmaz S, Göksu S. First Synthesis of Dopamine and Rotigotin Analogue 2-Amino-6,8-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2013.841939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Süleyman Yılmaz
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Atatürk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Süleyman Göksu
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Atatürk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Anxionnat B, Gomez Pardo D, Ricci G, Cossy J. First Intramolecular Alkylation of Nitriles with Primary and Secondary Alcohols Catalyzed by Iridium Complexes. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
8
|
Şentürk M, Ekinci D, Göksu S, Supuran CT. Effects of dopaminergic compounds on carbonic anhydrase isozymes I, II, and VI. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2011; 27:365-9. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2011.591290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Şentürk
- Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Science and Art Faculty, Chemistry Department,
Ağrı, Turkey
| | - Deniz Ekinci
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Enzyme and Microbial Biotechnology Division,
Samsun, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Göksu
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry,
Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica,
Via della Lastruccia, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Öztaşkın N, Göksu S, Seçen H. Alternative and Straightforward Synthesis of Dopaminergic 5-Methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-amine. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2010.495043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Necla Öztaşkın
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Ataturk University , Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Göksu
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Ataturk University , Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hasan Seçen
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Ataturk University , Erzurum, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
An Alternative Synthesis of the Dopaminergic Drug 2-Amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-5,6-diol (5,6-ADTN). Helv Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200690030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
12
|
Andreu I, Cabedo N, Fabis F, Cortes D, Rault S. Synthesis of new 8-arylisoquinoline derivatives by application of palladium-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reactions. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
13
|
|
14
|
Huang X, Lawler CP, Lewis MM, Nichols DE, Mailman RB. D1 dopamine receptors. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2002; 48:65-139. [PMID: 11526741 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7742(01)48014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X Huang
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Linnanen T, Brisander M, Mohell N, Johansson AM. Serotonergic and dopaminergic activities of rigidified (R)-aporphine derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:367-70. [PMID: 11212112 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00655-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Novel rigidified (R)-aporphine derivatives were synthesized from (R)-1,11-carbonylaporphine by ring expansion reactions. The structures of the novel analogues were assigned by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The compounds showed moderate affinities and selectivities at serotonin S-HT1A and 5-HT7 and dopamine D2A receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Linnanen
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kloubert S, Mathé-Allainmat M, Andrieux J, Langlois M. A Direct and Efficient Synthetic Method for Nitriles from Ketones. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2000. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910008087438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
17
|
Theoretical study of dopamine. Application of the HSAB principle to the study of drug–receptor interactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(99)00253-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
18
|
Degnan AP, Meyers AI. Enantioselective synthesis of rigid 2-aminotetralins. Utility of silicon as an oxygen and nitrogen surrogate in the tandem addition reaction. J Org Chem 2000; 65:3503-12. [PMID: 10843638 DOI: 10.1021/jo0001131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dimethylphenylsilyllithium undergoes a highly diastereoselective conjugate addition to chiral naphthyloxazoline 11. Electrophilic trapping of the resulting aza-enolate affords the tandem addition product (12) in high yields as a single diastereomer. The silicon, thus incorporated, may be protodesilylated and undergoes a Tamao oxidation to afford the corresponding alcohol. By chemical modification of the oxazoline, both the gamma-lactone (28) and the delta-lactone (37) were prepared. Reduction of each lactone followed by oxidation of the ensuing diol gave the keto aldehyde. Double reductive amination of the 1,4-dicarbonyl (from the gamma-lactone) allowed the synthesis of two novel hexahydrobenz[e]indoles, 20 and 35. Double reductive amination of the 1,5-dicarbonyl (from the delta-lactone) gave access to two novel octahydrobenzo[f]quinolines, 41 and 43. An unprecedented rearrangement of nitro alcohol 26 into lactone 28 is described and a reasonable mechanism for its formation postulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A P Degnan
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ma̧jkosza M, Stalewski J, Wojciechowski K, Witold D. Synthesis of a 1,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenz[cd]indole via the Vicarious Nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen. Tetrahedron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(96)00963-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
20
|
Claudi F, Cingolani GM, Di Stefano A, Giorgioni G, Amenta F, Barili P, Ferrari F, Giuliani D. Synthesis, resolution, and preliminary evaluation of trans-2-amino-6(5)-hydroxy-1-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indenes and related derivatives as dopamine receptors ligands. J Med Chem 1996; 39:4238-46. [PMID: 8863801 DOI: 10.1021/jm960318v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The present work reports the synthesis of enantiomeric pairs of the trans-2-amino-6-hydroxy-1-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene [(+)-14a, (-)-14a] and trans-2-amino-5-hydroxy-1-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1 H-indene [(+)-14b, (-)-14b] and their N,N-di-n-propyl [(+)-and (-)-15a,b], N-methyl-N-allyl [(+)-and (-)-16a,b], and N-methyl-N-n-propyl [(+) and (-)-17a,b] derivatives obtained by a combination of stereospecific reactions and optical resolution. The new compounds were evaluated for their affinity at the dopamine D1 and D2 receptors. The amines (+)- and (-)-14a, incorporating the D1 pharmacophore 2-phenyl-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethylamine in a trans extended conformation, and their derivatives displayed D1 and D2 affinity in the nanomolar range. On the other hand, the enantiomers (+)- and (-)-14b, (+)- and (-)-15b displayed high affinity and selectivity for the D1 receptor. In a preliminary behavioral study on rats (+)-14b, and to a greater extent (+)-15b, promoted episodes of intense grooming, thus indicating that they act as central D1 agonists. The trans-2-amino-5-hydroxy-1-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indenes (+)-14b and (+)-15b represent selective D1 agonists lacking a catechol group, which should meet the prerequisites for a central nervous system penetration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Claudi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Camerino, MC, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
The intramolecular Schmidt reaction of azides with tertiary alcohols: Synthesis of 5-(α-naphthyl)- and 5-(β-naphthyl)indolizidines as potential dopamine analogs and non-opiate antinociceptive agents. Tetrahedron 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(96)00723-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
22
|
Abstract
In recent years, considerable progress has been made in understanding how the olfactory system uses neural space to encode sensory information. In this review, we focus on recent studies aimed at understanding the organizational strategies used by the mammalian olfactory system to encode information. The odorant receptor gene family is discussed in the context of its genomic organization as well as the specificity of olfactory sensory neurons. These data have important consequences for the mechanisms of odorant receptor gene choice by a given sensory neuron. Division of the olfactory epithelium into zones that express different sets of odorant receptors is the first level of input organization. The topographical relationship between periphery and olfactory bulb represents a further level of processing of information and results in the formation of a highly organized spatial map of information in the olfactory bulb. There, local circuitry refines the sensory input through various lateral interactions. Finally, the factors that may drive the development of such a spatial map are discussed. The onset of expression and the establishment of the zonal organization of odorant receptor genes in the epithelium are not dependent upon the presence of the olfactory bulb, suggesting that the functional identity of olfactory sensory neurons is determined independently of target selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S L Sullivan
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mori K, Yoshihara Y. Molecular recognition and olfactory processing in the mammalian olfactory system. Prog Neurobiol 1995; 45:585-619. [PMID: 7624486 DOI: 10.1016/0301-0082(94)00058-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Mori
- Department of Neuroscience, Osaka Bioscience Institute, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chilmonczyk Z, Bogdal M, Zaworska A, Cybulski J, Szelejewski W. Some analogues of 1,4-disubstituted piperazines as hypnotic and sedative agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 1995; 328:187-91. [PMID: 7726746 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.19953280218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Preparation, analytical data, and biological properties such as acute toxicity, influence on spontaneous and amphetamine induced locomotor activity, hypnotic activity, influence on hexobarbital narcosis and anticonvulsant activity of new analogues of pyrimidyl piperazines--ethyl 3-[4-(2-pyrimidyl)-1-piperazinyl]-3-oxopropanoate (4), 1-[4-(2-pyrimidyl)-1-piperazinyl]-1,3-butandione (5), ethyl 3-[4-(2-pyrimidyl)-1-piperazinyl]butanoate (6) and 1-[4-(2-pyrimidyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2-acetyl-1-hexanone (7)--are reported.
Collapse
|
25
|
Özlü Y, Cladingboel DE, Parsons PJ. Tandem radical cyclisations : Synthesis of lysergic acid derivatives. Tetrahedron 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)85078-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
26
|
Bertolini G, Vecchietti V, Mabilia M, Norcini G, Restelli A, Santangelo F, Villa AM, Casagrande C. Dopamine receptor agonists. I. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 4-aryl-substituted analogues of 6,7-dihydroxy-2-amino tetralin (6,7-ADTN) and related indane compounds. Eur J Med Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0223-5234(92)90086-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
27
|
Bédoui A, Mayrargue J, Moskowitz H, Thal C. Stereoselective synthesis of new spirobenzodihydropyrancyclohexanes. J Heterocycl Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570290244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
28
|
Al Neirabeyeh M, Reynaud D, Podona T, Ou L, Perdicakis C, Coudert G, Guillaumet G, Pichat L, Gharib A, Sarda N. Methoxy and hydroxy derivatives of 3,4-dihydro-3-(di-n-propylamino)-2H-1-benzopyrans: new synthesis and dopaminergic activity. Eur J Med Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0223-5234(91)90145-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
29
|
Georgiadis MP, Apostolopoulos CD, Haroutounian SA. Products from furans.XV. Synthesis of novel tyramine derivativesvia6-hydroxy-2H-pyran-3(6H)-ones. J Heterocycl Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570280311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
30
|
Martin YC. Computer design of potentially bioactive molecules by geometric searching with ALADDIN. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0898-5529(90)90117-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
31
|
Davies K, Upton R. Experiences building and searching the Chapman & Hall Dictionary of Drugs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0898-5529(90)90165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
32
|
Lin C, Pavlik PA, Martin YC. Use of molecular fields to compare series of potentially bioactive molecules designed by scientists or by computer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0898-5529(90)90170-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
33
|
Van Drie JH, Weininger D, Martin YC. ALADDIN: an integrated tool for computer-assisted molecular design and pharmacophore recognition from geometric, steric, and substructure searching of three-dimensional molecular structures. J Comput Aided Mol Des 1989; 3:225-51. [PMID: 2573695 DOI: 10.1007/bf01533070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
ALADDIN is a computer program for the design or recognition of compounds that meet geometric, steric, and substructural criteria. ALADDIN searches a database of three-dimensional structures, marks atoms that meet substructural criteria, evaluates geometric criteria, and prepares a number of files that are input for molecular modification and coordinate generation as well as for molecular graphics. Properties calculated from the three-dimensional structure are described by either properties calculated from the molecule itself or from the molecule as compared to a reference molecule and associated surfaces. ALADDIN was used to design analogues to probe a bioactive conformation of a small molecule and a peptide, to test alternative superposition rules for receptor mapping of the D2 dopamine receptor, to recognize unexpected D2 dopamine agonist activity of existing compounds, and to design compounds to fit a binding site on a protein of known structure. We have found that series designed by ALADDIN show much more subtle variation in shape than do those designed by traditional methods and that compounds can be designed to be very close matches to the objective.
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
1. The pharmacology, biochemistry and structure-activity relationships pertinent to the D1 and D2 subtypes of dopamine receptors are reviewed. 2. Recent advances in receptor purification and our understanding of the secondary messenger systems involved are presented. 3. D1 and D2 receptors of central nervous, endocrine and peripheral systems are identical.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P M Beart
- University of Melbourne, Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
Manallack DT, Beart PM. A three dimensional receptor model of the dopamine D2 receptor from computer graphic analyses of D2 agonists. J Pharm Pharmacol 1988; 40:422-8. [PMID: 2901474 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1988.tb06307.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Four potent D2 agonists were employed to define a primary pharmacophore for the D2 receptor. Hypothetical receptor points, representing interaction points on a receptor were built on to each molecule. These points and the nitrogen atom were averaged to give the coordinates (A) of the primary pharmacophore: R1 (0.00, 3.50, 0.00), R2 (0.00, -3.50, 0.00), R3 (5.79, 2.06, 0.00), and nitrogen (5.13, -0.63, 0.37). Eight structural classes of D2 agonists were then superimposed on to the primary pharmacophore to aid in the location of secondary binding sites. The secondary sites include two lipophilic clefts, an area of steric bulk, a region to hydrogen bond 'meta' hydroxy groups and a 'critical region' accepting methoxy and halogen substituents but not hydroxy substituents. The model has the potential to design and predict activity of novel D2 agonist compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D T Manallack
- University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
The D-1 receptor will provide a fruitful ground for many scientists in the coming years. Pure biochemists will attempt to isolate, purify and sequence the molecule itself. Functional biochemists will study the mechanisms whereby the receptor regulates adenylate cyclase activity. Physiologists will attempt to study the consequences of stimulating the receptor in either the brain or in peripheral tissues. Animal behavioralists will attempt to understand how the receptor participates in the generation of animals response to dopaminergic drugs (both agonists and antagonists). Finally, it remains to be determined if any novel therapeutic agents targeted towards the D-1 receptor will become commercially viable compounds.
Collapse
|
38
|
Högberg T, Norinder U, Rämsby S, Stensland B. Crystallographic, theoretical and molecular modelling studies on the conformations of the salicylamide, raclopride, a selective dopamine-D2 antagonist. J Pharm Pharmacol 1987; 39:787-96. [PMID: 2891816 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1987.tb05120.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The structure of the potent dopamine-D2 antagonist, raclopride, (S)-3,5-dichloro-N-[(1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl]-6-methoxysalicylamid e (+)-tartrate, has been determined by X-ray crystallography. The benzamide moiety of raclopride is planar in accordance with other salicylamides (FLA 797 and eticlopride). The planar conformation is stabilized by two intramolecular hydrogen bonds, i.e. one between the amide hydrogen and the methoxy group and one between the phenol hydrogen and the carbonyl group. The side-chain of raclopride has an extended conformation in contrast to the solid state conformations of FLA 797 and eticlopride. The side-chain conformations were studied by rigid rotations followed by MM2PI relaxations of the eight local minima found. Small energy differences (less than 4.0 kcal mol-1) exist between the various extended and folded conformations. Based on modelling studies with piquindone as template, it is suggested that the salicylamides with N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinylmethyl side-chains interact with the dopamine-D2 receptor in a folded or a half-folded conformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Högberg
- Research and Development Laboratories, Astra Alab AB, Södertälje, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|