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de Freitas RL, Acunha RM, Bendaña-Córdoba FR, Medeiros P, Melo-Thomas L, Coimbra NC. Nitric oxide-signalling affects panic-like defensive behaviour and defensive antinociception neuromodulation in the prelimbic cerebral cortex. Brain Res 2024; 1844:149134. [PMID: 39097217 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE The prelimbic division (PrL) of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a key structure in panic. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in defensive behaviour and antinociception. METHODS Either Nω-propyl-L-arginine (NPLA) or Carboxy-PTIO was microinjected in the PrL cortex, followed by hypothalamic treatment with bicuculline. The exploratory behaviours, defensive reactions and defensive antinociception were recorded. Encephalic c-Fos protein was immunolabelled after escape behaviour. RESULTS NPLA (an inhibition of nNOs) decreased panic-like responses and innate fear-induced antinociception. The c-PTIO (a membrane-impermeable NO scavenger) decreased the escape behaviour. PrL cortex pre-treatment with c-PTIO at all doses decreased defensive antinociception. c-Fos protein was labelled in neocortical areas, limbic system, and mesencephalic structures. CONCLUSION The NPLA and c-PTIO in the PrL/mPFC decreased the escape behaviour and defensive antinociception organised by medial hypothalamic nuclei. The oriented escape behaviour recruits neocortical areas, limbic system, and mesencephalic structures. These findings suggest that the organisation of defensive antinociception recruits NO-signalling mechanisms within the PrL cortex. Furthermore, the present findings also support the role of NO as a retrograde messenger in the PrL cortex during panic-like emotional reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Leonardo de Freitas
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; Laboratory of Neurosciences of Pain & Emotions and Multi-User Centre of Neuroelectrophysiology, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, FMRP-USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; Institute of Neuroscience and Behaviour (INeC) Ophidiarium, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-901, Brazil; Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples 80138, Italy; Institute of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Str. Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Alfenas, 37130-000 Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil.
| | - Renata Moreira Acunha
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; Laboratory of Neurosciences of Pain & Emotions and Multi-User Centre of Neuroelectrophysiology, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, FMRP-USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando René Bendaña-Córdoba
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; Laboratory of Neurosciences of Pain & Emotions and Multi-User Centre of Neuroelectrophysiology, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, FMRP-USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Priscila Medeiros
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; Laboratory of Neurosciences of Pain & Emotions and Multi-User Centre of Neuroelectrophysiology, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, FMRP-USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; Department of General and Specialized Nursing, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing (EERP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Liana Melo-Thomas
- Marburg Centre for Mind, Brain, and Behaviour (MCMBB) of the Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany; Behavioural Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Gutenbergstr. 18, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Norberto Cysne Coimbra
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; Institute of Neuroscience and Behaviour (INeC) Ophidiarium, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-901, Brazil.
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Kozlova AA, Rubets E, Vareltzoglou MR, Jarzebska N, Ragavan VN, Chen Y, Martens-Lobenhoffer J, Bode-Böger SM, Gainetdinov RR, Rodionov RN, Bernhardt N. Knock-out of the critical nitric oxide synthase regulator DDAH1 in mice impacts amphetamine sensitivity and dopamine metabolism. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:1097-1112. [PMID: 36792833 PMCID: PMC10460711 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02597-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of nitric oxide levels by degrading the main endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). Growing evidence highlight the potential implication of DDAH/ADMA axis in the etiopathogenesis of several neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we sought to investigate the role of DDAH1 in behavioral endophenotypes with neuropsychiatric relevance. To achieve this, a global DDAH1 knock-out (DDAH1-ko) mouse strain was employed. Behavioral testing and brain region-specific neurotransmitter profiling have been conducted to assess the effect of both genotype and sex. DDAH1-ko mice exhibited increased exploratory behavior toward novel objects, altered amphetamine response kinetics and decreased dopamine metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) level in the piriform cortex and striatum. Females of both genotypes showed the most robust amphetamine response. These results support the potential implication of the DDAH/ADMA pathway in central nervous system processes shaping the behavioral outcome. Yet, further experiments are required to complement the picture and define the specific brain-regions and mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena A Kozlova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elena Rubets
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Center for Vascular Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Magdalini R Vareltzoglou
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Natalia Jarzebska
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Center for Vascular Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vinitha N Ragavan
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Center for Vascular Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yingjie Chen
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | | | - Stefanie M Bode-Böger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Otto-Von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Raul R Gainetdinov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine and Saint-Petersburg University Hospital, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Roman N Rodionov
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Center for Vascular Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nadine Bernhardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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3
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Klimova NV, Chadaeva IV, Shichevich SG, Kozhemyakina RV. Differential expression of 10 genes in the hypothalamus of two generations of rats selected for a reaction to humans. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2022; 25:208-215. [PMID: 35083397 PMCID: PMC8698098 DOI: 10.18699/vj21.50-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual behavioral differences are due to an interaction of the genotype and the environment. Phenotypic manifestation of aggressive behavior depends on the coordinated expression of gene ensembles. Nonetheless,
the identification of these genes and of combinations of their mutual influence on expression remains a difficult
task. Using animal models of aggressive behavior (gray rats that were selected for a reaction to humans; tame and
aggressive rat strains), we evaluated the expression of 10 genes potentially associated with aggressiveness according
to the literature: Cacna1b, Cacna2d3, Drd2, Egr1, Gad2, Gria2, Mapk1, Nos1, Pomc, and Syn1. To identify the genes most
important for the manifestation of aggressiveness, we analyzed the expression of these genes in two generations of
rats: 88th and 90th. Assessment of gene expression levels was carried out by real-time PCR in the hypothalamus of
tame and aggressive rats. This analysis confirmed that 4 out of the 10 genes differ in expression levels between aggressive rats and tame rats in both generations. Specifically, it was shown that the expression of the Cacna1b, Drd2,
Egr1, and Gad2 genes does not differ between the two generations (88th vs 90th) within each strain, but significantly
differs between the strains: in the tame rats of both generations, the expression levels of these genes are significantly
lower as compared to those in the aggressive rats. Therefore, these genes hold promise for further studies on behavioral characteristics. Thus, we confirmed polygenic causes of phenotypic manifestation of aggressive reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Klimova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - I V Chadaeva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - S G Shichevich
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - R V Kozhemyakina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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4
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Xu H, Zhong Y, Yuan S, Wu Y, Ma Z, Hao Z, Ding H, Wu H, Liu G, Pang M, Liu N, Wang C, Zhang N. Nitric Oxide Synthase Type 1 Methylation Is Associated With White Matter Microstructure in the Corpus Callosum and Greater Panic Disorder Severity Among Panic Disorder Patients. Front Neurol 2021; 12:755270. [PMID: 34733233 PMCID: PMC8559336 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.755270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Methylation of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1/nNOS) gene has recently been identified as a promising biomarker of psychiatric disorders. NOS1 plays an essential role in neurite outgrowth and may thus affect the microstructure development of white matter (WM) in the corpus callosum (CC), which is known to be altered in panic disorder (PD). We examined the relationship between NOS1 methylation, WM tracts in the CC, and symptoms based on this finding. Methods: Thirty-two patients with PD and 22 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited after age, gender, and the education level were matched. The cell type used was whole-blood DNA, and DNA methylation of NOS1 was measured at 20 CpG sites in the promoter region. Although 25 patients with PD were assessed with the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans were only collected from 16 participants with PD. Results: We observed that the PD group showed lower methylation than did the HCs group and positive correlations between the symptom severity of PD and methylation at CpG4 and CpG9. In addition, CpG9 methylation was significantly correlated with the fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) values of the CC and its major components (the genu and the splenium) in the PD group. Furthermore, path analyses showed that CpG9 methylation offers a mediating effect for the association between the MD values of the genu of the CC and PD symptom severity (95% CI = −1.731 to −0.034). Conclusions: The results suggest that CpG9 methylation leads to atypical development of the genu of the CC, resulting in higher PD symptom severity, adding support for the methylation of NOS1 as a future prognostic indicator of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhen Xu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiting Yuan
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Wu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zijuan Ma
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyu Hao
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huachen Ding
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiqing Wu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Manlong Pang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Liu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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5
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Tomiga Y, Sakai K, Nakashima S, Uehara Y, Kawanaka K, Higaki Y. Effects of inosine monophosphate and exercise training on neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the mouse brain. Neurosci Lett 2020; 734:135083. [PMID: 32479857 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the purine nucleoside inosine has been demonstrated to have several neuroprotective effects. Similarly, exercise training has well-known beneficial effects on mental health and cognitive function. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is a key neuronal messenger in several brain regions, and the downregulation of nNOS has been shown to improve brain function. However, whether inosine and exercise training have combined effects on nNOS pathway-related proteins in the brain remains unknown. We found, for the first time, that inosine monophosphate (IMP), which is a precursor of inosine, decreases nNOS levels in the ventral hippocampus (vHp) and the cerebellum (Ce), but not in the dorsal hippocampus (dHp). In the vHp, the phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) was also upregulated, which negatively correlated with nNOS protein levels. In the cerebral cortex (Cx), no significant activation of the nNOS pathway was observed. In the dHp, vHp, Cx, and Ce, no interactions between the effects of IMP and exercise on nNOS protein and CREB phosphorylation levels were observed. The phosphorylation of nNOS was regulated by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. Although IMP induced minor changes in Akt phosphorylation, nNOS phosphorylation was unchanged by either IMP or exercise. In conclusion, in the vHp, which is associated with emotional behavior, IMP decreased nNOS levels and activated CREB, suggesting that IMP can elicit anxiolytic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tomiga
- Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Sakai
- Graduate School of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shihoko Nakashima
- Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka, Japan; Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Uehara
- Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka, Japan; Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kawanaka
- Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka, Japan; Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuki Higaki
- Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka, Japan; Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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6
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Ridderbusch IC, Yang Y, Weber H, Reif A, Herterich S, Ströhle A, Pfleiderer B, Arolt V, Wittchen HU, Lueken U, Kircher T, Straube B. Neural correlates of NOS1 ex1f-VNTR allelic variation in panic disorder and agoraphobia during fear conditioning and extinction in fMRI. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 27:102268. [PMID: 32361414 PMCID: PMC7200443 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
NOS1 ex1f-VNTR is associated with neural correlates during fear extinction learning. Differential effects are prominent in amygdala and hippocampus. Patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia differ from healthy controls. Genotype associated effects were not altered after cognitive behavioral therapy.
Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS-I) impacts on fear/anxiety-like behavior in animals. In humans, the short (S) allele of a functional promotor polymorphism of NOS1 (NOS1 ex1f-VNTR) has been shown to be associated with higher anxiety and altered fear conditioning in healthy subjects in the amygdala and hippocampus (AMY/HIPP). Here, we explore the role of NOS1 ex1f-VNTR as a pathophysiological correlate of panic disorder and agoraphobia (PD/AG). In a sub-sample of a multicenter cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) randomized controlled trial in patients with PD/AG (n = 48: S/S-genotype n=15, S/L-genotype n=21, L/L-genotype n=12) and healthy control subjects, HS (n = 34: S/S-genotype n=7, S/L-genotype n=17, L/L-genotype=10), a differential fear conditioning and extinction fMRI-paradigm was used to investigate how NOS1 ex1f-VNTR genotypes are associated with differential neural activation in AMY/HIPP. Prior to CBT, L/L-allele carriers showed higher activation than S/S-allele carriers in AMY/HIPP. A genotype × diagnosis interaction revealed that the S-allele in HS was associated with a pronounced deactivation in AMY/HIPP, while patients showed contrary effects. The interaction of genotype × stimulus type (CS+, conditioned stimulus associated with an aversive stimulus vs. CS-, unassociated) showed effects on differential learning in AMY/HIPP. All effects were predominately found during extinction. Genotype associated effects in patients were not altered after CBT. Low statistical power due to small sample size in each subgroup is a major limitation. However, our findings provide first preliminary evidence for dysfunctional neural fear conditioning/extinction associated with NOS1 ex1f-VNTR genotype in the context of PD/AG, shedding new light on the complex interaction between genetic risk, current psychopathology and treatment-related effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle C Ridderbusch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy & Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - CMBB, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Yunbo Yang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy & Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - CMBB, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Heike Weber
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sabine Herterich
- Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Ströhle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina Pfleiderer
- Medical Faculty, University of Münster and Department Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Volker Arolt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Wittchen
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), München, Germany
| | - Ulrike Lueken
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy & Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - CMBB, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Straube
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy & Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - CMBB, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Araújo JRC, Campos AR, de Barros M V Damasceno M, Santos SAAR, Ferreira MKA, de Azevedo Moreira R, de O Monteiro-Moreira AC. Neuropharmacological Characterization of Dioclea altissima Seed Lectin (DAL) in Mice: Evidence of Anxiolytic-like Effect Mediated by Serotonergic, GABAergic Receptors and NO Pathway. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:3895-3904. [PMID: 32228418 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200331093207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant lectins have shown promising biological activities in the central nervous system (CNS). OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effect of DAL, a lectin isolated from the seeds of the Dioclea altissima species, having binding affinity to D-glucose or D-mannose residues, on mice behavior. METHODS Mice (n=6/group) were treated (i.p.) with DAL (0.25, 0.5 or 1 mg/kg) or vehicle and subjected to several tests (open field/OFT, marble-burying/MBT, hole-board/HBT, elevated plus maze/PMT, tail suspension/ TST, forced swimming/FST or rotarod/RRT). Pizotifen, cyproheptadine, flumazenil, L-NAME, 7-NI, Larginine or yohimbine were administered 15 min before DAL (0.5 mg/kg) and the animals were evaluated on PMT. It was also verified whether the DAL effect depended on its structural integrity and ability to interact with carbohydrates. RESULTS The results showed there were no neurobehavioral changes in the mice at the RRT, FST and locomotion in the OFT. DAL (0.25, 0.5 or 1 mg/kg) increased the behavior of grooming and rearing in the OFT, head dips in the HBT, pedalling in the TST and decreased the number of marbles hidden in the MBT. In the PMT, DAL (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg) and Diazepam increased the frequency of entries in the open arms and the time of permanence in the open arms without affecting the locomotor activity. The effect of DAL was dependent on carbohydrate interaction and protein structure integrity and it prevented by pizotifen, cyproheptadine, flumazenil, L-NAME and 7-NI, but not by L-arginine or yohimbine. CONCLUSION DAL was found to have an anxiolytic-like effect mediated by the 5-HT and GABAergic receptors and NO pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- João R C Araújo
- Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (Renorbio), State University of Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Adriana R Campos
- Experimental Biology Centre (NUBEX), University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | | | - Sacha A A R Santos
- Experimental Biology Centre (NUBEX), University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Maria K A Ferreira
- Experimental Biology Centre (NUBEX), University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
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8
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Carreño Gutiérrez H, O'Leary A, Freudenberg F, Fedele G, Wilkinson R, Markham E, van Eeden F, Reif A, Norton WHJ. Nitric oxide interacts with monoamine oxidase to modulate aggression and anxiety-like behaviour. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 30:30-43. [PMID: 28951000 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous neurotransmitter that has important behavioural functions in the vertebrate brain. In this study we compare the impact of decreased nitric NO signalling upon behaviour and neurobiology using both zebrafish and mouse. nitric oxide synthase mutant (nos1-/-) zebrafish show significantly reduced aggression and an increase in anxiety-like behaviour without altered production of the stress hormone cortisol. Nos1-/- mice also exhibit decreased aggression and are hyperactive in an open field test. Upon reduction of NO signalling, monoamine neurotransmitter metabolism is reduced as a consequence of decreased Monoamine oxidase activity. Treatment of nos1-/- zebrafish with the 5-HT receptor 1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT rescues aggression and some aspects of anxiety-like behaviour. Taken together, the interplay between NO and 5-HT appears to be critical to control behaviour. Our cross-species approach challenges the previous notion that reduced neuronal NOS leads to increased aggression. Rather, Nos1 knock-out can also lead to decreased aggression in some situations, a finding that may have implications for future translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Carreño Gutiérrez
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, University Rd, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Aet O'Leary
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Florian Freudenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Giorgio Fedele
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, University Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Rob Wilkinson
- Centre for Developmental and Biomedical Genetics, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Eleanor Markham
- Centre for Developmental and Biomedical Genetics, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Freek van Eeden
- Centre for Developmental and Biomedical Genetics, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - William H J Norton
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, University Rd, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
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9
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Roth NJ, Zipperich S, Kopf J, Deckert J, Reif A. Influence of two functional polymorphisms in NOS1 on baseline cortisol and working memory in healthy subjects. Nitric Oxide 2019; 88:45-49. [PMID: 31002875 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The neuronal isoform of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS-I) encoded by NOS1 is the main source of nitric oxide (NO) in the brain. Reduced NO signaling in the prefrontal cortex has been linked to schizophrenia and cognitive processes while reduced striatal NOS1 expression has been associated with impulsive behavior. METHODS To evaluate the effect of two functional polymorphisms in alternative first exons of NOS1, ex1f-VNTR and ex1c-SNP rs41279104, on the HPA stress axis and neurocognitive abilities, 280 healthy subjects were genotyped, had their salivary cortisol levels measured and were assessed in verbal memory, verbal fluency, working memory and verbal IQ by using the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), the Regensburger test of verbal fluency (RWT), a n-back task and subscales of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III (WAIS-III). RESULTS Schizophrenia risk (A)-allele carriers of NOS1 ex1c-SNP rs41279104 displayed significantly lower baseline cortisol levels (p = 0.004). NOS1 ex1f-VNTR genotype carriers showed differences in working memory performance (p = 0.05) in a gene-dose effect manner, with homozygous carriers of the short impulsivity-risk allele committing most commission errors. Finally, A-allele carriers of the NOS1 ex1c-SNP rs41279104 tended to react faster during the working memory task (p = 0.065). CONCLUSION For the first time, we demonstrated an influence of the NOS1 ex1c-SNP rs41279104 on salivary cortisol levels and additionally implicate the A-allele in an enhanced reaction time during a working memory task. Regarding the NOS1 ex1f-VNTR our study supports the previously reported influence on impulsivity, lending further support to the hypothesis that this genetic variant underlies impulsive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Roth
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - S Zipperich
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J Kopf
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J Deckert
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - A Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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10
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Lacidipine attenuates reserpine-induced depression-like behavior and oxido-nitrosative stress in mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:1265-1275. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01667-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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11
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Zhou QG, Zhu XH, Nemes AD, Zhu DY. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase and affective disorders. IBRO Rep 2018; 5:116-132. [PMID: 30591953 PMCID: PMC6303682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Affective disorders including major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BPD), and general anxiety affect more than 10% of population in the world. Notably, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), a downstream signal molecule of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) activation, is abundant in many regions of the brain such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, amygdala, dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), locus coeruleus (LC), and hypothalamus, which are closely associated with the pathophysiology of affective disorders. Decreased levels of the neurotransmitters including 5-hydroxytryptamine or serotonin (5-HT), noradrenalin (NA), and dopamine (DA) as well as hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are common pathological changes of MDD, BPD, and anxiety. Increasing data suggests that nNOS in the hippocampus play a crucial role in the etiology of MDD whereas nNOS-related dysregulation of the nitrergic system in the LC is closely associated with the pathogenesis of BPD. Moreover, hippocampal nNOS is implicated in the role of serotonin receptor 1 A (5-HTR1 A) in modulating anxiety behaviors. Augment of nNOS and its carboxy-terminal PDZ ligand (CAPON) complex mediate stress-induced anxiety and disrupting the nNOS-CAPON interaction by small molecular drug generates anxiolytic effect. To date, however, the function of nNOS in affective disorders is not well reviewed. Here, we summarize works about nNOS and its signal mechanisms implicated in the pathophysiology of affective disorders. On the basis of this review, it is suggested that future research should more fully focus on the role of nNOS in the pathomechanism and treatment of affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Gang Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Xian-Hui Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Ashley D Nemes
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA
| | - Dong-Ya Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
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12
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Dark C, Homman-Ludiye J, Bryson-Richardson RJ. The role of ADHD associated genes in neurodevelopment. Dev Biol 2018; 438:69-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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13
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Exercise training rescues high fat diet-induced neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of mice. Nitric Oxide 2017; 66:71-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Lukiw WJ, Rogaev EI. Genetics of Aggression in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:87. [PMID: 28443016 PMCID: PMC5385328 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a terminal, age-related neurological syndrome exhibiting progressive cognitive and memory decline, however AD patients in addition exhibit ancillary neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) and these include aggression. In this communication we provide recent evidence for the mis-regulation of a small family of genes expressed in the human hippocampus that appear to be significantly involved in expression patterns common to both AD and aggression. DNA array- and mRNA transcriptome-based gene expression analysis and candidate gene association and/or genome-wide association studies (CGAS, GWAS) of aggressive attributes in humans have revealed a surprisingly small subset of six brain genes that are also strongly associated with altered gene expression patterns in AD. These genes encoded on five different chromosomes (chr) include the androgen receptor (AR; chrXq12), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF; chr11p14.1), catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT; chr22q11.21), neuronal specific nitric oxide synthase (NOS1; chr12q24.22), dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH chr9q34.2) and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH1, chr11p15.1 and TPH2, chr12q21.1). Interestingly, (i) the expression of three of these six genes (COMT, DBH, NOS1) are highly variable; (ii) three of these six genes (COMT, DBH, TPH1) are involved in DA or serotonin metabolism, biosynthesis and/or neurotransmission; and (iii) five of these six genes (AR, BDNF, COMT, DBH, NOS1) have been implicated in the development, onset and/or propagation of schizophrenia. The magnitude of the expression of genes implicated in aggressive behavior appears to be more pronounced in the later stages of AD when compared to MCI. These recent genetic data further indicate that the extent of cognitive impairment may have some bearing on the degree of aggression which accompanies the AD phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter J Lukiw
- Louisiana State University (LSU) Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science CenterNew Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Science CenterNew Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science CenterNew Orleans, LA, USA.,Bollinger Professor of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Louisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Evgeny I Rogaev
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia.,Center for Brain Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesNovosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Psychiatry, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcester, MA, USA.,School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow, Russia
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15
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16
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Effects of environmental enrichment in aged mice on anxiety-like behaviors and neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression in the brain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 476:635-640. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Dachtler J, Elliott C, Rodgers RJ, Baillie GS, Clapcote SJ. Missense mutation in DISC1 C-terminal coiled-coil has GSK3β signaling and sex-dependent behavioral effects in mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18748. [PMID: 26728762 PMCID: PMC4700527 DOI: 10.1038/srep18748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) is a risk factor for schizophrenia and affective disorders. The full-length DISC1 protein consists of an N-terminal 'head' domain and a C-terminal tail domain that contains several predicted coiled-coils, structural motifs involved in protein-protein interactions. To probe the in vivo effects of missense mutation of DISC1's C-terminal tail, we tested mice carrying mutation D453G within a predicted α-helical coiled-coil region. We report that, relative to wild-type littermates, female DISC1(D453G) mice exhibited novelty-induced hyperlocomotion, an anxiogenic profile in the elevated plus-maze and open field tests, and reduced social exploration of unfamiliar mice. Male DISC1(D453G) mice displayed a deficit in passive avoidance, while neither males nor females exhibited any impairment in startle reactivity or prepulse inhibition. Whole brain homogenates showed normal levels of DISC1 protein, but decreased binding of DISC1 to GSK3β, decreased phospho-inhibition of GSK3β at serine 9, and decreased levels of β-catenin in DISC1(D453G) mice of either sex. Interrupted GSK3β signaling may thus be part of the mechanism underlying the behavioral phenotype associated with D453G, in common with the previously described N-terminal domain mutations Q31L and L100P in mice, and the schizophrenia risk-conferring variant R264Q in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Dachtler
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Christina Elliott
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - R John Rodgers
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - George S Baillie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Steven J Clapcote
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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18
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Freudenberg F, Alttoa A, Reif A. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1) and its adaptor, NOS1AP, as a genetic risk factors for psychiatric disorders. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2015; 14:46-63. [PMID: 25612209 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous transmitter produced by nitric oxide synthases (NOSs). The neuronal isoform (NOS-I, encoded by NOS1) is the main source of NO in the central nervous system (CNS). Animal studies suggest that nitrinergic dysregulation may lead to behavioral abnormalities. Unfortunately, the large number of animal studies is not adequately reflected by publications concerning humans. These include post-mortem studies, determination of biomarkers, and genetic association studies. Here, we review the evidence for the role of NO in psychiatric disorders by focusing on the human NOS1 gene as well as biomarker studies. Owing to the complex regulation of NOS1 and the varying function of NOS-I in different brain regions, no simple, unidirectional association is expected. Rather, the 'where, when and how much' of NO formation is decisive. Present data, although still preliminary and partially conflicting, suggest that genetically driven reduced NO signaling in the prefrontal cortex is associated with schizophrenia and cognition. Both NOS1 and its interaction partner NOS1AP have a role therein. Also, reduced NOS1 expression in the striatum determined by a length polymorphism in a NOS1 promoter (NOS1 ex1f-VNTR) goes along with a variety of impulsive behaviors. An association of NOS1 with mood disorders, suggested by animal models, is less clear on the genetic level; however, NO metabolites in blood may serve as biomarkers for major depression and bipolar disorder. As the nitrinergic system comprises a relevant target for pharmacological interventions, further studies are warranted not only to elucidate the pathophysiology of mental disorders, but also to evaluate NO function as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Freudenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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19
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Role of the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside in the antidepressant effect of ketamine in mice. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:1848-52. [PMID: 26138155 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine may represent an efficient alternative antidepressant with rapid therapeutic onset; however, the clinical use of ketamine is hampered by psychosis-like side-effects. Recent studies suggest that the nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) prevents psychosis-like abnormalities triggered by ketamine or another NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, phencyclidine (PCP) in rats. SNP was shown to elicit antipsychotic effects also in humans. Considering the tight interrelation between NMDAR activation and neuronal NO synthesis, we evaluated the effect of pre-treatment with SNP on the antidepressant action of ketamine. We found that SNP (0.5-1mg/kg, i.p.) did not alter the antidepressant effect of ketamine (30 mg/kg) in the Porsolt Forced Swim Test (FST) in mice. Additionally, SNP by itself produced no effect in the FST or in the openfield. This suggests indirectly a differential involvement of the nitrinergic system in the antidepressant vs. psychotomimetic effect of ketamine, although an influence of species-specific differences cannot be excluded in this interpretation.
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20
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Weber H, Kittel-Schneider S, Heupel J, Weißflog L, Kent L, Freudenberg F, Alttoa A, Post A, Herterich S, Haavik J, Halmøy A, Fasmer OB, Landaas ET, Johansson S, Cormand B, Ribasés M, Sánchez-Mora C, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Franke B, Lesch KP, Reif A. On the role of NOS1 ex1f-VNTR in ADHD-allelic, subgroup, and meta-analysis. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2015; 168:445-458. [PMID: 26086921 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heritable neurodevelopmental disorder featuring complex genetics with common and rare variants contributing to disease risk. In a high proportion of cases, ADHD does not remit during adolescence but persists into adulthood. Several studies suggest that NOS1, encoding nitric oxide synthase I, producing the gaseous neurotransmitter NO, is a candidate gene for (adult) ADHD. We here extended our analysis by increasing the original sample, adding two further samples from Norway and Spain, and conducted subgroup and co-morbidity analysis. Our previous finding held true in the extended sample, and also meta-analysis demonstrated an association of NOS1 ex1f-VNTR short alleles with adult ADHD (aADHD). Association was restricted to females, as was the case in the discovery sample. Subgroup analysis on the single allele level suggested that the 21-repeat allele caused the association. Regarding subgroups, we found that NOS1 was associated with the hyperactive/impulsive ADHD subtype, but not to pure inattention. In terms of comorbidity, major depression, anxiety disorders, cluster C personality disorders and migraine were associated with short repeats, in particular the 21-repeat allele. Also, short allele carriers had significantly lower IQ. Finally, we again demonstrated an influence of the repeat on gene expression in human post-mortem brain samples. These data validate the role of NOS-I in hyperactive/impulsive phenotypes and call for further studies into the neurobiological underpinnings of this association. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Weber
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Microarray Core Unit, IZKF Würzburg, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Kittel-Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Julia Heupel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lena Weißflog
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lindsey Kent
- School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Scotland, UK
| | - Florian Freudenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Aet Alttoa
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Antonia Post
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Herterich
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Norway.,Department of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne Halmøy
- Department of Biomedicine, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Norway.,Department of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole B Fasmer
- Department of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Section for Psychiatry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elisabeth T Landaas
- Department of Biomedicine, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Stefan Johansson
- Department of Biomedicine, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Bru Cormand
- Departament of Genetics, Universiy of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Center on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Marta Ribasés
- Biomedical Network Research Center on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Salud Carlos III, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Psychiatric Genetics Unit, University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Mora
- Biomedical Network Research Center on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Salud Carlos III, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Psychiatric Genetics Unit, University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Biomedical Network Research Center on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Salud Carlos III, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics and Psychiatry, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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21
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Sanna MD, Monti M, Casella L, Roggeri R, Galeotti N, Morbidelli L. Neuronal effects of a nickel-piperazine/NO donor complex in rodents. Pharmacol Res 2015; 99:162-73. [PMID: 26094781 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In the brain, NO is a very important molecule in the regulation of cerebral and extra cerebral cranial blood flow and arterial diameters. It is also importantly involved in many neuronal functions and innumerable roles of NO in many brain related disorders including epilepsy, schizophrenia, drug addiction, anxiety, major depression, have been postulated. The present study aimed to explore the neuronal role exerted by the metal-nonoate compound Ni(PipNONO)Cl, a novel NO donor whose vascular protective effects have been recently demonstrated. Ni(PipNONO)Cl showed antidepressant-like properties in the tail suspension test and antiamnesic activity in the passive avoidance test in the absence of any hypernociceptive response to a mechanical stimulus. These effects were related to the NO-releasing properties of the compound within the central nervous system as demonstrated by the increase of iNOS levels in the brain, spinal cord and dura mater. The modulation of neuronal functions appeared after acute and repeated treatment, showing the lack of any tolerance to neuronal effects. At the dose used (10 mg/kg i.p.), Ni(PipNONO)Cl did not induce any visible sign of toxicity and experiments were performed in the absence of locomotor impairments. In addition to the NO-related neuronal activities of Ni(PipNONO)Cl, the decomposition control compound Ni(Pip)Cl2 showed anxiogenic-like and procognitive effects. The present findings showed neuronal modulatory activity of Ni(PipNONO)Cl through a NO-mediated mechanism. The activities of the decomposition compound Ni(Pip)Cl2 attributed to Ni(PipNONO)Cl the capability to modulate additional neuronal functions independently from NO releasing properties extending and improving the therapeutic perspectives of the NO donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Domenica Sanna
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Monti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; Noxamet Ltd, Via Besana 2, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Luigi Casella
- Noxamet Ltd, Via Besana 2, 20122 Milano, Italy; Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Nicoletta Galeotti
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Lucia Morbidelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; Noxamet Ltd, Via Besana 2, 20122 Milano, Italy
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James BM, Li Q, Luo L, Kendrick KM. Aged neuronal nitric oxide knockout mice show preserved olfactory learning in both social recognition and odor-conditioning tasks. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:105. [PMID: 25870540 PMCID: PMC4375995 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence for both neurotoxic and neuroprotective roles of nitric oxide (NO) in the brain and changes in the expression of the neuronal isoform of NO synthase (nNOS) gene occur during aging. The current studies have investigated potential support for either a neurotoxic or neuroprotective role of NO derived from nNOS in the context of aging by comparing olfactory learning and locomotor function in young compared to old nNOS knockout (nNOS−/−) and wildtype control mice. Tasks involving social recognition and olfactory conditioning paradigms showed that old nNOS−/− animals had improved retention of learning compared to similar aged wildtype controls. Young nNOS−/− animals showed superior reversal learning to wildtypes in a conditioned learning task, although their performance was weakened with age. Interestingly, whereas young nNOS−/− animals were impaired in long term memory for social odors compared to wildtype controls, in old animals this pattern was reversed, possibly indicating beneficial compensatory changes influencing olfactory memory may occur during aging in nNOS−/− animals. Possibly such compensatory changes may have involved increased NO from other NOS isoforms since the memory deficit in young nNOS−/− animals could be rescued by the NO-donor, molsidomine. Both nNOS−/− and wildtype animals showed an age-associated decline in locomotor activity although young nNOS−/− animals were significantly more active than wildtypes, possibly due to an increased interest in novelty. Overall our findings suggest that lack of NO release via nNOS may protect animals to some extent against age-associated cognitive decline in memory tasks typically involving olfactory and hippocampal regions, but not against declines in reversal learning or locomotor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwen M James
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu, Sichuan, China ; Department of Medicine, St Bernard's Hospital Gibraltar, UK
| | - Qin Li
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lizhu Luo
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Keith M Kendrick
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Lisboa SF, Gomes FV, Silva AL, Uliana DL, Camargo LHA, Guimarães FS, Cunha FQ, Joca SRL, Resstel LBM. Increased Contextual Fear Conditioning in iNOS Knockout Mice: Additional Evidence for the Involvement of Nitric Oxide in Stress-Related Disorders and Contribution of the Endocannabinoid System. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 18:pyv005. [PMID: 25618404 PMCID: PMC4571624 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyv005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inducible or neuronal nitric oxide synthase gene deletion increases or decreases anxiety-like behavior in mice, respectively. Since nitric oxide and endocannabinoids interact to modulate defensive behavior, the former effect could involve a compensatory increase in basal brain nitric oxide synthase activity and/or changes in the endocannabinoid system. Thus, we investigated the expression and extinction of contextual fear conditioning of inducible nitric oxide knockout mice and possible involvement of endocannabinoids in these responses. METHODS We evaluated the effects of a preferential neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, 7-nitroindazol, nitric oxide synthase activity, and mRNA changes of nitrergic and endocannabinoid systems components in the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of wild-type and knockout mice. The effects of URB597, an inhibitor of the fatty acid amide hydrolase enzyme, which metabolizes the endocannabinoid anandamide, WIN55,212-2, a nonselective cannabinoid agonist, and AM281, a selective CB1 antagonist, on contextual fear conditioning were also evaluated. RESULTS Contextual fear conditioning expression was similar in wild-type and knockout mice, but the latter presented extinction deficits and increased basal nitric oxide synthase activity in the medial prefrontal cortex. 7-Nitroindazol decreased fear expression and facilitated extinction in wild-type and knockout mice. URB597 decreased fear expression in wild-type and facilitated extinction in knockout mice, whereas WIN55,212-2 and AM281 increased it in wild-type mice. Nonconditioned knockout mice showed changes in the mRNA expression of nitrergic and endocannabinoid system components in the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus that were modified by fear conditioning. CONCLUSION These data reinforce the involvement of the nitric oxide and endocannabinoids (anandamide) in stress-related disorders and point to a deregulation of the endocannabinoid system in situations where nitric oxide signaling is increased.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arachidonic Acids/metabolism
- Benzamides/pharmacology
- Benzoxazines/pharmacology
- Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
- Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
- Carbamates/pharmacology
- Conditioning, Psychological/drug effects
- Conditioning, Psychological/physiology
- Endocannabinoids/metabolism
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Extinction, Psychological/drug effects
- Extinction, Psychological/physiology
- Fear/drug effects
- Fear/physiology
- Freezing Reaction, Cataleptic/drug effects
- Freezing Reaction, Cataleptic/physiology
- Hippocampus/drug effects
- Hippocampus/metabolism
- Indazoles/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Morpholines/pharmacology
- Naphthalenes/pharmacology
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/genetics
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism
- Polyunsaturated Alkamides/metabolism
- Prefrontal Cortex/drug effects
- Prefrontal Cortex/metabolism
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Stress, Psychological/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina F Lisboa
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto (Drs Lisboa, Gomes, Silva, Cunha, and Resstel, Ms Uliana and Ms Camargo), Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (Dr Joca), and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil (Drs Lisboa, Gomes, Guimarães, Joca, and Resstel).
| | - Felipe V Gomes
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto (Drs Lisboa, Gomes, Silva, Cunha, and Resstel, Ms Uliana and Ms Camargo), Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (Dr Joca), and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil (Drs Lisboa, Gomes, Guimarães, Joca, and Resstel)
| | - Andréia L Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto (Drs Lisboa, Gomes, Silva, Cunha, and Resstel, Ms Uliana and Ms Camargo), Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (Dr Joca), and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil (Drs Lisboa, Gomes, Guimarães, Joca, and Resstel)
| | - Daniela L Uliana
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto (Drs Lisboa, Gomes, Silva, Cunha, and Resstel, Ms Uliana and Ms Camargo), Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (Dr Joca), and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil (Drs Lisboa, Gomes, Guimarães, Joca, and Resstel)
| | - Laura H A Camargo
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto (Drs Lisboa, Gomes, Silva, Cunha, and Resstel, Ms Uliana and Ms Camargo), Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (Dr Joca), and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil (Drs Lisboa, Gomes, Guimarães, Joca, and Resstel)
| | - Francisco S Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto (Drs Lisboa, Gomes, Silva, Cunha, and Resstel, Ms Uliana and Ms Camargo), Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (Dr Joca), and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil (Drs Lisboa, Gomes, Guimarães, Joca, and Resstel)
| | - Fernando Q Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto (Drs Lisboa, Gomes, Silva, Cunha, and Resstel, Ms Uliana and Ms Camargo), Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (Dr Joca), and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil (Drs Lisboa, Gomes, Guimarães, Joca, and Resstel)
| | - Sâmia R L Joca
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto (Drs Lisboa, Gomes, Silva, Cunha, and Resstel, Ms Uliana and Ms Camargo), Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (Dr Joca), and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil (Drs Lisboa, Gomes, Guimarães, Joca, and Resstel)
| | - Leonardo B M Resstel
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto (Drs Lisboa, Gomes, Silva, Cunha, and Resstel, Ms Uliana and Ms Camargo), Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (Dr Joca), and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil (Drs Lisboa, Gomes, Guimarães, Joca, and Resstel)
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Liu C, Yang Y, Hu X, Li JM, Zhang XM, Cai Y, Li Z, Yan XX. Ontogenesis of NADPH-diaphorase positive neurons in guinea pig neocortex. Front Neuroanat 2015; 9:11. [PMID: 25762900 PMCID: PMC4329812 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2015.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cerebrum there exist two distinct types of interneurons expressing nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Type I neurons are large in size and exhibit heavy nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemical reaction, while type II cells are small with light NADPH-d reactivity. The time of origin of these cortical neurons relative to corticogenesis remains largely unclear among mammals. Here we explored this issue in guinea pigs using cell birth-dating and double-labeling methods. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) pulse-chasing (2 doses at 50 mg/kg, 12 h apart) was given to time-pregnant mothers, followed by quantification of NADPH-d/BrdU colocalization in the parietal and temporal neocortex in offspring at postnatal day 0 (P0), P30 and P60. Type I neurons were partially colabeled with BrdU at P0, P30 and P60 following pulse-chasing at embryonic day 21 (E21), E28 and E35, varied from 2–11.3% of total population of these neurons for the three time groups. Type II neurons were partially colabeled for BrdU following pulse-chasing at E21, E28, E35 and E42 at P0 (8.6%–16.5% of total population for individual time groups). At P60, type II neurons were found to co-express BrdU (4.8–11.3% of total population for individual time groups) following pulse-chasing at E21, E28, E35, E42, E49, E56 and E60/61. These results indicate that in guinea pigs type I neurons are generated during early corticogenesis, whereas type II cells are produced over a wide prenatal time window persisting until birth. The data also suggest that type II nitrinergic neurons may undergo a period of development/differentiation, for over 1 month, before being NADPH-d reactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University School of Basic Medical Science Changsha, China ; Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Changsha Changsha, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University School of Basic Medical Science Changsha, China ; School of Nursing, Xiangtan Vocational and Technical College Xiangtan, China
| | - Xia Hu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University School of Basic Medical Science Changsha, China
| | - Jian-Ming Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University School of Basic Medical Science Changsha, China
| | - Xue-Mei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University Harbin, China
| | - Yan Cai
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University School of Basic Medical Science Changsha, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University School of Basic Medical Science Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University School of Basic Medical Science Changsha, China
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25
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Determination of motor activity and anxiety-related behaviour in rodents: methodological aspects and role of nitric oxide. Interdiscip Toxicol 2014; 6:126-35. [PMID: 24678249 PMCID: PMC3967438 DOI: 10.2478/intox-2013-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In various areas of the bio-medical, pharmacological and psychological research a multitude of behavioural tests have been used to investigate the effects of environmental, genetic and epi-genetic factors as well as pharmacological substances or diseased states on behaviour and thus on the physiological and psycho-social status of experimental subjects. This article is reviewing the most frequently used behavioural tests in animal research (open field, elevated plus maze, zero maze, and black and white box). It provides a summary of common characteristics as well as differences in the methods used in various studies to determine motor activity, anxiety and emotionality. Additionally to methodological aspects, strain, sex and stress-related differences as well as the involvement of nitric oxide in modulation of motor activity and anxiety of rodents were briefly reviewed.
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26
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R K, D M A, C N, S N W, C D. Oxidative imbalance and anxiety disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2014; 12:193-204. [PMID: 24669212 PMCID: PMC3964749 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x11666131120223530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The oxidative imbalance appears to have an important role in anxiety development. Studies in both humans and animals have shown a strong correlation between anxiety and oxidative stress. In humans, for example, the increased malondialdehyde levels and discrepancies in antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes have been observed. In animals, several studies also show that anxiety-like behavior is related to the oxidative imbalance. Moreover, anxiety-like behavior can be caused by pharmacological-induced oxidative stress. Studies using knockout or overexpression of antioxidant enzymes have shown a relationship between anxiety-like behavior and oxidative stress. Related factors of oxidative stress that could influence anxious behavior are revised, including impaired function of different mitochondrial proteins, inflammatory cytokines, and neurotrophic factors. It has been suggested that a therapy specifically focus in reducing reactive species production may have a beneficial effect in reducing anxiety. However, the neurobiological pathways underlying the effect of oxidative stress on anxiety symptoms are not fully comprehended. The challenge now is to identify the oxidative stress mechanisms likely to be involved in the induction of anxiety symptoms. Understanding these pathways could help to clarify the neurobiology of the anxiety disorder and provide tools for new discovery in therapies and preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krolow R
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Arcego D M
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Noschang C
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Weis S N
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Dalmaz C
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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27
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Park MK, Lee HJ, Choi JK, Kim HJ, Kang JH, Lee EJ, Kim YR, Kang JH, Yoo JK, Cho HY, Kim JK, Kim CH, Park JH, Lee CH. Novel anti-nociceptive effects of cardamonin via blocking expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and transglutaminase-2. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 118:10-5. [PMID: 24398147 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we reported that Alpinia katsumadai (AK) has anti-nociceptive activity in vivo and that cardamonin (CDN) from AK suppresses the activity and expression of transglutaminase-2 (Tgase-2). However, it remains unknown whether CDN contributes to the anti-nociceptive activities of AK in vivo. We examined the anti-inflammatory effects of CDN in MG63 osteoblast-like cells and Raw264.7 macrophage-like cells treated with interleukin-1β treatment. CDN suppressed the expression of Tgase-2, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and p65 (nuclear factor-κB) in a concentration-dependent manner, and restored the expression of IκB in MG63 and Raw264.7 cells. However, CDN did not inhibit the activity of COX-2. Gene silencing of Tgase-2 reduced the COX-2 expression in MG63 cells. Phenylbenzoquinone (PBQ)-induced writhing, carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia, and rota-rod test were used to evaluate the anti-nociceptive activity in vivo. CDN (3-30 mg/kg, orally administered) significantly inhibited PBQ-induced writhing. CDN also produced a significant, dose-dependent increase in the withdrawal response latencies in carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia. The effects of CDN on PBQ-induced writhing were not caused by impaired motor functions. These results suggest that CDN might be helpful in controlling the pain from inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Kyung Park
- BK21PLUS R-FIND team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ja Lee
- BK21PLUS R-FIND team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kyu Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Kim
- BK21PLUS R-FIND team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - June Hee Kang
- BK21PLUS R-FIND team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Lee
- BK21PLUS R-FIND team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - You Ri Kim
- BK21PLUS R-FIND team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hee Kang
- National Cancer Center, Goyang 449-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ki Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-836, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Yeong Cho
- Korea Pharmacology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kyeoung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-836, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Kim
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hwan Park
- BK21PLUS R-FIND team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- BK21PLUS R-FIND team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Finnerty NJ, Bolger FB, Pålsson E, Lowry JP. An investigation of hypofrontality in an animal model of schizophrenia using real-time microelectrochemical sensors for glucose, oxygen, and nitric oxide. ACS Chem Neurosci 2013; 4:825-31. [PMID: 23578219 DOI: 10.1021/cn4000567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose, O2, and nitric oxide (NO) were monitored in real time in the prefrontal cortex of freely moving animals using microelectrochemical sensors following phencyclidine (PCP) administration. Injection of saline controls produced a decrease in glucose and increases in both O2 and NO. These changes were short-lived and typical of injection stress, lasting ca. 30 s for glucose and between 2 and 6 min for O2 and NO, respectively. Subchronic PCP (10 mg/kg) resulted in increased motor activity and increases in all three analytes lasting several hours: O2 and glucose were uncoupled with O2 increasing rapidly following injection reaching a maximum of 70% (ca. 62 μM) after ca. 15 min and then slowly returning to baseline over a period of ca. 3 h. The time course of changes in glucose and NO were similar; both signals increased gradually over the first hour post injection reaching maxima of 55% (ca. 982 μM) and 8% (ca. 31 nM), respectively, and remaining elevated to within 1 h of returning to baseline levels (after ca. 5 and 7 h, respectively). While supporting increased utilization of glucose and O2 and suggesting overcompensating supply mechanisms, this neurochemical data indicates a hyperfrontal effect following acute PCP administration which is potentially mediated by NO. It also confirms that long-term in vivo electrochemical sensors and data offer a real-time biochemical perspective of the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall J. Finnerty
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Fiachra B. Bolger
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Erik Pålsson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience
and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, PO Box 431, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John P. Lowry
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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Association of a functional variant of the nitric oxide synthase 1 gene with personality, anxiety, and depressiveness. Dev Psychopathol 2013; 24:1225-35. [PMID: 23062293 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579412000661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A functional promoter polymorphism of the nitric oxide synthase 1 gene first exon 1f variable number tandem repeat (NOS1 ex1f-VNTR) is associated with impulsivity and related psychopathology. Facets of impulsivity are strongly associated with personality traits; maladaptive impulsivity with neuroticism; and adaptive impulsivity with extraversion. Both high neuroticism and low extraversion predict anxiety and depressive symptoms. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the NOS1 ex1f-VNTR genotype and possible interaction with environmental factors on personality, anxiety, and depressiveness in a population-representative sample. Short allele carriers had higher neuroticism and anxiety than individuals with the long/long (l/l) genotype. Male short/short homozygotes also had higher extraversion. In the face of environmental adversity, females with a short allele had higher scores of neuroticism, anxiety, and depressiveness compared to the l/l genotype. Males were more sensitive to environmental conditions when they had the l/l genotype and low extraversion. In conclusion, the NOS1 ex1f-VNTR influences personality and emotional regulation dependent on gender and environment. Together with previous findings on the effect of the NOS1 genotype on impulse control, these data suggest that NOS1 should be considered another plasticity gene, because its variants are associated with different coping strategies.
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30
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Dağdeviren M, Doğan YH, Kanıt L. Effects of restraint stress and nitric oxide synthase inhibition on learning and strategy preference in young adult male rats. Balkan Med J 2012; 29:376-80. [PMID: 25207037 DOI: 10.5152/balkanmedj.2012.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of restraint stress and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition by NωNitro-L-Arginine (LNA) on learning and strategy preference. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rats were randomly divided into four groups (Saline, Saline+Stress, LNA, LNA+Stress). Stress was applied for one hour in glass cylinders during 13 days. One hour after this stress application, water maze experiments were started. Injections (saline 1 ml/kg or 50 mg/kg LNA) were given 10 minutes before each experiment. The platform was kept visible or hidden (on the 4(th), 8(th), 12(th) days) at the same position. On the 13(th) day the platform was located on the opposite quadrant. RESULTS Saline groups exhibited significantly better performances (F(1.31)=174.038 p<0.05) at the beginning compared to the NOS inhibited groups. For initial hidden platform days; stress was determined as an impairment factor (F(1.31)=5.190 p=0.012). At the end, acquisition occurred on both visible and hidden platform days for all groups. There was no significant strategy preference difference between the groups.Development of the stress and NOS inhibition impairments were seen, particularly at different periods of the acquisition. CONCLUSION NOS inhibition did not worsen restraint stress-induced learning impairments in rats. Lack of effect may be explained by the antidepressive consequences of NOS inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melih Dağdeviren
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | | | - Lütfiye Kanıt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
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31
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Kopf J, Schecklmann M, Hahn T, Dieler AC, Herrmann MJ, Fallgatter AJ, Reif A. NOS1 ex1f-VNTR polymorphism affects prefrontal oxygenation during response inhibition tasks. Hum Brain Mapp 2012; 33:2561-71. [PMID: 21922604 PMCID: PMC6869911 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.21382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Impulsivity is a trait shared by many psychiatric disorders and therefore a suitable intermediate phenotype for their underlying biological mechanisms. One of the molecular determinants involved is the NOS1 ex1f-VNTR, whose short variants are associated with a variety of impulsive behaviors. Fifty-six healthy controls were stratified into homozygous long (LL) (30 probands) and short (SS) (26 probands) allele groups. Subjects completed a combined stop-signal go/nogo task, while the oxygenation in the prefrontal cortex was measured with functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Electromyography was recorded to control for differences in muscle activity in the two inhibition tasks. Two questionnaires on impulsive traits were completed. Differences between the two tasks are shown by distinct activation patterns within the prefrontal cortex. The nogo task resulted mainly in the activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), whereas successful and unsuccessful inhibition in the stop-signal task elicited the predicted activity in the inferior frontal cortex (IFC). Although significant differences were found in neither the scores obtained on impulsivity-related questionnaires nor the behavioral data, the LL group displayed increased dlPFC activity during nogo trials and the predicted activation in the IFC during successful inhibition in the stop-signal task, while no significant activation was found in the SS group. Our data confirm an influence of NOS1 ex1f-VNTR on impulsivity, as carriers of the short risk allele exhibited diminished activity of (pre-)frontal brain regions during the inhibition in a stop-signal task. Impairment of prefrontal control with consecutive failure of inhibitory processes might underlie association findings reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Kopf
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Clinical and Molecular Psychobiology, Wuerzburg, Germany.
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32
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Serfőző Z, Lontay B, Kukor Z, Erdődi F. Chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthase activity by NG-nitro-L-arginine induces nitric oxide synthase expression in the developing rat cerebellum. Neurochem Int 2012; 60:605-15. [PMID: 22391324 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Studies on chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the CNS suggest a plastic change in nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in areas related to motor control, which might protect the animal from the functional and behavioral consequences of NO deficiency. In the present study, the acute and chronic effect of the substrate analogue inhibitor N(G)-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA) was examined on NO production, NO-sensitive cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels and the expression of NOS isoforms in the developing rat cerebellum. Acute intraperitoneal administration of the inhibitor (5-200mg/kg) to 21-day-old rats reduced NOS activity and NO concentration dose dependently by 70-90% and the tissue cGMP level by 60-80%. By contrast, chronic application of l-NNA between postnatal days 4-21 diminished the total NOS activity and NO concentration only by 30%, and the tissue cGMP level by 10-50%. Chronic treatment of 10mg/kg l-NNA induced neuronal (n)NOS expression in granule cells, as revealed by in situ hybridization, NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry and Western-blot, but it had no significant influence on tissue cGMP level or on layer formation of the cerebellum. However, a higher concentration (50mg/kg) of l-NNA decreased the intensity of the NADPH-diaphorase reaction in granule cells, significantly reduced cGMP production, and retarded layer formation and induced inducible (i)NOS expression & activity in glial cells. Treatments did not affect endothelial (e)NOS expression. The administration of the biologically inactive isomer D-NNA (50mg/kg) or saline was ineffective. The present findings suggest the existence of a concentration-dependent compensatory mechanism against experimentally-induced cronich inhibition of NOS, including nNOS or iNOS up-regulation, which might maintain a steady-state NO level in the developing cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Serfőző
- Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, Center for Ecological Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Klebelsberg Kuno u. 3, H-8237 Tihany, Hungary.
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Human IgG directed against amphiphysin induces anxiety behavior in a rat model after intrathecal passive transfer. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2012; 119:981-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-012-0773-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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A functional promoter polymorphism of neuronal nitric oxide synthase moderates prefrontal functioning in schizophrenia. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2011; 14:887-97. [PMID: 21281558 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145710001677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive deficits in tasks involving the prefrontal cortex such as working memory or verbal fluency are a key component of schizophrenia. This led to the hypofrontality hypothesis of schizophrenia, which is widely accepted even though molecular underpinnings are elusive. While disturbances of glutamatergic neurotransmission might play a role, other components have rarely been investigated. Recently, the promoter region of nitric oxide (NO) synthase-I (NOS-I, encoded by the gene NOS1), impacting on prefrontal glutamate transmission, has repeatedly been associated with schizophrenia. We thus tested whether an associated schizophrenia risk variant (rs41279104), leading to reduced expression of the transcript, influences prefrontal brain functioning. Forty-three patients suffering from chronic schizophrenia and 44 controls were genotyped for NOS1 rs41279104 and investigated by means of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), while completing a working-memory task (2-back test) and a verbal fluency test (VFT). After matching for genotype, behavioural and brain activation data of 26 patients and 28 comparable controls were correlated to rs41279104. Healthy controls showed significant activation of large parts of the lateral prefrontal cortex during both tasks, whereas task-related changes in oxygenation were significantly reduced in patients. Schizophrenia patients also performed worse in both tasks. The NOS1 schizophrenia risk genotype rs41279104 AA/AG was associated with slower reaction time in the 2-back task, as well as with reduced right-hemispheric activation of the frontal cortex for VFT in patients only. Our fNIRS data extend previous studies suggesting disturbed prefrontal functioning in schizophrenia and suggest that genetic variation of NOS1 has a role in cognitive dysfunction, probably by mediating glutamatergic tone.
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Geis C, Weishaupt A, Grünewald B, Wultsch T, Reif A, Gerlach M, Dirkx R, Solimena M, Perani D, Heckmann M, Toyka KV, Folli F, Sommer C. Human stiff-person syndrome IgG induces anxious behavior in rats. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16775. [PMID: 21346811 PMCID: PMC3035624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anxiety is a heterogeneous behavioral domain playing a role in a variety of neuropsychiatric diseases. While anxiety is the cardinal symptom in disorders such as panic disorder, co-morbid anxious behavior can occur in a variety of diseases. Stiff person syndrome (SPS) is a CNS disorder characterized by increased muscle tone and prominent agoraphobia and anxiety. Most patients have high-titer antibodies against glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) 65. The pathogenic role of these autoantibodies is unclear. Methodology/Principal Findings We re-investigated a 53 year old woman with SPS and profound anxiety for GABA-A receptor binding in the amygdala with (11)C-flumazenil PET scan and studied the potential pathogenic role of purified IgG from her plasma filtrates containing high-titer antibodies against GAD 65. We passively transferred the IgG fraction intrathecally into rats and analyzed the effects using behavioral and in vivo electrophysiological methods. In cell culture, we measured the effect of patient IgG on GABA release from hippocampal neurons. Repetitive intrathecal application of purified patient IgG in rats resulted in an anxious phenotype resembling the core symptoms of the patient. Patient IgG selectively bound to rat amygdala, hippocampus, and frontal cortical areas. In cultured rat hippocampal neurons, patient IgG inhibited GABA release. In line with these experimental results, the GABA-A receptor binding potential was reduced in the patient's amygdala/hippocampus complex. No motor abnormalities were found in recipient rats. Conclusion/Significance The observations in rats after passive transfer lead us to propose that anxiety-like behavior can be induced in rats by passive transfer of IgG from a SPS patient positive for anti-GAD 65 antibodies. Anxiety, in this case, thus may be an antibody-mediated phenomenon with consecutive disturbance of GABAergic signaling in the amygdala region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Geis
- Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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Imbalance Between Nitric Oxide and Dopamine May Underly Aggression in Acute Neurological Patients. Neurochem Res 2010; 35:1659-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-010-0227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Laas K, Reif A, Herterich S, Eensoo D, Lesch KP, Harro J. The effect of a functional NOS1 promoter polymorphism on impulsivity is moderated by platelet MAO activity. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2010; 209:255-61. [PMID: 20186396 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-010-1793-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity is associated with impulsivity in clinical samples. Recently, a functional promoter polymorphism of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1) termed NOS1 ex1f-VNTR was found to have an effect on impulsivity-related traits and resulting psychopathology. OBJECTIVE The study aims to explore the effect of both platelet MAO activity and NOS1 ex1f-VNTR genotype on impulsivity in a population-derived sample. METHODS This study was on a non-clinical sample of adult male subjects, previously used to investigate the effect of platelet MAO activity on impulsivity-related behaviour (Paaver et al., Psychopharmacology 186:32-40, 2006). Six hundred thirty-seven male subjects were genotyped for the NOS1 ex1f-VNTR promoter polymorphism. Impulsivity was self-reported. Effects of age and smoking, known to affect platelet MAO activity, were controlled for. RESULTS No main effect of either NOS1 genotype or platelet MAO activity was present. However, significant interactions were found between effects of the NOS1 genotype and platelet MAO activity on impulsivity measures. Impulsivity and in particular the aspects of adaptive impulsivity (e.g. fast decision-making and excitement-seeking behaviour) were higher in subjects with the NOS1 ex1f-VNTR short/short genotype if they belonged to the platelet MAO medium activity (interquartile) range. CONCLUSIONS This study supports evidence for higher impulsivity in the NOS1 short/short genotype subjects and further suggests that this is present in the subset of subjects who have close to average platelet MAO activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kariina Laas
- Department of Psychology, Estonian Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Tiigi 78, 50410, Tartu, Estonia
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Ali AK, Banks WA, Kumar VB, Shah GN, Lynch JL, Farr SA, Fleegal-DeMotta MA, Morley JE. Nitric oxide activity and isoenzyme expression in the senescence-accelerated mouse p8 model of Alzheimer's disease: effects of anti-amyloid antibody and antisense treatments. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2009; 64:1025-30. [PMID: 19531769 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glp074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid beta protein (Abeta) in Alzheimer's disease induces oxidative stress through several mechanisms, including stimulation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity. We examined NOS activity and expression in the senescence-accelerated mouse P8 (SAMP8) line. The SAMP8 strain develops with aging cognitive impairments, increases in Abeta, and oxidative stress, all reversed by amyloid precursor protein antisense or Abeta antibody treatment. We found here that hippocampal NOS activity in 12-month-old SAMP8 mice was nearly double that of 2-month-old SAMP8 or CD-1 mice, but with no change in NOS isoenzyme mRNA and protein levels. Antisense or antibody treatment further increased NOS activity in aged SAMP8 mice. Antisense treatment increased inducible NOS (iNOS) mRNA levels, decreased neuronal NOS mRNA and protein levels, but did not affect endothelial NOS (eNOS) or iNOS protein or eNOS mRNA levels. These results suggest a complex relation between Abeta and NOS in the SAMP8 that is largely mediated through posttranslational mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas K Ali
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center-St Louis, MO 63106, USA
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Reif A, Jacob CP, Rujescu D, Herterich S, Lang S, Gutknecht L, Baehne CG, Strobel A, Freitag CM, Giegling I, Romanos M, Hartmann A, Rösler M, Renner TJ, Fallgatter AJ, Retz W, Ehlis AC, Lesch KP. Influence of Functional Variant of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase on Impulsive Behaviors in Humans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 66:41-50. [DOI: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2008.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Nitric oxide involvement and neural substrates of the conditioned and innate fear as evaluated in the T-maze test in rats. Behav Brain Res 2008; 189:341-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2008.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2006] [Revised: 01/18/2008] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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