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Boufaied N, Chetta P, Hallal T, Cacciatore S, Lalli D, Luthold C, Homsy K, Imada EL, Syamala S, Photopoulos C, Di Matteo A, de Polo A, Storaci AM, Huang Y, Giunchi F, Sheridan PA, Michelotti G, Nguyen QD, Zhao X, Liu Y, Davicioni E, Spratt DE, Sabbioneda S, Maga G, Mucci LA, Ghigna C, Marchionni L, Butler LM, Ellis L, Bordeleau F, Loda M, Vaira V, Labbé DP, Zadra G. Obesogenic High-Fat Diet and MYC Cooperate to Promote Lactate Accumulation and Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling in Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res 2024; 84:1834-1855. [PMID: 38831751 PMCID: PMC11148549 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-0519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit metabolic plasticity to meet oncogene-driven dependencies while coping with nutrient availability. A better understanding of how systemic metabolism impacts the accumulation of metabolites that reprogram the tumor microenvironment (TME) and drive cancer could facilitate development of precision nutrition approaches. Using the Hi-MYC prostate cancer mouse model, we demonstrated that an obesogenic high-fat diet (HFD) rich in saturated fats accelerates the development of c-MYC-driven invasive prostate cancer through metabolic rewiring. Although c-MYC modulated key metabolic pathways, interaction with an obesogenic HFD was necessary to induce glycolysis and lactate accumulation in tumors. These metabolic changes were associated with augmented infiltration of CD206+ and PD-L1+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and FOXP3+ regulatory T cells, as well as with the activation of transcriptional programs linked to disease progression and therapy resistance. Lactate itself also stimulated neoangiogenesis and prostate cancer cell migration, which were significantly reduced following treatment with the lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor FX11. In patients with prostate cancer, high saturated fat intake and increased body mass index were associated with tumor glycolytic features that promote the infiltration of M2-like TAMs. Finally, upregulation of lactate dehydrogenase, indicative of a lactagenic phenotype, was associated with a shorter time to biochemical recurrence in independent clinical cohorts. This work identifies cooperation between genetic drivers and systemic metabolism to hijack the TME and promote prostate cancer progression through oncometabolite accumulation. This sets the stage for the assessment of lactate as a prognostic biomarker and supports strategies of dietary intervention and direct lactagenesis blockade in treating advanced prostate cancer. SIGNIFICANCE Lactate accumulation driven by high-fat diet and MYC reprograms the tumor microenvironment and promotes prostate cancer progression, supporting the potential of lactate as a biomarker and therapeutic target in prostate cancer. See related commentary by Frigo, p. 1742.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Boufaied
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Paolo Chetta
- University of Milan, Residency Program in Pathology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tarek Hallal
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Stefano Cacciatore
- Bionformatics Unit, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Daniela Lalli
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro,” Alessandria, Italy
| | - Carole Luthold
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center (Oncology Division) and Cancer Research Center, Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Kevin Homsy
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center (Oncology Division) and Cancer Research Center, Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Eddie L. Imada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Campus, New York, New York
| | - Sudeepa Syamala
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cornelia Photopoulos
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anna Di Matteo
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council (CNR-IGM), Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna de Polo
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Ying Huang
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Francesca Giunchi
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Quang-De Nguyen
- Department of Imaging, Lurie Family Imaging Center, Center for Biomedical Imaging in Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xin Zhao
- Veracyte, South San Francisco, California
| | - Yang Liu
- Veracyte, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Daniel E. Spratt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Simone Sabbioneda
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council (CNR-IGM), Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maga
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council (CNR-IGM), Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorelei A. Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Claudia Ghigna
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council (CNR-IGM), Pavia, Italy
| | - Luigi Marchionni
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Campus, New York, New York
| | - Lisa M. Butler
- South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute and Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Leigh Ellis
- Department of Surgery, Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland
| | - François Bordeleau
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center (Oncology Division) and Cancer Research Center, Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Clinical Biochemistry, and Pathology, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Campus, New York, New York
| | - Valentina Vaira
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - David P. Labbé
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Giorgia Zadra
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council (CNR-IGM), Pavia, Italy
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Poscai Ribeiro FC, Damasceno Queiroz I, Ari Fernandes Alves F, El Maerrawi Tebecherane Haddad S, Perseguino MG. The Use of Diets to Improve the Quality of Life of Women With Breast Cancer. Cureus 2024; 16:e57718. [PMID: 38711717 PMCID: PMC11073760 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There has been an increase in the incidence of breast cancer cases in the last decade, and despite the treatment increasing the chances of survival, it reduces the quality of life. In this context, diets could decrease the adverse effects of treatment and improve quality of life. METHODOLOGY A form with the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire, which contains specific scores for physical, cognitive, emotional, symptomatic, and functional performance, was made available in a Facebook support group. Afterward, the data were analyzed using linear regression and a t-test of independent samples using Jamovi version 2.3.24 (retrieved from https://www.jamovi.org). RESULTS There was a low number of participants who followed the ketogenic diet or intermittent fasting. In general, adherence to the diets was good. In the t-test, diets showed improvement in physical performance. Linear regression correlated treatment with chemotherapy, metastases, and bad diet adherence with worse symptomatic scores. CONCLUSION There is evidence that diets can improve the symptoms of these patients; however, there is no consensus about which diet produces the best effect, requiring further studies on this subject.
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de Sousa DJM, Feitosa de Oliveira KG, Pereira IC, do Nascimento GTM, Barrense CO, Martins JA, Pereira Rêgo BDM, Oliveira da Silva TE, Carneiro da Silva FC, Torres-Leal FL. Dietary restriction and hepatic cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 196:104264. [PMID: 38341120 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The effect of calorie restriction, fasting, and ketogenic diets on the treatment of liver cancer remains uncertain. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate the effect of restrictive diets on the development and progression of liver cancer in animal models. We did a meta-analysis using the Cochrane Collaboration's Review Manager software, with the random effects model and the inverse variance technique. We examined 19 studies that were conducted between 1983 and 2020. Of these, 63.2% investigated calorie restriction, 21.0% experimented with a ketogenic diet, and 15.8% investigated the effects of fasting. The intervention lasted anything from 48 h to 221 weeks. Results showed that restrictive diets may reduce tumor incidence and progression, with a significant reduction in the risk of liver cancer development. Thereby, our results suggest that putting limits on what you eat may help treat liver cancer in more ways than one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallyla Jennifer Morais de Sousa
- Metabolic Diseases Glauto Tuquarre Laboratory, Metabolic Diseases, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (DOMEN), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Kynnara Gabriella Feitosa de Oliveira
- Metabolic Diseases Glauto Tuquarre Laboratory, Metabolic Diseases, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (DOMEN), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Irislene Costa Pereira
- Metabolic Diseases Glauto Tuquarre Laboratory, Metabolic Diseases, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (DOMEN), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Glauto Tuquarre Melo do Nascimento
- Metabolic Diseases Glauto Tuquarre Laboratory, Metabolic Diseases, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (DOMEN), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Clenio Oliveira Barrense
- Metabolic Diseases Glauto Tuquarre Laboratory, Metabolic Diseases, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (DOMEN), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Jorddam Almondes Martins
- Metabolic Diseases Glauto Tuquarre Laboratory, Metabolic Diseases, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (DOMEN), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Beatriz de Mello Pereira Rêgo
- Metabolic Diseases Glauto Tuquarre Laboratory, Metabolic Diseases, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (DOMEN), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Francisco Leonardo Torres-Leal
- Metabolic Diseases Glauto Tuquarre Laboratory, Metabolic Diseases, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (DOMEN), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil.
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Brandhorst S, Levine ME, Wei M, Shelehchi M, Morgan TE, Nayak KS, Dorff T, Hong K, Crimmins EM, Cohen P, Longo VD. Fasting-mimicking diet causes hepatic and blood markers changes indicating reduced biological age and disease risk. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1309. [PMID: 38378685 PMCID: PMC10879164 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45260-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In mice, periodic cycles of a fasting mimicking diet (FMD) protect normal cells while killing damaged cells including cancer and autoimmune cells, reduce inflammation, promote multi-system regeneration, and extend longevity. Here, we performed secondary and exploratory analysis of blood samples from a randomized clinical trial (NCT02158897) and show that 3 FMD cycles in adult study participants are associated with reduced insulin resistance and other pre-diabetes markers, lower hepatic fat (as determined by magnetic resonance imaging) and increased lymphoid to myeloid ratio: an indicator of immune system age. Based on a validated measure of biological age predictive of morbidity and mortality, 3 FMD cycles were associated with a decrease of 2.5 years in median biological age, independent of weight loss. Nearly identical findings resulted from a second clinical study (NCT04150159). Together these results provide initial support for beneficial effects of the FMD on multiple cardiometabolic risk factors and biomarkers of biological age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Brandhorst
- Longevity Institute, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Morgan E Levine
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Min Wei
- Longevity Institute, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Mahshid Shelehchi
- Longevity Institute, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Todd E Morgan
- Longevity Institute, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Krishna S Nayak
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Tanya Dorff
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Kurt Hong
- Center of Clinical Nutrition and Applied Health Research, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Eileen M Crimmins
- Longevity Institute, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Center on Biodemography and Population Health, University of California Los Angeles and University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- Longevity Institute, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Valter D Longo
- Longevity Institute, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
- AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Italian Foundation for Cancer Research Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139, Milan, Italy.
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Pfefferkorn RM, Mortzfeld BM, Fink C, von Frieling J, Bossen J, Esser D, Kaleta C, Rosenstiel P, Heine H, Roeder T. Recurrent Phases of Strict Protein Limitation Inhibit Tumor Growth and Restore Lifespan in A Drosophila Intestinal Cancer Model. Aging Dis 2024; 15:226-244. [PMID: 37962464 PMCID: PMC10796089 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diets that restrict caloric or protein intake offer a variety of benefits, including decreasing the incidence of cancer. However, whether such diets pose a substantial therapeutic benefit as auxiliary cancer treatments remains unclear. We determined the effects of severe protein depletion on tumorigenesis in a Drosophila melanogaster intestinal tumor model, using a human RAF gain-of-function allele. Severe and continuous protein restriction significantly reduced tumor growth but resulted in premature death. Therefore, we developed a diet in which short periods of severe protein restriction alternated cyclically with periods of complete feeding. This nutritional regime reduced tumor mass, restored gut functionality, and rescued the lifespan of oncogene-expressing flies to the levels observed in healthy flies on a continuous, fully nutritious diet. Furthermore, this diet reduced the chemotherapy-induced stem cell activity associated with tumor recurrence. Transcriptome analysis revealed long-lasting changes in the expression of key genes involved in multiple major developmental signaling pathways. Overall, the data suggest that recurrent severe protein depletion effectively mimics the health benefits of continuous protein restriction, without undesired nutritional shortcomings. This provides seminal insights into the mechanisms of the memory effect required to maintain the positive effects of protein restriction throughout the phases of a full diet. Finally, the repetitive form of strict protein restriction is an ideal strategy for adjuvant cancer therapy that is useful in many tumor contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana M. Pfefferkorn
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Benedikt M. Mortzfeld
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Christine Fink
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Jakob von Frieling
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Judith Bossen
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Daniela Esser
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Christoph Kaleta
- Department Medical Systems Biology, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Germany.
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Germany.
| | - Holger Heine
- Division of Innate Immunity, Research Center Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany.
| | - Thomas Roeder
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
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Zhang S, Lv Y, Qian J, Wei W, Zhu Y, Liu Y, Li L, Zhao C, Gao X, Yang Y, Dong J, Gu Y, Chen Y, Sun Q, Jiao X, Lu J, Yan Z, Wang L, Yuan N, Fang Y, Wang J. Adaptive metabolic response to short-term intensive fasting. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:453-467. [PMID: 38181523 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Short-term intensive fasting (STIF), known as beego in Chinese phonetic articulation, has been practiced for more than two thousand years. However, the potential risk of STIF and the body's response to the risk have not been adequately evaluated. This study aims to address this issue, focusing on the STIF-triggered metabolic response of the liver and kidney. METHODS The STIF procedure in the clinical trial includes a 7-day water-only intensive fasting phase and a 7-day gradual refeeding phase followed by a regular diet. The intensive fasting in humans was assisted with psychological induction. To gain insights not available in the clinical trial, we designed a STIF program for mice that resulted in similar phenotypes seen in humans. Plasma metabolic profiling and examination of gene expression as well as liver and kidney function were performed by omics, molecular, biochemical and flow cytometric analyses. A human cell line model was also used for mechanistic study. RESULTS Clinically significant metabolites of fat and protein were found to accumulate during the fasting phase, but they were relieved after gradual refeeding. Metabolomics profiling revealed a universal pattern in the consumption of metabolic intermediates, in which pyruvate and succinate are the two key metabolites during STIF. In the STIF mouse model, the accumulation of metabolites was mostly counteracted by the upregulation of catabolic enzymes in the liver, which was validated in a human cell model. Kidney filtration function was partially affected by STIF but could be recovered by refeeding. STIF also reduced oxidative and inflammatory levels in the liver and kidney. Moreover, STIF improved lipid metabolism in mice with fatty liver without causing accumulation of metabolites after STIF. CONCLUSIONS The accumulation of metabolites induced by STIF can be relieved by spontaneous upregulation of catabolic enzymes, suggesting an adaptive and protective metabolic response to STIF stress in the mammalian body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suping Zhang
- Research Center for Blood Engineering and Manufacturing, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Yaqi Lv
- Research Center for Blood Engineering and Manufacturing, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiawei Qian
- Research Center for Blood Engineering and Manufacturing, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wen Wei
- Research Center for Blood Engineering and Manufacturing, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Susky Life SciTech (Suzhou) Inc., Suzhou 215101, China
| | - Yanfei Zhu
- Research Center for Blood Engineering and Manufacturing, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Research Center for Blood Engineering and Manufacturing, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lei Li
- Research Center for Blood Engineering and Manufacturing, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Susky Life SciTech (Suzhou) Inc., Suzhou 215101, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Research Center for Blood Engineering and Manufacturing, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Susky Life SciTech (Suzhou) Inc., Suzhou 215101, China
| | - Xueqin Gao
- Research Center for Blood Engineering and Manufacturing, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yanjun Yang
- Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou 215200, China
| | - Jin Dong
- Research Center for Blood Engineering and Manufacturing, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yue Gu
- Research Center for Blood Engineering and Manufacturing, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yuwei Chen
- Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou 215200, China
| | - Qiyuan Sun
- Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou 215200, China
| | - Xuehua Jiao
- Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou 215200, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou 215200, China
| | - Zhanjun Yan
- Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou 215200, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Na Yuan
- Research Center for Blood Engineering and Manufacturing, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Susky Life SciTech (Suzhou) Inc., Suzhou 215101, China.
| | - Yixuan Fang
- Research Center for Blood Engineering and Manufacturing, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Susky Life SciTech (Suzhou) Inc., Suzhou 215101, China.
| | - Jianrong Wang
- Research Center for Blood Engineering and Manufacturing, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Susky Life SciTech (Suzhou) Inc., Suzhou 215101, China; Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou 215200, China.
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7
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Xiao B, Jiang Y, Yuan S, Cai L, Xu T, Jia L. Silibinin, a potential fasting mimetic, inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma by triggering extrinsic apoptosis. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e457. [PMID: 38222315 PMCID: PMC10784426 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Fasting, without inducing malnutrition, has been shown to have various beneficial effects, including the inhibition of tumor initiation and progression. However, prolonged fasting poses challenges for many cancer patients, particularly those in intermediate and terminal stages. Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of fasting mimetics which harness the protective effects of fasting but more suitable for patients. In this study, we first highlighted the pivotal role of silibinin in AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway and may serve, as a potential fasting mimetic via screening hepatoprotective drugs. Further metabolic analysis showed that silibinin inhibited the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, glucose uptake and diminished glycolysis process, which further confirmed that silibinin served as a fasting mimetic. In addition, fasting synergized with silibinin, or used independently, to suppress the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vivo. Mechanistically, silibinin upregulated death receptor 5 (DR5) through AMPK activation, and thus promoting extrinsic apoptosis and inhibiting HCC growth both in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of AMPK using small interfering RNA (siRNA) or compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, significantly attenuated the upregulation of DR5 and the apoptotic response induced by silibinin. These findings suggest that silibinin holds promise as a fasting mimetic and may serve as an adjuvant drug for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biying Xiao
- Cancer InstituteLonghua HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yanyu Jiang
- Cancer InstituteLonghua HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Shuying Yuan
- Cancer InstituteLonghua HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Lili Cai
- Cancer InstituteLonghua HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Tong Xu
- Departmnent of OncologyAffiliated Hospital of Jiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Lijun Jia
- Cancer InstituteLonghua HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
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8
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Han SJ, Stacy A, Corral D, Link VM, De Siqueira MK, Chi L, Teijeiro A, Yong DS, Perez-Chaparro PJ, Bouladoux N, Lim AI, Enamorado M, Belkaid Y, Collins N. Microbiota configuration determines nutritional immune optimization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2304905120. [PMID: 38011570 PMCID: PMC10710091 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304905120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild or transient dietary restriction (DR) improves many aspects of health and aging. Emerging evidence from us and others has demonstrated that DR also optimizes the development and quality of immune responses. However, the factors and mechanisms involved remain to be elucidated. Here, we propose that DR-induced optimization of immunological memory requires a complex cascade of events involving memory T cells, the intestinal microbiota, and myeloid cells. Our findings suggest that DR enhances the ability of memory T cells to recruit and activate myeloid cells in the context of a secondary infection. Concomitantly, DR promotes the expansion of commensal Bifidobacteria within the large intestine, which produce the short-chain fatty acid acetate. Acetate conditioning of the myeloid compartment during DR enhances the capacity of these cells to kill pathogens. Enhanced host protection during DR is compromised when Bifidobacteria expansion is prevented, indicating that microbiota configuration and function play an important role in determining immune responsiveness to this dietary intervention. Altogether, our study supports the idea that DR induces both memory T cells and the gut microbiota to produce distinct factors that converge on myeloid cells to promote optimal pathogen control. These findings suggest that nutritional cues can promote adaptation and co-operation between multiple immune cells and the gut microbiota, which synergize to optimize immunity and protect the collective metaorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Ji Han
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and the Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Apollo Stacy
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and the Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Dan Corral
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and the Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Verena M. Link
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and the Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | | | - Liang Chi
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and the Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Ana Teijeiro
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and the Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Daniel S. Yong
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and the Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - P. Juliana Perez-Chaparro
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and the Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Nicolas Bouladoux
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and the Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Ai Ing Lim
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and the Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Michel Enamorado
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and the Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Yasmine Belkaid
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and the Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Nicholas Collins
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and the Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
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9
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Li B, Chen Q, Feng Y, Wei T, Zhong Y, Zhang Y, Feng Q. Glucose restriction induces AMPK-SIRT1-mediated circadian clock gene Per expression and delays NSCLC progression. Cancer Lett 2023; 576:216424. [PMID: 37778683 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The rhythmic expression of the circadian clock is intimately linked to the health status of the body. Disturbed circadian clock rhythms might lead to a wide range of metabolic diseases and even cancers. Our previous study showed that glucose restriction was able to inhibit non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In the current study, we found that glucose restriction enhanced apoptosis and cell growth delay in NSCLC cells. In addition, we used GEPIA database analysis to derive different effects of each circadian clock gene on lung cancer tissue. Among these circadian clock genes, Per (Period) is lowly expressed in cancer tissues and highly expressed in normal tissues. Moreover, the higher expression of Per in cancer patients has a better prognostic significance. Furthermore, we revealed that glucose restriction induced the expression of the circadian clock gene Per in NSCLC cells by upregulating SIRT1 (Sirtuin1) via activation of the energy response factor AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase). Changes in Per expression following upregulation or downregulation of AMPK were consistent with AMPK expression. Additionally, a low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet significantly delayed tumor progression in a xenograft tumor model of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. Meanwhile, the ketogenic diet increased the expression of AMPK, SIRT1 and Per in vivo. Besides, the ketogenic diet was found to restore the normal rhythmic level of Per by Zeitgeber Time (ZT) experiments. Taken these together, these results indicated a novel mechanism that glucose restriction induces AMPK-SIRT1 mediated circadian clock gene Per expression and delays NSCLC progression, which provided more evidence for glucose restriction as an adjuvant clinical therapeutic strategy in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianfeng Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yucong Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Wei
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxia Zhong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuandie Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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10
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Mitchell SE, Togo J, Green CL, Derous D, Hambly C, Speakman JR. The Effects of Graded Levels of Calorie Restriction: XX. Impact of Long-Term Graded Calorie Restriction on Survival and Body Mass Dynamics in Male C57BL/6J Mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:1953-1963. [PMID: 37354128 PMCID: PMC10613020 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) typically promotes a reduction in body mass, which correlates with increased lifespan. We evaluated the overall changes in survival, body mass dynamics, and body composition following long-term graded CR (580 days/19 months) in male C57BL/6J mice. Control mice (0% restriction) were fed ad libitum in the dark phase only (12-hour ad libitum [12AL]). CR groups were restricted by 10%-40% of their baseline food intake (10CR, 20CR, 30CR, and 40CR). Body mass was recorded daily, and body composition was measured at 8 time points. At 728 days/24 months, all surviving mice were culled. A gradation in survival rate over the CR groups was found. The pattern of body mass loss differed over the graded CR groups. Whereas the lower CR groups rapidly resumed an energy balance with no significant loss of fat or fat-free mass, changes in the 30 and 40CR groups were attributed to higher fat-free mass loss and protection of fat mass. Day-to-day changes in body mass were less variable under CR than for the 12AL group. There was no indication that body mass was influenced by external factors. Partial autocorrelation analysis examined the relationship between daily changes in body masses. A negative correlation between mass on Day 0 and Day +1 declined with age in the 12AL but not the CR groups. A reduction in the correlation with age suggested body mass homeostasis is a marker of aging that declines at the end of life and is protected by CR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacques Togo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Cara L Green
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Davina Derous
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Catherine Hambly
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - John R Speakman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
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11
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Shang Y, Morioka T, Daino K, Nakayama T, Nishimura M, Kakinuma S. Ionizing radiation promotes, whereas calorie restriction suppresses, NASH and hepatocellular carcinoma in mice. Int J Cancer 2023; 153:1529-1542. [PMID: 37458118 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The pathological conditions of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are the major risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Exposure to DNA-damaging agents such as ionizing radiation is another risk factor for HCC; calorie restriction (CR), however, effectively delays the onset of radiation-induced HCC. We investigated whether NASH is relevant to radiation-induced HCC and the cancer-preventing effect of CR. Eight-day-old male B6C3F1 mice were irradiated with 3.8 Gy of X-rays and then fed a standard diet or 30% CR diet from 49 days of age until necropsy, which was performed from 56 to 600 days with ~100-day intervals to assess both pathological changes and gene expression levels. We found that early-life exposure to radiation accelerated lipid accumulation and NASH-like histopathological changes in the liver, accompanied by accelerated development of HCC. CR ameliorated the changes in lipid metabolism in the liver and reversed the NASH-like pathology, which effectively delayed HCC development. Gene-expression profiling revealed the radiation-related activation and CR-related suppression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma/Cd36 pathway of transmembrane fatty-acid translocation before development of the NASH-like state. Thus, early-life exposure to radiation affects lipid metabolism and induces a steatoinflammatory microenvironment that favors HCC development. Therefore, targeting this pathway by CR (or measures that mimic CR) may be a promising strategy for preventing HCC caused by either radiation or other DNA-damaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shang
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Morioka
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Daino
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Takafumi Nakayama
- Department of Tumor and Diagnostic Pathology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mayumi Nishimura
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kakinuma
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
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12
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Dung NT, Susukida T, Ucche S, He K, Sasaki SI, Hayashi R, Hayakawa Y. Calorie Restriction Impairs Anti-Tumor Immune Responses in an Immunogenic Preclinical Cancer Model. Nutrients 2023; 15:3638. [PMID: 37630828 PMCID: PMC10458233 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Although the important role of dietary energy intake in regulating both cancer progression and host immunity has been widely recognized, it remains unclear whether dietary calorie restriction (CR) has any impact on anti-tumor immune responses. (2) Methods: Using an immunogenic B16 melanoma cell expressing ovalbumin (B16-OVA), we examined the effect of the CR diet on B16-OVA tumor growth and host immune responses. To further test whether the CR diet affects the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy, we examined the effect of CR against anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody (anti-PD-1 Ab) treatment. (3) Results: The CR diet significantly slowed down the tumor growth of B16-OVA without affecting both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration into the tumor. Although in vivo depletion of CD8+ T cells facilitated B16-OVA tumor growth in the control diet group, there was no significant change in the tumor growth in the CR diet group with or without CD8+ T cell-depletion. Anti-PD-1 Ab treatment lost its efficacy to suppress tumor growth along with the activation and metabolic shift of CD8+ T cells under CR condition. (4) Conclusions: Our present results suggest that a physical condition restricted in energy intake in cancer patients may impair CD8+ T cell immune surveillance and the efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Tien Dung
- Department of Medical Oncology, Toyama University Hospital, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (N.T.D.); (R.H.)
- Section of Host Defences, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (T.S.); (S.U.); (K.H.); (S.-i.S.)
| | - Takeshi Susukida
- Section of Host Defences, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (T.S.); (S.U.); (K.H.); (S.-i.S.)
| | - Sisca Ucche
- Section of Host Defences, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (T.S.); (S.U.); (K.H.); (S.-i.S.)
| | - Ka He
- Section of Host Defences, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (T.S.); (S.U.); (K.H.); (S.-i.S.)
| | - So-ichiro Sasaki
- Section of Host Defences, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (T.S.); (S.U.); (K.H.); (S.-i.S.)
| | - Ryuji Hayashi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Toyama University Hospital, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (N.T.D.); (R.H.)
| | - Yoshihiro Hayakawa
- Section of Host Defences, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (T.S.); (S.U.); (K.H.); (S.-i.S.)
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13
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Herz D, Haupt S, Zimmer RT, Wachsmuth NB, Schierbauer J, Zimmermann P, Voit T, Thurm U, Khoramipour K, Rilstone S, Moser O. Efficacy of Fasting in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3525. [PMID: 37630716 PMCID: PMC10459496 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, studies suggested that dietary behavior modification, including fasting, can improve metabolic and cardiovascular markers as well as body composition. Given the increasing prevalence of people with type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the increasing obesity (also in combination with diabetes), nutritional therapies are gaining importance, besides pharmaceutical interventions. Fasting has demonstrated beneficial effects for both healthy individuals and those with metabolic diseases, leading to increased research interest in its impact on glycemia and associated short- and long-term complications. Therefore, this review aimed to investigate whether fasting can be used safely and effectively in addition to medications to support the therapy in T1DM and T2DM. A literature search on fasting and its interaction with diabetes was conducted via PubMed in September 2022. Fasting has the potential to minimize the risk of hypoglycemia in T1DM, lower glycaemic variability, and improve fat metabolism in T1DM and T2DM. It also increases insulin sensitivity, reduces endogenous glucose production in diabetes, lowers body weight, and improves body composition. To conclude, fasting is efficient for therapy management for both people with T1DM and T2DM and can be safely performed, when necessary, with the support of health care professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Herz
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (N.B.W.); (J.S.); (P.Z.); (T.V.); (U.T.); (S.R.)
| | - Sandra Haupt
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (N.B.W.); (J.S.); (P.Z.); (T.V.); (U.T.); (S.R.)
| | - Rebecca Tanja Zimmer
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (N.B.W.); (J.S.); (P.Z.); (T.V.); (U.T.); (S.R.)
| | - Nadine Bianca Wachsmuth
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (N.B.W.); (J.S.); (P.Z.); (T.V.); (U.T.); (S.R.)
| | - Janis Schierbauer
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (N.B.W.); (J.S.); (P.Z.); (T.V.); (U.T.); (S.R.)
| | - Paul Zimmermann
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (N.B.W.); (J.S.); (P.Z.); (T.V.); (U.T.); (S.R.)
- Department of Cardiology, Klinikum Bamberg, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center of Sportsmedicine Bamberg, Klinikum Bamberg, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Voit
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (N.B.W.); (J.S.); (P.Z.); (T.V.); (U.T.); (S.R.)
| | - Ulrike Thurm
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (N.B.W.); (J.S.); (P.Z.); (T.V.); (U.T.); (S.R.)
| | - Kayvan Khoramipour
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Blvd. 22 Bahman, Kerman 7616914115, Iran;
| | - Sian Rilstone
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (N.B.W.); (J.S.); (P.Z.); (T.V.); (U.T.); (S.R.)
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Othmar Moser
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (N.B.W.); (J.S.); (P.Z.); (T.V.); (U.T.); (S.R.)
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
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14
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Seminog O, Thakrar DB, James AC, Goldacre MJ. Low risk of some common cancers in women with anorexia nervosa: Evidence from a national record-linkage study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2023; 148:71-80. [PMID: 37194197 PMCID: PMC10953461 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies report that women with anorexia nervosa (AN) have lower risk than others of breast cancer, but increased risk of cancers of other sites. No work has been done to quantify the risk in the English population. METHODS Retrospective cohort study using a national linked dataset of Hospital Episode Statistics for 1999-2021. We selected individuals with a hospital admission for AN, and compared their relative risk (RR) of developing site-specific cancers, with that in a reference cohort. RESULTS We identified 75 cancers in 15,029 women hospitalised with AN. There was a low RR of all cancers combined at 0.75 (95%CI 0.59-0.94), and, notably, low RR for breast cancer 0.43 (0.20-0.81), cancers of secondary and ill-defined sites 0.52 (0.26-0.93). The RR for parotid gland cancer was 4.4 (1.4-10.6) within a year of first recorded diagnosis of AN. In men, we found 12 cancers in 1413 individuals hospitalised with AN, but no increased risks beyond the first year of diagnosis of AN. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report on the association between AN and cancers in the all-England population. The study showed low rates of breast cancer, and of all cancers combined, in women hospitalised with AN. It is possible that some of the metabolic or hormonal changes observed in AN could work as a protective factor for breast cancer. More experimental work is needed to identify and explain these factors. The new finding on the higher risk of salivary gland tumours could inform clinicians caring for patients with AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Seminog
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Dixa B. Thakrar
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Michael J. Goldacre
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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15
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Farhan M. Insights on the Role of Polyphenols in Combating Cancer Drug Resistance. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1709. [PMID: 37371804 PMCID: PMC10296548 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance is still a serious problem in the treatment of most cancers. Many cellular and molecular mechanisms contribute to both inherent and acquired drug resistance. They include the use of unaffected growth-signaling pathways, changes in the tumor microenvironment, and the active transport of medicines out of the cell. The antioxidant capacity of polyphenols and their potential to inhibit the activation of procarcinogens, cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis, as well as to promote the inhibition or downregulation of active drug efflux transporters, have been linked to a reduced risk of cancer in epidemiological studies. Polyphenols also have the ability to alter immunological responses and inflammatory cascades, as well as trigger apoptosis in cancer cells. The discovery of the relationship between abnormal growth signaling and metabolic dysfunction in cancer cells highlights the importance of further investigating the effects of dietary polyphenols, including their ability to boost the efficacy of chemotherapy and avoid multidrug resistance (MDR). Here, it is summarized what is known regarding the effectiveness of natural polyphenolic compounds in counteracting the resistance that might develop to cancer drugs as a result of a variety of different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Farhan
- Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year Deanship, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Arora N, Pulimamidi S, Yadav H, Jain S, Glover J, Dombrowski K, Hernandez B, Sarma AK, Aneja R. Intermittent fasting with ketogenic diet: A combination approach for management of chronic diseases. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 54:166-174. [PMID: 36963859 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Intermittent Fasting (IF) is the consumption of food and drinks within a defined time, while the ketogenic diet (KD) switches the metabolism from glucose to fats. Continuation of intermittent fasting leads to the generation of ketones, the exact mechanism for a ketogenic diet. This article discusses the types of IF and KD, the monitoring required, and the mechanisms underlying IF and KD, followed by disorders in which the combination strategy could be applied. The strategies for successfully applying combination therapy are included, along with recommendations for the primary care physicians (PCP) which could serve as a handy guide for patient management. This opinion article could serve as the baseline for future clinical studies since there is an utmost need for developing new wholesome strategies for managing chronic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Arora
- Department of Neurology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.
| | - Shruthi Pulimamidi
- Department of Neurology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Hariom Yadav
- USF Center for Microbiome Research, Microbiomes Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Shalini Jain
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jennifer Glover
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Keith Dombrowski
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Beverly Hernandez
- Clinical Nutrition Services, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Anand Karthik Sarma
- Department of Neurology, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Rachna Aneja
- Department of Neurology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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17
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Divella R, Marino G, Infusino S, Lanotte L, Gadaleta-Caldarola G, Gadaleta-Caldarola G. The Mediterranean Lifestyle to Contrast Low-Grade Inflammation Behavior in Cancer. Nutrients 2023; 15:1667. [PMID: 37049508 PMCID: PMC10096668 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A healthy diet and an active lifestyle are both effective ways to prevent, manage, and treat many diseases, including cancer. A healthy, well-balanced diet not only ensures that the body gets the right amount of nutrients to meet its needs, but it also lets the body get substances that protect against and/or prevent certain diseases. It is now clear that obesity is linked to long-term diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. The main reasons for people being overweight or obese are having bad eating habits and not moving around enough. Maintaining weight in the normal range may be one of the best things to avoid cancer. It has been scientifically proven that those who perform regular physical activity are less likely to develop cancer than those who lead a sedentary lifestyle. Moving regularly not only helps to maintain a normal body weight, avoiding the effects that favor tumor growth in overweight subjects, but also makes the immune system more resistant by counteracting the growth of tumor cells. Physical activity also helps prevent cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. In this review, it is highlighted that the association between the Mediterranean diet and physical activity triggers biological mechanisms capable of counteracting the low-grade chronic inflammation found in patients with cancer. This assumes that healthy lifestyles associated with cancer therapies can improve the expectations and quality of life of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Divella
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Oncologia, Ospedale “Mons. A. R. Dimiccoli”, Asl BT, Viale Ippocrate 15, 76121 Barletta, Italy
| | - Graziella Marino
- Department of Breast Unit—Centro d Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, IRCCS-CROB, Via Padre Pio 1, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Stefania Infusino
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Oncologia, Ospedale “SS Annunziata”, Via Felice Migliori 1, 87100 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Laura Lanotte
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Oncologia, Ospedale “Mons. A. R. Dimiccoli”, Asl BT, Viale Ippocrate 15, 76121 Barletta, Italy
| | - Gaia Gadaleta-Caldarola
- Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari, Università di Parma, Via Delle Scienze 59/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Gennaro Gadaleta-Caldarola
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Oncologia, Ospedale “Mons. A. R. Dimiccoli”, Asl BT, Viale Ippocrate 15, 76121 Barletta, Italy
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Genetic scores for predicting longevity in the Croatian oldest-old population. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279971. [PMID: 36735720 PMCID: PMC9897585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Longevity is a hallmark of successful ageing and a complex trait with a significant genetic component. In this study, 43 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were chosen from the literature and genotyped in a Croatian oldest-old sample (85+ years, sample size (N) = 314), in order to determine whether any of these SNPs have a significant effect on reaching the age thresholds for longevity (90+ years, N = 212) and extreme longevity (95+ years, N = 84). The best models were selected for both survival ages using multivariate logistic regression. In the model for reaching age 90, nine SNPs explained 20% of variance for survival to that age, while the 95-year model included five SNPs accounting for 9.3% of variance. The two SNPs that showed the most significant association (p ≤ 0.01) with longevity were TERC rs16847897 and GHRHR rs2267723. Unweighted and weighted Genetic Longevity Scores (uGLS and wGLS) were calculated and their predictive power was tested. All four scores showed significant correlation with age at death (p ≤ 0.01). They also passed the ROC curve test with at least 50% predictive ability, but wGLS90 stood out as the most accurate score, with a 69% chance of accurately predicting survival to the age of 90.
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19
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Giugliano F, Boldrini L, Uliano J, Crimini E, Minchella I, Curigliano G. Fast Mimicking Diets and Other Innovative Nutritional Interventions to Treat Patients with Breast Cancer. Cancer Treat Res 2023; 188:199-218. [PMID: 38175347 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-33602-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The impact of nutritional patterns on the risk of breast cancer (BC) is well investigated in the oncology literature, including the type of diets and caloric intake. While obesity and elevated body mass index are well-reported critical risk factors of BC occurrence, there is an expanding area of oncology assessing the impact of caloric intake and nutritional patterns in patients with cancer. Caloric restriction and fast mimicking alimentary regimens have been consistently reported to improve survival outcomes based on preclinical models. Moreover, emerging clinical evidence has paved the way for new metabolic approaches for the treatment of BC, in addition to the established therapeutic arsenal or as alternative options. In this chapter, our aim is to discuss the principal strategies of metabolic manipulation through nutritional interventions for patients with BC as an innovative area of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Giugliano
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology (DIPO), University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Boldrini
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology (DIPO), University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo Uliano
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology (DIPO), University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Crimini
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology (DIPO), University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Ida Minchella
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology (DIPO), University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy.
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20
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Buono R, Alhaddad M, Fruman DA. Novel pharmacological and dietary approaches to target mTOR in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1162694. [PMID: 37124486 PMCID: PMC10140551 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1162694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
High-risk subtypes of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) are frequently associated with aberrant activation of tyrosine kinases (TKs). These include Ph+ B-ALL driven by BCR-ABL, and Ph-like B-ALL that carries other chromosomal rearrangements and/or gene mutations that activate TK signaling. Currently, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) dasatinib is added to chemotherapy as standard of care in Ph+ B-ALL, and TKIs are being tested in clinical trials for Ph-like B-ALL. However, growth factors and nutrients in the leukemia microenvironment can support cell cycle and survival even in cells treated with TKIs targeting the driving oncogene. These stimuli converge on the kinase mTOR, whose elevated activity is associated with poor prognosis. In preclinical models of Ph+ and Ph-like B-ALL, mTOR inhibitors strongly enhance the anti-leukemic efficacy of TKIs. Despite this strong conceptual basis for targeting mTOR in B-ALL, the first two generations of mTOR inhibitors tested clinically (rapalogs and mTOR kinase inhibitors) have not demonstrated a clear therapeutic window. The aim of this review is to introduce new therapeutic strategies to the management of Ph-like B-ALL. We discuss novel approaches to targeting mTOR in B-ALL with potential to overcome the limitations of previous mTOR inhibitor classes. One approach is to apply third-generation bi-steric inhibitors that are selective for mTOR complex-1 (mTORC1) and show preclinical efficacy with intermittent dosing. A distinct, non-pharmacological approach is to use nutrient restriction to target signaling and metabolic dependencies in malignant B-ALL cells. These two new approaches could potentiate TKI efficacy in Ph-like leukemia and improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Buono
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: David A. Fruman, ; Roberta Buono,
| | - Muneera Alhaddad
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Hematology/Oncology Fellowship Program, CHOC Children's Hospital, Orange, CA, United States
| | - David A. Fruman
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: David A. Fruman, ; Roberta Buono,
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21
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Nutrition Strategies Promoting Healthy Aging: From Improvement of Cardiovascular and Brain Health to Prevention of Age-Associated Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010047. [PMID: 36615705 PMCID: PMC9824801 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of studies suggest that diet plays an important role in regulating aging processes and modulates the development of the most important age-related diseases. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the relationship between nutrition and critical age-associated diseases. METHODS A literature review was conducted to survey recent pre-clinical and clinical findings related to the role of nutritional factors in modulation of fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms of aging and their role in prevention of the genesis of the diseases of aging. RESULTS Studies show that the development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cognitive impairment and dementia can be slowed down or prevented by certain diets with anti-aging action. The protective effects of diets, at least in part, may be mediated by their beneficial macro- (protein, fat, carbohydrate) and micronutrient (vitamins, minerals) composition. CONCLUSIONS Certain diets, such as the Mediterranean diet, may play a significant role in healthy aging by preventing the onset of certain diseases and by improving the aging process itself. This latter can be strengthened by incorporating fasting elements into the diet. As dietary recommendations change with age, this should be taken into consideration as well, when developing a diet tailored to the needs of elderly individuals. Future and ongoing clinical studies on complex anti-aging dietary interventions translating the results of preclinical investigations are expected to lead to novel nutritional guidelines for older adults in the near future.
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22
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Calorie Restriction Provides Kidney Ischemic Tolerance in Senescence-Accelerated OXYS Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315224. [PMID: 36499550 PMCID: PMC9735762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney diseases belong to a group of pathologies, which are most common among elderly people. With age, even outwardly healthy organisms start to exhibit some age-related changes in the renal tissue, which reduce the filtration function of kidneys and increase the susceptibility to injury. The therapy of acute kidney injury (AKI) is aggravated by the absence of targeted pharmacotherapies thus yielding high mortality of patients with AKI. In this study, we analyzed the protective effects of calorie restriction (CR) against ischemic AKI in senescence-accelerated OXYS rats. We observed that CR afforded OXYS rats with significant nephroprotection. To uncover molecular mechanisms of CR beneficial effects, we assessed the levels of anti- and proapoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family, COX IV, GAPDH, and mitochondrial deacetylase SIRT-3, as well as alterations in total protein acetylation and carbonylation, mitochondrial dynamics (OPA1, Fis1, Drp1) and kidney regeneration pathways (PCNA, GDF11). The activation of autophagy and mitophagy was analyzed by LC3 II/LC3 I ratio, beclin-1, PINK-1, and total mitochondrial protein ubiquitination. Among all considered protective pathways, the improvement of mitochondrial functioning may be suggested as one of the possible mechanisms for beneficial effects of CR.
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23
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Mercier BD, Tizpa E, Philip EJ, Feng Q, Huang Z, Thomas RM, Pal SK, Dorff TB, Li YR. Dietary Interventions in Cancer Treatment and Response: A Comprehensive Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205149. [PMID: 36291933 PMCID: PMC9600754 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are essential components to the management of most solid malignancies. These modalities exert their effects primarily by mediating the DNA damage of malignant cells; however, healthy cells are also damaged by the same mechanisms and can incur acute and late side effects resulting in both morbidity and mortality. Dietary interventions have been shown to reduce cancer growth, progression, and metastasis in many different solid tumor models and they show promise for improving cancer outcomes in early phase clinical studies. Here, we review preclinical and clinical studies that examine how dietary interventions can impact cancer treatment toxicity and efficacy in patients who were undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. This information can help clinicians tailor the dietary regimens to patients based on their treatment methods and promote larger clinical trials to test the dietary effects on cancer treatment safety and efficacy. Abstract Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are first-line treatments in the management of advanced solid tumors. Whereas these treatments are directed at eliminating cancer cells, they cause significant adverse effects that can be detrimental to a patient’s quality of life and even life-threatening. Diet is a modifiable risk factor that has been shown to affect cancer risk, recurrence, and treatment toxicity, but little information is known how diet interacts with cancer treatment modalities. Although dietary interventions, such as intermittent fasting and ketogenic diets, have shown promise in pre-clinical studies by reducing the toxicity and increasing the efficacy of chemotherapeutics, there remains a limited number of clinical studies in this space. This review surveys the impact of dietary interventions (caloric restriction, intermittent and short-term fasting, and ketogenic diet) on cancer treatment outcomes in both pre-clinical and clinical studies. Early studies support a complementary role for these dietary interventions in improving patient quality of life across multiple cancer types by reducing toxicity and perhaps a benefit in treatment efficacy. Larger, phase III, randomized clinical trials are ultimately necessary to evaluate the efficacy of these dietary interventions in improving oncologic or quality of life outcomes for patients that are undergoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. Mercier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Eemon Tizpa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Errol J. Philip
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Qianhua Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ziyi Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Reeny M. Thomas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sumanta K. Pal
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Tanya B. Dorff
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yun R. Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Division of Quantitative Medicine & Systems Biology, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N. Fifth Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Correspondence:
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24
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Amiama-Roig A, Verdugo-Sivianes EM, Carnero A, Blanco JR. Chronotherapy: Circadian Rhythms and Their Influence in Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5071. [PMID: 36291855 PMCID: PMC9599830 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Living organisms present rhythmic fluctuations every 24 h in their behavior and metabolism to anticipate changes in the environment. These fluctuations are controlled by a very complex molecular mechanism, the circadian clock, that regulates the expression of multiple genes to ensure the right functioning of the body. An individual's circadian system is altered during aging, and this is related to numerous age-associated pathologies and other alterations that could contribute to the development of cancer. Nowadays, there is an increasing interest in understanding how circadian rhythms could be used in the treatment of cancer. Chronotherapy aims to understand the impact that biological rhythms have on the response to a therapy to optimize its action, maximize health benefits and minimize possible adverse effects. Clinical trials so far have confirmed that optimal timing of treatment with chemo or immunotherapies could decrease drug toxicity and increase efficacy. Instead, chronoradiotherapy seems to minimize treatment-related symptoms rather than tumor progression or patient survival. In addition, potential therapeutic targets within the molecular clock have also been identified. Therefore, results of the application of chronotherapy in cancer therapy until now are challenging, feasible, and could be applied to clinical practice to improve cancer treatment without additional costs. However, different limitations and variables such as age, sex, or chronotypes, among others, should be overcome before chronotherapy can really be put into clinical practice.
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Grants
- RTI2018-097455-B-I00 Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCIU) Plan Estatal de I+D+I 2018, a la Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) y al Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE):
- RED2018-102723-T Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCIU) Plan Estatal de I+D+I 2018, a la Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) y al Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE):
- CB16/12/00275 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer
- PI-0397-2017 Consejería de Salud y Familias
- P18-RT-2501 Consejería de Transformacion Economica, Industria, Conocimiento, y Universidades of the Junta de Andalucía
- No. CTEICU/PAIDI 2020 Consejería de Transformacion Economica, Industria, Conocimiento, y Universidades of the Junta de Andalucía
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Amiama-Roig
- Hospital Universitario San Pedro, 26006 Logroño, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Eva M. Verdugo-Sivianes
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 41013 Seville, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 41013 Seville, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José-Ramón Blanco
- Hospital Universitario San Pedro, 26006 Logroño, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
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25
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Pomatto-Watson LCD, Bodogai M, Carpenter M, Chowdhury D, Krishna P, Ng S, Bosompra O, Kato J, Wong S, Reyes-Sepulveda C, Bernier M, Price NL, Biragyn A, de Cabo R. Replenishment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) overrides CR-mediated protection against tumor growth in a murine model of triple-negative breast cancer. GeroScience 2022; 44:2471-2490. [PMID: 35996062 PMCID: PMC9768076 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00635-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) is the leading non-pharmacological intervention to delay induced and spontaneous tumors in pre-clinical models. These effects of CR are largely attributed to canonical inhibition of pro-growth pathways. However, our recent data suggest that CR impairs primary tumor growth and cancer progression in the murine 4T1 model of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), at least in part, through reduced frequency of the myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). In the present study, we sought to determine whether injection of excess MDSCs could block regression in 4T1 tumor growth and metastatic spread in BALB/cJ female mice undergoing daily CR. Our findings show that MDSC injection impeded CR-mediated protection against tumor growth without increasing lung metastatic burden. Overall, these results reveal that CR can slow cancer progression by affecting immune suppressive cells.Impact statement: Inoculation of MDSCs from donor mice effectively impedes the ability of calorie restriction to protect against primary tumor growth without impacting lung metastatic burden in recipient animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. D. Pomatto-Watson
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Monica Bodogai
- Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Melissa Carpenter
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Dolly Chowdhury
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Priya Krishna
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Sandy Ng
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Oye Bosompra
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Jonathan Kato
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Sarah Wong
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Carlos Reyes-Sepulveda
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Michel Bernier
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Nathan L. Price
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Arya Biragyn
- Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
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26
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Isaac-Lam MF, DeMichael KM. Calorie restriction and breast cancer treatment: a mini-review. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:1095-1109. [PMID: 35760911 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02226-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR), referred to as a reduction in dietary calorie intake without malnutrition, has been demonstrated to be a safe way to extend longevity of yeast, worms, and laboratory animals, and to decrease the risk factors in age-related diseases including cancer in humans. Pre-clinical studies in animal models demonstrated that CR may enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy during breast cancer treatment. Reduced calorie intake ameliorates risk factors and delays the onset of cancer by altering metabolism and fostering health-enhancing characteristics including increased autophagy and insulin sensitivity, and decreased blood glucose levels, inflammation, angiogenesis, and growth factor signaling. CR is not a common protocol implemented by medical practitioners to the general public due to the lack of substantial clinical studies. Future research and clinical trials are urgently needed to understand fully the biochemical basis of CR or CR mimetics to support its benefits. Here, we present a mini-review of research studies integrating CR as an adjuvant to chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or immunotherapy during breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meden F Isaac-Lam
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Purdue University Northwest, Westville, IN, 46391, USA.
| | - Kelly M DeMichael
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Purdue University Northwest, Westville, IN, 46391, USA
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27
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Marx C, Sonnemann J, Maddocks ODK, Marx-Blümel L, Beyer M, Hoelzer D, Thierbach R, Maletzki C, Linnebacher M, Heinzel T, Krämer OH. Global metabolic alterations in colorectal cancer cells during irinotecan-induced DNA replication stress. Cancer Metab 2022; 10:10. [PMID: 35787728 PMCID: PMC9251592 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-022-00286-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic adaptations can allow cancer cells to survive DNA-damaging chemotherapy. This unmet clinical challenge is a potential vulnerability of cancer. Accordingly, there is an intense search for mechanisms that modulate cell metabolism during anti-tumor therapy. We set out to define how colorectal cancer CRC cells alter their metabolism upon DNA replication stress and whether this provides opportunities to eliminate such cells more efficiently. METHODS We incubated p53-positive and p53-negative permanent CRC cells and short-term cultured primary CRC cells with the topoisomerase-1 inhibitor irinotecan and other drugs that cause DNA replication stress and consequently DNA damage. We analyzed pro-apoptotic mitochondrial membrane depolarization and cell death with flow cytometry. We evaluated cellular metabolism with immunoblotting of electron transport chain (ETC) complex subunits, analysis of mitochondrial mRNA expression by qPCR, MTT assay, measurements of oxygen consumption and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and metabolic flux analysis with the Seahorse platform. Global metabolic alterations were assessed using targeted mass spectrometric analysis of extra- and intracellular metabolites. RESULTS Chemotherapeutics that cause DNA replication stress induce metabolic changes in p53-positive and p53-negative CRC cells. Irinotecan enhances glycolysis, oxygen consumption, mitochondrial ETC activation, and ROS production in CRC cells. This is connected to increased levels of electron transport chain complexes involving mitochondrial translation. Mass spectrometric analysis reveals global metabolic adaptations of CRC cells to irinotecan, including the glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and pentose phosphate pathways. P53-proficient CRC cells, however, have a more active metabolism upon DNA replication stress than their p53-deficient counterparts. This metabolic switch is a vulnerability of p53-positive cells to irinotecan-induced apoptosis under glucose-restricted conditions. CONCLUSION Drugs that cause DNA replication stress increase the metabolism of CRC cells. Glucose restriction might improve the effectiveness of classical chemotherapy against p53-positive CRC cells. The topoisomerase-1 inhibitor irinotecan and other chemotherapeutics that cause DNA damage induce metabolic adaptations in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells irrespective of their p53 status. Irinotecan enhances the glycolysis and oxygen consumption in CRC cells to deliver energy and biomolecules necessary for DNA repair and their survival. Compared to p53-deficient cells, p53-proficient CRC cells have a more active metabolism and use their intracellular metabolites more extensively. This metabolic switch creates a vulnerability to chemotherapy under glucose-restricted conditions for p53-positive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Marx
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Building 905, Mainz, Germany.
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Institute for Biochemistry and Biophysics, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany.
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany.
- Current Address: Center for Pandemic Vaccines and Therapeutics (ZEPAI), Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Sonnemann
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Jena University Hospital, Children's Clinic, Jena, Germany
- Research Center Lobeda, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver D K Maddocks
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lisa Marx-Blümel
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Jena University Hospital, Children's Clinic, Jena, Germany
- Research Center Lobeda, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Mandy Beyer
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Building 905, Mainz, Germany
| | - Doerte Hoelzer
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
- Current address: Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, Mainz, Germany
| | - René Thierbach
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Claudia Maletzki
- Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, Thoracic, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, Clinic of General, University of Rostock, VisceralRostock, Germany
- Current address: Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Linnebacher
- Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, Thoracic, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, Clinic of General, University of Rostock, VisceralRostock, Germany
| | - Thorsten Heinzel
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Institute for Biochemistry and Biophysics, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver H Krämer
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Building 905, Mainz, Germany.
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Institute for Biochemistry and Biophysics, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany.
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Devericks EN, Carson MS, McCullough LE, Coleman MF, Hursting SD. The obesity-breast cancer link: a multidisciplinary perspective. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:607-625. [PMID: 35752704 PMCID: PMC9470704 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, exceptionally prevalent in the USA, promotes the incidence and progression of numerous cancer types including breast cancer. Complex, interacting metabolic and immune dysregulation marks the development of both breast cancer and obesity. Obesity promotes chronic low-grade inflammation, particularly in white adipose tissue, which drives immune dysfunction marked by increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production, alternative macrophage activation, and reduced T cell function. Breast tissue is predominantly composed of white adipose, and developing breast cancer readily and directly interacts with cells and signals from adipose remodeled by obesity. This review discusses the biological mechanisms through which obesity promotes breast cancer, the role of obesity in breast cancer health disparities, and dietary interventions to mitigate the adverse effects of obesity on breast cancer. We detail the intersection of obesity and breast cancer, with an emphasis on the shared and unique patterns of immune dysregulation in these disease processes. We have highlighted key areas of breast cancer biology exacerbated by obesity, including incidence, progression, and therapeutic response. We posit that interception of obesity-driven breast cancer will require interventions that limit protumor signaling from obese adipose tissue and that consider genetic, structural, and social determinants of the obesity–breast cancer link. Finally, we detail the evidence for various dietary interventions to offset obesity effects in clinical and preclinical studies of breast cancer. In light of the strong associations between obesity and breast cancer and the rising rates of obesity in many parts of the world, the development of effective, safe, well-tolerated, and equitable interventions to limit the burden of obesity on breast cancer are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily N Devericks
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Meredith S Carson
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lauren E McCullough
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael F Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephen D Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA. .,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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29
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Su J, Li F, Wang Y, Su Y, Verhaar A, Ma Z, Peppelenbosch MP. Investigating Ramadan Like Fasting Effects on the Gut Microbiome in BALB/c Mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:832757. [PMID: 35634379 PMCID: PMC9133532 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.832757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently we reported that in healthy volunteer Ramadan-associated intermittent fasting (RAIF) remodels the gut microbiome and resulted in an increase in small chain fatty acid producing bacteria concomitant with improved metabolic parameters. As interpretation of these results is hampered by the possible psychological effects associated with the study, we now aim to investigate RAIF in experimental animals. To this end, 6-week male BALB/c mice were subjected to RAIF (30 days of a 16-h daily fasting; n = 8) or provided with feed ad libitum (n = 6). Fecal samples were collected before and the end of fasting and bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing was performed. We found that RAIF remodeled the composition of gut microbiota in BALB/c mice (p < 0.01) and especially provoked upregulation of butyrate acid-producing Lachnospireceae and Ruminococcaceae (p < 0.01), resembling the effects seen in human volunteers. Hence we conclude that the effects of RAIF on gut microbiome relate to the timing of food intake and are not likely related to psychological factors possibly at play during Ramadan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Su
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC – University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Fanglin Li
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yueying Wang
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Su
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Auke Verhaar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC – University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Zhongren Ma
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongren Ma,
| | - Maikel P. Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC – University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Maikel P. Peppelenbosch,
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30
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Wang J, Si R, Zhang Q, Lu W, Zhang J. Discovery of Imaging and Therapeutic Integration Bifunctional Molecules Based on Bio-Orthogonal Reaction and Releasable Disulfide Bond. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:918-928. [PMID: 35504859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The application of conventional fluorescent probes in living cells has been limited by excess fluorescence interference, reduced selectivity, and poor permeability. Herein, we describe a convenient solution for overcoming the above limitations based on bio-orthogonal reactions and releasable linkers that provide bifunctional molecules for imaging and therapeutic integration. To reduce the interference of excess fluorescent moieties, a bio-orthogonal reaction was applied to activate the fluorescence of the active parent drugs without fluorophores. Moreover, disulfide bonds were incorporated as releasable linkers. After imaging the target protein, the newly yielded fluorophore could be released from the active drugs based on the highly reducing conditions of the tumor. Thus, these bifunctional molecules are comparable in therapeutic activity to the parent drug. These novel imaging and therapeutic integration molecules could be used to realize imaging-aided diagnosis and perform efficient real-time monitoring of cancer cells. Our findings are expected to enable efficient and specific imaging and real-time in vivo prognostic monitoring in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China
| | - Ru Si
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China
| | - Wen Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China
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31
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Rachakatla A, Kalashikam RR. Calorie Restriction-Regulated Molecular Pathways and Its Impact on Various Age Groups: An Overview. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:459-468. [PMID: 35451872 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) if planned properly with regular exercise at different ages can result in healthy weight loss. CR can also have different beneficial effects on improving lifespan and decreasing the age-associated diseases by regulating physiological, biochemical, and molecular markers. The different pathways regulated by CR include:(1) AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which involves PGC-1α, SIRT1, and SIRT3. AMPK also effects myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, which are involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and lipid oxidation; (2) Forkhead box transcription factor's signaling is related to the DNA repair, lipid metabolism, protection of protein structure, autophagy, and resistance to oxidative stress; (3) Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, which involves key factors, such as S6 protein kinase-1 (S6K1), mTOR complex-1 (mTORC1), and 4E-binding protein (4E-BP). Under CR conditions, AMPK activation and mTOR inhibition helps in the activation of Ulk1 complex along with the acetyltransferase Mec-17, which is necessary for autophagy; (4) Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) pathway downregulation protects against cancer and slows the aging process; (5) Nuclear factor kappa B pathway downregulation decreases the inflammation; and (6) c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 kinase regulation as a response to the stress. The acute and chronic CR both shows antidepression and anxiolytic action by effecting ghrelin/GHS-R1a signaling. CR also regulates GSK3β kinase and protects against age-related brain atrophy. CR at young age may show many deleterious effects by effecting different mechanisms. Parental CR before or during conception will also affect the health and development of the offspring by causing many epigenetic modifications that show transgenerational transmission. Maternal CR is associated with intrauterine growth retardation effecting the offspring in their adulthood by developing different metabolic syndromes. The epigenetic changes with response to paternal food supply also linked to offspring health. CR at middle and old age provides a significant preventive impact against the development of age-associated diseases.
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32
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Pantziarka P, Blagden S. Inhibiting the Priming for Cancer in Li-Fraumeni Syndrome. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071621. [PMID: 35406393 PMCID: PMC8997074 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (LFS) is a rare cancer pre-disposition syndrome associated with a germline mutation in the TP53 tumour suppressor gene. People with LFS have a 90% chance of suffering one or more cancers in their lifetime. No treatments exist to reduce this cancer risk. This paper reviews the evidence for how cancers start in people with LFS and proposes that a series of commonly used non-cancer drugs, including metformin and aspirin, can help reduce that lifetime risk of cancer. Abstract The concept of the pre-cancerous niche applies the ‘seed and soil’ theory of metastasis to the initial process of carcinogenesis. TP53 is at the nexus of this process and, in the context of Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (LFS), is a key determinant of the conditions in which cancers are formed and progress. Important factors in the creation of the pre-cancerous niche include disrupted tissue homeostasis, cellular metabolism and chronic inflammation. While druggability of TP53 remains a challenge, there is evidence that drug re-purposing may be able to address aspects of pre-cancerous niche formation and thereby reduce the risk of cancer in individuals with LFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Pantziarka
- The George Pantziarka TP53 Trust, London KT1 2JP, UK
- The Anti-Cancer Fund, Brusselsesteenweg 11, 1860 Meise, Belgium
- Correspondence:
| | - Sarah Blagden
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK;
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Zhou L, Zhang Z, Nice E, Huang C, Zhang W, Tang Y. Circadian rhythms and cancers: the intrinsic links and therapeutic potentials. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:21. [PMID: 35246220 PMCID: PMC8896306 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01238-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm is an evolutionarily conserved time-keeping system that comprises a wide variety of processes including sleep-wake cycles, eating-fasting cycles, and activity-rest cycles, coordinating the behavior and physiology of all organs for whole-body homeostasis. Acute disruption of circadian rhythm may lead to transient discomfort, whereas long-term irregular circadian rhythm will result in the dysfunction of the organism, therefore increasing the risks of numerous diseases especially cancers. Indeed, both epidemiological and experimental evidence has demonstrated the intrinsic link between dysregulated circadian rhythm and cancer. Accordingly, a rapidly increasing understanding of the molecular mechanisms of circadian rhythms is opening new options for cancer therapy, possibly by modulating the circadian clock. In this review, we first describe the general regulators of circadian rhythms and their functions on cancer. In addition, we provide insights into the mechanisms underlying how several types of disruption of the circadian rhythm (including sleep-wake, eating-fasting, and activity-rest) can drive cancer progression, which may expand our understanding of cancer development from the clock perspective. Moreover, we also summarize the potential applications of modulating circadian rhythms for cancer treatment, which may provide an optional therapeutic strategy for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Edouard Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yong Tang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Acupuncture and Chronobiology Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610075, China.
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34
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Collins N, Belkaid Y. Control of immunity via nutritional interventions. Immunity 2022; 55:210-223. [PMID: 35139351 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition affects all physiological processes including those linked to the development and function of our immune system. Here, we discuss recent evidence and emerging concepts supporting the idea that our newfound relationship with nutrition in industrialized countries has fundamentally altered the way in which our immune system is wired. This will be examined through the lens of studies showing that mild or transient reductions in dietary intake can enhance protective immunity while also limiting aberrant inflammatory responses. We will further discuss how trade-offs and priorities begin to emerge in the context of severe nutritional stress. In those settings, specific immunological functions are heightened to re-enforce processes and tissue sites most critical to survival. Altogether, these examples will emphasize the profound influence nutrition has over the immune system and highlight how a mechanistic exploration of this cross talk could ultimately lead to the design of novel therapeutic approaches that prevent and treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Collins
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Yasmine Belkaid
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; NIAID Microbiome Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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35
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Metabolomics and the Multi-Omics View of Cancer. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020154. [PMID: 35208228 PMCID: PMC8880085 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is widely regarded to be a genetic disease. Indeed, over the past five decades, the genomic perspective on cancer has come to almost completely dominate the field. However, this genome-only view is incomplete and tends to portray cancer as a disease that is highly heritable, driven by hundreds of complex genetic interactions and, consequently, difficult to prevent or treat. New evidence suggests that cancer is not as heritable or purely genetic as once thought and that it really is a multi-omics disease. As highlighted in this review, the genome, the exposome, and the metabolome all play roles in cancer’s development and manifestation. The data presented here show that >90% of cancers are initiated by environmental exposures (the exposome) which lead to cancer-inducing genetic changes. The resulting genetic changes are, then, propagated through the altered DNA of the proliferating cancer cells (the genome). Finally, the dividing cancer cells are nourished and sustained by genetically reprogrammed, cancer-specific metabolism (the metabolome). As shown in this review, all three “omes” play roles in initiating cancer. Likewise, all three “omes” interact closely, often providing feedback to each other to sustain or enhance tumor development. Thanks to metabolomics, these multi-omics feedback loops are now much more evident and their roles in explaining the hallmarks of cancer are much better understood. Importantly, this more holistic, multi-omics view portrays cancer as a disease that is much more preventable, easier to understand, and potentially, far more treatable.
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36
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Visioli F, Mucignat-Caretta C, Anile F, Panaite SA. Traditional and Medical Applications of Fasting. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030433. [PMID: 35276792 PMCID: PMC8838777 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fasting has been practiced for millennia, for religious, ethical, or health reasons. It is also commonplace among different species, from humans, to animals, to lower eukaryotes. Research on fasting is gaining traction based on recent studies that show its role in many adaptive cellular responses such as the reduction of oxidative damage and inflammation, increase of energy metabolism, and in boosting cellular protection. In this expert review, we recount the historical evolution of fasting and we critically analyze its current medical applications, including benefits and caveats. Based on the available data, we conclude that the manipulation of dietary intake, in the form of calorie restriction, intermittent fasting, dietary restriction with the exclusion of some nutrients, prolonged fasting, and so forth, is anthropologically engraved in human culture possibly because of its positive health effects. Indeed, many studies show that fasting ameliorates many biochemical parameters related to cardiovascular and cancer risk, and neurodegeneration. Mechanistic studies are plentiful, but largely limited to cell cultures or laboratory animals. Understandably, there are no controlled trials of any form of fasting that gauge the effects on [any cause] mortality. Physicians should be aware that misinformation is pervasive and that their patients often adopt dietary regimens that are far from being clinically validated. Moreover, doctors are often unaware of their patients’ religious or traditional fasting and of its potential health effects. Based on current evidence, no long-term fasting should be undertaken without medical supervision until future research will hopefully help shed further light on fasting and its effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Visioli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo, 335121 Padova, Italy; (C.M.-C.); (F.A.)
- IMDEA-Food, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +390498276107
| | - Carla Mucignat-Caretta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo, 335121 Padova, Italy; (C.M.-C.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesca Anile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo, 335121 Padova, Italy; (C.M.-C.); (F.A.)
| | - Stefan-Alexandru Panaite
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy;
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Hofer SJ, Carmona‐Gutierrez D, Mueller MI, Madeo F. The ups and downs of caloric restriction and fasting: from molecular effects to clinical application. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e14418. [PMID: 34779138 PMCID: PMC8749464 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-associated diseases are rising to pandemic proportions, exposing the need for efficient and low-cost methods to tackle these maladies at symptomatic, behavioral, metabolic, and physiological levels. While nutrition and health are closely intertwined, our limited understanding of how diet precisely influences disease often precludes the medical use of specific dietary interventions. Caloric restriction (CR) has approached clinical application as a powerful, yet simple, dietary modulation that extends both life- and healthspan in model organisms and ameliorates various diseases. However, due to psychological and social-behavioral limitations, CR may be challenging to implement into real life. Thus, CR-mimicking interventions have been developed, including intermittent fasting, time-restricted eating, and macronutrient modulation. Nonetheless, possible side effects of CR and alternatives thereof must be carefully considered. We summarize key concepts and differences in these dietary interventions in humans, discuss their molecular effects, and shed light on advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian J Hofer
- Institute of Molecular BiosciencesNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
- BioHealth GrazGrazAustria
- BioTechMed GrazGrazAustria
| | | | - Melanie I Mueller
- Institute of Molecular BiosciencesNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular BiosciencesNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
- BioHealth GrazGrazAustria
- BioTechMed GrazGrazAustria
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Quigley M, Rieger S, Capobianco E, Wang Z, Zhao H, Hewison M, Lisse TS. Vitamin D Modulation of Mitochondrial Oxidative Metabolism and mTOR Enforces Stress Adaptations and Anticancer Responses. JBMR Plus 2022; 6:e10572. [PMID: 35079680 PMCID: PMC8771003 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between the active form of vitamin D3 (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 1,25(OH)2D) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), two integral signaling molecules of the cell, is poorly understood. This is striking, given that both factors are involved in cancer cell regulation and metabolism. Mitochondria (mt) dysfunction is one of the main drivers of cancer, producing more mitochondria, higher cellular energy, and ROS that can enhance oxidative stress and stress tolerance responses. To study the effects of 1,25(OH)2D on metabolic and mt dysfunction, we used the vitamin D receptor (VDR)-sensitive MG-63 osteosarcoma cell model. Using biochemical approaches, 1,25(OH)2D decreased mt ROS levels, membrane potential (ΔΨmt), biogenesis, and translation, while enforcing endoplasmic reticulum/mitohormetic stress adaptive responses. Using a mitochondria-focused transcriptomic approach, gene set enrichment and pathway analyses show that 1,25(OH)2D lowered mt fusion/fission and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). By contrast, mitophagy, ROS defense, and epigenetic gene regulation were enhanced after 1,25(OH)2D treatment, as well as key metabolic enzymes that regulate fluxes of substrates for cellular architecture and a shift toward non-oxidative energy metabolism. ATACseq revealed putative oxi-sensitive and tumor-suppressing transcription factors that may regulate important mt functional genes such as the mTORC1 inhibitor, DDIT4/REDD1. DDIT4/REDD1 was predominantly localized to the outer mt membrane in untreated MG-63 cells yet sequestered in the cytoplasm after 1,25(OH)2D and rotenone treatments, suggesting a level of control by membrane depolarization to facilitate its cytoplasmic mTORC1 inhibitory function. The results show that 1,25(OH)2D activates distinct adaptive metabolic responses involving mitochondria to regain redox balance and control the growth of osteosarcoma cells. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikayla Quigley
- Biology DepartmentUniversity of MiamiCoral GablesFLUSA
- Dana Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
| | - Sandra Rieger
- Biology DepartmentUniversity of MiamiCoral GablesFLUSA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA
| | - Enrico Capobianco
- Institute for Data Science and ComputingUniversity of MiamiCoral GablesFLUSA
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of MiamiCoral GablesFLUSA
| | - Hengguang Zhao
- Department of DermatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Martin Hewison
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems ResearchUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Thomas S Lisse
- Biology DepartmentUniversity of MiamiCoral GablesFLUSA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA
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Vidoni C, Ferraresi A, Esposito A, Maheshwari C, Dhanasekaran DN, Mollace V, Isidoro C. Calorie Restriction for Cancer Prevention and Therapy: Mechanisms, Expectations, and Efficacy. J Cancer Prev 2021; 26:224-236. [PMID: 35047448 PMCID: PMC8749320 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2021.26.4.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed diseases, and despite the continuous efforts in searching for new and more effective treatments, its morbidity and mortality remain a significant health problem worldwide. Calorie restriction, a dietary manipulation that consists in a reduction of the calorie intake, is gaining attention as a potential adjuvant intervention for preventing and/or fighting cancer. Several forms of energy reduction intake, which includes caloric restriction tout-court, dietary restrictions, and intermittent fasting, are being explored for their ability to prevent or slow down cancer progression. Additionally, another anti-cancer approach being under investigation relies on the use of nutraceuticals known as “Caloric Restriction Mimetics” that can provide caloric restriction-mediated benefits without subjecting the patients to a strict diet. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies consistently show that diet modifiers reducing the calorie have impact on tumor microenvironment and cancer metabolism, resulting in reduced growth and progression of cancer. Preliminary clinical studies show that patients subjected to a reduced nutrient/energy intake experience improved outcomes from chemo- and radiotherapy while better tolerating the side effects. Here, we review the state of the art on the therapeutic potential of calorie restriction and of caloric restriction mimetics in preventing or retarding tumor development by modulating a subset of cellular processes. The most recent clinical progresses with caloric restriction mimetics in the clinical practice are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Vidoni
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ferraresi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Andrea Esposito
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Chinmay Maheshwari
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Danny N Dhanasekaran
- Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ciro Isidoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy
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Qian L, Zhang F, Yin M, Lei Q. Cancer metabolism and dietary interventions. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 19:j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0461. [PMID: 34931768 PMCID: PMC8832959 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic remodeling is a key feature of cancer development. Knowledge of cancer metabolism has greatly expanded since the first observation of abnormal metabolism in cancer cells, the so-called Warburg effect. Malignant cells tend to modify cellular metabolism to favor specialized fermentation over the aerobic respiration usually used by most normal cells. Thus, targeted cancer therapies based on reprogramming nutrient or metabolite metabolism have received substantial attention both conceptually and in clinical practice. In particular, the management of nutrient availability is becoming more attractive in cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss recent findings on tumor metabolism and potential dietary interventions based on the specific characteristics of tumor metabolism. First, we present a comprehensive overview of changes in macronutrient metabolism. Carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids, are rewired in the cancer microenvironment individually or systematically. Second, we summarize recent progress in cancer interventions applying different types of diets and specific nutrient restrictions in pre-clinical research or clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Qian
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Institutes, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Institutes, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Miao Yin
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Institutes, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Qunying Lei
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Institutes, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Lead Contact, Shanghai 200030, China
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Mitigation of Iron Irradiation-Induced Genotoxicity and Genomic Instability by Postexposure Dietary Restriction in Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:2888393. [PMID: 34926683 PMCID: PMC8677402 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2888393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose. Postexposure onset of dietary restriction (DR) is expected to provide therapeutic nutritional approaches to reduce health risk from exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) due to such as manned space exploration, radiotherapy, or nuclear accidents as IR could alleviate radiocarcinogenesis in animal models. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study is aimed at investigating the effect from postexposure onset of DR on genotoxicity and genomic instability (GI) induced by total body irradiation (TBI) in mice. Materials and Methods. Mice were exposed to 2.0 Gy of accelerated iron particles with an initial energy of 500 MeV/nucleon and a linear energy transfer (LET) value of about 200 keV/μm. After TBI, mice were either allowed to free access to a standard laboratory chow or treated under DR (25% cut in diet). Using micronucleus frequency (MNF) in bone marrow erythrocytes, induction of acute genotoxicity and GI in the hematopoietic system was, respectively, determined 1 and 2 months after TBI. Results and Conclusions. TBI alone caused a significant increase in MNF while DR alone did not markedly influence the MNF. DR induced a significant decrease in MNF compared to the treatment by TBI alone. Results demonstrated that postexposure onset of DR could relieve the elevated MNF induced by TBI with high-LET iron particles. These findings indicated that reduction in acute genotoxicity and late GI may be at least a part of the mechanisms underlying decreased radiocarcinogenesis by DR.
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[Ramadan fasting during treatment with external beam radiotherapy]. Bull Cancer 2021; 109:331-337. [PMID: 34776116 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many Muslim cancer patients insist on fasting during the month of Ramadan, even during treatment. The purpose of this observational study is to study the practice of fasting, in patients receiving external radiation therapy. METHODS Our study was conducted during the month of Ramadan 1441 (2018) in the radiotherapy department of Ibn Rochd University Hospital of Casablanca. We included all patients who received external radiotherapy during this period. We thus collected the characteristics of patients, disease and treatment modalities. After an interview, with a pre-established questionnaire, we were able to establish the observance of the fast. RESULTS We collected a total of 209 patients. The most frequently represented locations were breast cancer followed by gynecological cancers in 35.4% and 18.7% respectively. All our patients were fasting Ramadan before the diagnosis of cancer, however, only 39.2% were fasting during the treatment by radiotherapy, and just 40% of patients have discussed the possibility of fasting with their oncologist. In multivariate analysis, the stage of the disease was the only factor related to the fasting status of our patients. DISCUSSION Even under treatment, many of our patients fast during the month of Ramadan. Further studies are needed to evaluate the tolerance of fasting in order to better answer the question "can I fast?".
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Evaluating the beneficial effects of dietary restrictions: A framework for precision nutrigeroscience. Cell Metab 2021; 33:2142-2173. [PMID: 34555343 PMCID: PMC8845500 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) has long been viewed as the most robust nongenetic means to extend lifespan and healthspan. Many aging-associated mechanisms are nutrient responsive, but despite the ubiquitous functions of these pathways, the benefits of DR often vary among individuals and even among tissues within an individual, challenging the aging research field. Furthermore, it is often assumed that lifespan interventions like DR will also extend healthspan, which is thus often ignored in aging studies. In this review, we provide an overview of DR as an intervention and discuss the mechanisms by which it affects lifespan and various healthspan measures. We also review studies that demonstrate exceptions to the standing paradigm of DR being beneficial, thus raising new questions that future studies must address. We detail critical factors for the proposed field of precision nutrigeroscience, which would utilize individualized treatments and predict outcomes using biomarkers based on genotype, sex, tissue, and age.
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Silver DJ, Lathia JD, Hine C. Hydrogen sulfide operates as a glioblastoma suppressor and is lost under high fat diet. Mol Cell Oncol 2021; 8:1973312. [PMID: 34616877 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2021.1973312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the deadliest and aggressive forms of brain cancer. Environmental and intrinsic factors such as Western Diet and advanced age can function as powerful accelerants to the progression of GBM. Recently, we discovered that pre-clinical GBM models subject to an obesogenic and age-accelerating high fat diet (HFD) presented with hyperaggressive GBM phenotypes, including treatment-refractory cancer stem cell (CSC) enrichment. Mechanistically, HFD suppressed production of the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and its downstream sulfhydration signaling in the brain. Likewise, we observed dramatic loss of sulfhydration in brains of GBM patients. Importantly, we showed the tumor suppressive effects of H2S against GBM in cell culture and in vivo. Here, we discuss these recent findings and provide insight into how they can be leveraged to improve treatment modalities, prognosis, and quality of life for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Silver
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Christopher Hine
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Lee Y. Roles of circadian clocks in cancer pathogenesis and treatment. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1529-1538. [PMID: 34615982 PMCID: PMC8568965 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00681-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks are ubiquitous timing mechanisms that generate approximately 24-h rhythms in cellular and bodily functions across nearly all living species. These internal clock systems enable living organisms to anticipate and respond to daily changes in their environment in a timely manner, optimizing temporal physiology and behaviors. Dysregulation of circadian rhythms by genetic and environmental risk factors increases susceptibility to multiple diseases, particularly cancers. A growing number of studies have revealed dynamic crosstalk between circadian clocks and cancer pathways, providing mechanistic insights into the therapeutic utility of circadian rhythms in cancer treatment. This review will discuss the roles of circadian rhythms in cancer pathogenesis, highlighting the recent advances in chronotherapeutic approaches for improved cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yool Lee
- grid.30064.310000 0001 2157 6568Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202 USA
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Abstract
Circadian clocks are biological timing mechanisms that generate 24-h rhythms of physiology and behavior, exemplified by cycles of sleep/wake, hormone release, and metabolism. The adaptive value of clocks is evident when internal body clocks and daily environmental cycles are mismatched, such as in the case of shift work and jet lag or even mistimed eating, all of which are associated with physiological disruption and disease. Studies with animal and human models have also unraveled an important role of functional circadian clocks in modulating cellular and organismal responses to physiological cues (ex., food intake, exercise), pathological insults (e.g. virus and parasite infections), and medical interventions (e.g. medication). With growing knowledge of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying circadian physiology and pathophysiology, it is becoming possible to target circadian rhythms for disease prevention and treatment. In this review, we discuss recent advances in circadian research and the potential for therapeutic applications that take patient circadian rhythms into account in treating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yool Lee
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Jeffrey M Field
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amita Sehgal
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Tang CC, Huang TC, Tien FM, Lin JM, Yeh YC, Lee CY. Safety, Feasibility, and Effects of Short-Term Calorie Reduction during Induction Chemotherapy in Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093268. [PMID: 34579145 PMCID: PMC8471174 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-term calorie reduction (SCR) requires individuals to reduce their calorie intake to less than 50% of normal requirements and has shown good tolerance and potential benefits in prior studies addressing gynecological cancer patients. More studies are needed to further confirm its safety, feasibility, and effects in patients with different cancers, including hematological malignancies. This pilot cohort study with a matched-pair comparison group was registered at ClinicalTrails.gov [201810112RIND]. Adult patients diagnosed with advanced-stage diffuse large-B cell lymphoma were recruited (SCR group) and matched with one comparison patient (comparison group), each in a manner blinded to their outcomes. The SCR group undertook at least two cycles of 48 h water fast along with their chemotherapy R-CHOP. Descriptive analysis and generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the data. Six participants completed multiple cycles of SCR and were compared to their six counterparts in the comparison group. The results showed that SCR is safe and feasible in terms of a high compliance rate and stable nutritional status. The SCR was associated with benefits in post-chemotherapy hematological parameters (i.e., erythrocyte [p < 0.001] and lymphocyte counts [p < 0.001]). More randomized controlled trials are needed to validate the effects of SCR on different types of cancer populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chun Tang
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100025, Taiwan; (C.-C.T.); (Y.-C.Y.)
| | - Tai-Chung Huang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan; (T.-C.H.); (F.-M.T.)
| | - Feng-Ming Tien
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan; (T.-C.H.); (F.-M.T.)
| | - Jing-Meei Lin
- Department of Dietetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Chen Yeh
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100025, Taiwan; (C.-C.T.); (Y.-C.Y.)
| | - Ching-Yi Lee
- Department of Nursing, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2312-3456 (ext. 88436)
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Campos J, Silva NA, Salgado AJ. Nutritional interventions for spinal cord injury: preclinical efficacy and molecular mechanisms. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:1206-1221. [PMID: 34472615 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition that leads to motor, sensory, and autonomic impairments. Its intrinsic pathophysiological complexity has hindered the establishment of effective treatments for decades. Nutritional interventions (NIs) for SCI have been proposed as a route to circumvent some of the problems associated with this condition. Results obtained in animal models point to a more holistic effect, rather than to specific modulation, of several relevant SCI pathophysiological processes. Indeed, published data have shown NI improves energetic imbalance, oxidative damage, and inflammation, which are promoters of improved proteostasis and neurotrophic signaling, leading ultimately to neuroprotection and neuroplasticity. This review focuses on the most well-documented Nis. The mechanistic implications and their translational potential for SCI are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Campos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno A Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Saito K, Ito M, Chiba T, Jia H, Kato H. A Comparison of Gene Expression Profiles of Rat Tissues after Mild and Short-Term Calorie Restrictions. Nutrients 2021; 13:2277. [PMID: 34209243 PMCID: PMC8308279 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have shown the beneficial effects of calorie restriction (CR) on rodents' aging; however, the molecular mechanism explaining these beneficial effects is still not fully understood. Previously, we conducted transcriptomic analysis on rat liver with short-term and mild-to-moderate CR to elucidate its early response to such diet. Here, we expanded transcriptome analysis to muscle, adipose tissue, intestine, and brain and compared the gene expression profiles of these multiple organs and of our previous dataset. Several altered gene expressions were found, some of which known to be related to CR. Notably, the commonly regulated genes by CR include nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase and heat shock protein 90, which are involved in declining the aging process and thus potential therapeutic targets for aging-related diseases. The data obtained here provide information on early response markers and key mediators of the CR-induced delay in aging as well as on age-associated pathological changes in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Saito
- Health Nutrition, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (K.S.); (M.I.); (H.J.)
| | - Maiko Ito
- Health Nutrition, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (K.S.); (M.I.); (H.J.)
- Biomedical Gerontology Laboratory, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-1 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1164, Japan;
| | - Takuya Chiba
- Biomedical Gerontology Laboratory, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-1 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1164, Japan;
| | - Huijuan Jia
- Health Nutrition, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (K.S.); (M.I.); (H.J.)
| | - Hisanori Kato
- Health Nutrition, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (K.S.); (M.I.); (H.J.)
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Crudele L, Piccinin E, Moschetta A. Visceral Adiposity and Cancer: Role in Pathogenesis and Prognosis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062101. [PMID: 34205356 PMCID: PMC8234141 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of being overweight and obese has been expanded dramatically in recent years worldwide. Obesity usually occurs when the energetic introit overtakes energy expenditure from metabolic and physical activity, leading to fat accumulation mainly in the visceral depots. Excessive fat accumulation represents a risk factor for many chronic diseases, including cancer. Adiposity, chronic low-grade inflammation, and hyperinsulinemia are essential factors of obesity that also play a crucial role in tumor onset. In recent years, several strategies have been pointed toward boundary fat accumulation, thus limiting the burden of cancer attributable to obesity. While remodeling fat via adipocytes browning seems a tempting prospect, lifestyle interventions still represent the main pathway to prevent cancer and enhance the efficacy of treatments. Specifically, the Mediterranean Diet stands out as one of the best dietary approaches to curtail visceral adiposity and, therefore, cancer risk. In this Review, the close relationship between obesity and cancer has been investigated, highlighting the biological mechanisms at the basis of this link. Finally, strategies to remodel fat, including browning and lifestyle interventions, have been taken into consideration as a major perspective to limit excess body weight and tumor onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucilla Crudele
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.C.); (E.P.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Elena Piccinin
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.C.); (E.P.)
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.C.); (E.P.)
- INBB, National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems, 00136 Rome, Italy
- National Cancer Center, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-080-559-3262
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