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Brailoiu E, Barr JL, Wittorf HN, Inan S, Unterwald EM, Brailoiu GC. Modulation of the Blood-Brain Barrier by Sigma-1R Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5147. [PMID: 38791182 PMCID: PMC11121402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 (Sigma-1R) is an intracellular chaperone protein residing on the endoplasmic reticulum at the mitochondrial-associated membrane (MAM) region. Sigma-1R is abundant in the brain and is involved in several physiological processes as well as in various disease states. The role of Sigma-1R at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is incompletely characterized. In this study, the effect of Sigma-1R activation was investigated in vitro on rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (RBMVEC), an important component of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and in vivo on BBB permeability in rats. The Sigma-1R agonist PRE-084 produced a dose-dependent increase in mitochondrial calcium, and mitochondrial and cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS) in RBMVEC. PRE-084 decreased the electrical resistance of the RBMVEC monolayer, measured with the electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) method, indicating barrier disruption. These effects were reduced by pretreatment with Sigma-1R antagonists, BD 1047 and NE 100. In vivo assessment of BBB permeability in rats indicates that PRE-084 produced a dose-dependent increase in brain extravasation of Evans Blue and sodium fluorescein brain; the effect was reduced by the Sigma-1R antagonists. Immunocytochemistry studies indicate that PRE-084 produced a disruption of tight and adherens junctions and actin cytoskeleton. The brain microcirculation was directly visualized in vivo in the prefrontal cortex of awake rats with a miniature integrated fluorescence microscope (aka, miniscope; Doric Lenses Inc.). Miniscope studies indicate that PRE-084 increased sodium fluorescein extravasation in vivo. Taken together, these results indicate that Sigma-1R activation promoted oxidative stress and increased BBB permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugen Brailoiu
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (E.B.); (J.L.B.); (S.I.)
- Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Barr
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (E.B.); (J.L.B.); (S.I.)
| | - Hailey N. Wittorf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
| | - Saadet Inan
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (E.B.); (J.L.B.); (S.I.)
| | - Ellen M. Unterwald
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (E.B.); (J.L.B.); (S.I.)
- Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Gabriela Cristina Brailoiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
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2
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Vo TTL, Shin D, Ha E, Seo JH. Dysfunction of the Neurovascular Unit by Psychostimulant Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15154. [PMID: 37894832 PMCID: PMC10606839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
'Drug abuse' has been recognized as one of the most pressing epidemics in contemporary society. Traditional research has primarily focused on understanding how drugs induce neurotoxicity or degeneration within the central nervous system (CNS) and influence systems related to reward, motivation, and cravings. However, recent investigations have increasingly shifted their attention toward the detrimental consequences of drug abuse on the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a structural component situated in brain vessels, responsible for separating brain tissue from external substances to maintain brain homeostasis. The BBB's function is governed by cellular interactions involving various elements of the 'neurovascular unit (NVU),' such as neurons, endothelial cells, astrocytes, pericytes, and microglia. Disruption of the NVU is closely linked to serious neurodegeneration. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the harmful effects of psychostimulant drugs on the BBB, highlighting the mechanisms through which drugs can damage the NVU. Additionally, the review proposes novel therapeutic targets aimed at protecting the BBB. By understanding the intricate relationships between drug abuse, BBB integrity, and NVU function, researchers and clinicians may uncover new strategies to mitigate the damaging impact of drug abuse on brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tam Thuy Lu Vo
- Department of Biochemistry, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea; (T.T.L.V.); (E.H.)
| | - Dain Shin
- Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eunyoung Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea; (T.T.L.V.); (E.H.)
| | - Ji Hae Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea; (T.T.L.V.); (E.H.)
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3
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Robinson TS, Osman MA. An Emerging Role for Sigma Receptor 1 in Personalized Treatment of Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3464. [PMID: 37444574 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the major progress in treating breast cancer, recurrence remains a problem and types such as triple-negative breast cancer still lack targeted medicine. The orphan Sigma receptor1 (SigmaR1) has emerged as a target in breast cancer, but its mechanism of action is unclear and hinders clinical utility. SigmaR1 is widely expressed in organ tissues and localized to various sub-cellular compartments, particularly the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the mitochondrial-associated membranes (MAMs) and the nuclear envelope. As such, it involves diverse cellular functions, including protein quality control/ER stress, calcium signaling, cholesterol homeostasis, mitochondrial integrity and energy metabolism. Consequently, SigmaR1 has been implicated in a number of cancers and degenerative diseases and thus has been intensively pursued as a therapeutic target. Because SigmaR1 binds a number of structurally unrelated ligands, it presents an excellent context-dependent therapeutic target. Here, we review its role in breast cancer and the current therapies that have been considered based on its known functions. As SigmaR1 is not classified as an oncoprotein, we propose a model in which it serves as an oligomerization adaptor in key cellular pathways, which may help illuminate its association with variable diseases and pave the way for clinical utility in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor S Robinson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Mahasin A Osman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
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4
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Flores-López M, García-Marchena N, Pavón-Morón FJ, Requena-Ocaña N, Sánchez-Marín L, Martín-Chaves L, García-Medina M, Pedraza C, Castilla-Ortega E, Ruiz JJ, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Araos P, Serrano A. Plasma concentrations of lysophosphatidic acid and the expression of its receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells are altered in patients with cocaine use disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:215. [PMID: 37344453 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02523-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently reported alterations in the plasma concentrations of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in patients with substance use disorders. In order to further explore the potential role of the LPA signaling system as biomarker in cocaine use disorders (CUD) we conducted a cross-sectional study with 105 patients diagnosed with CUD and 92 healthy controls. Participants were clinically evaluated and blood samples were collected to determine plasma concentrations of total LPA and LPA species (16:0-, 18:0-, 18:1-, 18:2-, and 20:4-LPA), and the gene expression of LPA1 and LPA2 receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We found that patients with CUD had significantly lower plasma concentration of the majority of LPA species, while the mRNA expression of LPA1 receptor was found to be higher than controls. Moreover, we found a positive association between plasma concentration of 20:4-LPA and relevant CUD-related variables: age of onset cocaine use and length of cocaine abstinence. The statistical analysis revealed sex differences in concentrations of total LPA and LPA species, and women showed higher LPA concentrations than men. Furthermore, studies in rats of both sexes showed that plasma concentrations of total LPA were also altered after acute and chronic cocaine administration, revealing a sexual dimorphism in these effects. This study found alterations on the LPA signaling system in both, patients with CUD and rats treated with cocaine. Our results demonstrate that LPA signaling is impacted by CUD and sex, which must be taken into consideration in future studies evaluating LPA as a reliable biomarker for CUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Flores-López
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), 29590, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Nuria García-Marchena
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), 29590, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Adicciones-Servicio de Medicina Interna, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Francisco J Pavón-Morón
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), 29590, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Área del Corazón, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Requena-Ocaña
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), 29590, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Laura Sánchez-Marín
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), 29590, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Laura Martín-Chaves
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), 29590, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Área del Corazón, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Mónica García-Medina
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), 29590, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Carmen Pedraza
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Estela Castilla-Ortega
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan J Ruiz
- Centro Provincial de Drogodependencias de Málaga, Diputación Provincial de Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), 29590, Málaga, Spain.
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Neurología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Pedro Araos
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), 29590, Málaga, Spain.
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Antonia Serrano
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), 29590, Málaga, Spain.
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain.
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5
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Channer B, Matt SM, Nickoloff-Bybel EA, Pappa V, Agarwal Y, Wickman J, Gaskill PJ. Dopamine, Immunity, and Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:62-158. [PMID: 36757901 PMCID: PMC9832385 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotransmitter dopamine is a key factor in central nervous system (CNS) function, regulating many processes including reward, movement, and cognition. Dopamine also regulates critical functions in peripheral organs, such as blood pressure, renal activity, and intestinal motility. Beyond these functions, a growing body of evidence indicates that dopamine is an important immunoregulatory factor. Most types of immune cells express dopamine receptors and other dopaminergic proteins, and many immune cells take up, produce, store, and/or release dopamine, suggesting that dopaminergic immunomodulation is important for immune function. Targeting these pathways could be a promising avenue for the treatment of inflammation and disease, but despite increasing research in this area, data on the specific effects of dopamine on many immune cells and disease processes remain inconsistent and poorly understood. Therefore, this review integrates the current knowledge of the role of dopamine in immune cell function and inflammatory signaling across systems. We also discuss the current understanding of dopaminergic regulation of immune signaling in the CNS and peripheral tissues, highlighting the role of dopaminergic immunomodulation in diseases such as Parkinson's disease, several neuropsychiatric conditions, neurologic human immunodeficiency virus, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and others. Careful consideration is given to the influence of experimental design on results, and we note a number of areas in need of further research. Overall, this review integrates our knowledge of dopaminergic immunology at the cellular, tissue, and disease level and prompts the development of therapeutics and strategies targeted toward ameliorating disease through dopaminergic regulation of immunity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Canonically, dopamine is recognized as a neurotransmitter involved in the regulation of movement, cognition, and reward. However, dopamine also acts as an immune modulator in the central nervous system and periphery. This review comprehensively assesses the current knowledge of dopaminergic immunomodulation and the role of dopamine in disease pathogenesis at the cellular and tissue level. This will provide broad access to this information across fields, identify areas in need of further investigation, and drive the development of dopaminergic therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breana Channer
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Stephanie M Matt
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Emily A Nickoloff-Bybel
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Vasiliki Pappa
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Yash Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Jason Wickman
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Peter J Gaskill
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
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6
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Zhao Q, Yu S, Ling Y, Hao S, Liu J. The Protective Effects of Dexmedetomidine against Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Induced Inflammatory Injury and Permeability in Brain Endothelial Cells Mediated by Sigma-1 Receptor. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1940-1947. [PMID: 34014076 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) mainly arises from the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke, induced by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and infiltrated inflammation. The Sigma-1 receptor (Sigma-1R) is a novel target for neuroprotection, and the α2-receptor agonist pain medication dexmedetomidine displays a neuroprotective effect through activating Sigma-1R. The present study aims to investigate the potential therapeutic effect of dexmedetomidine in a mouse stroke model and hypoxia/reoxygenation(OGD/R)-induced brain endothelial dysfunction. First, we found that Sigma-1R was significantly upregulated in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mice by the administration of dexmedetomidine. In vivo experiments revealed that dexmedetomidine ameliorated hyperpermeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), lowered the expression level of Occludin, and impaired brain function as measured by neurological scores in MCAO mice. In vitro assays show that dexmedetomidine alleviated OGD/R-caused cytotoxicity, hyperpermeability, abnormal expression of Occludin, and inflammatory factors in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVECs). Moreover, blockage of Sigma-1R by its antagonist BD1047 abolished the neuroprotective property of dexmedetomidine in both animal and cell culture experiments. On the basis of these findings, we conclude that dexmedetomidine therapy shows neuroprotection in MCAO mice. Mechanistically, dexmedetomidine alleviated hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cerebral endothelial dysfunction by activating the Sigma-1R-mediated signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Shoushui Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao, Shandong 276800, China
| | - Yong Ling
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Shiyuan Hao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
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7
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Wang N, Wang C, Zhao H, He Y, Lan B, Sun L, Gao Y. The MAMs Structure and Its Role in Cell Death. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030657. [PMID: 33809551 PMCID: PMC7999768 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of cellular homeostasis involves the participation of multiple organelles. These organelles are associated in space and time, and either cooperate or antagonize each other with regards to cell function. Crosstalk between organelles has become a significant topic in research over recent decades. We believe that signal transduction between organelles, especially the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, is a factor that can influence the cell fate. As the cellular center for protein folding and modification, the endoplasmic reticulum can influence a range of physiological processes by regulating the quantity and quality of proteins. Mitochondria, as the cellular "energy factory," are also involved in cell death processes. Some researchers regard the ER as the sensor of cellular stress and the mitochondria as an important actuator of the stress response. The scientific community now believe that bidirectional communication between the ER and the mitochondria can influence cell death. Recent studies revealed that the death signals can shuttle between the two organelles. Mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) play a vital role in the complex crosstalk between the ER and mitochondria. MAMs are known to play an important role in lipid synthesis, the regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis, the coordination of ER-mitochondrial function, and the transduction of death signals between the ER and the mitochondria. Clarifying the structure and function of MAMs will provide new concepts for studying the pathological mechanisms associated with neurodegenerative diseases, aging, and cancers. Here, we review the recent studies of the structure and function of MAMs and its roles involved in cell death, especially in apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- China Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, China; (N.W.); (C.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.H.); (B.L.)
| | - Chong Wang
- China Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, China; (N.W.); (C.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.H.); (B.L.)
| | - Hongyang Zhao
- China Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, China; (N.W.); (C.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.H.); (B.L.)
| | - Yichun He
- China Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, China; (N.W.); (C.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.H.); (B.L.)
| | - Beiwu Lan
- China Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, China; (N.W.); (C.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.H.); (B.L.)
| | - Liankun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yufei Gao
- China Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, China; (N.W.); (C.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.H.); (B.L.)
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (Y.G.)
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8
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Marrazzo A, Torrisi C, Barbaraci C, Amata E, Castelli F, Sarpietro MG. Interaction of new sigma ligands with biomembrane models evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry and Langmuir-Blodgett studies. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 201:111643. [PMID: 33647709 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The compound (+)-MR200 [(+)-methyl (1R,2S)-2-{[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl]methyl}-1-phenylcyclopropanecarboxylate] is a selective sigma 1 (σ1) antagonist with antinociceptive effect, able to increase selective opioid receptor agonist-mediated analgesia. The parent compound (-)-MRV3 [(-)-methyl (1S,2R)-2-[(4-hydroxy-4-phenylpiperidin-1-yl)-methyl]-1-phenylcyclopropanecarboxylate], a σ1 antagonist with an improved σ1/σ2 selectivity respect to (+)-MR200, play a role in both central sensitization and pain hypersensitivity, suggesting a potential use of σ1 antagonists for the treatment of persistent pain conditions. With the intention to assessing the membrane absorption of compounds and their ability to cross it, the interaction of (+)-MR200 and (-)-MRV3 with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine phospholipids (DMPC), used as biomembrane models was studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Marrazzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Torrisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Carla Barbaraci
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Emanuele Amata
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Castelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
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9
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Herrando-Grabulosa M, Gaja-Capdevila N, Vela JM, Navarro X. Sigma 1 receptor as a therapeutic target for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:1336-1352. [PMID: 32761823 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult disease causing a progressive loss of upper and lower motoneurons, muscle paralysis and early death. ALS has a poor prognosis of 3-5 years after diagnosis with no effective cure. The aetiopathogenic mechanisms involved include glutamate excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, protein misfolding, mitochondrial alterations, disrupted axonal transport and inflammation. Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 (sigma 1 receptor) is a protein expressed in motoneurons, mainly found in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) on the mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM) or in close contact with cholinergic postsynaptic sites. MAMs are sites that allow the assembly of several complexes implicated in essential survival cell functions. The sigma 1 receptor modulates essential mechanisms for motoneuron survival including excitotoxicity, calcium homeostasis, ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. This review updates sigma 1 receptor mechanisms and its alterations in ALS, focusing on MAM modulation, which may constitute a novel target for therapeutic strategies. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Neurochemistry in Japan. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.6/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Herrando-Grabulosa
- Institute of Neurosciences, Department Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Gaja-Capdevila
- Institute of Neurosciences, Department Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Vela
- Esteve Pharmaceuticals S.A., Drug Discovery and Preclinical Development, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Navarro
- Institute of Neurosciences, Department Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Institut Guttmann de Neurorehabilitació, Badalona, Spain
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10
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Jia H, Cai Z, Holden D, He Y, Lin SF, Li S, Baum E, Shirali A, Kapinos M, Gao H, Ropchan J, Huang Y. Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Evaluation of a Novel 18F-Labeled Sigma-1 Receptor Radioligand in Cynomolgus Monkeys. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1673-1681. [PMID: 32356969 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a convenient radiosynthesis and the first positron emission tomography (PET) imaging evaluation of [18F]FBFP as a potent sigma-1 (σ1) receptor radioligand with advantageous characteristics. [18F]FBFP was synthesized in one step from an iodonium ylide precursor. In cynomolgus monkeys, [18F]FBFP displayed high brain uptake and suitable tissue kinetics for quantitative analysis. It exhibited heterogeneous distribution with higher regional volume of distribution (VT) values in the amygdala, hippocampus, insula, and frontal cortex. Pretreatment with the σ1 receptor agonist SA4503 (0.5 mg/kg) significantly reduced radioligand uptake in the monkey brain (>95%), indicating high binding specificity of [18F]FBFP in vivo. Compared with (S)-[18F]fluspidine, [18F]FBFP possessed higher regional nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND) values across the brain regions. These findings demonstrate that [18F]FBFP is a highly promising PET radioligand for imaging and quantification of σ1 receptors in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhengxin Cai
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Daniel Holden
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Yingfang He
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shu-Fei Lin
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Songye Li
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Evan Baum
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Anupama Shirali
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Michael Kapinos
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Hong Gao
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Jim Ropchan
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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11
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Hong WC. Distinct Regulation of σ 1 Receptor Multimerization by Its Agonists and Antagonists in Transfected Cells and Rat Liver Membranes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 373:290-301. [PMID: 32060048 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.262790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive studies have shown that the σ 1 receptor (σ 1R) interacts with and modulates the activity of multiple proteins with important biological functions. Recent crystal structures of σ 1R as a homotrimer differ from a dimer-tetramer model postulated earlier. It remains inconclusive whether ligand binding regulates σ 1R oligomerization. Here, novel nondenaturing gel methods and mutational analysis were used to examine σ 1R oligomerization. In transfected cells, σ 1R exhibited as multimers, dimers, and monomers. Overall, σ 1R agonists decreased, whereas σ 1R antagonists increased σ 1R multimers, suggesting that agonists and antagonists differentially affect the stability of σ 1R multimers. Endogenous σ 1R in rat liver membranes also showed similar regulation of oligomerization as in cells. Mutations at key residues lining the trimerization interface (Arg119, Asp195, Phe191, Trp136, and Gly91) abolished multimerization without disrupting dimerization. Intriguingly, truncation of the N terminus reduced σ 1R to apparent monomer. These results demonstrate that multiple domains play crucial roles in coordinating high-order quaternary organization of σ 1R. The E102Q σ 1R mutant implicated in juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis formed dimers only, suggesting that dysregulation of σ 1R multimeric assembly may impair its function. Interestingly, oligomerization of σ 1R was pH-dependent and correlated with changes in [3H](+)-pentazocine binding affinity and Bmax Combined with mutational analysis, it is reasoned that σ 1R multimers possess high-affinity and high-capacity [3H](+)-pentazocine binding, whereas monomers likely lack binding. These results suggest that σ 1R may exist in interconvertible oligomeric states in a dynamic equilibrium. Further exploration of ligand-regulated σ 1R multimerization may provide novel approaches to modulate the function of σ 1R and its interacting proteins. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The σ 1 receptor (σ 1R) modulates the activities of various partner proteins. Recently, crystal structures of σ 1R were elucidated as homotrimers. This study used novel nondenaturing gel methods to examine σ1R oligomerization in transfected cells and rat liver membranes. Overall, agonist binding decreased, whereas antagonist binding increased σ 1R multimers, which comprised trimers and larger units. σ 1R multimers were shown to bind [3H](+)-pentazocine with high affinity and high capacity. Furthermore, mutational analysis revealed a crucial role of its N-terminal domain in σ 1R multimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Conrad Hong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana
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12
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Delprat B, Crouzier L, Su TP, Maurice T. At the Crossing of ER Stress and MAMs: A Key Role of Sigma-1 Receptor? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1131:699-718. [PMID: 31646531 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12457-1_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Calcium exchanges and homeostasis are finely regulated between cellular organelles and in response to physiological signals. Besides ionophores, including voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, ionotropic neurotransmitter receptors, or Store-operated Ca2+ entry, activity of regulatory intracellular proteins finely tune Calcium homeostasis. One of the most intriguing, by its unique nature but also most promising by the therapeutic opportunities it bears, is the sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R). The Sig-1R is a chaperone protein residing at mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAMs), where it interacts with several partners involved in ER stress response, or in Ca2+ exchange between the ER and mitochondria. Small molecules have been identified that specifically and selectively activate Sig-1R (Sig-1R agonists or positive modulators) at the cellular level and that also allow effective pharmacological actions in several pre-clinical models of pathologies. The present review will summarize the recent data on the mechanism of action of Sig-1R in regulating Ca2+ exchanges and protein interactions at MAMs and the ER. As MAMs alterations and ER stress now appear as a common track in most neurodegenerative diseases, the intracellular action of Sig-1R will be discussed in the context of the recently reported efficacy of Sig-1R drugs in pathologies like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Delprat
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, U1198, Montpellier, France.
| | - Lucie Crouzier
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, U1198, Montpellier, France
| | - Tsung-Ping Su
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, DHHS, IRP, NIDA/NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tangui Maurice
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, U1198, Montpellier, France
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13
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Soriani O, Kourrich S. The Sigma-1 Receptor: When Adaptive Regulation of Cell Electrical Activity Contributes to Stimulant Addiction and Cancer. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1186. [PMID: 31780884 PMCID: PMC6861184 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The sigma-1 receptor (σ1R) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident chaperone protein that acts like an inter-organelle signaling modulator. Among its several functions such as ER lipid metabolisms/transports and indirect regulation of genes transcription, one of its most intriguing feature is the ability to regulate the function and trafficking of a variety of functional proteins. To date, and directly relevant to the present review, σ1R has been found to regulate both voltage-gated ion channels (VGICs) belonging to distinct superfamilies (i.e., sodium, Na+; potassium, K+; and calcium, Ca2+ channels) and non-voltage-gated ion channels. This regulatory function endows σ1R with a powerful capability to fine tune cells’ electrical activity and calcium homeostasis—a regulatory power that appears to favor cell survival in pathological contexts such as stroke or neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we present the current state of knowledge on σ1R’s role in the regulation of cellular electrical activity, and how this seemingly adaptive function can shift cell homeostasis and contribute to the development of very distinct chronic pathologies such as psychostimulant abuse and tumor cell growth in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saïd Kourrich
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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14
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Sil S, Niu F, Tom E, Liao K, Periyasamy P, Buch S. Cocaine Mediated Neuroinflammation: Role of Dysregulated Autophagy in Pericytes. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:3576-3590. [PMID: 30151726 PMCID: PMC6393223 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1325-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine, a known psychostimulant, results in oxidative stress and inflammation. Recent studies from our group have shown that cocaine induces inflammation in glial cells. Our current study was aimed at investigating whether cocaine exposure could also induce inflammation in non-glial cells such as the pericytes with a focus on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress/autophagy axis. Our in vitro findings demonstrated that exposure of pericytes to cocaine resulted in upregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in both the intracellular as well as extracellular compartments, thus underpinning pericytes as yet another source of neuroinflammation. Cocaine exposure of pericytes resulted in increased formation of autophagosomes as demonstrated by a time-dependent increase of autophagy markers, with a concomitant defect in the fusion of the autophagosome with the lysosomes. Pharmacological blocking of the sigma 1 receptor underscored its role in cocaine-mediated activation of pericytes. Furthermore, it was also demonstrated that cocaine-mediated dysregulation of autophagy involved upstream activation of the ER stress pathways, with a subsequent downstream production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in pericytes. These findings were also validated in an in vivo model wherein pericytes in the isolated brain microvessels of cocaine injected mice (7 days) exhibited increased expression of both the autophagy marker-LC3 as well as the pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-6. This is the first report describing the role of pericytes in cocaine-mediated neuroinflammation. Interventions aimed at blocking either the sigma-1 receptor or the upstream ER stress mediators could likely be envisioned as promising therapeutic targets for abrogating cocaine-mediated inflammation in pericytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Sil
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Fang Niu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Eric Tom
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Ke Liao
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Palsamy Periyasamy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Shilpa Buch
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA.
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15
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Romeo G, Prezzavento O, Intagliata S, Pittalà V, Modica MN, Marrazzo A, Turnaturi R, Parenti C, Chiechio S, Arena E, Campisi A, Sposito G, Salerno L. Synthesis, in vitro and in vivo characterization of new benzoxazole and benzothiazole-based sigma receptor ligands. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 174:226-235. [PMID: 31042618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A new set of 5-chlorobenzoxazole- and 5-chlorobenzothiazole-based derivatives containing the azepane ring as a basic moiety was designed, synthesized and evaluated through binding assays to measure their affinity and selectivity towards σ1 and σ2 receptors. Compounds 19, 22 and 24, with a four units spacer between the bicyclic scaffold and the azepane ring, showed nanomolar affinity towards both receptor subtype and the best Ki values (Ki σ1 = 1.27, 2.30, and 0.78 and Ki σ2 = 7.9, 3.8, and 7.61 nM, respectively). Evaluation of cytotoxic and apoptotic effects in MCF-7 human cancer cells was useful to assess σ2 receptor activity, while an in vivo mice model of inflammatory pain allowed to analyze σ1 receptor pharmacological properties. In vitro and in vivo results suggested that compound 19 is a σ1/σ2 agonist, compound 24 a σ1 antagonist/σ2 agonist, whereas compound 22 might act as σ1 antagonist/σ2 partial agonist. Due to their pharmacological profile, a potential therapeutic application in cancer of aforesaid novel σ1/σ2 receptor ligands, especially 22 and 24, is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Romeo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Orazio Prezzavento
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Intagliata
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA; Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
| | - Valeria Pittalà
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria N Modica
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Agostino Marrazzo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Rita Turnaturi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Carmela Parenti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Santina Chiechio
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy; Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Arena
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Agata Campisi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sposito
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Loredana Salerno
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
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16
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Abstract
More than four decades passed since sigma receptors were first mentioned. Since then, existence of at least two receptor subtypes and their tissue distributions have been proposed. Nowadays, it is clear, that sigma receptors are unique ubiquitous proteins with pluripotent function, which can interact with so many different classes of proteins. As the endoplasmic resident proteins, they work as molecular chaperones - accompany various proteins during their folding, ensure trafficking of the maturated proteins between cellular organelles and regulate their functions. In the heart, sigma receptor type 1 is more dominant. Cardiac sigma 1 receptors regulate response to endoplasmic reticulum stress, modulates calcium signaling in cardiomyocyte and can affect function of voltage-gated ion channels. They contributed in pathophysiology of cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure and many other cardiovascular disorders. Therefore, sigma receptors are potential novel targets for specific treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Stracina
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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17
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Cocaine evokes a profile of oxidative stress and impacts innate antiviral response pathways in astrocytes. Neuropharmacology 2018; 135:431-443. [PMID: 29578037 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 and Zika virus (ZIKV) represent RNA viruses with neurotropic characteristics. Infected individuals suffer neurocognitive disorders aggravated by environmental toxins, including drugs of abuse such as cocaine, exacerbating HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders through a combination of astrogliosis, oxidative stress and innate immune signaling; however, little is known about how cocaine impacts the progression of ZIKV neural perturbations. Impaired innate immune signaling is characterized by weakened antiviral activation of interferon signaling and alterations in inflammatory signaling, factors contributing to cognitive sequela associated with cocaine in HIV-1/ZIKV infection. We employed cellular/molecular biology techniques to test if cocaine suppresses the efficacy of astrocytes to initiate a Type 1 interferon response to HIV-1/ZIKV, in vitro. We found cocaine activated antiviral signaling pathways and type I interferon in the absence of inflammation. Cocaine pre-exposure suppressed antiviral responses to HIV-1/ZIKV, triggering antiviral signaling and phosphorylation of interferon regulatory transcription factor 3 to stimulate type I interferon gene transcription. Our data indicate that oxidative stress is a major driver of cocaine-mediated astrocyte antiviral immune responses. Although astrocyte antiviral signaling is activated following detection of foreign pathogenic material, oxidative stress and increased cytosolic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) can drive antiviral signaling via stimulation of pattern recognition receptors. Pretreatment with the glial modulators propentofylline (PPF) or pioglitazone (PIO) reversed cocaine-mediated attenuation of astrocyte responses to HIV-1/ZIKV. Both PPF/PIO protected against cocaine-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased dsDNA, antiviral signaling pathways and increased type I interferon, indicating that cocaine induces astrocyte type I interferon signaling in the absence of virus and oxidative stress is a major driver of cocaine-mediated astrocyte antiviral immunity. Lastly, PPF and PIO have therapeutic potential to ameliorate cocaine-mediated dysregulation of astrocyte antiviral immunity possibly via a myriad of protective actions including decreases in reactive phenotype and damaging immune factors.
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18
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Li H, Wang P, Huang F, Jin J, Wu H, Zhang B, Wang Z, Shi H, Wu X. Astragaloside IV protects blood-brain barrier integrity from LPS-induced disruption via activating Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathway in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 340:58-66. [PMID: 29294303 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells of cerebral microvessels are one of the components of blood-brain-barrier (BBB), which are connected by tight junctions (TJs). BBB disruption in cerebral diseases such as ischemic stroke, Alzhemer's disease, multiple sclerosis and traumatic brain injury is implicated to exacerbate the disease progression. Astragaloside IV (ASIV) isolated from Astragalus membranaceus prevents BBB breakdown in rodents induced with cerebral edema and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. However, its underlying molecular mechanism has not been elucidated yet. In present study, ASIV was found to prevent the leakage of BBB in LPS-induced mice, which was accompanied with increased zo-1 and occludin but reduced VCAM-1 in brain microvessels. Similarly, in brain endothelial cell line bEnd.3 cells, ASIV mitigated the increased permeability induced by LPS, as evidenced by increased TEER and reduced sodium fluorescein extravasation. ASIV also enhanced the expression of TJ proteins such as zo-1, occludin and claudin-5 in LPS stimulated bEnd.3 cells. Meanwhile, it inhibited the inflammatory responses and prevented the monocyte adhesion onto bEnd.3 cells upon LPS stimulation. Further study disclosed that ASIV could alleviate ROS level and activate Nrf2 antioxidant pathway in bEnd.3 cells. When Nrf2 was silenced, the protective effect of ASIV was abolished. In brain microvessels of LPS-induced mice, ASIV also enhanced the expression of Nrf2 antioxidant pathway related proteins. Collectively, our results demonstrated that ASIV protected the integrity of BBB in LPS-induced mice, the mechanism of which might be mediated via activating Nrf2 signaling pathway. The findings suggested that ASIV might be a potential neuroprotective drug acting on BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE), Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE), Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE), Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jinmei Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE), Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE), Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE), Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhifei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE), Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hailian Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE), Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE), Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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