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Glutamate Signaling and Filopodiagenesis of Astrocytoma Cells in Brain Cancers: Survey and Questions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172657. [PMID: 36078065 PMCID: PMC9454653 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are non-excitable cells in the CNS that can cause life-threatening astrocytoma tumors when they transform to cancerous cells. Perturbed homeostasis of the neurotransmitter glutamate is associated with astrocytoma tumor onset and progression, but the factors that govern this phenomenon are less known. Herein, we review possible mechanisms by which glutamate may act in facilitating the growth of projections in astrocytic cells. This review discusses the similarities and differences between the morphology of astrocytes and astrocytoma cells, and the role that dysregulation in glutamate and calcium signaling plays in the aberrant morphology of astrocytoma cells. Converging reports suggest that ionotropic glutamate receptors and voltage-gated calcium channels expressed in astrocytes may be responsible for the abnormal filopodiagenesis or process extension leading to astrocytoma cells’ infiltration throughout the brain.
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Tsukamoto S, Hlokoane O, Miyako K, Irie R, Sakai R, Oikawa M. Oxa-Michael-based divergent synthesis of artificial glutamate analogs. RSC Adv 2022; 12:22175-22179. [PMID: 36043066 PMCID: PMC9364357 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03744k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we report stereoselective generation of two skeletons, 1,3-dioxane and tetrahydropyranol, by oxa-Michael reaction as the key reaction from δ-hydroxyenone. The construction of the 1,3-dioxane skeleton, achieved through hemiacetal formation followed by oxa-Michael reaction from δ-hydroxyenone, was exploited to access structurally diverse heterotricyclic artificial glutamate analogs. On the other hand, formation of a novel tetrahydro-2H-pyranol skeleton was accomplished by the inverse reaction order: oxa-Michael reaction followed by hemiacetal formation. Thus, this study succeeded in showing that structural diversity in a compound collection can be acquired by interchanging the order of just two reactions. Among the skeletally diverse, heterotricyclic artificial glutamate analogs synthesized in this study, a neuronally active compound named TKM-50 was discovered in the mice in vivo assay. By interchanging the order of reactions, two types of skeletons were created and a neuroactive artificial glutamate analog was developed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Tsukamoto
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University Seto 22-2, Kanazawa-ku Yokohama 236-0027 Japan
| | - Oriel Hlokoane
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University Seto 22-2, Kanazawa-ku Yokohama 236-0027 Japan .,Department of Pharmacy, National University of Lesotho P.O. Roma 180 Maseru Lesotho
| | - Kei Miyako
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University Hakodate 041-8611 Japan
| | - Raku Irie
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University Seto 22-2, Kanazawa-ku Yokohama 236-0027 Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sakai
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University Hakodate 041-8611 Japan
| | - Masato Oikawa
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University Seto 22-2, Kanazawa-ku Yokohama 236-0027 Japan
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3
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Chemical characterizations of neurotransmission receptors of human and plant to unfold the evolutionary relationships among them. Comput Biol Chem 2022; 98:107685. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2022.107685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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4
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Nerella SG, Singh P, Tulja S. Carbon-11 patents (2012-2022): synthetic methodologies and novel radiotracers for PET imaging. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2022; 32:817-831. [PMID: 35451896 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2022.2070003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Carbon-11 is a short-lived radionuclide with versatile applications in synthetic methodologies to develop a variety of novel PET radiotracers. Different primary and secondary carbon-11 precursors are generated from cyclotron produced [11C]CO2 and used to insert carbon-11 radionuclide into the target specific bioactive molecules. AREAS COVERED In this review, the patents as well as specific research articles on carbon-11 radiotracer synthesis and PET imaging applications in various diseases are mentioned since 2012 to 2022 through SciFinder database. EXPERT OPINION Carbon-11 is generally easier to insert into more organic scaffolds as a greater variety of functional groups. Despite the short half-life of carbon-11 radionuclide (t1/2 = 20.4 min), it is widely used in PET radiotracer development due to its direct insertion into bioactive compounds and less isotopic dilution unlike other positron emitters like fluorine-18. Various synthons can be easily generated using the primary and secondary carbon-11 precursors like [11C]CO2, [11C]CH4, 11CH3I, 11CO, 11COCl2, 11CN, 11CS2, and 11CH3OTf etc. that would be useful to develop any PET radiotracers by adapting various organic methods. The carbon-11 radiotracers provide target-oriented information associated with the pharmacology, and physiological conditions of the disease status. Various protocols and automated methods were adapted for easy and convenient synthesis of carbon-11 radiotracers. The PET advances drug development and clinical trials by revealing biological target engagement, proof of mechanism, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic profiles of new drug candidates using selective radiotracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Goud Nerella
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NI & IR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru-560 029, India.,Current address; Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda-20892, USA
| | - Priti Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500 037, India
| | - Sanam Tulja
- Department of Microbiology and Applied Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore-560 065, India
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Zeng Q, Liu J, Wang C, Wang H, Zhang L, Hu J, Bao L, Wang S. High-quality reannotation of the king scallop genome reveals no 'gene-rich' feature and evolution of toxin resistance. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:4954-4960. [PMID: 34527199 PMCID: PMC8437780 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The king scallop, Pecten maximus is a well-known, commercially important scallop species and is featured with remarkable tolerance to potent phytotoxins such as domoic acid. A high-quality genome can shed light on its biology and innovative evolution of toxin resistance. A reference genome has recently been published for P. maximus, however, it is suspicious that over 67,700 genes are annotated in this genome, which is unexpectedly larger than its close relatives of pectinids. Herein, we provide an improved high-quality chromosome-level reference genome assembly and annotation for the king scallop P. maximus. A final set of 26,995 genes is annotated after carefully checking and curation of the predicted gene models, which significantly improves the accuracy of gene structure information. The large number of gene duplicates in the previous genome is mainly distorted by the fragmented annotation. Through integrated genomic, evolutionary and transcriptomic analyses, we reveal that the Phi subfamily of ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are well preserved in molluscs, and P. maximus experienced the rapid expansion of the Phi class of iGluR (GluF) gene family. The GluF genes exhibit ubiquitously high expression and altered sequence characteristics for ligand selectivity, which may contribute to the remarkable tolerance to neurotoxins in P. maximus. Taken together, our study disapproves the previous claim of the 'gene-rich' genome of this species and provides a high-quality genome assembly for further understanding of its biology and evolution of toxin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifan Zeng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding and Sars-Fang Centre, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding and Sars-Fang Centre, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chunde Wang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research and Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Hao Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding and Sars-Fang Centre, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding and Sars-Fang Centre, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jingjie Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding and Sars-Fang Centre, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory of Tropical Marine Germplasm Resources and Breeding Engineering, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Lisui Bao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding and Sars-Fang Centre, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shi Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding and Sars-Fang Centre, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Laboratory of Tropical Marine Germplasm Resources and Breeding Engineering, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572000, China
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6
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Ramos-Vicente D, Grant SG, Bayés À. Metazoan evolution and diversity of glutamate receptors and their auxiliary subunits. Neuropharmacology 2021; 195:108640. [PMID: 34116111 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in vertebrate and invertebrate nervous systems. Proteins involved in glutamatergic neurotransmission, and chiefly glutamate receptors and their auxiliary subunits, play key roles in nervous system function. Thus, understanding their evolution and uncovering their diversity is essential to comprehend how nervous systems evolved, shaping cognitive function. Comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of these proteins across metazoans have revealed that their evolution is much more complex than what can be anticipated from vertebrate genomes. This is particularly true for ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs), as their current classification into 6 classes (AMPA, Kainate, Delta, NMDA1, NMDA2 and NMDA3) would be largely incomplete. New work proposes a classification of iGluRs into 4 subfamilies that encompass 10 classes. Vertebrate AMPA, Kainate and Delta receptors would belong to one of these subfamilies, named AKDF, the NMDA subunits would constitute another subfamily and non-vertebrate iGluRs would be organised into the previously unreported Epsilon and Lambda subfamilies. Similarly, the animal evolution of metabotropic glutamate receptors has resulted in the formation of four classes of these receptors, instead of the three currently recognised. Here we review our current knowledge on the animal evolution of glutamate receptors and their auxiliary subunits. This article is part of the special issue on 'Glutamate Receptors - Orphan iGluRs'.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ramos-Vicente
- Molecular Physiology of the Synapse Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Seth Gn Grant
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK; Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain (SIDB), Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Àlex Bayés
- Molecular Physiology of the Synapse Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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7
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Ashourpour F, Jafari A, Babaei P. Co-treatment of AMPA endocytosis inhibitor and GluN2B antagonist facilitate consolidation and retrieval of memory impaired by β amyloid peptide. Int J Neurosci 2020; 132:714-723. [PMID: 33115292 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1837800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutamate neurotransmission stands as an important issue to minimize memory impairment. We investigated the effects of an inhibitor of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isozazole propionic acid receptors (AMPA) endocytosis and GluN2B subunit of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDA), either isolated or combined, on memory impairments induced by Amyloid beta1-42 (Aβ). METHODS Eighty male Wistar rats were used for two experiments of consolidation and retrieval of memory. Memory impairment was induced by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of Aβ1-42 (2 μg/μl), and evaluated using Morris Water Maze (MWM). Each experiment consisted of 5 groups: Saline + Saline, Aβ + Saline, Aβ + Ifenprodil (Ifen, 3 nmol/ICV), Aβ +Tat-GluR23Y (3 µmol/kg/IP), and Aβ1 +Ifen + Tat-GluR23Y. Then, hippocampal cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) was measured by western blotting. Data were analyzed by Analysis of variance (ANOVA) repeated measure, and one-way Anova followed by Tukey's post hoc test. RESULTS During retrieval, Aβ+ Tat-GluR23Y showed significant improvement in total time spent (TTS) in the target quadrant (p = 0.009), escape latency to a platform (p = 0.008) and hippocampal level of CREB (p = 0.006) compared with Aβ + saline. Also, coadministration of Tat-GluR23Yand Ifen similar to Tat-GluR23Y alone caused significant improvement in TTS (p = 0.014) and latency to platform (p = 0.013). During consolidation, shorter escape latency (p = 0.001), longer TTS (p = 0.002) and higher level of hippocampal CREB were observed in the Aβ + Tat-GluR23Y (p = 0.001) and Aβ+ Tat-GluR23Y + Ifen (p = 0.017), respectively. CONCLUSION The present study provides pieces of evidence that inhibition of AMPARs endocytosis using Tat-GluR23Y facilitates memory consolidation and retrieval in Aβ induced memory impairment via the CREB signaling pathway.[Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ashourpour
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Adele Jafari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Parvin Babaei
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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8
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Burggraaff L, van Veen A, Lam CC, van Vlijmen HWT, IJzerman AP, van Westen GJP. Annotation of Allosteric Compounds to Enhance Bioactivity Modeling for Class A GPCRs. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:4664-4672. [PMID: 32931270 PMCID: PMC7592116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Proteins often have both orthosteric and allosteric binding sites. Endogenous ligands, such as hormones and neurotransmitters, bind to the orthosteric site, while synthetic ligands may bind to orthosteric or allosteric sites, which has become a focal point in drug discovery. Usually, such allosteric modulators bind to a protein noncompetitively with its endogenous ligand or substrate. The growing interest in allosteric modulators has resulted in a substantial increase of these entities and their features such as binding data in chemical libraries and databases. Although this data surge fuels research focused on allosteric modulators, binding data is unfortunately not always clearly indicated as being allosteric or orthosteric. Therefore, allosteric binding data is difficult to retrieve from databases that contain a mixture of allosteric and orthosteric compounds. This decreases model performance when statistical methods, such as machine learning models, are applied. In previous work we generated an allosteric data subset of ChEMBL release 14. In the current study an improved text mining approach is used to retrieve the allosteric and orthosteric binding types from the literature in ChEMBL release 22. Moreover, convolutional deep neural networks were constructed to predict the binding types of compounds for class A G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Temporal split validation showed the model predictiveness with Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) = 0.54, sensitivity allosteric = 0.54, and sensitivity orthosteric = 0.94. Finally, this study shows that the inclusion of accurate binding types increases binding predictions by including them as descriptor (MCC = 0.27 improved to MCC = 0.34; validated for class A GPCRs, trained on all GPCRs). Although the focus of this study is mainly on class A GPCRs, binding types for all protein classes in ChEMBL were obtained and explored. The data set is included as a supplement to this study, allowing the reader to select the compounds and binding types of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Burggraaff
- Division
of Drug Discovery & Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333
CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Amber van Veen
- Division
of Drug Discovery & Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333
CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Chi Chung Lam
- Division
of Drug Discovery & Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333
CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Herman W. T. van Vlijmen
- Division
of Drug Discovery & Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333
CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Janssen
Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Adriaan P. IJzerman
- Division
of Drug Discovery & Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333
CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard J. P. van Westen
- Division
of Drug Discovery & Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333
CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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9
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Rajan R, Schepmann D, Schreiber JA, Seebohm G, Wünsch B. Synthesis of GluN2A-selective NMDA receptor antagonists with an electron-rich aromatic B-ring. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112939. [PMID: 33162207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glutamatergic N-Methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are heterotetrameric ion channels that can be comprised of different subunits. GluN2A subunit-containing NMDA receptors are associated with diseases like anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia. However, the exact contribution of these NMDA receptor subtypes is still unclear. To understand better the role of the GluN2A-containing receptors, novel ligands were designed. In co-crystallization with the isolated binding site, TCN-201 (1) and analogs adopt a U-shape conformation with parallel orientation of rings A and B. In order to increase the π/π-interactions between these rings, ring B of TCN-201 was replaced bioisosterically by different electron-rich thiazole, oxazole, and isoxazole heterocycles. The inhibitory activity was measured by two-electrode voltage clamp experiments with Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing GluN2A-containing NMDA receptors. It was found that 21c, 31a, 37a, and 37b were able to inhibit the ion channel. The isoxazole derivative 37b was the most potent negative allosteric modulator displaying 40% of the TCN-201 activity at a concentration of 10 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remya Rajan
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Julian A Schreiber
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany; Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 45, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Guiscard Seebohm
- Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 45, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149, Münster, Germany.
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10
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L-type Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel Modulators Inhibit Glutamate-Induced Morphology Changes in U118-MG Astrocytoma Cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 40:1429-1437. [PMID: 32172458 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00828-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate evokes physiological responses within the astrocytic network that lead to fine morphological changes. However, the mechanism by which astrocytes couple glutamate sensing with cellular calcium rise remains unclear. We tested a possible connection between L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (Cav) and glutamate-induced response in U118-MG astrocytoma cells. While astrocytoma cells differ from primary astrocytes, they demonstrate the same response to glutamate. In this study, the extension of U118-MG processes upon glutamate exposure was shown to depend on extracellular calcium entry via L-type Cav's. Drugs known to bind to the pore-forming subunit of Cav's decreased the astrocytic filopodia extension caused by glutamate, and ligands of the α2δ auxiliary subunit inhibited all process growth (e.g., gabapentinoids). The observed phenotypic responses suggest that α2δ is a main contributor to the role of Cavs in glutamate-dependent filopodiagenesis, thereby opening new avenues of research on the role of α2δ in astrocytic neurochemical signaling.
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Alieva AK, Rudenok MM, Novosadova EV, Vlasov IN, Arsenyeva EL, Rosinskaya AV, Grivennikov IA, Slominsky PA, Shadrina MI. Whole-Transcriptome Analysis of Dermal Fibroblasts, Derived from Three Pairs of Monozygotic Twins, Discordant for Parkinson's Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:284-293. [PMID: 31823283 PMCID: PMC7222158 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01452-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. In most cases, the development of the disease is sporadic and is not associated with any currently known mutations associated with PD. It is believed that changes associated with the epigenetic regulation of gene expression may play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease. The study of individuals with an almost identical genetic background, such as monozygotic twins, is one of the best approaches to the analysis of such changes. A whole-transcriptome analysis of dermal fibroblasts obtained from three pairs of monozygotic twins discordant for PD was carried out in this work. Twenty-nine differentially expressed genes were identified in the three pairs of twins. These genes were included in seven processes within two clusters, according to the results of an enrichment analysis. The cluster with the greatest statistical significance included processes associated with the regulation of the differentiation of fat cells, the action potential, and the regulation of glutamatergic synaptic transmission. The most significant genes, which occupied a central position in this cluster, were PTGS2, SCN9A, and GRIK2. These genes can be considered as potential candidate genes for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anelya Kh. Alieva
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Kurchatova sq, Moscow, 123182 Russia
| | - Margarita M. Rudenok
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Kurchatova sq, Moscow, 123182 Russia
| | - Ekaterina V. Novosadova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Kurchatova sq, Moscow, 123182 Russia
| | - Ivan N. Vlasov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Kurchatova sq, Moscow, 123182 Russia
| | - Elena L. Arsenyeva
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Kurchatova sq, Moscow, 123182 Russia
| | - Anna V. Rosinskaya
- State Public Health Institution Primorsk Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1, 57 Aleutskaya St, Vladivostok, 690091 Russia
| | - Igor A. Grivennikov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Kurchatova sq, Moscow, 123182 Russia
| | - Petr A. Slominsky
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Kurchatova sq, Moscow, 123182 Russia
| | - Maria I. Shadrina
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Kurchatova sq, Moscow, 123182 Russia
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12
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Lehnert SJ, Kess T, Bentzen P, Kent MP, Lien S, Gilbey J, Clément M, Jeffery NW, Waples RS, Bradbury IR. Genomic signatures and correlates of widespread population declines in salmon. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2996. [PMID: 31278264 PMCID: PMC6611788 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10972-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Global losses of biodiversity are occurring at an unprecedented rate, but causes are often unidentified. Genomic data provide an opportunity to isolate drivers of change and even predict future vulnerabilities. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations have declined range-wide, but factors responsible are poorly understood. Here, we reconstruct changes in effective population size (Ne) in recent decades for 172 range-wide populations using a linkage-based method. Across the North Atlantic, Ne has significantly declined in >60% of populations and declines are consistently temperature-associated. We identify significant polygenic associations with decline, involving genomic regions related to metabolic, developmental, and physiological processes. These regions exhibit changes in presumably adaptive diversity in declining populations consistent with contemporary shifts in body size and phenology. Genomic signatures of widespread population decline and associated risk scores allow direct and potentially predictive links between population fitness and genotype, highlighting the power of genomic resources to assess population vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Lehnert
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, 80 E White Hills Rd, St. John's, Newfoundland, A1C 5X1, Canada.
| | - T Kess
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, 80 E White Hills Rd, St. John's, Newfoundland, A1C 5X1, Canada
| | - P Bentzen
- Biology Department, Dalhousie University, 6050 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - M P Kent
- Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, 1430, Norway
| | - S Lien
- Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, 1430, Norway
| | - J Gilbey
- Marine Scotland Science, Freshwater Fisheries Laboratory, Faskally, Pitlochry, PH16 5LB, UK
| | - M Clément
- Centre for Fisheries Ecosystems Research, Fisheries and Marine Institute of Memorial University of Newfoundland, 155 Ridge Rd, St. John's, NL, A1C 5R3, Canada
- Labrador Institute, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 219 Hamilton River Rd, Happy Valley-Goose Bay, NL, A0P 1E0, Canada
| | - N W Jeffery
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, 1 Challenger Dr, Dartmouth, NS, B2Y 4A2, Canada
| | - R S Waples
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA
| | - I R Bradbury
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, 80 E White Hills Rd, St. John's, Newfoundland, A1C 5X1, Canada
- Biology Department, Dalhousie University, 6050 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
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13
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Yasuno Y, Hamada M, Yoshida Y, Shimamoto K, Shigeri Y, Akizawa T, Konishi M, Ohfune Y, Shinada T. Structure–activity relationship study at C9 position of kaitocephalin. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3543-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Vishnoi S, Raisuddin S, Parvez S. Modulatory effects of an NMDAR partial agonist in MK-801-induced memory impairment. Neuroscience 2015; 311:22-33. [PMID: 26454025 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Acute administration of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) non-competitive antagonist, MK-801, impairs novel object recognition (NOR), locomotor activity in open field (OF) and conditioned taste aversion (CTA) in rodents. NMDAR partial agonist d-cycloserine (DCS) reverses these effects in NOR and CTA via modulation of glutamatergic, cholinergic and dopaminergic systems. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effects of DCS, a partial NMDAR agonist, on NOR memory, locomotor activity, and CTA memory in Wistar rats on NMDA-glutamate receptor antagonism by MK-801. The potential involvement of dopaminergic and cholinergic systems in improving cognitive functions was explored. MK-801-induced cognitive deficits were assessed using NOR, OF and CTA paradigms. MK-801-induced dopamine release increase in acetylcholinesterase (AChE), mono amine oxidase (MAO) activity and increase in c-fos expression were also investigated. RESULTS The effects caused by MK-801 (0.2 mg/kg) were inhibited by administration of the NMDA receptor agonist DCS (15 mg/kg). NOR and CTA paradigms inhibited by MK-801 were attenuated by DCS administration. Moreover, DCS also blocked the MK-801-induced abnormal increase in dopamine content, AChE activity and MAO activity. However, c-fos overexpression was controlled to some extent only. CONCLUSIONS Based on the NMDAR hypo function hypothesis in some neuropsychiatric disorders, our finding suggests that improving NMDAR hypo function by agonist DCS may play a significant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vishnoi
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India
| | - S Raisuddin
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India
| | - S Parvez
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India.
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15
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Pinto A, Tamborini L, Mastronardi F, Ettari R, Safoz Y, Bunch L, Nielsen B, Jensen AA, De Micheli C, Conti P. Synthesis of (3-hydroxy-pyrazolin-5-yl)glycine based ligands interacting with ionotropic glutamate receptors. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 75:151-8. [PMID: 24531228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Following the concept that increasing the molecular complexity may enhance the receptor selectivity, we replaced the 3-hydroxy-isoxazoline ring of model compound tricholomic acid with a 3-hydroxy-pyrazoline ring, which could be variously decorated at the N1 position, inserting groups characterized by different electronic and steric properties. Binding assays on rat brain synaptic membranes showed that, depending on the nature of the substituent, some of the new synthesized ligands interacted with either AMPA or KA receptors, with affinities in the mid-micromolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pinto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Lucia Tamborini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Federica Mastronardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberta Ettari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Yeliz Safoz
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Lennart Bunch
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Nielsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Anders A Jensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Carlo De Micheli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Conti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
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16
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Abstract
This review covers the isolation, chemical structure, biological activity, structure activity relationships including synthesis of chemical probes, and pharmacological characterization of neuroactive marine natural products; 302 references are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Sakai
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan.
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17
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Juknaitė L, Sugamata Y, Tokiwa K, Ishikawa Y, Takamizawa S, Eng A, Sakai R, Pickering DS, Frydenvang K, Swanson GT, Kastrup JS, Oikawa M. Studies on an (S)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonist IKM-159: asymmetric synthesis, neuroactivity, and structural characterization. J Med Chem 2013; 56:2283-93. [PMID: 23432124 PMCID: PMC4485398 DOI: 10.1021/jm301590z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
IKM-159 was developed and identified as a member of a new class of heterotricyclic glutamate analogues that act as AMPA receptor-selective antagonists. However, it was not known which enantiomer of IKM-159 was responsible for its pharmacological activities. Here, we report in vivo and in vitro neuronal activities of both enantiomers of IKM-159 prepared by enantioselective asymmetric synthesis. By employment of (R)-2-amino-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol as a chiral auxiliary, (2R)-IKM-159 and the (2S)-counterpart were successfully synthesized in 0.70% and 1.5% yields, respectively, over a total of 18 steps. Both behavioral and electrophysiological assays showed that the biological activity observed for the racemic mixture was reproduced only with (2R)-IKM-159, whereas the (2S)-counterpart was inactive in both assays. Racemic IKM-159 was crystallized with the ligand-binding domain of GluA2, and the structure revealed a complex containing (2R)-IKM-159 at the glutamate binding site. (2R)-IKM-159 locks the GluA2 in an open form, consistent with a pharmacological action as competitive antagonist of AMPA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Juknaitė
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Yutaro Sugamata
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Seto 22-2, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Kazuya Tokiwa
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Seto 22-2, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Seto 22-2, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takamizawa
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Seto 22-2, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Andrew Eng
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Ryuichi Sakai
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
| | - Darryl S. Pickering
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Karla Frydenvang
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Geoffrey T. Swanson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Jette S. Kastrup
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Masato Oikawa
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Seto 22-2, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
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18
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Scelfo B, Politi M, Reniero F, Palosaari T, Whelan M, Zaldívar JM. Application of multielectrode array (MEA) chips for the evaluation of mixtures neurotoxicity. Toxicology 2012; 299:172-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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19
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Nerve sprouting contributes to increased severity of ventricular tachyarrhythmias by upregulating iGluRs in rats with healed myocardial necrotic injury. J Mol Neurosci 2012; 48:448-55. [PMID: 22383217 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9720-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sympathetic nerve sprouting in healed myocardial infarction (MI) has been associated with high incidences of lethal arrhythmias, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. This study sought to test that sympathetic hyperinnervation and/or MI remodels the myocardial glutamate signaling and ultimately increases the severity of ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Myocardial necrotic injury (MNI) was created by liquid nitrogen freeze-thawing across an intact diaphragm to mimic MI. Cardiac sympathetic hyperinnervation was induced by chronic subcutaneous injection of 4-methylcatechol, a potent stimulator of nerve growth factor expression. The results showed that sympathetic hyperinnervation with or without MNI upregulated the myocardial expression of ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs), including NMDA receptor (NMDAR) and AMPA receptor (AMPAR), and induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Intravenous infusion with either NMDA (12 mg/kg) or AMPA (15 mg/kg) triggered ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation in rats with healed MNI plus sympathetic hyperinnervation; these arrhythmias were prevented by respective antagonist of NMDAR or AMPAR. We conclude that MNI with sympathetic nerve sprouting upregulates the expression of NMDAR and AMPAR in the myocardium and this impact in turn enhances cardiac responses to stimulations of iGluRs and thus increases the incidence of ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
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20
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Unno M, Shinohara M, Takayama K, Tanaka H, Teruya K, Doh-ura K, Sakai R, Sasaki M, Ikeda-Saito M. Binding and selectivity of the marine toxin neodysiherbaine A and its synthetic analogues to GluK1 and GluK2 kainate receptors. J Mol Biol 2011; 413:667-83. [PMID: 21893069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Dysiherbaine (DH) and neodysiherbaine A (NDH) selectively bind and activate two kainate-type ionotropic glutamate receptors, GluK1 and GluK2. The ligand-binding domains of human GluK1 and GluK2 were crystallized as bound forms with a series of DH analogues including DH, NDH, 8-deoxy-NDH, 9-deoxy-NDH and 8,9-dideoxy-NDH (MSVIII-19), isolated from natural sources or prepared by total synthesis. Since the DH analogues exhibit a wide range of binding affinities and agonist efficacies, it follows that the detailed analysis of crystal structure would provide us with a significant opportunity to elucidate structural factors responsible for selective binding and some aspects of gating efficacy. We found that differences in three amino acids (Thr503, Ser706 and Ser726 in GluK1 and Ala487, Asn690 and Thr710 in GluK2) in the ligand-binding pocket generate differences in the binding modes of NDH to GluK1 and GluK2. Furthermore, deletion of the C(9) hydroxy group in NDH alters the ligand conformation such that it is no longer suited for binding to the GluK1 ligand-binding pocket. In GluK2, NDH pushes and rotates the side chain of Asn690 (substituted for Ser706 in GluK1) and disrupts an interdomain hydrogen bond with Glu409. The present data support the idea that receptor selectivities of DH analogues resulted from the differences in the binding modes of the ligands in GluK1/GluK2 and the steric repulsion of Asn690 in GluK2. All ligands, regardless of agonist efficacy, induced full domain closure. Consequently, ligand efficacy and domain closure did not directly coincide with DH analogues and the kainate receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Unno
- Frontier Research Center for Applied Atomic Sciences, Ibaraki University, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan.
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21
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Abstract
Calcium signal transduction is a central mechanism by which plants sense and respond to endogenous and environmental stimuli. Cytosolic Ca(2+) elevation is achieved via two cellular pathways, Ca(2+) influx through Ca(2+) channels in the plasma membrane and Ca(2+) release from intracellular Ca(2+) stores. Because of the significance of Ca(2+) channels in cellular signaling, interaction with the environment and developmental processes in plants, a great deal of effort has been invested in recent years with regard to these important membrane proteins. Because of limited space, in this review we focus on recent findings giving insight into both the molecular identity and physiological function of channels that have been suggested to be responsible for the elevation in cytosolic Ca(2+) level, including cyclic nucleotide gated channels, glutamate receptor homologs, two-pore channels and mechanosensitive Ca(2+) -permeable channels. We provide an overview of the regulation of these Ca(2+) channels and their physiological roles and discuss remaining questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Jammes
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
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22
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Ahmed SK, Etoga JLG, Patel SA, Bridges RJ, Thompson CM. Use of the hydantoin isostere to produce inhibitors showing selectivity toward the vesicular glutamate transporter versus the obligate exchange transporter system x(c)(-). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4358-62. [PMID: 21669531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Evidence was acquired prior to suggest that the vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) but not other glutamate transporters were inhibited by structures containing a weakly basic α-amino group. To test this hypothesis, a series of analogs using a hydantoin (pK(a)∼9.1) isostere were synthesized and analyzed as inhibitors of VGLUT and the obligate cystine-glutamate transporter (system x(c)(-)). Of the hydantoin analogs tested, a thiophene-5-carboxaldehyde analog 2l and a bis-hydantoin 4b were relatively strong inhibitors of VGLUT reducing uptake to less than 6% of control at 5mM but few inhibited system x(c)(-) greater than 50% of control. The benzene-2,4-disulfonic acid analog 2b and p-diaminobenzene analog 2e were also good hydantoin-based inhibitors of VGLUT reducing uptake by 11% and 23% of control, respectively, but neither analog was effective as a system x(c)(-) inhibitor. In sum, a hydantoin isostere adds the requisite chemical properties needed to produce selective inhibitors of VGLUT.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kaleem Ahmed
- Core Laboratory for Neuromolecular Production, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
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23
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Nasiripourdori A, Taly V, Grutter T, Taly A. From toxins targeting ligand gated ion channels to therapeutic molecules. Toxins (Basel) 2011; 3:260-93. [PMID: 22069709 PMCID: PMC3202823 DOI: 10.3390/toxins3030260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand-gated ion channels (LGIC) play a central role in inter-cellular communication. This key function has two consequences: (i) these receptor channels are major targets for drug discovery because of their potential involvement in numerous human brain diseases; (ii) they are often found to be the target of plant and animal toxins. Together this makes toxin/receptor interactions important to drug discovery projects. Therefore, toxins acting on LGIC are presented and their current/potential therapeutic uses highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valérie Taly
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires; ISIS/Université de Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR 7006, 8, allée Gaspard Monge, BP 70028, F-67083, Strasbourg Cedex, France;
| | - Thomas Grutter
- Laboratoire de Biophysicochimie des Récepteurs Canaux, UMR 7199 “Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives” CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin-BP 60024, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France;
| | - Antoine Taly
- Laboratoire de Biophysicochimie des Récepteurs Canaux, UMR 7199 “Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives” CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin-BP 60024, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France;
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24
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Gill MB, Frausto S, Ikoma M, Sasaki M, Oikawa M, Sakai R, Swanson GT. A series of structurally novel heterotricyclic alpha-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate receptor-selective antagonists. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 160:1417-29. [PMID: 20590632 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00784.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A new class of heterotricyclic glutamate analogues recently was generated by incorporating structural elements of two excitotoxic marine compounds, kainic acid and neodysiherbaine A. Rather than acting as convulsants, several of these 'IKM' compounds markedly depressed CNS activity in mice. Here, we characterize the pharmacological profile of the series with a focus on the most potent of these molecules, IKM-159. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The pharmacological activity and specificity of IKM compounds were characterized using whole-cell patch clamp recording from neurons and heterologous receptor expression systems, in combination with radioligand binding techniques. KEY RESULTS The majority of the IKM compounds tested reduced excitatory synaptic transmission in neuronal cultures, and IKM-159 inhibited synaptic currents from CA1 pyramidal neurons in hippocampal slices. IKM-159 inhibited glutamate-evoked whole-cell currents from recombinant GluA2- and GluA4-containing alpha-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate (AMPA) receptors most potently, whereas kainate and NMDA receptor currents were not reduced by IKM-159. Antagonism of steady-state currents was agonist concentration dependent, suggesting that its mechanism of action was competitive, although it paradoxically did not displace [(3)H]-AMPA from receptor binding sites. IKM-159 reduced spontaneous action potential firing in both cultured hippocampal neurons in control conditions and during hyperactive states in an in vitro model of status epilepticus. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS IKM-159 is an AMPA receptor-selective antagonist. IKM-159 and related nitrogen heterocycles represent structurally novel AMPA receptor antagonists with accessible synthetic pathways and potentially unique pharmacology, which could be of use in exploring the role of specific populations of receptors in neurophysiological and neuropathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Gill
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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25
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Pharmacological activity of C10-substituted analogs of the high-affinity kainate receptor agonist dysiherbaine. Neuropharmacology 2009; 58:640-9. [PMID: 19962997 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Revised: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Kainate receptor antagonists have potential as therapeutic agents in a number of neuropathologies. Synthetic modification of the convulsant marine toxin neodysiherbaine A (NDH) previously yielded molecules with a diverse set of pharmacological actions on kainate receptors. Here we characterize three new synthetic analogs of NDH that contain substituents at the C10 position in the pyran ring of the marine toxin. The analogs exhibited high-affinity binding to the GluK1 (GluR5) subunit and lower affinity binding to GluK2 (GluR6) and GluK3 (GluR7) subunits in radioligand displacement assays with recombinant kainate and AMPA receptors. As well, the natural toxin NDH exhibited approximately 100-fold selectivity for GluK2 over GluK3 subunits, which was attributable to the C8 hydroxyl group in NDH. We used molecular dynamic simulations to determine the specific interactions between NDH and residues within the ligand-binding domains of these two kainate receptor subunits that contribute to the divergent apparent affinities for the compound. These data demonstrate that interactions with the GluK1 subunit are preserved in analogs with substitutions at C10 in NDH and further reveal the determinants of selectivity and pharmacological activity of molecules acting on kainate receptor subunits, which could aid in design of additional compounds that target these receptors.
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26
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Conformationally-restricted amino acid analogues bearing a distal sulfonic acid show selective inhibition of system x(c)(-) over the vesicular glutamate transporter. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 20:2680-3. [PMID: 20303751 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Revised: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A panel of amino acid analogs and conformationally-restricted amino acids bearing a sulfonic acid were synthesized and tested for their ability to preferentially inhibit the obligate cysteine-glutamate transporter system x(c)(-) versus the vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT). Several promising candidate molecules were identified: R/S-4-[4'-carboxyphenyl]-phenylglycine, a biphenyl substituted analog of 4-carboxyphenylglycine and 2-thiopheneglycine-5-sulfonic acid both of which reduced glutamate uptake at system x(c)(-) by 70-75% while having modest to no effect on glutamate uptake at VGLUT.
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