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Laghezza A, Cerchia C, Genovese M, Leuci R, Pranzini E, Santi A, Brunetti L, Piemontese L, Tortorella P, Biswas A, Singh RP, Tambe S, Ca S, Pattnaik AK, Jayaprakash V, Paoli P, Lavecchia A, Loiodice F. A New Antidiabetic Agent Showing Short- and Long-Term Effects Due to Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha/Gamma Dual Agonism and Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier Inhibition. J Med Chem 2023; 66:3566-3587. [PMID: 36790935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c02093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
A new series of analogues or derivatives of the previously reported PPARα/γ dual agonist LT175 allowed the identification of ligand 10, which was able to potently activate both PPARα and -γ subtypes as full and partial agonists, respectively. Docking studies were performed to provide a molecular explanation for this different behavior on the two different targets. In vivo experiments showed that this compound induced a significant reduction in blood glucose and lipid levels in an STZ-induced diabetic mouse model displaying no toxic effects on bone, kidney, and liver. By examining in depth the antihyperglycemic activity of 10, we found out that it produced a slight but significant inhibition of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier, acting also through insulin-independent mechanisms. This is the first example of a PPARα/γ dual agonist reported to show this inhibitory effect representing, therefore, the potential lead of a new class of drugs for treatment of dyslipidemic type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Laghezza
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Carmen Cerchia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, "Drug Discovery" Laboratory, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Massimo Genovese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Sezione di Scienze Biochimiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Rosalba Leuci
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Erica Pranzini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Sezione di Scienze Biochimiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Alice Santi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Sezione di Scienze Biochimiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Leonardo Brunetti
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Luca Piemontese
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Tortorella
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Abanish Biswas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215, India
| | - Ravi Pratap Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215, India
| | - Suhas Tambe
- Adgyl Lifesciences Private Ltd., Bengaluru 560058, India
| | - Sudeep Ca
- Bioanalytical Section, Eurofins Advinus Biopharma Services India Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru 560058, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Pattnaik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215, India
| | - Venkatesan Jayaprakash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215, India
| | - Paolo Paoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Sezione di Scienze Biochimiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Antonio Lavecchia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, "Drug Discovery" Laboratory, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fulvio Loiodice
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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To Probe Full and Partial Activation of Human Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors by Pan-Agonist Chiglitazar Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations. PPAR Res 2020; 2020:5314187. [PMID: 32308671 PMCID: PMC7152983 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5314187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chiglitazar is a promising new-generation insulin sensitizer with low reverse effects for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and has shown activity as a nonselective pan-agonist to the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) (i.e., full activation of PPARγ and a partial activation of PPARα and PPARβ/δ). Yet, it has no high-resolution complex structure with PPARs and its detailed interactions and activation mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we docked chiglitazar into three experimentally resolved crystal structures of hPPAR subtypes, PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ, followed by 3 μs molecular dynamics simulations for each system. Our MM-GBSA binding energy calculation revealed that chiglitazar most favorably bound to hPPARγ (-144.6 kcal/mol), followed by hPPARα (-138.0 kcal/mol) and hPPARβ (-135.9 kcal/mol), and the order is consistent with the experimental data. Through the decomposition of the MM-GBSA binding energy by residue and the use of two-dimensional interaction diagrams, key residues involved in the binding of chiglitazar were identified and characterized for each complex system. Additionally, our detailed dynamics analyses support that the conformation and dynamics of helix 12 play a critical role in determining the activities of the different types of ligands (e.g., full agonist vs. partial agonist). Rather than being bent fully in the direction of the agonist versus antagonist conformation, a partial agonist can adopt a more linear conformation and have a lower degree of flexibility. Our finding may aid in further development of this new generation of medication.
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Development of Fibrates as Important Scaffolds in Medicinal Chemistry. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1051-1066. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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D'Aniello E, Fellous T, Iannotti FA, Gentile A, Allarà M, Balestrieri F, Gray R, Amodeo P, Vitale RM, Di Marzo V. Identification and characterization of phytocannabinoids as novel dual PPARα/γ agonists by a computational and in vitro experimental approach. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:586-597. [PMID: 30611848 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nuclear Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors playing a fundamental role in energy homeostasis and metabolism. Consequently, functional impairment or dysregulation of these receptors lead to a variety of metabolic diseases. While some phytocannabinoids (pCBs) are known to activate PPARγ, no data have been reported so far on their possible activity at PPARα. METHODS The putative binding modes of pCBs into PPARα/γ Ligand Binding Domains were found and assessed by molecular docking and molecular dynamics. Luciferase assays validated in silico predictions whereas the biological effects of such PPARα/γ ligands were assessed in HepG2 and 3T3L1 cell cultures. RESULTS The in silico study identified cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) and cannabigerol (CBG) from C. sativa as PPARα/γ dual agonists, suggesting their binding modes toward PPARα/γ isoforms and predicting their activity as full or partial agonists. These predictions were confirmed by luciferase functional assays. The resulting effects on downstream gene transcription in adipocytes and hepatocytes were also observed, establishing their actions as functional dual agonists. CONCLUSIONS Our work broadens the activity spectrum of CBDA, CBGA and CBG by providing evidence that these pCBs act as dual PPARα/γ agonists with the ability to modulate the lipid metabolism. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Dual PPARα/γ agonists have emerged as an attractive alternative to selective PPAR agonists to treat metabolic disorders. We identified some pCBs as dual PPARα/γ agonists, potentially useful for the treatment of dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico D'Aniello
- Endocannabinoid Research Group (ERG), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (ICB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica "Anton Dohrn", 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Tariq Fellous
- Endocannabinoid Research Group (ERG), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (ICB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Fabio Arturo Iannotti
- Endocannabinoid Research Group (ERG), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (ICB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (ICB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Alessandra Gentile
- Endocannabinoid Research Group (ERG), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (ICB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Marco Allarà
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (ICB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; Epitech Group SpA, Saccolongo, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Balestrieri
- Endocannabinoid Research Group (ERG), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (ICB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Roy Gray
- GW Pharmaceuticals, Sovereign House, Vision Park, Histon, Cambridge CB24 9BZ, UK
| | - Pietro Amodeo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (ICB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Vitale
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (ICB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group (ERG), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (ICB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (ICB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada.
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Mandal SP, Garg A, Prabitha P, Wadhwani AD, Adhikary L, Kumar BRP. Novel glitazones as PPARγ agonists: molecular design, synthesis, glucose uptake activity and 3D QSAR studies. Chem Cent J 2018; 12:141. [PMID: 30569323 PMCID: PMC6768137 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-018-0508-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An alarming requirement for finding newer antidiabetic glitazones as agonists to PPARγ are on its utmost need from past few years as the side effects associated with the available drug therapy is dreadful. In this context, herein, we have made an attempt to develop some novel glitazones as PPARγ agonists, by rational and computer aided drug design approach by implementing the principles of bioisosterism. The designed glitazones are scored for similarity with the developed 3D pharmacophore model and subjected for docking studies against PPARγ proteins. Synthesized by adopting appropriate synthetic methodology and evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity and glucose uptake assay. Illustrations about the molecular design of glitazones, synthesis, analysis, glucose uptake activity and SAR via 3D QSAR studies are reported. RESULTS The computationally designed and synthesized ligands such as 2-(4-((substituted phenylimino)methyl)phenoxy)acetic acid derivatives were analysed by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and MS-spectral techniques. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity and glucose uptake assay on 3T3-L1 and L6 cells. Further the activity data was used to develop 3D QSAR model to establish structure activity relationships for glucose uptake activity via CoMSIA studies. CONCLUSION The results of pharmacophore, molecular docking study and in vitro evaluation of synthesized compounds were found to be in good correlation. Specifically, CPD03, 07, 08, 18, 19, 21 and 24 are the candidate glitazones exhibited significant glucose uptake activity. 3D-QSAR model revealed the scope for possible further modifications as part of optimisation to find potent anti-diabetic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhankar P Mandal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570 015, India
| | - Aakriti Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570 015, India
| | - P Prabitha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570 015, India
| | - Ashish D Wadhwani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund, 643 001, India
| | - Laxmi Adhikary
- Bioanalytical Division, Biocon Ltd, Bengaluru, 560 100, India
| | - B R Prashantha Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570 015, India.
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Laghezza A, Piemontese L, Cerchia C, Montanari R, Capelli D, Giudici M, Crestani M, Tortorella P, Peiretti F, Pochetti G, Lavecchia A, Loiodice F. Identification of the First PPARα/γ Dual Agonist Able To Bind to Canonical and Alternative Sites of PPARγ and To Inhibit Its Cdk5-Mediated Phosphorylation. J Med Chem 2018; 61:8282-8298. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Laghezza
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Luca Piemontese
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Carmen Cerchia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, “Drug Discovery” Laboratory, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Montanari
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Montelibretti, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione, Roma, Italy
| | - Davide Capelli
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Montelibretti, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione, Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Giudici
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Crestani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Tortorella
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Franck Peiretti
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, C2VN, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Giorgio Pochetti
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Montelibretti, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione, Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Lavecchia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, “Drug Discovery” Laboratory, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fulvio Loiodice
- Dipartimento Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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Roles of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma on Brain and Peripheral Inflammation. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 38:121-132. [PMID: 28975471 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) has been implicated in the pathology of numerous diseases involving diabetes, stroke, cancer, or obesity. It is expressed in diverse cell types, including vessels, immune and glial cells, and neurons. PPARγ plays crucial roles in the regulation of cellular differentiation, lipid metabolism, or glucose homeostasis. PPARγ ligands also exert effects on attenuating degenerative processes in the brain, as well as in peripheral systems, and it has been associated with the control of anti-inflammatory mechanisms, oxidative stress, neuronal death, neurogenesis, differentiation, and angiogenesis. This review will highlight key advances in the understanding of the PPARγ-related mechanisms responsible for neuroprotection after brain injuries, both ischemia and traumatic brain injury, and it will also cover the natural and synthetic agonist for PPARγ, angiotensin receptor blockers, and PPARγ antagonists, used in experimental and clinical research. A better understanding of the pleiotropic mechanisms and applications of these drugs to improve the recovery and to repair the acute and chronic induced neuroinflammation after brain injuries will pave the way for more effective therapeutic strategies after brain deficits.
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Piemontese L, Cerchia C, Laghezza A, Ziccardi P, Sblano S, Tortorella P, Iacobazzi V, Infantino V, Convertini P, Dal Piaz F, Lupo A, Colantuoni V, Lavecchia A, Loiodice F. New diphenylmethane derivatives as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha/gamma dual agonists endowed with anti-proliferative effects and mitochondrial activity. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 127:379-397. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Herbal SGR Formula Prevents Acute Ethanol-Induced Liver Steatosis via Inhibition of Lipogenesis and Enhancement Fatty Acid Oxidation in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:613584. [PMID: 26101535 PMCID: PMC4458561 DOI: 10.1155/2015/613584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study indicated that herbal SGR formula partially attenuates ethanol-induced fatty liver, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, mice were pretreated with SGR (100 and 200 mg/kg/d bw) for 30 d before being exposed to ethanol (4.8 g/kg bw). The biochemical indices and histopathological changes were examined to evaluate the protective effects and to explore potential mechanisms by investigating the adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and so forth. Results showed that SGR pretreatment markedly inhibited acute ethanol-induced liver steatosis, significantly reduced serum and hepatic triglyceride (TG) level, and improved classic histopathological changes. SGR suppressed the protein expression of hepatic SREBP-1c and TNF-α and increased adiponectin, PPAR-α, and AMPK phosphorylation in the liver. Meanwhile, acute toxicity tests showed that no death or toxic side effects within 14 days were observed upon oral administration of the extracts at a dose of 16 g/kg body wt. These results demonstrate that SGR could protect against acute alcohol-induced liver steatosis without any toxic side effects. Therefore, our studies provide novel molecular insights into the hepatoprotective effect of SGR formula, which may be exploited as a therapeutic agent for ethanol-induced hepatosteatosis.
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Gim HJ, Li H, Jeong JH, Lee SJ, Sung MK, Song MY, Park BH, Oh SJ, Ryu JH, Jeon R. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of alkoxy-3-indolylacetic acids as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ/δ agonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:3322-36. [PMID: 25982078 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of alkoxy-3-indolylacetic acid analogs has been discovered as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists. Structure-activity relationship study indicated that PPARα/γ/δ activities were dependent on the nature of the hydrophobic group, the attachment position of the alkoxy linker to the indole ring, and N-alkylation of indole nitrogen. Some compounds presented significant PPARγ/δ activity and molecular modeling suggested their putative binding modes in the ligand binding domain of PPARγ. Of these, compound 51 was selected for in vivo study via an evaluation of microsomal stability in mouse and human liver. Compound 51 lowered the levels of fasting blood glucose, insulin, and HbA1c without gain in body weight in db/db mice. When compound 51 was treated, hepatic triglycerides level and the size of adipocytes in white adipose tissue of db/db mice were also reduced as opposed to treatment with rosiglitazone. Taken together, compound 51 shows high potential warranting further studies in models for diabetes and related metabolic disorders and may be in use as a chemical tool for the understanding of PPAR biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jin Gim
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Chengpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hua Li
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Chengpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Jeong
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Chengpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jeong Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Chengpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Sung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Chengpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jin Oh
- Bio-Evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Chungbuk 363-833, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ha Ryu
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Chengpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Raok Jeon
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Chengpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea.
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Piñero J, Queralt-Rosinach N, Bravo À, Deu-Pons J, Bauer-Mehren A, Baron M, Sanz F, Furlong LI. DisGeNET: a discovery platform for the dynamical exploration of human diseases and their genes. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2015; 2015:bav028. [PMID: 25877637 PMCID: PMC4397996 DOI: 10.1093/database/bav028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 622] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
DisGeNET is a comprehensive discovery platform designed to address a variety of questions concerning the genetic underpinning of human diseases. DisGeNET contains over 380 000 associations between >16 000 genes and 13 000 diseases, which makes it one of the largest repositories currently available of its kind. DisGeNET integrates expert-curated databases with text-mined data, covers information on Mendelian and complex diseases, and includes data from animal disease models. It features a score based on the supporting evidence to prioritize gene-disease associations. It is an open access resource available through a web interface, a Cytoscape plugin and as a Semantic Web resource. The web interface supports user-friendly data exploration and navigation. DisGeNET data can also be analysed via the DisGeNET Cytoscape plugin, and enriched with the annotations of other plugins of this popular network analysis software suite. Finally, the information contained in DisGeNET can be expanded and complemented using Semantic Web technologies and linked to a variety of resources already present in the Linked Data cloud. Hence, DisGeNET offers one of the most comprehensive collections of human gene-disease associations and a valuable set of tools for investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying diseases of genetic origin, designed to fulfill the needs of different user profiles, including bioinformaticians, biologists and health-care practitioners. Database URL: http://www.disgenet.org/
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Piñero
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Dr Aiguader 88, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED Informatics, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany and Scientific & Business Information Services, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Núria Queralt-Rosinach
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Dr Aiguader 88, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED Informatics, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany and Scientific & Business Information Services, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Àlex Bravo
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Dr Aiguader 88, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED Informatics, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany and Scientific & Business Information Services, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Jordi Deu-Pons
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Dr Aiguader 88, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED Informatics, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany and Scientific & Business Information Services, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Anna Bauer-Mehren
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Dr Aiguader 88, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED Informatics, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany and Scientific & Business Information Services, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Martin Baron
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Dr Aiguader 88, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED Informatics, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany and Scientific & Business Information Services, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Ferran Sanz
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Dr Aiguader 88, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED Informatics, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany and Scientific & Business Information Services, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Laura I Furlong
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Dr Aiguader 88, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED Informatics, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany and Scientific & Business Information Services, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
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12
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He ZX, Zhou ZW, Yang Y, Yang T, Pan SY, Qiu JX, Zhou SF. Overview of clinically approved oral antidiabetic agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 42:125-38. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xu He
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center & Sino-US Joint Laboratory for Medical Sciences; Guiyang Medical University; Guiyang China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; College of Pharmacy; University of South Florida; Tampa FL USA
| | - Yinxue Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery; General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University; Yinchuan China
| | - Tianxin Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine; University of Utah and Salt Lake Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - Si-Yuan Pan
- Department of Chinese Medicinal Pharmacology; School of Chinese Materia Medica; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Jia-Xuan Qiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; Nanchang China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; College of Pharmacy; University of South Florida; Tampa FL USA
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13
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Structural development studies of PPARs ligands based on tyrosine scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 89:817-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a class of bioisosteric oximes of the novel dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α/γ ligand LT175. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 90:583-94. [PMID: 25497132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects resulting from the introduction of an oxime group in place of the distal aromatic ring of the diphenyl moiety of LT175, previously reported as a PPARα/γ dual agonist, have been investigated. This modification allowed the identification of new bioisosteric ligands with fairly good activity on PPARα and fine-tuned moderate activity on PPARγ. For the most interesting compound (S)-3, docking studies in PPARα and PPARγ provided a molecular explanation for its different behavior as full and partial agonist of the two receptor isotypes, respectively. A further investigation of this compound was carried out performing gene expression studies on HepaRG cells. The results obtained allowed to hypothesize a possible mechanism through which this ligand could be useful in the treatment of metabolic disorders. The higher induction of the expression of some genes, compared to selective agonists, seems to confirm the importance of a dual PPARα/γ activity which probably involves a synergistic effect on both receptor subtypes.
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15
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Wang L, Waltenberger B, Pferschy-Wenzig EM, Blunder M, Liu X, Malainer C, Blazevic T, Schwaiger S, Rollinger JM, Heiss EH, Schuster D, Kopp B, Bauer R, Stuppner H, Dirsch VM, Atanasov AG. Natural product agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ): a review. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 92:73-89. [PMID: 25083916 PMCID: PMC4212005 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Agonists of the nuclear receptor PPARγ are therapeutically used to combat hyperglycaemia associated with the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. In spite of being effective in normalization of blood glucose levels, the currently used PPARγ agonists from the thiazolidinedione type have serious side effects, making the discovery of novel ligands highly relevant. Natural products have proven historically to be a promising pool of structures for drug discovery, and a significant research effort has recently been undertaken to explore the PPARγ-activating potential of a wide range of natural products originating from traditionally used medicinal plants or dietary sources. The majority of identified compounds are selective PPARγ modulators (SPPARMs), transactivating the expression of PPARγ-dependent reporter genes as partial agonists. Those natural PPARγ ligands have different binding modes to the receptor in comparison to the full thiazolidinedione agonists, and on some occasions activate in addition PPARα (e.g. genistein, biochanin A, sargaquinoic acid, sargahydroquinoic acid, resveratrol, amorphastilbol) or the PPARγ-dimer partner retinoid X receptor (RXR; e.g. the neolignans magnolol and honokiol). A number of in vivo studies suggest that some of the natural product activators of PPARγ (e.g. honokiol, amorfrutin 1, amorfrutin B, amorphastilbol) improve metabolic parameters in diabetic animal models, partly with reduced side effects in comparison to full thiazolidinedione agonists. The bioactivity pattern as well as the dietary use of several of the identified active compounds and plant extracts warrants future research regarding their therapeutic potential and the possibility to modulate PPARγ activation by dietary interventions or food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Wang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Waltenberger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Martina Blunder
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Austria
| | - Xin Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Tina Blazevic
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Schwaiger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Judith M Rollinger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elke H Heiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Brigitte Kopp
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Austria
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Austria
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16
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Rochette L, Zeller M, Cottin Y, Vergely C. Diabetes, oxidative stress and therapeutic strategies. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:2709-29. [PMID: 24905298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes has emerged as a major threat to health worldwide. SCOPE OF REVIEW The exact mechanisms underlying the disease are unknown; however, there is growing evidence that excess generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), largely due to hyperglycemia, causes oxidative stress in a variety of tissues. Oxidative stress results from either an increase in free radical production, or a decrease in endogenous antioxidant defenses, or both. ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are products of cellular metabolism and are well recognized for their dual role as both deleterious and beneficial species. In type 2 diabetic patients, oxidative stress is closely associated with chronic inflammation. Multiple signaling pathways contribute to the adverse effects of glucotoxicity on cellular functions. There are many endogenous factors (antioxidants, vitamins, antioxidant enzymes, metal ion chelators) that can serve as endogenous modulators of the production and action of ROS. Clinical trials that investigated the effect of antioxidant vitamins on the progression of diabetic complications gave negative or inconclusive results. This lack of efficacy might also result from the fact that they were administered at a time when irreversible alterations in the redox status are already under way. Another strategy to modulate oxidative stress is to exploit the pleiotropic properties of drugs directed primarily at other targets and thus acting as indirect antioxidants. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS It appears important to develop new compounds that target key vascular ROS producing enzymes and mimic endogenous antioxidants. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This strategy might prove clinically relevant in preventing the development and/or retarding the progression of diabetes associated with vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Rochette
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-Métaboliques, INSERM UMR866, Université de Bourgogne, Facultés de Médecine et Pharmacie, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon, France.
| | - Marianne Zeller
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-Métaboliques, INSERM UMR866, Université de Bourgogne, Facultés de Médecine et Pharmacie, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - Yves Cottin
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-Métaboliques, INSERM UMR866, Université de Bourgogne, Facultés de Médecine et Pharmacie, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Vergely
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-Métaboliques, INSERM UMR866, Université de Bourgogne, Facultés de Médecine et Pharmacie, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon, France
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17
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Kohjimoto Y, Sasaki Y, Iguchi M, Matsumura N, Inagaki T, Hara I. Association of metabolic syndrome traits and severity of kidney stones: results from a nationwide survey on urolithiasis in Japan. Am J Kidney Dis 2013; 61:923-9. [PMID: 23433467 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2012.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although metabolic syndrome and its individual components have been associated with kidney stone disease, whether the clustering of metabolic syndrome traits increases the severity of kidney stone disease has not been examined in a large-scale study. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS Data were obtained from 30,448 patients enrolled in the 6th Nationwide Survey on Urolithiasis in Japan conducted in 2005. Patients with lower urinary tract stones, struvite stones, cystine stones, or hyperparathyroidism and those younger than 15 years were excluded. PREDICTOR Number of metabolic syndrome traits (obesity [body mass index ≥25 kg/m(2)], diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia). OUTCOMES Severe form of kidney stone disease, defined as recurrent and/or multiple stones, and abnormalities in urine constituents (hypercalciuria, hyperuricosuria, hyperoxaluria, and hypocitraturia). RESULTS 11,555 patients were included in the final analyses. Proportions of patients with recurrent and/or multiple stones were 57.7%, 61.7%, 65.2%, 69.3%, and 73.3% with 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 metabolic syndrome traits, respectively (P < 0.001). There was a significant and stepwise increase in the odds of recurrent and/or multiple stones after adjustment for age and sex. In patients with 4 metabolic syndrome traits, the odds was 1.8-fold greater compared with patients with 0 traits (OR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.22-2.66). In addition, the presence of metabolic syndrome traits was associated with significantly increased odds of having hypercalciuria, hyperuricosuria, hyperoxaluria, and hypocitraturia after adjustment for age and sex. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional design, absence of dietary data, ill-defined diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome traits, and missing data for the majority of participants. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic syndrome trait clustering is associated with greater severity of kidney stone disease; increased urinary calcium, uric acid, and oxalate excretion; and decreased urinary citrate excretion. These results suggest that kidney stone disease should be regarded as a systemic disorder linked to metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Kohjimoto
- Department of Urology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
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18
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The discovery of novel isoflavone pan peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:766-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ramirez T, Tong M, Chen WC, Nguyen QG, Wands JR, de la Monte SM. Chronic alcohol-induced hepatic insulin resistance and endoplasmic reticulum stress ameliorated by peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor-δ agonist treatment. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 28:179-87. [PMID: 22988930 PMCID: PMC4406771 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2012.07256.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Chronic alcoholic liver disease is associated with hepatic insulin resistance, dysregulated lipid metabolism with increased toxic lipid (ceramide) accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) agonists are insulin sensitizers that can restore hepatic insulin responsiveness in both alcohol and non-alcohol-related steatohepatitis. Herein, we demonstrate that treatment with a PPAR-δ agonist enhances insulin signaling and reduces the severities of ER stress and ceramide accumulation in an experimental model of ethanol-induced steatohepatitis. METHODS Adult male Long Evans rats were pair fed with isocaloric liquid diets containing 0% or 37% ethanol (caloric) for 8 weeks. After 3 weeks on the diets, rats were treated with vehicle or PPAR-δ agonist twice weekly by i.p. injection. RESULTS Ethanol-fed rats developed steatohepatitis with inhibition of signaling through the insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptors, and Akt activated pathways. Despite continued ethanol exposure, PPAR-δ agonist co-treatments increased Akt activation, reduced multiple molecular indices of ER stress and steatohepatitis. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that PPAR-δ agonist rescue of chronic alcoholic liver disease is mediated by enhancement of insulin signaling through Akt/metabolic pathways that reduce lipotoxicity and ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Ramirez
- Liver Research Center and Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA
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20
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Duszka K, Bogner-Strauss JG, Hackl H, Rieder D, Neuhold C, Prokesch A, Trajanoski Z, Krogsdam AM. Nr4a1 is required for fasting-induced down-regulation of Pparγ2 in white adipose tissue. Mol Endocrinol 2012; 27:135-49. [PMID: 23250487 DOI: 10.1210/me.2012-1248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of the nuclear receptor gene, Nur77 (Nr4a1), is induced in white adipose tissue (WAT) in response to β-adrenergic stimulation and fasting. Recently, Nur77 has been shown to play a gene regulatory role in the fasting response of several other major metabolic tissues. Here we investigated the effects of Nur77 on the WAT transcriptome after fasting. For this purpose, we performed gene expression profiling of WAT from wild-type and Nur77(-/-) mice submitted to prolonged fasting. Results revealed Nur77-dependent changes in expression profiles of 135 transcripts, many involved in insulin signaling, lipid and fatty acid metabolism, and glucose metabolism. Network analysis identified the deregulated genes Pparγ2 and Nur77 as central hubs and closely connected in the network, indicating overlapping biological function. We further assayed the expression level of Pparγ2 in a bigger cohort of fasted mice and found a significant Nur77-dependent down-regulation of Pparγ2 in the wild-type mice (P = 0.021, n = 10). Consistently, the expression of several known Pparγ2 targets, found among the Nur77-regulated genes (i.e. G0s2, Grp81, Fabp4, and Adipoq), were up-regulated in WAT of fasted Nur77(-/-) mice. Finally, we show with chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays that the Pparγ2 promoter is a direct target of Nurr-related 77-kDa protein (Nur77)-dependent repressive regulation and that the N-terminal domain of Nur77 is required for this regulation. In conclusion, we present data implicating Nur77 as a mediator of fasting-induced Pparγ2 regulation in WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalina Duszka
- Division of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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21
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Lee CY, Huang KH, Lin CC, Tsai TH, Shih HC. A neutral risk on the development of new-onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) in Taiwanese patients with dyslipidaemia treated with fibrates. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:392734. [PMID: 22919315 PMCID: PMC3417190 DOI: 10.1100/2012/392734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no data on the incidence of new-onset diabetes mellitus (NODM ) in nondiabetic dyslipidaemia patients treated with fibrates. The aim of our study was to clarify these issues, to investigate the relationship between NODM and fibrate and whether the fibrates lead to increased risk for developing NODM. A retrospective cohort study was conducted by analyzing the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID 2005) of the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) from 2005 to 2010 to investigate all fibrate prescriptions for patients with dyslipidaemia. We estimated the hazard ratios (HRs) of NODM associated with fibrate use. We identified 145 NODM patients among 3,815 dyslipidaemic patients in the database for the study period. The risk estimates for NODM for users of fenofibrate (HR 1.30; 95% CI 0.82, 2.05) and gemfibrozil (HR 0.771; 95% CI 0.49, 1.22) were not associated with an increased risk of developing NODM (P > 0.05). Our results revealed that patients with dyslipidaemia who took fenofibrate and gemfibrozil had a neutral risk of NODM. The reasons may be associated with the fibrates have the properties that activate PPARα and in some cases also activated PPARγ, leading to showing a neutral risk of NODM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ying Lee
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
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Emerging PPARγ-Independent Role of PPARγ Ligands in Lung Diseases. PPAR Res 2012; 2012:705352. [PMID: 22778711 PMCID: PMC3385049 DOI: 10.1155/2012/705352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-γ is a nuclear hormone receptor that is activated by multiple agonists including thiazolidinediones, prostaglandins, and synthetic oleanolic acids. Many PPARγ ligands are under investigation as potential therapies for human diseases. These ligands modulate multiple cellular pathways via both PPARγ-dependent and PPARγ-independent mechanisms. Here, we review the role of PPARγ and PPARγ ligands in lung disease, with emphasis on PPARγ-independent effects. PPARγ ligands show great promise in moderating lung inflammation, as antiproliferative agents in combination to enhance standard chemotherapy in lung cancer and as treatments for pulmonary fibrosis, a progressive fatal disease with no effective therapy. Some of these effects occur when PPARγ is pharmaceutically antagonized or genetically PPARγ and are thus independent of classical PPARγ-dependent transcriptional control. Many PPARγ ligands demonstrate direct binding to transcription factors and other proteins, altering their function and contributing to PPARγ-independent inhibition of disease phenotypes. These PPARγ-independent mechanisms are of significant interest because they suggest new therapeutic uses for currently approved drugs and because they can be used as probes to identify novel proteins and pathways involved in the pathogenesis or treatment of disease, which can then be targeted for further investigation and drug development.
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Abi Salloum B, Herkimer C, Lee JS, Veiga-Lopez A, Padmanabhan V. Developmental programming: prenatal and postnatal contribution of androgens and insulin in the reprogramming of estradiol positive feedback disruptions in prenatal testosterone-treated sheep. Endocrinology 2012; 153:2813-22. [PMID: 22454153 PMCID: PMC3359592 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-2074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal testosterone (T) excess compromises the estradiol (E(2)) positive feedback. This study tested the hypothesis that antagonizing androgen action or improving insulin sensitivity prenatally would prevent positive feedback disruptions from developing, whereas postnatal intervention with androgen antagonist or insulin sensitizer would ameliorate the severity of disruptions in prenatal T-treated females. The E(2) positive feedback response was tested at 16 wk of age in the following groups of animals: 1) control, 2) prenatal T, 3) prenatal T plus the androgen antagonist, flutamide, 4) prenatal T plus insulin sensitizer, rosiglitazone, 5) prenatal T and postnatal androgen antagonist, and 6) prenatal T and postnatal insulin sensitizer (n = 7-21 animals/group). Prenatal T treatment involved the administration of T propionate (100 mg, im) twice weekly from d 30 to 90 of gestation. Prenatal interventions involved daily sc administration of androgen antagonist (15 mg/kg) or oral administration of insulin sensitizer (8 mg) for the same duration. Postnatal treatments began at 8 wk of age and involved daily oral administration of androgen antagonist (15 mg/kg) or insulin sensitizer (0.11 mg/kg). None of the prenatal/postnatal interventions increased number of animals responding or prevented the time delay in LH surge response to the E(2) positive feedback challenge. In contrast, the postnatal treatment with androgen antagonist or insulin sensitizer increased total LH released in response to E(2) positive feedback challenge, compared with the T animals. Overall, these interventional studies indicate that timing and magnitude of the LH surge are programmed by different neuroendocrine mechanisms with postnatal androgens and insulin determining the size and prenatal estrogen likely the timing of the LH surge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bachir Abi Salloum
- Department of Pediatrics and Reproductive Sciences Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Demyanets S, Huber K, Wojta J. Vascular effects of glycoprotein130 ligands--part II: biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Vascul Pharmacol 2012; 57:29-40. [PMID: 22245786 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glycoprotein130 (gp130) ligands are defined by the use of the common receptor subunit gp130 and comprise interleukin (IL)-6, oncostatin M (OSM), IL-11, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), cardiotrophin-like cytokine (CLC), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), IL-27 and neuropoietin (NP). In part I of this review we addressed the pathophysiological functions of gp130 ligands with respect to the vascular wall. In part II of this review on the vascular effects of gp130 ligands we will discuss data about possible use of these molecules as biomarkers to predict development or progression of cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, the possibility to modulate circulating levels of gp130 ligands or their tissue expression by specific antibodies, soluble gp130 protein, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RASS) inhibitors, statins, agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), hormone replacement therapy, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) or lifestyle modulating strategies are presented. Recent knowledge about the application of recombinant cytokines from the gp130 cytokine family as therapeutic agents in obesity or atherosclerosis is also summarized. Thus the purpose of this review is to cover a possible usefulness of gp130 ligands as biomarkers and targets for therapy in cardiovascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Demyanets
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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25
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Ramirez T, Tong M, Ayala CA, Monfils PR, McMillan PN, Zabala V, Wands JR, de la Monte SM. Structural Correlates of PPAR Agonist Rescue of Experimental Chronic Alcohol-Induced Steatohepatitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 2. [PMID: 26339530 PMCID: PMC4554760 DOI: 10.4172/2161-0681.1000114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic alcoholic liver disease is associated with hepatic insulin resistance, inflammation, oxidative and ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and DNA damage. Peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) agonists are insulin sensitizers that have anti-inflammatory/anti-oxidant effects. We previously showed that PPAR agonists can restore hepatic insulin responsiveness in chronic ethanol-fed rats with steatohepatitis. Herein, we furthered our investigations by characterizing the histological and ultrastructural changes mediated by PPAR agonist rescue of alcohol-induced steatohepatitis. Adult male Long Evans rats were pair fed with isocaloric liquid diets containing 0% or 37% ethanol (caloric) for 8 weeks. After 3 weeks on the diets, rats were treated with vehicle, or a PPAR-α, PPAR-δ, or PPAR-γ agonist twice weekly by i.p. injection. Ethanol-fed rats developed steatohepatitis with disordered hepatic chord architecture, mega-mitochondria, disruption of the RER, increased apoptosis, and increased 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) and 3-nitrotyrosine (NTyr) immunoreactivity. PPAR-δ and PPAR-γ agonists reduced the severity of steatohepatitis, and restored the hepatic chord-like architectural, mitochondrial morphology, and RER organization, and the PPAR-δ agonist significantly reduced hepatic HNE. On the other hand, prominent RER tubule dilation, which could reflect ER stress, persisted in ethanol-exposed, PPAR-γ treated but not PPAR-δ treated livers. The PPAR-α agonist exacerbated both steatohepatitis and formation of mega-mitochondria, and it failed to restore RER architecture or lower biochemical indices of oxidative stress. In conclusion, improved hepatic insulin responsiveness and decreased inflammation resulting from PPAR-δ or PPAR-γ agonist treatments of alcohol-induced steatohepatitis are likely mediated by enhanced signaling through metabolic pathways with attendant reductions in ER stress, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Ramirez
- Liver Research Center and Departments of Medicine, Pathology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ming Tong
- Liver Research Center and Departments of Medicine, Pathology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Carol A Ayala
- Liver Research Center and Departments of Medicine, Pathology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Paul R Monfils
- Liver Research Center and Departments of Medicine, Pathology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Paul N McMillan
- Liver Research Center and Departments of Medicine, Pathology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Valerie Zabala
- Liver Research Center and Departments of Medicine, Pathology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jack R Wands
- Liver Research Center and Departments of Medicine, Pathology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Suzanne M de la Monte
- Liver Research Center and Departments of Medicine, Pathology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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