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Godfrey WH, Hwang S, Cho K, Shanmukha S, Gharibani P, Abramson E, Kornberg MD. Therapeutic potential of blocking GAPDH nitrosylation with CGP3466b in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Front Neurol 2023; 13:979659. [PMID: 36761918 PMCID: PMC9902867 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.979659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Although classically considered a demyelinating disease, neuroaxonal injury occurs in both the acute and chronic phases and represents a pathologic substrate of disability not targeted by current therapies. Nitric oxide (NO) generated by CNS macrophages and microglia contributes to neuroaxonal injury in all phases of MS, but candidate therapies that prevent NO-mediated injury have not been identified. Here, we demonstrate that the multifunctional protein glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is robustly nitrosylated in the CNS in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS. GAPDH nitrosylation is blocked in vivo with daily administration of CGP3466b, a CNS-penetrant compound with an established safety profile in humans. Consistent with the known role of nitrosylated GAPDH (SNO-GAPDH) in neuronal cell death, blockade of SNO-GAPDH with CGP3466b attenuates neurologic disability and reduces axonal injury in EAE independent of effects on the immune system. Our findings suggest that SNO-GAPDH contributes to neuroaxonal injury during neuroinflammation and identify CGP3466b as a candidate neuroprotective therapy in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley H. Godfrey
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Soonmyung Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kaho Cho
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shruthi Shanmukha
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Payam Gharibani
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Efrat Abramson
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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2
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Finelli MJ. Redox Post-translational Modifications of Protein Thiols in Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Conditions-Focus on S-Nitrosation. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:254. [PMID: 33088270 PMCID: PMC7497228 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species (RONS) are by-products of aerobic metabolism. RONS trigger a signaling cascade that can be transduced through oxidation-reduction (redox)-based post-translational modifications (redox PTMs) of protein thiols. This redox signaling is essential for normal cellular physiology and coordinately regulates the function of redox-sensitive proteins. It plays a particularly important role in the brain, which is a major producer of RONS. Aberrant redox PTMs of protein thiols can impair protein function and are associated with several diseases. This mini review article aims to evaluate the role of redox PTMs of protein thiols, in particular S-nitrosation, in brain aging, and in neurodegenerative diseases. It also discusses the potential of using redox-based therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattéa J Finelli
- School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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3
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Szökő É, Tábi T, Riederer P, Vécsei L, Magyar K. Pharmacological aspects of the neuroprotective effects of irreversible MAO-B inhibitors, selegiline and rasagiline, in Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:1735-1749. [PMID: 29417334 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1853-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The era of MAO-B inhibitors dates back more than 50 years. It began with Kálmán Magyar's outstanding discovery of the selective inhibitor, selegiline. This compound is still regarded as the gold standard of MAO-B inhibition, although newer drugs have also been introduced to the field. It was revealed early on that selective, even irreversible inhibition of MAO-B is free from the severe side effect of the non-selective MAO inhibitors, the potentiation of tyramine, resulting in the so-called 'cheese effect'. Since MAO-B is involved mainly in the degradation of dopamine, the inhibitors lack any antidepressant effect; however, they became first-line medications for the therapy of Parkinson's disease based on their dopamine-sparing activity. Extensive studies with selegiline indicated its complex pharmacological activity profile with MAO-B-independent mechanisms involved. Some of these beneficial effects, such as neuroprotective and antiapoptotic properties, were connected to its propargylamine structure. The second MAO-B inhibitor approved for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, rasagiline also possesses this structural element and shows similar pharmacological characteristics. The preclinical studies performed with selegiline and rasagiline are summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Szökő
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Tamás Tábi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Peter Riederer
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Magarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - László Vécsei
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, Szeged, 6725, Hungary. .,MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Semmelweis u. 6, Szeged, 6725, Hungary.
| | - Kálmán Magyar
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
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4
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Finberg JPM, Rabey JM. Inhibitors of MAO-A and MAO-B in Psychiatry and Neurology. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:340. [PMID: 27803666 PMCID: PMC5067815 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of MAO-A and MAO-B are in clinical use for the treatment of psychiatric and neurological disorders respectively. Elucidation of the molecular structure of the active sites of the enzymes has enabled a precise determination of the way in which substrates and inhibitor molecules are metabolized, or inhibit metabolism of substrates, respectively. Despite the knowledge of the strong antidepressant efficacy of irreversible MAO inhibitors, their clinical use has been limited by their side effect of potentiation of the cardiovascular effects of dietary amines (“cheese effect”). A number of reversible MAO-A inhibitors which are devoid of cheese effect have been described in the literature, but only one, moclobemide, is currently in clinical use. The irreversible inhibitors of MAO-B, selegiline and rasagiline, are used clinically in treatment of Parkinson's disease, and a recently introduced reversible MAO-B inhibitor, safinamide, has also been found efficacious. Modification of the pharmacokinetic characteristics of selegiline by transdermal administration has led to the development of a new drug form for treatment of depression. The clinical potential of MAO inhibitors together with detailed knowledge of the enzyme's binding site structure should lead to future developments with these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P M Finberg
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology Haifa, Israel
| | - Jose M Rabey
- Assaf Harofe Medical Center, Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv, Israel
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5
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Snider NT, Portney DA, Willcockson HH, Maitra D, Martin HC, Greenson JK, Omary MB. Ethanol and Acetaminophen Synergistically Induce Hepatic Aggregation and TCH346-Insensitive Nuclear Translocation of GAPDH. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160982. [PMID: 27513663 PMCID: PMC4981434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) signals during cellular stress via several post-translational modifications that change its folding properties, protein-protein interactions and sub-cellular localization. We examined GAPDH properties in acute mouse liver injury due to ethanol and/or acetaminophen (APAP) treatment. Synergistic robust and time-dependent nuclear accumulation and aggregation of GAPDH were observed only in combined, but not individual, ethanol/APAP treatments. The small molecule GAPDH-targeting compound TCH346 partially attenuated liver damage possibly via mitochondrial mechanisms, and independent of nuclear accumulation and aggregation of GAPDH. These findings provide a novel potential mechanism for hepatotoxicity caused by combined alcohol and acetaminophen exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha T. Snider
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Daniel A. Portney
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States of America
| | - Helen H. Willcockson
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States of America
| | - Dhiman Maitra
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States of America
| | - Hope C. Martin
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States of America
| | - Joel K. Greenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States of America
| | - M. Bishr Omary
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States of America
- Veterans Administration Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, United States of America
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Antidepressant action of ketamine via mTOR is mediated by inhibition of nitrergic Rheb degradation. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:313-9. [PMID: 26782056 PMCID: PMC4830355 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As traditional antidepressants act only after weeks/months, the discovery that ketamine, an antagonist of glutamate/N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, elicits antidepressant actions in hours has been transformative. Its mechanism of action has been elusive, though enhanced mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is a major feature. We report a novel signaling pathway wherein NMDA receptor activation stimulates generation of nitric oxide (NO), which S-nitrosylates glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Nitrosylated GAPDH complexes with the ubiquitin-E3-ligase Siah1 and Rheb, a small G protein that activates mTOR. Siah1 degrades Rheb leading to reduced mTOR signaling, while ketamine, conversely, stabilizes Rheb that enhances mTOR signaling. Drugs selectively targeting components of this pathway may offer novel approaches to the treatment of depression.
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Nakamura T, Lipton SA. Protein S-Nitrosylation as a Therapeutic Target for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 37:73-84. [PMID: 26707925 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
At physiological levels, nitric oxide (NO) contributes to the maintenance of normal neuronal activity and survival, thus serving as an important regulatory mechanism in the central nervous system. By contrast, accumulating evidence suggests that exposure to environmental toxins or the normal aging process can trigger excessive production of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (such as NO), contributing to the etiology of several neurodegenerative diseases. We highlight here protein S-nitrosylation, resulting from covalent attachment of an NO group to a cysteine thiol of the target protein, as a ubiquitous effector of NO signaling in both health and disease. We review our current understanding of this redox-dependent post-translational modification under neurodegenerative conditions, and evaluate how targeting dysregulated protein S-nitrosylation can lead to novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stuart A Lipton
- Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA.
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8
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Yu Q, Sali A, Van der Meulen J, Creeden BK, Gordish-Dressman H, Rutkowski A, Rayavarapu S, Uaesoontrachoon K, Huynh T, Nagaraju K, Spurney CF. Omigapil treatment decreases fibrosis and improves respiratory rate in dy(2J) mouse model of congenital muscular dystrophy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65468. [PMID: 23762378 PMCID: PMC3675144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Congenital muscular dystrophy is a distinct group of diseases presenting with weakness in infancy or childhood and no current therapy. One form, MDC1A, is the result of laminin alpha-2 deficiency and results in significant weakness, respiratory insufficiency and early death. Modification of apoptosis is one potential pathway for therapy in these patients. Methods dy2J mice were treated with vehicle, 0.1 mg/kg or 1 mg/kg of omigapil daily via oral gavage over 17.5 weeks. Untreated age matched BL6 mice were used as controls. Functional, behavioral and histological measurements were collected. Results dy2J mice treated with omigapil showed improved respiratory rates compared to vehicle treated dy2J mice (396 to 402 vs. 371 breaths per minute, p<0.03) and similar to control mice. There were no statistical differences in normalized forelimb grip strength between dy2J and controls at baseline or after 17.5 weeks and no significant differences seen among the dy2J treatment groups. At 30–33 weeks of age, dy2J mice treated with 0.1 mg/kg omigapil showed significantly more movement time and less rest time compared to vehicle treated. dy2J mice showed normal cardiac systolic function throughout the trial. dy2J mice had significantly lower hindlimb maximal (p<0.001) and specific force (p<0.002) compared to the control group at the end of the trial. There were no statistically significant differences in maximal or specific force among treatments. dy2J mice treated with 0.1 mg/kg/day omigapil showed decreased percent fibrosis in both gastrocnemius (p<0.03) and diaphragm (p<0.001) compared to vehicle, and in diaphragm (p<0.013) when compared to 1 mg/kg/day omigapil treated mice. Omigapil treated dy2J mice demonstrated decreased apoptosis. Conclusion Omigapil therapy (0.1 mg/kg) improved respiratory rate and decreased skeletal and respiratory muscle fibrosis in dy2J mice. These results support a putative role for the use of omigapil in laminin deficient congenital muscular dystrophy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yu
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Arpana Sali
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Jack Van der Meulen
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Brittany K. Creeden
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Heather Gordish-Dressman
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Anne Rutkowski
- Kaiser SCPMG, Cure CMD, Olathe, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Sree Rayavarapu
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Kitipong Uaesoontrachoon
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Tony Huynh
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Kanneboyina Nagaraju
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Christopher F. Spurney
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC, United States of America
- Division of Cardiology, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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9
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The diverse functions of GAPDH: views from different subcellular compartments. Cell Signal 2010; 23:317-23. [PMID: 20727968 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 444] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiple roles for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) have been recently appreciated. In addition to the cytoplasm where the majority of GAPDH is located under the basal condition, GAPDH is also found in the particulate fractions, such as the nucleus, the mitochondria, and the small vesicular fractions. When cells are exposed to various stressors, dynamic subcellular re-distribution of GAPDH occurs. Here we review these multifunctional properties of GAPDH, especially linking them to its oligomerization, posttranslational modification, and subcellular localization. This includes mechanistic descriptions of how S-nitrosylation of GAPDH under oxidative stress may lead to cell death/dysfunction via nuclear translocation of GAPDH, which is counteracted by a cytosolic GOSPEL. GAPDH is also involved in various diseases, especially neurodegenerative disorders and cancers. Therapeutic strategies to these conditions based on molecular understanding of GAPDH are discussed.
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10
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Sen N, Hara MR, Ahmad AS, Cascio MB, Kamiya A, Ehmsen JT, Agrawal N, Aggrawal N, Hester L, Doré S, Snyder SH, Sawa A. GOSPEL: a neuroprotective protein that binds to GAPDH upon S-nitrosylation. Neuron 2009; 63:81-91. [PMID: 19607794 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2009.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Revised: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 05/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported a cell death cascade whereby cellular stressors activate nitric oxide formation leading to S-nitrosylation of GAPDH that binds to Siah and translocates to the nucleus. The nuclear GAPDH/Siah complex augments p300/CBP-associated acetylation of nuclear proteins, including p53, which mediate cell death. We report a 52 kDa cytosolic protein, GOSPEL, which physiologically binds GAPDH, in competition with Siah, retaining GAPDH in the cytosol and preventing its nuclear translocation. GOSPEL is neuroprotective, as its overexpression prevents NMDA-glutamate excitotoxicity while its depletion enhances death in primary neuron cultures. S-nitrosylation of GOSPEL at cysteine 47 enhances GAPDH-GOSPEL binding and the neuroprotective actions of GOSPEL. In intact mice, virally delivered GOSPEL selectively diminishes NMDA neurotoxicity. Thus, GOSPEL may physiologically regulate the viability of neurons and other cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilkantha Sen
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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11
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Cong Z, Miki T, Urakawa O, Nishino H. Synthesis of Dibenz[b,f]oxepins via Manganese(III)-Based Oxidative 1,2-Radical Rearrangement. J Org Chem 2009; 74:3978-81. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9002773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Cong
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami 2-39-1, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Takumi Miki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami 2-39-1, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Osamu Urakawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami 2-39-1, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami 2-39-1, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
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12
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Sen N, Hara MR, Kornberg MD, Cascio MB, Bae BI, Shahani N, Thomas B, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, Snyder SH, Sawa A. Nitric oxide-induced nuclear GAPDH activates p300/CBP and mediates apoptosis. Nat Cell Biol 2008; 10:866-73. [PMID: 18552833 DOI: 10.1038/ncb1747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Accepted: 05/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Besides its role in glycolysis, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) initiates a cell death cascade. Diverse apoptotic stimuli activate inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) or neuronal NOS (nNOS), with the generated nitric oxide (NO) S-nitrosylating GAPDH, abolishing its catalytic activity and conferring on it the ability to bind to Siah1, an E3-ubiquitin-ligase with a nuclear localization signal (NLS). The GAPDH-Siah1 protein complex, in turn, translocates to the nucleus and mediates cell death; these processes are blocked by procedures that interfere with GAPDH-Siah1 binding. Nuclear events induced by GAPDH to kill cells have been obscure. Here we show that nuclear GAPDH is acetylated at Lys 160 by the acetyltransferase p300/CREB binding protein (CBP) through direct protein interaction, which in turn stimulates the acetylation and catalytic activity of p300/CBP. Consequently, downstream targets of p300/CBP, such as p53 (Refs 10,11,12,13,14,15), are activated and cause cell death. A dominant-negative mutant GAPDH with the substitution of Lys 160 to Arg (GAPDH-K160R) prevents activation of p300/CBP, blocks induction of apoptotic genes and decreases cell death. Our findings reveal a pathway in which NO-induced nuclear GAPDH mediates cell death through p300/CBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilkantha Sen
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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13
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Hara MR, Snyder SH. Nitric Oxide–GAPDH–Siah: A Novel Cell Death Cascade. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2006; 26:527-38. [PMID: 16633896 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-006-9011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2005] [Accepted: 02/03/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
1. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is an extremely abundant glycolytic enzyme, and exemplifies the class of proteins with multiple, seemingly unrelated functions. Recent studies indicate that it is a major intracellular messenger mediating apoptotic cell death. This paper reviews the GAPDH cell death cascade and discusses its clinical relevance. 2. A wide range of apoptotic stimuli activate NO formation, which S-nitrosylates GAPDH. The S-nitrosylation abolishes catalytic activity and confers upon GAPDH the ability to bind to Siah, an E3-ubiquitin-ligase, which translocates GAPDH to the nucleus. In the nucleus, GAPDH stabilizes the rapidly turning over Siah, enabling it to degrade selected target proteins and affect apoptosis. 3. The cytotoxicity of mutant Huntingtin (mHtt) requires nuclear translocation which appears to be mediated via a ternary complex of GAPDH-Siah-mHtt. The neuroprotective actions of the monoamine oxidase inhibitor R-(-)-deprenyl (deprenyl) reflect blockade of GAPDH-Siah binding. Thus, novel cytoprotective therapies may emerge from agents that prevent GAPDH-Siah binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto R Hara
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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14
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Hara MR, Thomas B, Cascio MB, Bae BI, Hester LD, Dawson VL, Dawson TM, Sawa A, Snyder SH. Neuroprotection by pharmacologic blockade of the GAPDH death cascade. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:3887-9. [PMID: 16505364 PMCID: PMC1450161 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0511321103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) participates in a cell death cascade wherein a variety of stimuli activate nitric oxide (NO) synthases with NO nitrosylating GAPDH, conferring on it the ability to bind to Siah, an E3-ubiquitin-ligase, whose nuclear localization signal enables the GAPDH/Siah protein complex to translocate to the nucleus where degradation of Siah targets elicits cell death. R-(-)-Deprenyl (deprenyl) ameliorates the progression of disability in early Parkinson's disease and also has neuroprotective actions. We show that deprenyl and a related agent, TCH346, in subnanomolar concentrations, prevent S-nitrosylation of GAPDH, the binding of GAPDH to Siah, and nuclear translocation of GAPDH. In mice treated with the dopamine neuronal toxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), low doses of deprenyl prevent binding of GAPDH and Siah1 in the dopamine-enriched corpus striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto R. Hara
- Departments of *Neuroscience
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Bobby Thomas
- Department of Neurology and Institute for Cell Engineering, and
| | | | | | | | - Valina L. Dawson
- Departments of *Neuroscience
- Department of Neurology and Institute for Cell Engineering, and
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Ted M. Dawson
- Departments of *Neuroscience
- Department of Neurology and Institute for Cell Engineering, and
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Akira Sawa
- Departments of *Neuroscience
- Psychiatry, and
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Solomon H. Snyder
- Departments of *Neuroscience
- Psychiatry, and
- Pharmacology
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
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15
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Hara MR, Agrawal N, Kim SF, Cascio MB, Fujimuro M, Ozeki Y, Takahashi M, Cheah JH, Tankou SK, Hester LD, Ferris CD, Hayward SD, Snyder SH, Sawa A. S-nitrosylated GAPDH initiates apoptotic cell death by nuclear translocation following Siah1 binding. Nat Cell Biol 2005; 7:665-74. [PMID: 15951807 DOI: 10.1038/ncb1268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 791] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2005] [Accepted: 05/05/2005] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) influences cytotoxicity, translocating to the nucleus during apoptosis. Here we report a signalling pathway in which nitric oxide (NO) generation that follows apoptotic stimulation elicits S-nitrosylation of GAPDH, which triggers binding to Siah1 (an E3 ubiquitin ligase), nuclear translocation and apoptosis. S-nitrosylation of GAPDH augments its binding to Siah1, whose nuclear localization signal mediates translocation of GAPDH. GAPDH stabilizes Siah1, facilitating its degradation of nuclear proteins. Activation of macrophages by endotoxin and of neurons by glutamate elicits GAPDH-Siah1 binding, nuclear translocation and apoptosis, which are prevented by NO deletion. The NO-S-nitrosylation-GAPDH-Siah1 cascade may represent an important molecular mechanism of cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto R Hara
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Olivera R, Sanmartin R, Churruca F, Domínguez E. DIBENZO[bf]OXEPINES: SYNTHESES AND APPLICATIONS. A REVIEW. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2004. [DOI: 10.1080/00304940409458673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Andringa G, Cools AR. The neuroprotective effects of CGP 3466B in the best in vivo model of Parkinson's disease, the bilaterally MPTP-treated rhesus monkey. JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION. SUPPLEMENTUM 2001:215-25. [PMID: 11205142 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6301-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The propargylamine CGP 3466B prevents dopamine cell death both in vitro and in rodent models of Parkinson's disease. The present study investigates the efficacy of this compound to prevent the behavioral consequences of dopaminergic cell death in the best animal model of Parkinson's disease, the bilaterally MPTP-treated monkey. Rhesus monkeys were bilaterally treated with MPTP, using a two-step procedure: 2.50 mg MPTP was infused into the left carotid artery followed by a second bolus of 1.25 mg into the right carotid artery, 8 weeks later. Subcutaneous injection of either 0.014 mg/kg CGP 3466B (n = 4) or its solvent (distilled water; n = 4), twice daily for fourteen days, started two hours after the second MPTP infusion. A Parkinson rating scale was assessed for the evaluation of the effects. After the first MPTP treatment, the monkeys developed mild to moderate parkinsonian symptoms. The second MPTP treatment strongly increased the severity of Parkinson scores in all control monkeys, as assessed on day 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 after the second MPTP treatment. In contrast, CGP 3466B nearly completely prevented the increase of parkinsonian symptoms after the second MPTP treatment. The therapeutic effects of CGP 3466B were still present after a washout period of 3 weeks, implying that the effects were not symptomatic. These data are the first to show that the systemic administration of CGP 3466B is able to prevent the development of MPTP-induced motor symptoms in primates. This compound may have great value for inhibiting the progression of the neurodegenerative process in patients with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Andringa
- Department of Psychoneuropharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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