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Muluye T, Fetahi T, Engdaw F, Mohammed A. Cyanotoxins in African waterbodies: occurrence, adverse effects, and potential risk to animal and human health. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:7519-7542. [PMID: 37603139 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01724-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Public concerns about cyanotoxins production in water and its detrimental impacts on human and animal health are growing primarily due to the widespread eutrophication observed in aquatic ecosystems. A review of relevant literature was done to determine the degree of cyanotoxin occurrence and its harmful effects in African waterbodies. Data were extracted from 64 published studies from 1990 to 2022 that quantified the concentration of cyanotoxins in African aquatic ecosystems. Cyanotoxins have been reported in 95 waterbodies (29 lakes, 41 reservoirs, 10 ponds, 9 rivers, 5 coastal waters, and 1 irrigation canal) from 15 African countries. Cyanotoxins were documented in all the regions of Africa except the central region. Microcystins have been reported in nearly all waterbodies (98.9%), but anatoxin-a (5.3%), cylindrospermopsin (2.1%), nodularins (2.1%), homoanatoxin-a (1.1%), and β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (1.1%) were encountered in a small number of water ecosystems, homoanatoxin-a and β-N-methylamino-L-alanine each occurred in one waterbody. The largest concentrations of microcystins and nodularins were reported in South African Lakes Nhlanganzwani (49,410 μg L-1) and Zeekoevlei (347,000 μg g-1). Microcystin concentrations exceeding the WHO guideline for lifetime drinking water (1 μg L-1) were reported in 63% of the aquatic ecosystems surveyed. The most frequently reported toxin-producing cyanobacteria genus is Microcystis spp. (73.7%), followed by Oscillatoria spp. (35.8%) and Dolichospermum spp. (33.7%). Cyanotoxin-related animal mortality and human illness were reported in the continent. Consequently, it is necessary to regularly monitor the level of nutrients, cyanobacteria, and cyanotoxins in African waterbodies in an integrated manner to devise a sustainable water resources management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaye Muluye
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Water Management, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Tadesse Fetahi
- Department of Zoological Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Flipos Engdaw
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Water Management, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Adem Mohammed
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Water Management, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Zervou SK, Moschandreou K, Paraskevopoulou A, Christophoridis C, Grigoriadou E, Kaloudis T, Triantis TM, Tsiaoussi V, Hiskia A. Cyanobacterial Toxins and Peptides in Lake Vegoritis, Greece. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13060394. [PMID: 34205997 PMCID: PMC8230288 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13060394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanotoxins (CTs) produced by cyanobacteria in surface freshwater are a major threat for public health and aquatic ecosystems. Cyanobacteria can also produce a wide variety of other understudied bioactive metabolites such as oligopeptides microginins (MGs), aeruginosins (AERs), aeruginosamides (AEGs) and anabaenopeptins (APs). This study reports on the co-occurrence of CTs and cyanopeptides (CPs) in Lake Vegoritis, Greece and presents their variant-specific profiles obtained during 3-years of monitoring (2018–2020). Fifteen CTs (cylindrospermopsin (CYN), anatoxin (ATX), nodularin (NOD), and 12 microcystins (MCs)) and ten CPs (3 APs, 4 MGs, 2 AERs and aeruginosamide (AEG A)) were targeted using an extended and validated LC-MS/MS protocol for the simultaneous determination of multi-class CTs and CPs. Results showed the presence of MCs (MC-LR, MC-RR, MC-YR, dmMC-LR, dmMC-RR, MC-HtyR, and MC-HilR) and CYN at concentrations of <1 μg/L, with MC-LR (79%) and CYN (71%) being the most frequently occurring. Anabaenopeptins B (AP B) and F (AP F) were detected in almost all samples and microginin T1 (MG T1) was the most abundant CP, reaching 47.0 μg/L. This is the first report of the co-occurrence of CTs and CPs in Lake Vegoritis, which is used for irrigation, fishing and recreational activities. The findings support the need for further investigations of the occurrence of CTs and the less studied cyanobacterial metabolites in lakes, to promote risk assessment with relevance to human exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevasti-Kiriaki Zervou
- Laboratory of Photo-Catalytic Processes and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Patriarchou Grigoriou E & 27 Neapoleos Str, 15310 Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece; (S.-K.Z.); (A.P.); (C.C.); (T.K.); (T.M.T.)
| | - Kimon Moschandreou
- The Goulandris Natural History Museum—Greek Biotope/Wetland Centre, 14th km Thessaloniki-Mihaniona, Thermi P.O. Box 60394, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.M.); (V.T.)
| | - Aikaterina Paraskevopoulou
- Laboratory of Photo-Catalytic Processes and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Patriarchou Grigoriou E & 27 Neapoleos Str, 15310 Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece; (S.-K.Z.); (A.P.); (C.C.); (T.K.); (T.M.T.)
| | - Christophoros Christophoridis
- Laboratory of Photo-Catalytic Processes and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Patriarchou Grigoriou E & 27 Neapoleos Str, 15310 Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece; (S.-K.Z.); (A.P.); (C.C.); (T.K.); (T.M.T.)
| | - Elpida Grigoriadou
- Water Resources Management Agency of West Macedonia, 50100 Kozani, Decentralized Administration of Epirus—Western Macedonia, Greece;
| | - Triantafyllos Kaloudis
- Laboratory of Photo-Catalytic Processes and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Patriarchou Grigoriou E & 27 Neapoleos Str, 15310 Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece; (S.-K.Z.); (A.P.); (C.C.); (T.K.); (T.M.T.)
| | - Theodoros M. Triantis
- Laboratory of Photo-Catalytic Processes and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Patriarchou Grigoriou E & 27 Neapoleos Str, 15310 Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece; (S.-K.Z.); (A.P.); (C.C.); (T.K.); (T.M.T.)
| | - Vasiliki Tsiaoussi
- The Goulandris Natural History Museum—Greek Biotope/Wetland Centre, 14th km Thessaloniki-Mihaniona, Thermi P.O. Box 60394, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.M.); (V.T.)
| | - Anastasia Hiskia
- Laboratory of Photo-Catalytic Processes and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Patriarchou Grigoriou E & 27 Neapoleos Str, 15310 Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece; (S.-K.Z.); (A.P.); (C.C.); (T.K.); (T.M.T.)
- Correspondence:
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Acuña-Alonso C, Álvarez X, Lorenzo O, Cancela Á, Valero E, Sánchez Á. Assessment of water quality in eutrophized water bodies through the application of indexes and toxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 728:138775. [PMID: 32339839 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is essential to have tools that can be used to diagnose water resources. For this reason, this study sets out on the one hand to assess water quality in three reservoirs in Spain (Salas, A Baxe and Conchas) with Cyano-Habs problems through the application of water quality indexes: The National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NFSWQI), the General Quality Index (GQI), the Trophic State Index (TSI), and the Trophic Contamination Index (ICOTRO). On the other hand, it seeks to learn how parameters such as nitrogen and phosphorus influence the presence of cyanotoxin, specifically Microcystis aeruginosa. To that end, samples from the three reservoirs are cultured and physical-chemical parameters and the toxicity of the water are measured. The results show that Salas reservoir has the worst water quality rating (GQI is bad and NFSWQI medium), while As Conchas and A Baxe obtain very good figures for NFSWQI. This contrasts with the data obtained via the TSI of moderately eutrophic conditions for all three reservoirs, and hypereutrophic levels for As Conchas and A Baxe downstream. On the other hand, the toxicity analysis shows levels of 1.12 ± 0.06 μg/l microcystin-LR (MC-LR) for As Conchas, 0.64 ± 0.04 μg/l MC-LR for Salas, and 1.24 ± 0.05 μg/l MC-LR for A Baxe, of which 20% corresponds to free MC-LR. This study finds that nitrogen is the parameter that most favors the production of MC-LR. We conclude that the eutrophication indexes are more reliable when studying the presence of cyanobacteria. Furthermore, nitrogen and phosphorous are the most significant parameters in this regard. They are taken into account in the quality indices (GQI, NFSWI), but they are not sufficiently representative. It is recommended as a future line of research that water quality indices be adapted or designed to incorporate eutrophication levels and even water toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Acuña-Alonso
- Department of Natural Resources Engineering and the Environment, School of Forestry Engineering, University of Vigo, Campus A Xunqueira s/n., 36005, Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Xana Álvarez
- Department of Natural Resources Engineering and the Environment, School of Forestry Engineering, University of Vigo, Campus A Xunqueira s/n., 36005, Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Olalla Lorenzo
- School of Forestry Engineering, University of Vigo, Campus A Xunqueira s/n, 36005, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Ángeles Cancela
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Forestry Engineering, University of Vigo, Campus Campus A Xunqueira s/n., 36005, Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Enrique Valero
- Department of Natural Resources Engineering and the Environment, School of Forestry Engineering, University of Vigo, Campus A Xunqueira s/n., 36005, Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Ángel Sánchez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Industrial Engineering College, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
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Karci A, Wurtzler EM, de la Cruz AA, Wendell D, Dionysiou DD. Solar photo-Fenton treatment of microcystin-LR in aqueous environment: Transformation products and toxicity in different water matrices. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 349:282-292. [PMID: 29454260 PMCID: PMC6734565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Transformation products and toxicity patterns of microcystin-LR (MC-LR), a common cyanotoxin in freshwaters, during degradation by solar photo-Fenton process were studied in the absence and presence of two major water components, namely fulvic acid and alkalinity. The transformation products m/z 795, 835, 515/1030 and 532 can be formed through attack of OH on the conjugated carbon double bonds of Adda. Transformation products with m/z 1010, 966 and 513 can be generated through the attack of OH on the methoxy group of Adda. The transformation products m/z 783, 508 and 1012 can be originated from the attack of OH on the cyclic structure of MC-LR. Transformation products (m/z 522, 1028, 1012, 1046 and 514) formed after hydroxylation of the aromatic ring with OH were also identified in this study. The toxicity study revealed that fulvic acid and alkalinity strongly influence the toxicity profiles of solar photo-Fenton treated MC-LR. Fulvic acid enhanced the detoxification whereas low level total alkalinity (1.8 mg L-1 CaCO3) inhibited the detoxification of MC-LR by solar photo-Fenton process as assessed by protein phosphatase-1 (PP-1) inhibition assay. This work provides insights on the utility of solar photo-Fenton destruction of MC-LR in water based on transformation products and toxicity data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akin Karci
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Wurtzler
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, USA
| | - Armah A de la Cruz
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - David Wendell
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, USA
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, USA.
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Edmiston PL, Carter KA, Graham AL, Gleason EJ. Chemisorption of microcystins to a thiol and amine functionalized organosilica. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Bello MM, Abdul Raman AA. Trend and current practices of palm oil mill effluent polishing: Application of advanced oxidation processes and their future perspectives. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 198:170-182. [PMID: 28460324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Palm oil processing is a multi-stage operation which generates large amount of effluent. On average, palm oil mill effluent (POME) may contain up to 51, 000 mg/L COD, 25,000 mg/L BOD, 40,000 TS and 6000 mg/L oil and grease. Due to its potential to cause environmental pollution, palm oil mills are required to treat the effluent prior to discharge. Biological treatments using open ponding system are widely used for POME treatment. Although these processes are capable of reducing the pollutant concentrations, they require long hydraulic retention time and large space, with the effluent frequently failing to satisfy the discharge regulation. Due to more stringent environmental regulations, research interest has recently shifted to the development of polishing technologies for the biologically-treated POME. Various technologies such as advanced oxidation processes, membrane technology, adsorption and coagulation have been investigated. Among these, advanced oxidation processes have shown potentials as polishing technologies for POME. This paper offers an overview on the POME polishing technologies, with particularly emphasis on advanced oxidation processes and their prospects for large scale applications. Although there are some challenges in large scale applications of these technologies, this review offers some perspectives that could help in overcoming these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Mohammed Bello
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia; Centre for Dryland Agriculture, Bayero University, P.M.B. 3011, Kano State, Nigeria.
| | - Abdul Aziz Abdul Raman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
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Fotiou T, Triantis TM, Kaloudis T, Pastrana-Martínez LM, Likodimos V, Falaras P, Silva AM, Hiskia A. Photocatalytic Degradation of Microcystin-LR and Off-Odor Compounds in Water under UV-A and Solar Light with a Nanostructured Photocatalyst Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide–TiO2 Composite. Identification of Intermediate Products. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie400382r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Triantafyllos Kaloudis
- Quality Control Department, Athens Water Supply and Sewerage Company (EYDAP SA), Oropou
156, 11146 Galatsi, Athens, Greece
| | - Luisa M. Pastrana-Martínez
- LCM—Laboratory of Catalysis
and Materials−Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465
Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | - Adrián M.T. Silva
- LCM—Laboratory of Catalysis
and Materials−Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465
Porto, Portugal
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Sharma VK, Triantis TM, Antoniou MG, He X, Pelaez M, Han C, Song W, O’Shea KE, de la Cruz AA, Kaloudis T, Hiskia A, Dionysiou DD. Destruction of microcystins by conventional and advanced oxidation processes: A review. Sep Purif Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2012.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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