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Lüdeking M, Stemwedel K, Ramachandran D, Grosche S, Christiansen H, Merten R, Henkenberens C, Bogdanova NV. Efficiency of moderately hypofractionated radiotherapy in NSCLC cell model. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1293745. [PMID: 38720797 PMCID: PMC11076864 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1293745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The current standard of radiotherapy for inoperable locally advanced NSCLCs with single fraction doses of 2.0 Gy, results in poor outcomes. Several fractionation schedules have been explored that developed over the past decades to increasingly more hypofractionated treatments. Moderate hypofractionated radiotherapy, as an alternative treatment, has gained clinical importance due to shorter duration and higher patient convenience. However, clinical trials show controversial results, adding to the need for pre-clinical radiobiological studies of this schedule. Methods We examined in comparative analysis the efficiency of moderate hypofractionation and normofractionation in four different NSCLC cell lines and fibroblasts using several molecular-biological approaches. Cells were daily irradiated with 24x2.75 Gy (moderate hypofractionation) or with 30x2 Gy (normofractionation), imitating the clinical situation. Proliferation and growth rate via direct counting of cell numbers, MTT assay and measurements of DNA-synthesizing cells (EdU assay), DNA repair efficiency via immunocytochemical staining of residual γH2AX/53BP1 foci and cell surviving via clonogenic assay (CSA) were experimentally evaluated. Results Overall, the four tumor cell lines and fibroblasts showed different sensitivity to both radiation regimes, indicating cell specificity of the effect. The absolute cell numbers and the CSA revealed significant differences between schedules (P < 0.0001 for all employed cell lines and both assays) with a stronger effect of moderate hypofractionation. Conclusion Our results provide evidence for the similar effectiveness and toxicity of both regimes, with some favorable evidence towards a moderate hypofractionation. This indicates that increasing the dose per fraction may improve patient survival and therapy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Lüdeking
- Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katharina Stemwedel
- Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dhanya Ramachandran
- Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sinja Grosche
- Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans Christiansen
- Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Roland Merten
- Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christoph Henkenberens
- Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Radiation Oncology, Dorothea Christiane Erxleben Clinic, Wernigerode, Germany
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2
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Muchtaridi M, Az-Zahra F, Wongso H, Setyawati LU, Novitasari D, Ikram EHK. Molecular Mechanism of Natural Food Antioxidants to Regulate ROS in Treating Cancer: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:207. [PMID: 38397805 PMCID: PMC10885946 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second-highest mortality rate disease worldwide, and it has been estimated that cancer will increase by up to 20 million cases yearly by 2030. There are various options of treatment for cancer, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. All of these options have damaging adverse effects that can reduce the patient's quality of life. Cancer itself arises from a series of mutations in normal cells that generate the ability to divide uncontrollably. This cell mutation can happen as a result of DNA damage induced by the high concentration of ROS in normal cells. High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause oxidative stress, which can initiate cancer cell proliferation. On the other hand, the cytotoxic effect from elevated ROS levels can be utilized as anticancer therapy. Some bioactive compounds from natural foods such as fruit, vegetables, herbs, honey, and many more have been identified as a promising source of natural antioxidants that can prevent oxidative stress by regulating the level of ROS in the body. In this review, we have highlighted and discussed the benefits of various natural antioxidant compounds from natural foods that can regulate reactive oxygen species through various pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (F.A.-Z.); (L.U.S.); (D.N.)
- Research Collaboration Centre for Radiopharmaceuticals Theranostic, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jln. Raya Bandung Sumedang Km. 21, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia;
| | - Farhah Az-Zahra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (F.A.-Z.); (L.U.S.); (D.N.)
| | - Hendris Wongso
- Research Collaboration Centre for Radiopharmaceuticals Theranostic, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jln. Raya Bandung Sumedang Km. 21, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia;
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Puspiptek, Kota Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
| | - Luthfi Utami Setyawati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (F.A.-Z.); (L.U.S.); (D.N.)
- Research Collaboration Centre for Radiopharmaceuticals Theranostic, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jln. Raya Bandung Sumedang Km. 21, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia;
| | - Dhania Novitasari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (F.A.-Z.); (L.U.S.); (D.N.)
| | - Emmy Hainida Khairul Ikram
- Integrated Nutrition Science and Therapy Research Group (INSPIRE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia;
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3
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Wragg JW, White PL, Hadzhiev Y, Wanigasooriya K, Stodolna A, Tee L, Barros-Silva JD, Beggs AD, Müller F. Intra-promoter switch of transcription initiation sites in proliferation signaling-dependent RNA metabolism. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:1970-1984. [PMID: 37996663 PMCID: PMC10716046 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Global changes in transcriptional regulation and RNA metabolism are crucial features of cancer development. However, little is known about the role of the core promoter in defining transcript identity and post-transcriptional fates, a potentially crucial layer of transcriptional regulation in cancer. In this study, we use CAGE-seq analysis to uncover widespread use of dual-initiation promoters in which non-canonical, first-base-cytosine (C) transcription initiation occurs alongside first-base-purine initiation across 59 human cancers and healthy tissues. C-initiation is often followed by a 5' terminal oligopyrimidine (5'TOP) sequence, dramatically increasing the range of genes potentially subjected to 5'TOP-associated post-transcriptional regulation. We show selective, dynamic switching between purine and C-initiation site usage, indicating transcription initiation-level regulation in cancers. We additionally detail global metabolic changes in C-initiation transcripts that mark differentiation status, proliferative capacity, radiosensitivity, and response to irradiation and to PI3K-Akt-mTOR and DNA damage pathway-targeted radiosensitization therapies in colorectal cancer organoids and cancer cell lines and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W Wragg
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Paige-Louise White
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yavor Hadzhiev
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kasun Wanigasooriya
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Agata Stodolna
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Louise Tee
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Joao D Barros-Silva
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew D Beggs
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
- Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Ferenc Müller
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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4
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Low YH, Loh CJL, Peh DYY, Chu AJM, Han S, Toh HC. Pathogenesis and therapeutic implications of EBV-associated epithelial cancers. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1202117. [PMID: 37901329 PMCID: PMC10600384 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1202117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), one of the most common human viruses, has been associated with both lymphoid and epithelial cancers. Undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), EBV associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) and lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) are amongst the few common epithelial cancers that EBV has been associated with. The pathogenesis of EBV-associated NPC has been well described, however, the same cannot be said for primary pulmonary LELC (PPLELC) owing to the rarity of the cancer. In this review, we outline the pathogenesis of EBV-associated NPC and EBVaGCs and their recent advances. By drawing on similarities between NPC and PPLELC, we then also postulated the pathogenesis of PPLELC. A deeper understanding about the pathogenesis of EBV enables us to postulate the pathogenesis of other EBV associated cancers such as PPLELC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hua Low
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Daniel Yang Yao Peh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Axel Jun Ming Chu
- Singapore Health Services Internal Medicine Residency Programme, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shuting Han
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Han Chong Toh
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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5
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Szwarc MM, Guarnieri AL, Joshi M, Duc HN, Laird MC, Pandey A, Khanal S, Dohm E, Bui AK, Sullivan KD, Galbraith MD, Andrysik Z, Espinosa JM. FAM193A is a positive regulator of p53 activity. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112230. [PMID: 36897777 PMCID: PMC10164416 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of the p53 tumor suppressor, either by mutations or through hyperactivation of repressors such as MDM2 and MDM4, is a hallmark of cancer. Although many inhibitors of the p53-MDM2/4 interaction have been developed, such as Nutlin, their therapeutic value is limited by highly heterogeneous cellular responses. We report here a multi-omics investigation of the cellular response to MDM2/4 inhibitors, leading to identification of FAM193A as a widespread regulator of p53 function. CRISPR screening identified FAM193A as necessary for the response to Nutlin. FAM193A expression correlates with Nutlin sensitivity across hundreds of cell lines. Furthermore, genetic codependency data highlight FAM193A as a component of the p53 pathway across diverse tumor types. Mechanistically, FAM193A interacts with MDM4, and FAM193A depletion stabilizes MDM4 and inhibits the p53 transcriptional program. Last, FAM193A expression is associated with better prognosis in multiple malignancies. Altogether, these results identify FAM193A as a positive regulator of p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Szwarc
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Anna L Guarnieri
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Molishree Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Functional Genomics Facility, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Huy N Duc
- Functional Genomics Facility, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Madison C Laird
- Functional Genomics Facility, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ahwan Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Santosh Khanal
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Emily Dohm
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Aimee K Bui
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kelly D Sullivan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Matthew D Galbraith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Zdenek Andrysik
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Joaquin M Espinosa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Functional Genomics Facility, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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6
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Thompson EF, Hoang L, Höhn AK, Palicelli A, Talia KL, Tchrakian N, Senz J, Rusike R, Jordan S, Jamieson A, Huvila J, McAlpine JN, Gilks CB, Höckel M, Singh N, Horn LC. Molecular subclassification of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma: reproducibility and prognostic significance of a novel surgical technique. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2022; 32:977-985. [PMID: 35764349 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2021-003251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma is subclassified into three prognostically relevant groups: (i) human papillomavirus (HPV) associated, (ii) HPV independent p53 abnormal (mutant pattern), and (iii) HPV independent p53 wild type. Immunohistochemistry for p16 and p53 serve as surrogates for HPV viral integration and TP53 mutational status. We assessed the reproducibility of the subclassification based on p16 and p53 immunohistochemistry and evaluated the prognostic significance of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma molecular subgroups in a patient cohort treated by vulvar field resection surgery. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, 68 cases treated by vulvar field resection were identified from the Leipzig School of Radical Pelvic Surgery. Immunohistochemistry for p16 and p53 was performed at three different institutions and evaluated independently by seven pathologists and two trainees. Tumors were classified into one of four groups: HPV associated, HPV independent p53 wild type, HPV independent p53 abnormal, and indeterminate. Selected cases were further interrogated by (HPV RNA in situ hybridization, TP53 sequencing). RESULTS Final subclassification yielded 22 (32.4%) HPV associated, 41 (60.3%) HPV independent p53 abnormal, and 5 (7.3%) HPV independent p53 wild type tumors. Interobserver agreement (overall Fleiss' kappa statistic) for the four category classification was 0.74. No statistically significant differences in clinical outcomes between HPV associated and HPV independent vulvar squamous cell carcinoma were observed. CONCLUSION Interobserver reproducibility of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma subclassification based on p16 and p53 immunohistochemistry may support routine use in clinical practice. Vulvar field resection surgery showed no significant difference in clinical outcomes when stratified based on HPV status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F Thompson
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lynn Hoang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anne Kathrin Höhn
- Division of Gynecologic Pathology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrea Palicelli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Karen L Talia
- Royal Women's Hospital and VCS Foundation, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nairi Tchrakian
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Janine Senz
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Amy Jamieson
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jutta Huvila
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jessica N McAlpine
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division Gynecologic Oncology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - C Blake Gilks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael Höckel
- Leipzig School of Radical Pelvis Surgery, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Naveena Singh
- Cellular Pathology, Barts Health and NHS Trust and Queen Mary University, London, UK
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7
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Niu H, Zhu Y, Wang J, Wang T, Wang X, Yan L. Effects of USP7 on radiation sensitivity through p53 pathway in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2022; 22:101466. [PMID: 35696794 PMCID: PMC9194850 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between ubiquitin specific protease 7 (USP7) and radio-sensitivity in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) has not been reported yet. Using gene chip and Label-Free mass spectrometry, we found that USP7 was significantly increased both in radioresistant LSCC patients and LSCC cells receiving irradiation. Since p53 is the most important downstream gene of USP7 and is frequently mutated in LSCC, we investigated the effects of USP7 on radioresistance of LSCC cells with or without p53 mutation. We found that knockdown of USP7 increased the radio-sensitivity in p53-mutated LSCC cells, while inhibiting the radio-sensitivity in p53-wild type cells. Knockdown of USP7 significantly inhibited the expression of the p53 and p53 pathway. Overexpressing endogenous p53 by CRISPR/dCas9 could reverse the effects of USP7 on radiosensitivity both in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrated the irradiation-induced USP7 led to radioresistance in p53-mutated LSCC cells but radio-sensitivity in p53-wild type cells. Therefore, the clinical application of USP7 inhibitors may improve the effects of radiotherapy in LSCC with p53 mutations and reduce the side effects on surrounding normal tissues without p53 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Niu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaosheng Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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8
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Advanced Strategies for Therapeutic Targeting of Wild-Type and Mutant p53 in Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040548. [PMID: 35454137 PMCID: PMC9029346 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 is a tumor suppressor gene that encodes a sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factor activated by stressful stimuli; it upregulates target genes involved in growth suppression, cell death, DNA repair, metabolism, among others. TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in tumors, with mutations not only leading to loss-of-function (LOF), but also gain-of-function (GOF) that promotes tumor progression, and metastasis. The tumor-specific status of mutant p53 protein has suggested it is a promising target for cancer therapy. We summarize the current progress of targeting wild-type and mutant p53 for cancer therapy through biotherapeutic and biopharmaceutical methods for (1) boosting p53 activity in cancer, (2) p53-dependent and p53-independent strategies for targeting p53 pathway functional restoration in p53-mutated cancer, (3) targeting p53 in immunotherapy, and (4) combination therapies targeting p53, p53 checkpoints, or mutant p53 for cancer therapy.
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9
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Wander P, Arentsen-Peters STCJM, Vrenken KS, Pinhanҫos SM, Koopmans B, Dolman MEM, Jones L, Garrido Castro P, Schneider P, Kerstjens M, Molenaar JJ, Pieters R, Zwaan CM, Stam RW. High-Throughput Drug Library Screening in Primary KMT2A-Rearranged Infant ALL Cells Favors the Identification of Drug Candidates That Activate P53 Signaling. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030638. [PMID: 35327440 PMCID: PMC8945716 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
KMT2A-rearranged acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in infants (<1 year of age) represents an aggressive type of childhood leukemia characterized by a poor clinical outcome with a survival chance of <50%. Implementing novel therapeutic approaches for these patients is a slow-paced and costly process. Here, we utilized a drug-repurposing strategy to identify potent drugs that could expeditiously be translated into clinical applications. We performed high-throughput screens of various drug libraries, comprising 4191 different (mostly FDA-approved) compounds in primary KMT2A-rearranged infant ALL patient samples (n = 2). The most effective drugs were then tested on non-leukemic whole bone marrow samples (n = 2) to select drugs with a favorable therapeutic index for bone marrow toxicity. The identified agents frequently belonged to several recurrent drug classes, including BCL-2, histone deacetylase, topoisomerase, microtubule, and MDM2/p53 inhibitors, as well as cardiac glycosides and corticosteroids. The in vitro efficacy of these drug classes was successfully validated in additional primary KMT2A-rearranged infant ALL samples (n = 7) and KMT2A-rearranged ALL cell line models (n = 5). Based on literature studies, most of the identified drugs remarkably appeared to lead to activation of p53 signaling. In line with this notion, subsequent experiments showed that forced expression of wild-type p53 in KMT2A-rearranged ALL cells rapidly led to apoptosis induction. We conclude that KMT2A-rearranged infant ALL cells are vulnerable to p53 activation, and that drug-induced p53 activation may represent an essential condition for successful treatment results. Moreover, the present study provides an attractive collection of approved drugs that are highly effective against KMT2A-rearranged infant ALL cells while showing far less toxicity towards non-leukemic bone marrow, urging further (pre)clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Wander
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (P.W.); (S.T.C.J.M.A.-P.); (K.S.V.); (S.M.P.); (B.K.); (M.E.M.D.); (L.J.); (P.G.C.); (P.S.); (J.J.M.); (R.P.); (C.M.Z.)
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Susan T. C. J. M. Arentsen-Peters
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (P.W.); (S.T.C.J.M.A.-P.); (K.S.V.); (S.M.P.); (B.K.); (M.E.M.D.); (L.J.); (P.G.C.); (P.S.); (J.J.M.); (R.P.); (C.M.Z.)
| | - Kirsten S. Vrenken
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (P.W.); (S.T.C.J.M.A.-P.); (K.S.V.); (S.M.P.); (B.K.); (M.E.M.D.); (L.J.); (P.G.C.); (P.S.); (J.J.M.); (R.P.); (C.M.Z.)
| | - Sandra Mimoso Pinhanҫos
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (P.W.); (S.T.C.J.M.A.-P.); (K.S.V.); (S.M.P.); (B.K.); (M.E.M.D.); (L.J.); (P.G.C.); (P.S.); (J.J.M.); (R.P.); (C.M.Z.)
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bianca Koopmans
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (P.W.); (S.T.C.J.M.A.-P.); (K.S.V.); (S.M.P.); (B.K.); (M.E.M.D.); (L.J.); (P.G.C.); (P.S.); (J.J.M.); (R.P.); (C.M.Z.)
| | - M. Emmy M. Dolman
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (P.W.); (S.T.C.J.M.A.-P.); (K.S.V.); (S.M.P.); (B.K.); (M.E.M.D.); (L.J.); (P.G.C.); (P.S.); (J.J.M.); (R.P.); (C.M.Z.)
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Luke Jones
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (P.W.); (S.T.C.J.M.A.-P.); (K.S.V.); (S.M.P.); (B.K.); (M.E.M.D.); (L.J.); (P.G.C.); (P.S.); (J.J.M.); (R.P.); (C.M.Z.)
| | - Patricia Garrido Castro
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (P.W.); (S.T.C.J.M.A.-P.); (K.S.V.); (S.M.P.); (B.K.); (M.E.M.D.); (L.J.); (P.G.C.); (P.S.); (J.J.M.); (R.P.); (C.M.Z.)
| | - Pauline Schneider
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (P.W.); (S.T.C.J.M.A.-P.); (K.S.V.); (S.M.P.); (B.K.); (M.E.M.D.); (L.J.); (P.G.C.); (P.S.); (J.J.M.); (R.P.); (C.M.Z.)
| | - Mark Kerstjens
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Jan J. Molenaar
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (P.W.); (S.T.C.J.M.A.-P.); (K.S.V.); (S.M.P.); (B.K.); (M.E.M.D.); (L.J.); (P.G.C.); (P.S.); (J.J.M.); (R.P.); (C.M.Z.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Pieters
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (P.W.); (S.T.C.J.M.A.-P.); (K.S.V.); (S.M.P.); (B.K.); (M.E.M.D.); (L.J.); (P.G.C.); (P.S.); (J.J.M.); (R.P.); (C.M.Z.)
| | - Christian Michel Zwaan
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (P.W.); (S.T.C.J.M.A.-P.); (K.S.V.); (S.M.P.); (B.K.); (M.E.M.D.); (L.J.); (P.G.C.); (P.S.); (J.J.M.); (R.P.); (C.M.Z.)
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Ronald W. Stam
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (P.W.); (S.T.C.J.M.A.-P.); (K.S.V.); (S.M.P.); (B.K.); (M.E.M.D.); (L.J.); (P.G.C.); (P.S.); (J.J.M.); (R.P.); (C.M.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-(0)88-9727672
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10
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Chakravorty S, Afzali B, Kazemian M. EBV-associated diseases: Current therapeutics and emerging technologies. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1059133. [PMID: 36389670 PMCID: PMC9647127 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1059133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
EBV is a prevalent virus, infecting >90% of the world's population. This is an oncogenic virus that causes ~200,000 cancer-related deaths annually. It is, in addition, a significant contributor to the burden of autoimmune diseases. Thus, EBV represents a significant public health burden. Upon infection, EBV remains dormant in host cells for long periods of time. However, the presence or episodic reactivation of the virus increases the risk of transforming healthy cells to malignant cells that routinely escape host immune surveillance or of producing pathogenic autoantibodies. Cancers caused by EBV display distinct molecular behaviors compared to those of the same tissue type that are not caused by EBV, presenting opportunities for targeted treatments. Despite some encouraging results from exploration of vaccines, antiviral agents and immune- and cell-based treatments, the efficacy and safety of most therapeutics remain unclear. Here, we provide an up-to-date review focusing on underlying immune and environmental mechanisms, current therapeutics and vaccines, animal models and emerging technologies to study EBV-associated diseases that may help provide insights for the development of novel effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Chakravorty
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Behdad Afzali
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Majid Kazemian
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, United States
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11
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Bodei L, Kidd M, Modlin IM. Clinical and scientific considerations of genomics and metabolomics in radionuclide therapy. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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12
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Han S, Tay JK, Loh CJL, Chu AJM, Yeong JPS, Lim CM, Toh HC. Epstein–Barr Virus Epithelial Cancers—A Comprehensive Understanding to Drive Novel Therapies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:734293. [PMID: 34956172 PMCID: PMC8702733 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.734293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous oncovirus associated with specific epithelial and lymphoid cancers. Among the epithelial cancers, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC), and EBV-associated gastric cancers (EBVaGC) are the most common. The role of EBV in the pathogenesis of NPC and in the modulation of its tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) has been increasingly well described. Much less is known about the pathogenesis and tumour–microenvironment interactions in other EBV-associated epithelial cancers. Despite the expression of EBV-related viral oncoproteins and a generally immune-inflamed cancer subtype, EBV-associated epithelial cancers have limited systemic therapeutic options beyond conventional chemotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective only in a minority of these patients and even less efficacious with molecular targeting drugs. Here, we examine the key similarities and differences of NPC, LELC, and EBVaGC and comprehensively describe the clinical, pathological, and molecular characteristics of these cancers. A deeper comparative understanding of these EBV-driven cancers can potentially uncover targets in the tumour, TIME, and stroma, which may guide future drug development and cast light on resistance to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Han
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joshua K. Tay
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Joe Poh Sheng Yeong
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chwee Ming Lim
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Han Chong Toh
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Han Chong Toh,
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13
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Carlsen L, El-Deiry WS. Differential p53-Mediated Cellular Responses to DNA-Damaging Therapeutic Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111828. [PMID: 34769259 PMCID: PMC8584119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The gene TP53, which encodes the tumor suppressor protein p53, is mutated in about 50% of cancers. In response to cell stressors like DNA damage and after treatment with DNA-damaging therapeutic agents, p53 acts as a transcription factor to activate subsets of target genes which carry out cell fates such as apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and DNA repair. Target gene selection by p53 is controlled by a complex regulatory network whose response varies across contexts including treatment type, cell type, and tissue type. The molecular basis of target selection across these contexts is not well understood. Knowledge gained from examining p53 regulatory network profiles across different DNA-damaging agents in different cell types and tissue types may inform logical ways to optimally manipulate the network to encourage p53-mediated tumor suppression and anti-tumor immunity in cancer patients. This may be achieved with combination therapies or with p53-reactivating targeted therapies. Here, we review the basics of the p53 regulatory network in the context of differential responses to DNA-damaging agents; discuss recent efforts to characterize differential p53 responses across treatment types, cell types, and tissue types; and examine the relevance of evaluating these responses in the tumor microenvironment. Finally, we address open questions including the potential relevance of alternative p53 transcriptional functions, p53 transcription-independent functions, and p53-independent functions in the response to DNA-damaging therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Carlsen
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA;
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and the Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Cancer Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Wafik S. El-Deiry
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA;
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and the Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Cancer Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Medicine, Hematology-Oncology Division, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Correspondence:
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14
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Kong X, Yu D, Wang Z, Li S. Relationship between p53 status and the bioeffect of ionizing radiation. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:661. [PMID: 34386083 PMCID: PMC8299044 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is widely used in the clinical treatment of cancer patients and it may be used alone or in combination with surgery or chemotherapy to inhibit tumor development. However, radiotherapy may at times not kill all cancer cells completely, as certain cells may develop radioresistance that counteracts the effects of radiation. The emergence of radioresistance is associated with the genetic background and epigenetic regulation of cells. p53 is an important tumor suppressor gene that is expressed at low levels in cells. However, when cells are subjected to stress-induced stimulation, the expression level of p53 increases, thereby preventing genomic disruption. This mechanism has important roles in maintaining cell stability and inhibiting carcinogenesis. However, mutation and deletion destroy the anticancer function of p53 and may induce carcinogenesis. In tumor radiotherapy, the status of p53 expression in cancer cells has a close relationship with radiotherapeutic efficacy. Therefore, understanding how p53 expression affects the cellular response to radiation is of great significance for solving the problem of radioresistance and improving radiotherapeutic outcomes. For the present review, the literature was searched for studies published between 1979 and 2021 using the PubMed database (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) with the following key words: Wild-type p53, mutant-type p53, long non-coding RNA, microRNA, gene mutation, radioresistance and radiosensitivity. From the relevant studies retrieved, the association between different p53 mutants and cellular radiosensitivity, as well as the molecular mechanisms of p53 affecting the radiosensitivity of cells, were summarized. The aim of the present study was to provide useful information for understanding and resolving radioresistance, to help clinical researchers develop more accurate treatment strategies and to improve radiotherapeutic outcomes for cancer patients with p53 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Kong
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Dehai Yu
- Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyi Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Sijie Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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15
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Luo W, Ali YF, Liu C, Wang Y, Liu C, Jin X, Zhou G, Liu NA. Particle Therapy for Breast Cancer: Benefits and Challenges. Front Oncol 2021; 11:662826. [PMID: 34026640 PMCID: PMC8131859 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.662826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hadron therapy with protons and carbon ions is widely attracting interest as a potential competitor of conventional photon radiotherapy. Exquisite dose distribution of charged particles allows for a higher local control of the tumor and lower probability of damage to nearby healthy tissues. Heavy ions have presumed biological advantages rising from their high-linear energy transfer (LET) characteristics, including greater cell-killing effectiveness and reduced heterogeneity dependence of radiation response. Although these advantages are clear and supported by data, only 18.0% of proton and carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) facilities in Europe are treating breast cancers. This review summarizes the physical and radiobiological properties of charged particles, clinical use of particle beam for breast cancer, and suggested approaches to overcome technical and financial challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanrong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yasser F Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Biophysics Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Chong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Caorui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoni Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guangming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ning-Ang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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16
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Retrospective investigation of hereditary syndromes in patients with medulloblastoma in a single institution. Childs Nerv Syst 2021; 37:411-417. [PMID: 32930885 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-020-04885-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the incidence rate of hereditary disease in patients with medulloblastoma. METHODS The genetic reports of 129 patients with medulloblastoma from January 2016 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. A panel sequence of 39 genes (Genetron Health) were used for all patients to evaluate the tumor subgroup. Four genes (TP53, APC, PTCH1, SUFU) were screened to routinely rule out germline mutation. RESULTS Five patients (3.9%) were found with hereditary disease, and all belonged to the sonic hedgehog (SHH) subgroup. Two patients were retrospectively diagnosed with Gorlin-Goltz disease with germline PTCH1 and SUFU mutations. One patient (PTCH1 mutation) accepted whole craniospinal irradiation and had scalp nevoid basal cell carcinoma 5 years later. The other patient (SUFU mutation) accepted chemotherapy and had local tumor relapse 1 year later. Three patients were diagnosed with Li-Fraumeni syndrome and carried the TP53 mutation; all three patients died. One of the patients had bone osteosarcoma, while all three had early tumor relapse. CONCLUSION Patients with SHH medulloblastoma should routinely undergo genetic testing. We propose that whole genome, whole exome sequence, or custom-designed panel-targeted exome sequencing should be performed.
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17
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Blaauboer A, Sideras K, van Eijck CHJ, Hofland LJ. Type I interferons in pancreatic cancer and development of new therapeutic approaches. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 159:103204. [PMID: 33387625 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a new treatment strategy for cancer. However, its promise in pancreatic cancer has not yet been realized. Understanding the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer, and identifying new therapeutic targets to increase tumor-specific immune responses, is necessary in order to improve clinical outcomes. Type I interferons, e.g. IFN-α and -β, are considered as an important bridge between the innate and adaptive immune system. Thereby, type I IFNs induce a broad spectrum of anti-tumor effects, including immunologic, vascular, as well as direct anti-tumor effects. While IFN therapies have been around for a while, new insights into exogenous and endogenous activation of the IFN pathway have resulted in new IFN-related cancer treatment strategies. Here, we focus on the pre-clinical and clinical evidence of novel ways to take advantage of the type I IFN pathway, such as IFN based conjugates and activation of the STING and RIG-I pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Blaauboer
- Department of Surgery, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Leo J Hofland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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18
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Jung EJ, Lee WS, Paramanantham A, Kim HJ, Shin SC, Kim GS, Jung JM, Ryu CH, Hong SC, Chung KH, Kim CW. p53 Enhances Artemisia annua L. Polyphenols-Induced Cell Death Through Upregulation of p53-Dependent Targets and Cleavage of PARP1 and Lamin A/C in HCT116 Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239315. [PMID: 33297377 PMCID: PMC7730414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived natural polyphenols exhibit anticancer activity without showing any noticeable toxicities to normal cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of p53 on the anticancer effect of polyphenols isolated from Korean Artemisia annua L. (pKAL) in HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells. We confirmed that pKAL induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, propidium iodide (PI) uptake, nuclear structure change, and acidic vesicles in a p53-independent manner in p53-null HCT116 cells through fluorescence microscopy analysis of DCF/PI-, DAPI-, and AO-stained cells. The pKAL-induced anticancer effects were found to be significantly higher in p53-wild HCT116 cells than in p53-null by hematoxylin staining, CCK-8 assay, Western blot, and flow cytometric analysis of annexin V/PI-stained cells. In addition, expression of ectopic p53 in p53-null cells was upregulated by pKAL in both the nucleus and cytoplasm, increasing pKAL-induced cell death. Moreover, Western bot analysis revealed that pKAL-induced cell death was associated with upregulation of p53-dependent targets such as p21, Bax and DR5 and cleavage of PARP1 and lamin A/C in p53-wild HCT116 cells, but not in p53-null. Taken together, these results indicate that p53 plays an important role in enhancing the anticancer effects of pKAL by upregulating p53 downstream targets and inducing intracellular cell death processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Joo Jung
- Departments of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (E.J.J.); (C.W.K.)
| | - Won Sup Lee
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-750-8733; Fax: +82-55-758-9122
| | - Anjugam Paramanantham
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea;
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Departments of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea;
| | - Sung Chul Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Jin-Myung Jung
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea;
| | - Chung Ho Ryu
- Department of Food Technology, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Soon Chan Hong
- Departments of Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea;
| | - Ky Hyun Chung
- Departments of Urology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea;
| | - Choong Won Kim
- Departments of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (E.J.J.); (C.W.K.)
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19
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Menyhárt O, Győrffy B. Molecular stratifications, biomarker candidates and new therapeutic options in current medulloblastoma treatment approaches. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 39:211-233. [PMID: 31970590 PMCID: PMC7098941 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant childhood tumor of the brain. Multimodal treatment consisting of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy reduced cumulative incidence of late mortality but increased the incidence of subsequent neoplasms and severe, incapacitating chronic health conditions. Present treatment strategies fail to recognize heterogeneity within patients despite wide divergence in individual responses. The persistent mortality rates and serious side effects of non-targeted cytotoxic therapies indicate a need for more refined therapeutic approaches. Advanced genomic research has led to the accumulation of an enormous amount of genetic information and resulted in a consensus distinguishing four molecular subgroups, WNT-activated, SHH-activated, and Group 3 and 4 medulloblastomas. These have distinct origin, demographics, molecular alterations, and clinical outcomes. Although subgroup affiliation does not predict response to therapy, new subgroup-specific markers of prognosis can enable a more layered risk stratification with additional subtypes within each primary subgroup. Here, we summarize subgroup-specific genetic alterations and their utility in current treatment strategies. The transition toward molecularly targeted interventions for newly diagnosed MBs remains slow, and prospective trials are needed to confirm stratifications based on molecular alterations. At the same time, numerous studies focus at fine-tuning the intensity of invasive radio- and chemotherapies to reduce intervention-related long-term morbidity. There are an increasing number of immunotherapy-based treatment strategies including immune checkpoint-inhibitors, oncolytic viruses, CAR-T therapy, and NK cells in recurrent and refractory MBs. Although most trials are in early phase, there is hope for therapeutic breakthroughs for advanced MBs within the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otília Menyhárt
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics and Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics and Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. .,Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary.
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20
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Vedoya GM, López Nigro MM, Martín GA. The secretome of non-tumorigenic mammary cells MCF-10A elicits DNA damage in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 70:105018. [PMID: 33049311 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.105018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is used in breast cancer to destroy tumor cells lingering after surgery. It is accepted that lethal effects of ionizing radiation occur as a result of damage to DNA in irradiated (IR) cells. However, response mechanisms may promote cell survival with efficient DNA repair or genomic alterations. Chromosomal aberrations are frequent in surviving cells and may enhance chromosomal instability (CIN) which is associated with increased risk of recurrence and metastasis. Intercellular communication can affect the response in IR cells and cause damage in non-irradiated (N-IR) cells. We evaluated the effect of the secretome of non-tumorigenic mammary cells (MCF-10A) on proliferation and DNA damage in breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). Results showed that conditioned media from IR and N-IR MCF-10A cells produced cycles of DNA double-strand breaks in N-IR and IR tumor cells leaving them with residual damage. CIN markers (micronuclei, nucleoplasmic bridges, nuclear buds) were also increased in IR and N-IR tumor cells, being the effect of conditioned media from IR MCF-10A greater in many cases. The inhibition of phosphorylation/activation of Src kinase in cancer cells hindered CIN markers' increment. Besides, clonogenic survival of tumor cells was differentially modulated by conditioned media from MCF-10A: decreased in MCF-7 and enhanced in MDA-MB-231 cells. These results signal the relevance of tumor-host interaction in tumor behavior and the response to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe M Vedoya
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Físicomatemática, Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela M López Nigro
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica, Laboratorio de Citogenética Humana y Citogenética Toxicológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela A Martín
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Físicomatemática, Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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21
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Bodei L, Schöder H, Baum RP, Herrmann K, Strosberg J, Caplin M, Öberg K, Modlin IM. Molecular profiling of neuroendocrine tumours to predict response and toxicity to peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. Lancet Oncol 2020; 21:e431-e443. [PMID: 32888472 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(20)30323-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is a type of radiotherapy that targets peptide receptors and is typically used for neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). Some of the key challenges in its use are the prediction of efficacy and toxicity, patient selection, and response optimisation. In this Review, we assess current knowledge on the molecular profile of NETs and the strategies and tools used to predict, monitor, and assess the toxicity of PRRT. The few mutations in tumour genes that can be evaluated (eg, ATM and DAXX) are limited to pancreatic NETs and are most likely not informative. Assays that are transcriptomic or based on genes are effective in the prediction of radiotherapy response in other cancers. A blood-based assay for eight genes (the PRRT prediction quotient [PPQ]) has an overall accuracy of 95% for predicting responses to PRRT in NETs. No molecular markers exist that can predict the toxicity of PRRT. Candidate molecular targets include seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are susceptible to radiation. Transcriptomic evaluations of blood and a combination of gene expression and specific SNPs, assessed by machine learning with algorithms that are tumour-specific, might yield molecular tools to enhance the efficacy and safety of PRRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bodei
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Heiko Schöder
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard P Baum
- CURANOSTICUM, Center for Advanced Radiomolecular Precision Oncology, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Ken Herrmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Strosberg
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Martyn Caplin
- Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kjell Öberg
- Department of Endocrine Oncology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Irvin M Modlin
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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22
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File DM, Morgan KP, Khagi S. Durable Near-Complete Response to Olaparib Plus Temozolomide and Radiation in a Patient With ATM-Mutated Glioblastoma and MSH6-Deficient Lynch Syndrome. JCO Precis Oncol 2020; 4:PO.20.00112. [PMID: 32923878 PMCID: PMC7446372 DOI: 10.1200/po.20.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M. File
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Katherine P. Morgan
- University of North Carolina Medical Center and University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Simon Khagi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
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23
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Chen L, Liao F, Jiang Z, Zhang C, Wang Z, Luo P, Jiang Q, Wu J, Wang Q, Luo M, Li X, Leng Y, Ma L, Shen G, Chen Z, Wang Y, Tan X, Gan Y, Liu D, Liu Y, Shi C. Metformin mitigates gastrointestinal radiotoxicity and radiosensitises P53 mutation colorectal tumours via optimising autophagy. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:3991-4006. [PMID: 32472692 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There is an urgent but unmet need for mitigating radiation-induced intestinal toxicity while radio sensitising tumours for abdominal radiotherapy. We aimed to investigate the effects of metformin on radiation-induced intestinal toxicity and radiosensitivity of colorectal tumours. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Acute and chronic histological injuries of the intestine from mice were used to assess radioprotection and IEC-6 cell line was used to investigate the mechanisms in vitro. The fractionated abdominal radiation model of HCT116 and HT29 tumour grafts was used to determine the effects on colorectal cancer. KEY RESULTS Metformin alleviated radiation-induced acute and chronic intestinal toxicity by optimising mitophagy which was AMPK-dependent. In addition, our data indicated that metformin increased the radiosensitivity of colorectal tumours with P53 mutation both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Metformin may be a radiotherapy adjuvant agent for colorectal cancers especially those carrying P53 mutation. Our findings provide a new strategy for further precise clinical trials for metformin on radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Fengying Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongyong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ziwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qingzhi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Min Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Toxicology, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xueru Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Gener Hospital), Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Leng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Gener Hospital), Chongqing, China
| | - Le Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Gufang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zelin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yibo Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Dengqun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yunsheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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24
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Tang T, Xiao ZY, Shan G, Lei HB. Descending-SHIP2-mediated radiosensitivity enhancement through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109392. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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25
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Thomas A, Noël G. Medulloblastoma: optimizing care with a multidisciplinary approach. J Multidiscip Healthc 2019; 12:335-347. [PMID: 31118657 PMCID: PMC6498429 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s167808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is a malignant tumor of the cerebellum and the most frequent malignant brain tumor in children. The standard of care consists of maximal resection surgery, followed by craniospinal irradiation and chemotherapy. Such treatment allows long-term survival rates of nearly 70%; however, there are wide disparities among patient outcomes, and in any case, major long-term morbidity is observed with conventional treatment. In the last two decades, the molecular understanding of medulloblastoma has improved drastically, allowing us to revolutionize our understanding of medulloblastoma pathophysiological mechanisms. These advances led to an international consensus in 2010 that defined four prognostic molecular subgroups named after their affected signaling pathways, that is, WNT, SHH, Group 3 and Group 4. The molecular understanding of medulloblastoma is starting to translate through to clinical settings due to the development of targeted therapies. Moreover, recent improvements in radiotherapy modalities and the reconsideration of craniospinal irradiation according to the molecular status hold promise for survival preservation and the reduction of radiation-induced morbidity. This review is an overview of the current knowledge of medulloblastoma through a molecular approach, and therapeutic prospects currently being developed in surgery, radiotherapy and targeted therapies to optimize the treatment of medulloblastoma with a multidisciplinary approach will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Thomas
- Radiotherapy Department, Centre Paul Strauss, UNICANCER, F-67065 Strasbourg, France,
| | - Georges Noël
- Radiotherapy Department, Centre Paul Strauss, UNICANCER, F-67065 Strasbourg, France, .,Radiobiology Lab, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Centre Paul Strauss, UNICANCER, F-67000 Strasbourg, France,
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26
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Menyhárt O, Győrffy B. Principles of tumorigenesis and emerging molecular drivers of SHH-activated medulloblastomas. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:990-1005. [PMID: 31139698 PMCID: PMC6529984 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SHH-activated medulloblastomas (SHH-MB) account for 25-30% of all medulloblastomas (MB) and occur with a bimodal age distribution, encompassing many infant and adult, but fewer childhood cases. Different age groups are characterized by distinct survival outcomes and age-specific alterations of regulatory pathways. Here, we review SHH-specific genetic aberrations and signaling pathways. Over 95% of SHH-MBs contain at least one driver event - the activating mutations frequently affect sonic hedgehog signaling (PTCH1, SMO, SUFU), genome maintenance (TP53), and chromatin modulation (KMT2D, KMT2C, HAT complexes), while genes responsible for transcriptional regulation (MYCN) are recurrently amplified. SHH-MBs have the highest prevalence of damaging germline mutations among all MBs. TP53-mutant MBs are enriched among older children and have the worst prognosis among all SHH-MBs. Numerous genetic aberrations, including mutations of TERT, DDX3X, and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway are almost exclusive to adult patients. We elaborate on the newest development within the evolution of molecular subclassification, and compare proposed risk categories across emerging classification systems. We discuss discoveries based on preclinical models and elaborate on the applicability of potential new therapies, including BET bromodomain inhibitors, statins, inhibitors of SMO, AURK, PLK, cMET, targeting stem-like cells, and emerging immunotherapeutic strategies. An enormous amount of data on the genetic background of SHH-MB have accumulated, nevertheless, subgroup affiliation does not provide reliable prediction about response to therapy. Emerging subtypes within SHH-MB offer more layered risk stratifications. Rational clinical trial designs with the incorporation of available molecular knowledge are inevitable. Improved collaboration across the scientific community will be imperative for therapeutic breakthroughs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otília Menyhárt
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics Semmelweis University H-1094 Budapest Hungary.,MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group Institute of Enzymology Hungarian Academy of Sciences Magyar tudósok körútja 2 Budapest Hungary
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics Semmelweis University H-1094 Budapest Hungary.,MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group Institute of Enzymology Hungarian Academy of Sciences Magyar tudósok körútja 2 Budapest Hungary
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27
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Cytarabine-Resistant FLT3-ITD Leukemia Cells are Associated with TP53 Mutation and Multiple Pathway Alterations-Possible Therapeutic Efficacy of Cabozantinib. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051230. [PMID: 30862120 PMCID: PMC6429333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Internal tandem duplication of FLT3 juxtamembrane domain (FLT3-ITD)-positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) leads to poor clinical outcomes after chemotherapy. We aimed to establish a cytarabine-resistant line from FLT3-ITD-positive MV4-11 (MV4-11-P) cells and examine the development of resistance. The FLT3-ITD mutation was retained in MV4-11-R; however, the protein was underglycosylated and less phosphorylated in these cells. Moreover, the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, Akt, MEK1/2 and p53 increased in MV4-11-R. The levels of Mcl-1 and p53 proteins were also elevated in MV4-11-R. A p53 D281G mutant emerged in MV4-11-R, in addition to the pre-existing R248W mutation. MV4-11-P and MV4-11-R showed similar sensitivity to cabozantinib, sorafenib, and MK2206, whereas MV4-11-R showed resistance to CI-1040 and idarubicin. MV4-11-R resistance may be associated with inhibition of Akt phosphorylation, but not ERK phosphorylation, after exposure to these drugs. The multi-kinase inhibitor cabozantinib inhibited FLT3-ITD signaling in MV4-11-R cells and MV4-11-R-derived tumors in mice. Cabozantinib effectively inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival time in mice bearing MV4-11-R-derived tumors. Together, our findings suggest that Mcl-1 and Akt phosphorylation are potential therapeutic targets for p53 mutants and that cabozantinib is an effective treatment in cytarabine-resistant FLT3-ITD-positive AML.
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28
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Sheng X, Zhou Y, Wang H, Shen Y, Liao Q, Rao Z, Deng F, Xie L, Yao C, Mao H, Liu Z, Peng M, Long Y, Zeng Y, Xue L, Gao N, Kong Y, Zhou X. Establishment and characterization of a radiation-induced dermatitis rat model. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3178-3189. [PMID: 30821089 PMCID: PMC6484338 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation‐induced dermatitis is a common and serious side effect after radiotherapy. Current clinical treatments cannot efficiently or fully prevent the occurrence of post‐irradiation dermatitis, which remains a significant clinical problem. Resolving this challenge requires gaining a better understanding of the precise pathophysiology, which in turn requires establishment of a suitable animal model that mimics the clinical condition, and can also be used to investigate the mechanism and explore effective treatment options. In this study, a single dose of 90 Gy irradiation to rats resulted in ulceration, dermal thickening, inflammation, hair follicle loss, and sebaceous glands loss, indicating successful establishment of the model. Few hair follicle cells migrated to form epidermal cells, and both the severity of skin fibrosis and hydroxyproline levels increased with time post‐irradiation. Radiation damaged the mitochondria and induced both apoptosis and autophagy of the skin cells. Therefore, irradiation of 90 Gy can be used to successfully establish a rat model of radiation‐induced dermatitis. This model will be helpful for developing new treatments and gaining a better understanding of the pathological mechanism of radiation‐induced dermatitis. Specifically, our results suggest autophagy regulation as a potentially effective therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowu Sheng
- Hunan Branch Center, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Translational Medical Center, Central Laboratory, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yongyi Shen
- Nursing Department, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- Hunan Branch Center, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Translational Medical Center, Central Laboratory, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhen Rao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Feiyan Deng
- University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Luyuan Xie
- University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chaoling Yao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Huangxing Mao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhiyan Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Mingjing Peng
- Hunan Branch Center, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Translational Medical Center, Central Laboratory, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ying Long
- Hunan Branch Center, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Translational Medical Center, Central Laboratory, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Hunan Branch Center, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Translational Medical Center, Central Laboratory, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lei Xue
- Pathology Department, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Nina Gao
- Pathology Department, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yu Kong
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Hunan Branch Center, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Translational Medical Center, Central Laboratory, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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29
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Alavi MV. Targeted OMA1 therapies for cancer. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:2330-2341. [PMID: 30714136 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial inner membrane proteins OMA1 and OPA1 belong to the BAX/BAK1-dependent apoptotic signaling pathway, which can be regulated by tumor protein p53 and the prohibitins PHB and PHB2 in the context of neoplastic disease. For the most part these proteins have been studied separate from each other. Here, I argue that the OMA1 mechanism of action represents the missing link between p53 and cytochrome c release. The mitochondrial fusion protein OPA1 is cleaved by OMA1 in a stress-dependent manner generating S-OPA1. Excessive S-OPA1 can facilitate outer membrane permeabilization upon BAX/BAK1 activation through its membrane shaping properties. p53 helps outer membrane permeabilization in a 2-step process. First, cytosolic p53 activates BAX/BAK1 at the mitochondrial surface. Then, in a second step, p53 binds to prohibitin thereby releasing the restraint on OMA1. This activates OMA1, which cleaves OPA1 and promotes cytochrome c release. Clearly, OMA1 and OPA1 are not root causes for cancer. Yet many cancer cells rely on this pathway for survival, which can explain why loss of p53 function promotes tumor growth and confers resistance to chemotherapies.
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30
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Yan Y, Qing Y, Pink JJ, Gerson SL. Loss of Uracil DNA Glycosylase Selectively Resensitizes p53-Mutant and -Deficient Cells to 5-FdU. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:212-221. [PMID: 29117941 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitors including fluoropyrimidines [e.g., 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and 5-Fluorodeoxyuridine (5-FdU, floxuridine)] and antifolates (e.g., pemetrexed) are widely used against solid tumors. Previously, we reported that shRNA-mediated knockdown (KD) of uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG) sensitized cancer cells to 5-FdU. Because p53 has also been shown as a critical determinant of the sensitivity to TS inhibitors, we further interrogated 5-FdU cytotoxicity after UDG depletion with regard to p53 status. By analyzing a panel of human cancer cells with known p53 status, it was determined that p53-mutated or -deficient cells are highly resistant to 5-FdU. UDG depletion resensitizes 5-FdU in p53-mutant and -deficient cells, whereas p53 wild-type (WT) cells are not affected under similar conditions. Utilizing paired HCT116 p53 WT and p53 knockout (KO) cells, it was shown that loss of p53 improves cell survival after 5-FdU, and UDG depletion only significantly sensitizes p53 KO cells. This sensitization can also be recapitulated by UDG depletion in cells with p53 KD by shRNAs. In addition, sensitization is also observed with pemetrexed in p53 KO cells, but not with 5-FU, most likely due to RNA incorporation. Importantly, in p53 WT cells, the apoptosis pathway induced by 5-FdU is activated independent of UDG status. However, in p53 KO cells, apoptosis is compromised in UDG-expressing cells, but dramatically elevated in UDG-depleted cells. Collectively, these results provide evidence that loss of UDG catalyzes significant cell death signals only in cancer cells mutant or deficient in p53.Implications: This study reveals that UDG depletion restores sensitivity to TS inhibitors and has chemotherapeutic potential in the context of mutant or deficient p53. Mol Cancer Res; 16(2); 212-21. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yulan Qing
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - John J Pink
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Stanton L Gerson
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
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31
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Sellevold S, Peng Q, Fremstedal ASV, Berg K. Photochemical internalization (PCI) of bleomycin is equally effective in two dissimilar leiomyosarcoma xenografts in athymic mice. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017; 20:95-106. [PMID: 28865875 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photochemical internalization (PCI) is a novel technique for delivery of active macromolecules into cancerous cells, via light activation of a specific photosensitizer and a low dose systemic drug. Numerous pre-clinical studies and one clinical trial have confirmed the treatment potential in carcinomas. Soft tissue sarcomas are rare and generally resistant to radio- and chemotherapy. Due to treatment resistance and surgical morbidity in sarcoma care, we seek to increase knowledge on PCI effects in sarcomas by studying two different, but closely related leiomyosarcomas. METHODS MES-SA and SK-LMS-1 tumours were established in the leg muscles of athymic mice. Treatment effects after AlPcS2a-PCI of bleomycin, PCI with no drug (photodynamic therapy, PDT) and control groups were evaluated by: 1) assessment of tumour growth, 2) uptake of contrast agent during MRI and 3) histopathology. RESULTS PCI of bleomycin induced a similar and significant increase in time to reach the end point in both tumour models, while neither responded to AlPcS2a-PDT. In the MES-SA tumours PCI reduced the growth rate, while in the SK-LMS-1 tumours the growth was blocked for 12days followed by exponential growth close to that of untreated tumours. SK-LMS-1 tumours were more homogenously and better vascularized than MES-SA. After PCI the vascular shutdown was more complete in the SK-LMS-1 tumours than in the MES-SA tumours. CONCLUSIONS AlPcS2a-based PCI, but not PDT, induced significant tumour growth delay in the evaluated sarcomas. Cellular responsiveness to bleomycin and tumour vascularity are identified as predictive markers for PCI treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simen Sellevold
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Qian Peng
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Ane Sofie Viset Fremstedal
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Berg
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
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32
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Archer TC, Mahoney EL, Pomeroy SL. Medulloblastoma: Molecular Classification-Based Personal Therapeutics. Neurotherapeutics 2017; 14:265-273. [PMID: 28386677 PMCID: PMC5398996 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-017-0526-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in cancer genomics have revealed 4 distinct subgroups of medulloblastomas, each with unique transcription profiles, DNA alterations and clinical outcome. Molecular classification of medulloblastomas improves predictions of clinical outcome, allowing more accurate matching of intensity of conventional treatments with chemotherapy and radiation to overall prognosis and setting the stage for the introduction of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenley C Archer
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Scott L Pomeroy
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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33
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Friesen WJ, Trotta CR, Tomizawa Y, Zhuo J, Johnson B, Sierra J, Roy B, Weetall M, Hedrick J, Sheedy J, Takasugi J, Moon YC, Babu S, Baiazitov R, Leszyk JD, Davis TW, Colacino JM, Peltz SW, Welch EM. The nucleoside analog clitocine is a potent and efficacious readthrough agent. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 23:567-577. [PMID: 28096517 PMCID: PMC5340919 DOI: 10.1261/rna.060236.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Nonsense mutations resulting in a premature stop codon in an open reading frame occur in critical tumor suppressor genes in a large number of the most common forms of cancers and are known to cause or contribute to the progression of disease. Low molecular weight compounds that induce readthrough of nonsense mutations offer a new means of treating patients with genetic disorders or cancers resulting from nonsense mutations. We have identified the nucleoside analog clitocine as a potent and efficacious suppressor of nonsense mutations. We determined that incorporation of clitocine into RNA during transcription is a prerequisite for its readthrough activity; the presence of clitocine in the third position of a premature stop codon directly induces readthrough. We demonstrate that clitocine can induce the production of p53 protein in cells harboring p53 nonsense-mutated alleles. In these cells, clitocine restored production of full-length and functional p53 as evidenced by induced transcriptional activation of downstream p53 target genes, progression of cells into apoptosis, and impeded growth of nonsense-containing human ovarian cancer tumors in xenograft tumor models. Thus, clitocine induces readthrough of nonsense mutations by a previously undescribed mechanism and represents a novel therapeutic modality to treat cancers and genetic diseases caused by nonsense mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuki Tomizawa
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, USA
| | - Jin Zhuo
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, USA
| | - Briana Johnson
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, USA
| | - Jairo Sierra
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, USA
| | - Bijoyita Roy
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, USA
| | - Marla Weetall
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, USA
| | - Jean Hedrick
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, USA
| | | | - James Takasugi
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, USA
| | | | - Suresh Babu
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, USA
| | - Ramil Baiazitov
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, USA
| | - John D Leszyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655-0122, USA
| | - Thomas W Davis
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, USA
| | | | - Stuart W Peltz
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, USA
| | - Ellen M Welch
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, USA
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34
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Li K, Qu S, Chen X, Wu Q, Shi M. Promising Targets for Cancer Immunotherapy: TLRs, RLRs, and STING-Mediated Innate Immune Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E404. [PMID: 28216575 PMCID: PMC5343938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant cancers employ diverse and intricate immune evasion strategies, which lead to inadequately effective responses of many clinical cancer therapies. However, emerging data suggest that activation of the tolerant innate immune system in cancer patients is able, at least partially, to counteract tumor-induced immunosuppression, which indicates triggering of the innate immune response as a novel immunotherapeutic strategy may result in improved therapeutic outcomes for cancer patients. The promising innate immune targets include Toll-like Receptors (TLRs), RIG-I-like Receptors (RLRs), and Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING). This review discusses the antitumor properties of TLRs, RLRs, and STING-mediated innate immune pathways, as well as the promising innate immune targets for potential application in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Shuai Qu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Ming Shi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.
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35
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Wu J, Zhu Y, Xu C, Xu H, Zhou X, Yang J, Xie Y, Tao M. Adenovirus-mediated p53 and ING4 gene co-transfer elicits synergistic antitumor effects through enhancement of p53 acetylation in breast cancer. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:243-52. [PMID: 26530780 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Multigene-based combination therapy may be an effective practice in cancer gene therapy. Substantial studies have demonstrated that tumor suppressor p53 acetylation is indispensable for p53 activation. Inhibitor of growth 4 (ING4), as a novel tumor suppressor, is capable of remarkably enhancing p53 acetylation and its transcriptional activity. Hence, we assumed that combined treatment of p53 and ING4 double tumor suppressors would exhibit enhanced antitumor effects. The combined therapeutic efficacy of p53 and ING4 for human cancers has not been previously reported. We thus generated multiple promoter expression cassette-based recombinant adenovirus-co-expressing ING4 and p53 double tumor suppressor genes (AdVING4/p53), evaluated the combined effects of AdVING4/p53 on breast cancer using the MDA-MB-231 (mutant p53) human breast cancer cell line, and also elucidated its underlying molecular mechanisms. We demonstrated that AdVING4/p53-mediated p53 and ING4 co-expression induced synergistic growth inhibition and apoptosis as well as enhanced effects on upregulation of acetylated p53, P21, Bax, PUMA, Noxa, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP, and downregulation of Bcl-2, CD31 and microvessel density (MVD) in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer in vitro and/or in vivo subcutaneous (s.c.) xenografted tumors. The synergistic antitumor activity elicited by AdVING4/p53 was closely associated with the enhanced activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway and synergistic inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, very possibly via ING4-mediated enhancement of p53 acetylation and activity. Thus, our results indicate that cancer gene therapy combining two or more tumor suppressors such as p53 and ING4 may constitute a novel and effective therapeutic modality for human breast cancer and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yanbo Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Chun Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xiumin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jicheng Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Xie
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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36
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Giraud F, Bourhis M, Ebrahimi E, Herfindal L, Choudhury RR, Bjørnstad R, Døskeland SO, Anizon F, Moreau P. Synthesis and activities of new indolopyrrolobenzodiazepine derivatives toward acute myeloid leukemia cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:7313-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Garufi A, D'Orazi V, Crispini A, D'Orazi G. Zn(II)-curc targets p53 in thyroid cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:1241-8. [PMID: 26314369 PMCID: PMC4583539 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 mutation is a common event in many cancers, including thyroid carcinoma. Defective p53 activity promotes cancer resistance to therapies and a more malignant phenotype, acquiring oncogenic functions. Rescuing the function of mutant p53 (mutp53) protein is an attractive anticancer therapeutic strategy. Zn(II)-curc is a novel small molecule that has been shown to target mutp53 protein in several cancer cells, but its effect in thyroid cancer cells remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether Zn(II)-curc could affect p53 in thyroid cancer cells with both p53 mutation (R273H) and wild-type p53. Zn(II)-curc induced mutp53H273 downregulation and reactivation of wild-type functions, such as binding to canonical target promoters and target gene transactivation. This latter effect was similar to that induced by PRIMA-1. In addition, Zn(II)-curc triggered p53 target gene expression in wild-type p53-carrying cells. In combination treatments, Zn(II)-curc enhanced the antitumor activity of chemotherapeutic drugs, in both mutant and wild-type-carrying cancer cells. Taken together, our data indicate that Zn(II)-curc promotes the reactivation of p53 in thyroid cancer cells, providing in vitro evidence for a potential therapeutic approach in thyroid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Garufi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio D'Orazi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Crispini
- Department of Chemistry and Technologic Chemistry, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Gabriella D'Orazi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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38
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Zhang J, Shen L, Sun LQ. The regulation of radiosensitivity by p53 and its acetylation. Cancer Lett 2015; 363:108-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Speidel D. The role of DNA damage responses in p53 biology. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:501-17. [PMID: 25618545 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1459-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The tumour suppressor p53 is a central player in cellular DNA damage responses. P53 is upregulated and activated by genotoxic stress and induces a transcriptional programme with effectors promoting apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, senescence and DNA repair. For the best part of the last three decades, these DNA damage-related programmes triggered by p53 were unequivocally regarded as the major if not sole mechanism by which p53 exerts its tumour suppressor function. However, this interpretation has been challenged by a number of recent in vivo studies, demonstrating that mice which are defective in inducing p53-dependent apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and senescence suppress thymic lymphoma as well as wild-type p53 expressing animals. Consequently, the importance of DNA damage responses for p53-mediated tumour suppression has been questioned. In this review, I summarize current knowledge on p53-controlled DNA damage responses and argue that these activities, while their role has certainly changed, remain an important feature of p53 biology with relevance for cancer therapy and tumour suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Speidel
- Children's Medical Research Institute, 214 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia,
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