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Li H, Pan T, Gao L, Ding R, Yu Y, Ma M, Wang Y, Jin S, Chen Y, Ding C, Xu L. Chemokine receptor CCR1 regulates macrophage activation through mTORC1 signaling in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Metabolism 2024; 151:155758. [PMID: 38070823 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chemokine (CC motif) receptor 1 (CCR1) promotes liver fibrosis in mice. However, its effects on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remain unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role of CCR1 in the progression of NASH. METHODS Human serum and liver tissues were obtained from patients with NASH and controls. Systemic (Ccr1-/-) and liver macrophage-knockout Ccr1 (Ccr1LKD) mice were fed a high-cholesterol and high-fat (CL) diet for 12 weeks or a methionine/choline-deficient (MCD) diet for 4 weeks. BX471 was used to pharmacologically inhibit CCR1 in CL-fed mice. RESULTS CCR1 was significantly upregulated in liver samples from patients with NASH and in animal models of dietary-induced NASH. In the livers of mice fed a CL diet for 12 weeks, the CCR1 protein colocalized with F4/80+ macrophages rather than with hepatic stellate cells. Compared to their wild-type littermates, Ccr1-/- mice fed with the CL or MCD diet showed inhibition of NASH-associated hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Mechanistically, Ccr1 deficiency suppressed macrophage infiltration and activation by attenuating the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. Similar results were observed in Ccr1LKD mice administered the CL diet. Moreover, CCR1 inhibition by BX471 effectively suppressed NASH progression in CL-fed mice. CONCLUSIONS Ccr1 deficiency mitigated macrophage activity by inhibiting mTORC1 signaling, thereby preventing the development of NASH. Notably, the CCR1 inhibitor BX471 protected against NASH. These findings would help in developing novel strategies for the treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tongtong Pan
- Hepatology Diagnosis and Treatment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingjia Gao
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rongxiu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanwen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengchen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yajiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengnan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongping Chen
- Hepatology Diagnosis and Treatment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chunming Ding
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Liang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China.
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Francque SM, Hodge A, Boursier J, Younes ZH, Rodriguez-Araujo G, Park GS, Alkhouri N, Abdelmalek MF. Phase 2, open-label, rollover study of cenicriviroc for liver fibrosis associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0335. [PMID: 38285756 PMCID: PMC10830067 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cenicriviroc (CVC) is a novel, orally administered antagonist of chemokine receptor types 2/5 that has demonstrated antifibrotic activity in a phase 2b study of patients with NASH. This phase 2, open-label, rollover study investigated the long-term safety and tolerability of CVC in patients with NASH and stage 0-4 liver fibrosis. METHODS Eligible patients who completed the phase 2 CENTAUR study or reached a predefined endpoint in the phase 3 AURORA study were rolled over and received open-label CVC 150 mg once daily. Safety assessments were conducted at the start of the study, and patients were seen in the clinic every 3 months until the study sponsor terminated CVC development. Safety endpoints included treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), treatment-related TEAEs, adverse event severity, and clinical laboratory assessments. RESULTS A total of 167 patients were enrolled, with a median treatment duration of 33.6 months. Before study termination, 36 patients (21.6%) prematurely discontinued the study. Treatment-related TEAEs were reported in 28 patients (16.8%). The most common treatment-related TEAEs were 4 cases of diarrhea (2.4%) and 2 cases each (1.2%) of abdominal pain, nausea, alanine aminotransferase increased, aspartate aminotransferase increased, hypertriglyceridemia, myalgia, pruritus, and rash. The majority of these treatment-related events were mild in intensity, and none were life-threatening. There were no clinically meaningful changes in hepatic function, chemistry, or liver parameters from baseline to the end of the study. CONCLUSIONS In this rollover study, CVC 150 mg once daily was well tolerated in patients with NASH and stage 0-4 liver fibrosis. No new safety signals were reported, and these data further support the safety and tolerability of CVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven M. Francque
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- InflaMed Centre of Excellence, Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Translational Sciences in Inflammation and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alexander Hodge
- Department of Gastroenterology Eastern Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jerome Boursier
- HIFIH Laboratory UPRES EA3859, SFR ICAT 4208, Angers University, Angers, France
- Hepato-Gastroenterology and Oncology Department, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Manal F. Abdelmalek
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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3
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Min BH, Devi S, Kwon GH, Gupta H, Jeong JJ, Sharma SP, Won SM, Oh KK, Yoon SJ, Park HJ, Eom JA, Jeong MK, Hyun JY, Stalin N, Park TS, Choi J, Lee DY, Han SH, Kim DJ, Suk KT. Gut microbiota-derived indole compounds attenuate metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease by improving fat metabolism and inflammation. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2307568. [PMID: 38299316 PMCID: PMC10841017 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2307568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, and its prevalence has increased worldwide in recent years. Additionally, there is a close relationship between MASLD and gut microbiota-derived metabolites. However, the mechanisms of MASLD and its metabolites are still unclear. We demonstrated decreased indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the feces of patients with hepatic steatosis compared to healthy controls. Here, IPA and IAA administration ameliorated hepatic steatosis and inflammation in an animal model of WD-induced MASLD by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway through a reduction in endotoxin levels and inactivation of macrophages. Bifidobacterium bifidum metabolizes tryptophan to produce IAA, and B. bifidum effectively prevents hepatic steatosis and inflammation through the production of IAA. Our study demonstrates that IPA and IAA derived from the gut microbiota have novel preventive or therapeutic potential for MASLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Hyun Min
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Shivani Devi
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Sungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Goo Hyun Kwon
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haripriya Gupta
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ju Jeong
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Satya Priya Sharma
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Won
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Kwang Oh
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Yoon
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Park
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung A Eom
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyo Jeong
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ye Hyun
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nattan Stalin
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Sungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Sik Park
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Sungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Research Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Yup Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Research Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hak Han
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Joon Kim
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Tae Suk
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Anstee QM, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Wai-Sun Wong V, Abdelmalek MF, Rodriguez-Araujo G, Landgren H, Park GS, Bedossa P, Alkhouri N, Tacke F, Sanyal AJ. Cenicriviroc Lacked Efficacy to Treat Liver Fibrosis in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: AURORA Phase III Randomized Study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 22:124-134.e1. [PMID: 37061109 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cenicriviroc (CVC) is a novel, orally administered, chemokine receptor type 2 and 5 antagonist that showed antifibrotic potential in preclinical and phase IIb studies of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Herein, we report efficacy and safety results from the phase III study. METHODS The AURORA (A Study for the Efficacy and Safety of CVC for the Treatment of Liver Fibrosis in Adults With NASH) study was a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2-part study of patients with NASH and stage 2/3 liver fibrosis. Adults, 18-75 years of age, were randomized to CVC 150 mg or placebo once daily for 12 months (part 1) or 60 months (part 2). Liver biopsies were performed at screening, month 12, and early study discontinuation or termination. The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of patients with fibrosis improvement ≥1 stage without worsening of steatohepatitis at month 12 relative to screening. Adverse events were assessed throughout the study. RESULTS A total of 1778 patients were randomized and discontinued (part 1: n = 1293; part 2: n = 485). In part 1, at month 12, a similar proportion of patients receiving CVC or placebo achieved the primary endpoint (22.3% vs 25.5%; odds ratio, 0.84; 95% confidence interval, 0.63-1.10; P = .21) and complete resolution of steatohepatitis without worsening of fibrosis (23.0% vs 27.2%; P = .21). The safety profile was generally comparable across treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS This study did not demonstrate the efficacy of CVC for treating liver fibrosis assessed by histology in adults with NASH; however, CVC was safe and well tolerated in patients with NASH and liver fibrosis. (ClinicalTrials.gov, Number: NCT03028740).
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin M Anstee
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Brent A Neuschwander-Tetri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Manal F Abdelmalek
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | | | - Pierre Bedossa
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | | | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arun J Sanyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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Kui L, Kim AD, Onyuru J, Hoffman HM, Feldstein AE. BRP39 Regulates Neutrophil Recruitment in NLRP3 Inflammasome-Induced Liver Inflammation. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:481-497. [PMID: 38092312 PMCID: PMC10837621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Breast regression protein 39 (BRP39) (Chi3L1) and its human homolog YKL-40, is an established biomarker of liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients, but its role in NASH pathogenesis remains unclear. We recently identified Chi3L1 as one of the top up-regulated genes in mice with inducible gain-of-function NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) activation that mimics several liver features of NASH. This study aimed to investigate the effects of BRP39 deficiency on NLRP3-induced liver inflammation using tamoxifen-inducible Nlrp3 knockin mice sufficient (Nlrp3A350V CRT) and deficient for BRP39 (Nlrp3A350V/BRP-/- CRT). METHODS Using Nlrp3A350V CRT mice and Nlrp3A350V BRP-/- CRT, we investigated the consequences of BRP39 deficiency influencing NLRP3-induced liver inflammation. RESULTS Our results showed that BRP39 deficiency in NLRP3-induced inflammation improved body weight and liver weight. Moreover, liver inflammation, fibrosis, and hepatic stellate cell activation were reduced significantly, corresponding to significantly decreased Ly6C+ infiltrating macrophages, CD68+ osteopontin-positive hepatic lipid-associated macrophages, and activated Lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus G6D positive (Ly6G+) and citrullinated histone H3 postivie (H3Cit+) neutrophil accumulation in the liver. Further investigation showed that circulatory neutrophils from NLRP3-induced BRP39-deficient mice have impaired chemotaxis and migration ability, and this was confirmed by RNA bulk sequencing showing reduced immune activation, migration, and signaling responses in neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS These data showcase the importance of BRP39 in regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome during liver inflammation and fibrotic NASH by altering cellular activation, recruitment, and infiltration during disease progression, and revealing BRP39 to be a potential therapeutic target for future treatment of inflammatory NASH and its associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Kui
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Andrea D Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Janset Onyuru
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Hal M Hoffman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Ariel E Feldstein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk, Denmark.
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6
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Shi XY, Zheng XM, Liu HJ, Han X, Zhang L, Hu B, Li S. Rotundic acid improves nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice by regulating glycolysis and the TLR4/AP1 signaling pathway. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:214. [PMID: 38049817 PMCID: PMC10694891 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01976-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Steatosis and inflammation are the hallmarks of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Rotundic acid (RA) is among the key triterpenes of Ilicis Rotundae Cortex and has exhibited multipronged effects in terms of lowering the lipid content and alleviating inflammation. The study objective is to systematically evaluate the potential mechanisms through which RA affects the development and progression of NASH. METHODS Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of primary hepatocytes isolated from the control, high-fat diet-induced NASH, and RA treatment groups were performed through Gene Ontology analysis and pathway enrichment. Hub genes were identified through network analysis. Integrative analysis revealed key RA-regulated pathways, which were verified by gene and protein expression studies and cell assays. RESULTS Hub genes were identified and enriched in the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/activator protein-1 (AP1) signaling pathway and glycolysis pathway. RA reversed glycolysis and attenuated the TLR4/AP1 pathway, thereby reducing lipid accumulation and inflammation. Additionally, lactate release in L-02 cells increased with NaAsO2-treated and significantly decreased with RA treatment, thus revealing that RA had a major impact on glycolysis. CONCLUSIONS RA is effective in lowering the lipid content and reducing inflammation in mice with NASH by ameliorating glycolysis and TLR4/AP1 pathways, which contributes to the existing knowledge and potentially sheds light on the development of therapeutic interventions for patients with NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yang Shi
- MOE International Joint Laboratory for Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Min Zheng
- MOE International Joint Laboratory for Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Jie Liu
- MOE International Joint Laboratory for Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xue Han
- MOE International Joint Laboratory for Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- MOE International Joint Laboratory for Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Blood Products, Guangdong Institute for Drug Control, Guangzhou, 510663, PR China
| | - Bei Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510030, PR China.
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Shan Li
- MOE International Joint Laboratory for Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
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7
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Chen YQ. NASH Drug Development: Seeing the Light at the End of the Tunnel? J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:1397-1403. [PMID: 37719961 PMCID: PMC10500295 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2023.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a chronic liver disease affecting a large population worldwide. No clinically approved drugs are available. In this minireview, we discuss the heterogeneous nature of NASH and lack of consensus in outcome measures among clinical trials. We summarize NASH therapeutic targets and candidate drugs. We compare the efficacy of 33 published clinical trials that evaluated noninvasive biomarkers and liver biopsy. Currently, phase II trial results of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and phase III trial results of resmetirom and pioglitazone are encouraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Q. Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Li Y, Chen Y, Xiao X, Deng S, Kuang J, Wang Y. CX3CL1 represses autophagy via CX3CR1/ CaMKIIδ/HDAC4/Rubicon axis and exacerbates chronic intermittent hypoxia induced Kupffer cell apoptosis. Cell Signal 2023; 111:110873. [PMID: 37640194 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nocturnal hypoxemia is an established factor in the pathogenesis and exacerbation of term metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Kupffer cells (KCs) are resident macrophages in the liver, and their activity is closely related to the progress of MAFLD. KC insufficient autophagy is involved in MAFLD pathogenesis. Herein, the regulatory mechanism of KC autophagy under chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) condition was investigated. METHODS Primary KCs and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were isolated from mouse liver. Immunofluorescence was employed to detect immunofluorescence intensity of LC3 protein and HDAC4 distribution. KC apoptosis was measured by TUNEL staining. Dual-luciferase reporter and ChIP assays were performed to analyze the interactions between HDAC4, MEF2C and RUBCN. RESULTS Herein, our results revealed that CIH-induced increased CX3CL1 in HSCs inhibited KC autophagy and promoted cell apoptosis by interacting with CX3CR1. Meanwhile, CX3CL1 treatment inhibited KC autophagy (p < 0.001, fold change: 0.059) and promoted cell apoptosis (p < 0.001, fold change: 8.18). Rubicon knockdown promoted KC autophagy (p < 0.001, fold change: 2.90) and inhibited cell apoptosis (p < 0.05, fold change: 0.23), while these effects were reversed by CX3CL1 treatment (p < 0.01, fold change: 6.59; p < 0.001, fold change: 0.35). Our mechanistic experiments demonstrated that HDAC4 overexpression transcriptionally inhibited RUBCN expression by interacting with MEF2C, thereby promoting KC autophagy and inhibiting cell apoptosis. Moreover, CaMKIIδ inhibition promoted the translocation of HDAC4 from the cytosol to the nucleus to promote KC autophagy and inhibit the apoptosis. CONCLUSION Taken together, CIH-induced increased CX3CL1 expression in HSCs inhibited KC autophagy and promoted apoptosis by regulating the CX3CR1/ CaMKIIδ/HDAC4/Rubicon axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayong Li
- Department of Emergency, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Yuanguo Chen
- Department of Emergency, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Silei Deng
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Jingjie Kuang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Yina Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, PR China.
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Gîlcă-Blanariu GE, Budur DS, Mitrică DE, Gologan E, Timofte O, Bălan GG, Olteanu VA, Ștefănescu G. Advances in Noninvasive Biomarkers for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Metabolites 2023; 13:1115. [PMID: 37999211 PMCID: PMC10672868 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13111115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) currently represents one of the most common liver diseases worldwide. Early diagnosis and disease staging is crucial, since it is mainly asymptomatic, but can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) or cirrhosis or even lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Over time, efforts have been put into developing noninvasive diagnostic and staging methods in order to replace the use of a liver biopsy. The noninvasive methods used include imaging techniques that measure liver stiffness and biological markers, with a focus on serum biomarkers. Due to the impressive complexity of the NAFLD's pathophysiology, biomarkers are able to assay different processes involved, such as apoptosis, fibrogenesis, and inflammation, or even address the genetic background and "omics" technologies. This article reviews not only the currently validated noninvasive methods to investigate NAFLD but also the promising results regarding recently discovered biomarkers, including biomarker panels and the combination of the currently validated evaluation methods and serum markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgiana-Emmanuela Gîlcă-Blanariu
- Gastroenterology Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (G.-E.G.-B.); (D.E.M.); (E.G.); (O.T.); (G.G.B.); (V.A.O.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Sf Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 100115 Iași, Romania
| | - Daniela Simona Budur
- Gastroenterology Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (G.-E.G.-B.); (D.E.M.); (E.G.); (O.T.); (G.G.B.); (V.A.O.)
| | - Dana Elena Mitrică
- Gastroenterology Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (G.-E.G.-B.); (D.E.M.); (E.G.); (O.T.); (G.G.B.); (V.A.O.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Sf Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 100115 Iași, Romania
| | - Elena Gologan
- Gastroenterology Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (G.-E.G.-B.); (D.E.M.); (E.G.); (O.T.); (G.G.B.); (V.A.O.)
| | - Oana Timofte
- Gastroenterology Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (G.-E.G.-B.); (D.E.M.); (E.G.); (O.T.); (G.G.B.); (V.A.O.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Sf Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 100115 Iași, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Gh Bălan
- Gastroenterology Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (G.-E.G.-B.); (D.E.M.); (E.G.); (O.T.); (G.G.B.); (V.A.O.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Sf Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 100115 Iași, Romania
| | - Vasile Andrei Olteanu
- Gastroenterology Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (G.-E.G.-B.); (D.E.M.); (E.G.); (O.T.); (G.G.B.); (V.A.O.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Sf Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 100115 Iași, Romania
| | - Gabriela Ștefănescu
- Gastroenterology Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (G.-E.G.-B.); (D.E.M.); (E.G.); (O.T.); (G.G.B.); (V.A.O.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Sf Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 100115 Iași, Romania
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10
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Yang K, Huang Z, Wang S, Zhao Z, Yi P, Chen Y, Xiao M, Quan J, Hu X. The Hepatic Nerves Regulated Inflammatory Effect in the Process of Liver Injury: Is Nerve the Key Treating Target for Liver Inflammation? Inflammation 2023; 46:1602-1611. [PMID: 37490221 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01854-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Liver injury is a common pathological basis for various liver diseases. Chronic liver injury is often an important initiating factor in liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Currently, hepatitis A and E infections are the most common causes of acute liver injury worldwide, whereas drug toxicity (paracetamol overdose) in the USA and part of Western Europe. In recent years, chronic liver injury has become a common disease that harms human health. Meanwhile, the main causes of chronic liver injury are viral hepatitis (B, C) and long-term alcohol consumption worldwide. During the process of liver injury, massive inflammatory cytokines are stimulated by these hazardous factors, leading to a systemic inflammatory response syndrome, followed by a compensatory anti-inflammatory response, which causes immune cell dysfunction and sepsis, subsequent multi-organ failure. Cytokine release and immune cell infiltration-mediated aseptic inflammation are the most important features of the pathobiology of liver failure. From this perspective, diminishing the onset and progression of liver inflammation is of clinical importance in the treatment of liver injury. Although many studies have hinted at the critical role of nerves in regulating inflammation, there largely remains undetermined how hepatic nerves mediate immune inflammation and how the inflammatory factors released by these nerves are involved in the process of liver injury. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to summarize previous studies in the field related to hepatic nerve and inflammation as well as future perspectives on the aforementioned questions. Our findings were presented in three aspects: types of nerve distribution in the liver, how these nerves regulate immunity, and the role of liver nerves in hepatitis and liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zebing Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zhihong Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Panpan Yi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yayu Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Meifang Xiao
- Department of Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Quan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Xingwang Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87Th of Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Yang S, Xu B, Han Y, Jiang M, Luo T, Wu N, Cao J, Zheng Y, Shen L, Qin W, Shi H, Dong L. TAF15 exacerbates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis progression by regulating lipid metabolism and inflammation via FASN and p65 NF-κB. Liver Int 2023; 43:1920-1936. [PMID: 37183512 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) consists of a broad spectrum of conditions, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the advanced form of NAFLD. TAF15 is a DNA and RNA binding protein and is involved in crucial inflammatory signalling pathways. We aimed to investigate the role of TAF15 in the progression of NASH and the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS We generated mice with hepatocyte-specific knockdown and overexpression of TAF15 using a specific adeno-associated virus (AAV). NASH models were established by feeding mice high-fat and high-cholesterol diets and methionine- and choline-deficient diets. Cleavage under targets and tagmentation and dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to investigate the effect of TAF15 on FASN transcription. Coimmunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays were conducted to explore the interaction of TAF15 and p65. In vitro coculture systems were established to study the interactions of hepatocytes, macrophages and HSCs. RESULTS TAF15 was significantly increased in the livers of mouse NASH models and primary hepatocyte NASH model. Knockdown of TAF15 inhibited steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis, while overexpression of TAF15 promoted NASH phenotypes. Mechanistically, TAF15 bound directly to the promoter region of FASN to facilitate its expression, thereby promoting steatosis. Moreover, TAF15 interacted with p65 and activated the NF-κB signalling pathway, increasing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and triggering M1 macrophage polarization. Treatment with the FASN inhibitor orlistat partially reversed the phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that TAF15 exacerbated NASH progression by regulating lipid metabolism and inflammation via transcriptional activation of FASN and interacting with p65 to activate the NF-κB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzhen Yang
- Department of Digestive Disease and Gastrointestinal Motility Research Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuying Han
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - MingZuo Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the Affiliated Jinling Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Luo
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nan Wu
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiayi Cao
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Digestive Disease and Gastrointestinal Motility Research Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Digestive Disease and Gastrointestinal Motility Research Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Department of Digestive Disease and Gastrointestinal Motility Research Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Digestive Disease and Gastrointestinal Motility Research Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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12
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Wang Z, Du K, Jin N, Tang B, Zhang W. Macrophage in liver Fibrosis: Identities and mechanisms. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110357. [PMID: 37224653 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a chronic disease characterized by the deposition of extracellular matrix and continuous loss of tissues that perform liver functions. Macrophages are crucial modulators of innate immunity and play important roles in liver fibrogenesis. Macrophages comprise heterogeneous subpopulations that exhibit different cellular functions. Understanding the identity and function of these cells is essential for understanding the mechanisms of liver fibrogenesis. According to different definitions, liver macrophages are divided into M1/M2 macrophages or monocyte-derived macrophages/Kupffer cells. Classic M1/M2 phenotyping corresponds to pro- or anti-inflammatory effects, and, therefore, influences the degree of fibrosis in later phases. In contrast, the origin of the macrophages is closely associated with their replenishment and activation during liver fibrosis. These two classifications of macrophages depict the function and dynamics of liver-infiltrating macrophages. However, neither description properly elucidates the positive or negative role of macrophages in liver fibrosis. Critical tissue cells mediating liver fibrosis include hepatic stellate cells and hepatic fibroblasts, with hepatic stellate cells being of particular interest because of their close association with macrophages in liver fibrosis. However, the molecular biological descriptions of macrophages are inconsistent between mice and humans, warranting further investigations. In liver fibrosis, macrophages can secrete various pro-fibrotic cytokines, such as TGF-β, Galectin-3 and interleukins (ILs), and fibrosis-inhibiting cytokines, such as IL10. These different secretions may be associated with the specific identity and spatiotemporal characteristics of macrophages. Furthermore, during fibrosis dissipation, macrophages may degrade extracellular matrix by secreting matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Notably, using macrophages as therapeutic targets in liver fibrosis has been explored. The current therapeutic approaches for liver fibrosis can by categorized as follows: treatment with macrophage-related molecules and macrophage infusion therapy. Although there have been limited studies, macrophages have shown reliable potential for liver fibrosis treatment. In this review, we focu on the identity and function of macrophages and their relationship to the progression and regression of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine Center, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Kailei Du
- Dongyang Peoples hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nake Jin
- Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Biao Tang
- Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenwu Zhang
- Department of Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
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13
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Xu GX, Wei S, Yu C, Zhao SQ, Yang WJ, Feng YH, Pan C, Yang KX, Ma Y. Activation of Kupffer cells in NAFLD and NASH: mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1199519. [PMID: 37261074 PMCID: PMC10228659 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1199519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are emerging as the leading causes of liver disease worldwide. These conditions can lead to cirrhosis, liver cancer, liver failure, and other related ailments. At present, liver transplantation remains the sole treatment option for end-stage NASH, leading to a rapidly growing socioeconomic burden. Kupffer cells (KCs) are a dominant population of macrophages that reside in the liver, playing a crucial role in innate immunity. Their primary function includes phagocytosing exogenous substances, presenting antigens, and triggering immune responses. Moreover, they interact with other liver cells during the pathogenesis of NAFLD, and this crosstalk may either delay or exacerbate disease progression. Stimulation by endogenous signals triggers the activation of KCs, resulting in the expression of various inflammatory factors and chemokines, such as NLRP3, TNF-α, IL-1B, and IL-6, and contributing to the inflammatory cascade. In the past 5 years, significant advances have been made in understanding the biological properties and immune functions of KCs in NAFLD, including their interactions with tissue molecules, underlying molecular mechanisms, signaling pathways, and relevant therapeutic interventions. Having a comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms and characteristics can have enormous potential in guiding future strategies for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yong Ma
- *Correspondence: Kun-Xing Yang, ; Yong Ma,
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14
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Zhao H, Xu Y, Cui J. CXCR2 (rs3890158 and rs2230054) and CXCL4 (rs352008 and rs1801572) gene polymorphisms in patients with thoracic aortic aneurysm. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37154009 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2210011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to explore the correlations of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4 (CXCL4) gene polymorphisms with thoracic aortic aneurysm. A total of 50 patients with thoracic aortic aneurysm (disease group) and 50 healthy people in the physical examination center (control group) in our hospital were selected as the subjects. The CXCR2 and CXCL4 gene polymorphisms were detected by means of blood drawing, DNA extraction, PCR and sequencing. Moreover, the levels of serum CXCR2 and CXCL4 were measured using ELISA, and the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were determined. The study found significant differences in the distribution of genotypes and alleles of CXCR2 and CXCL4 gene polymorphisms between the disease group and control group. The frequencies of certain genotypes (AA of rs3890158, CC of rs2230054, AT of rs352008, and CT of rs1801572) were higher in the disease group, as were the frequencies of certain alleles (C of rs2230054 and rs1801572). The distribution of recessive models of rs2230054 was also different, with a lower frequency of CC+CT in the disease group. The haplotype distributions of both gene polymorphisms differed between the groups. CXCR2 rs3890158 and CXCL4 rs352008 were correlated with lower serum levels of their respective proteins, while CXCL4 rs1801572 was associated with CRP levels and CXCR2 rs2230054 with LDL levels in patients (P < 0.05). The gene polymorphisms of CXCR2 and CXCL4 probably have apparent correlations with the susceptibility to thoracic aortic aneurysm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Sciences (Xiangyang Central Hospital), Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Yanrong Xu
- CCU, Shiyan People's Hospital affiliated to Hubei Medical College, Shiyan, China
| | - Jun Cui
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Sciences (Xiangyang Central Hospital), Xiangyang, Hubei, China
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15
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Zhang X, Li D, Wang K, Xie J, Liu Y, Wang T, Liu S, Huang Q, Guo Q, Wang H. Hyperoside inhibits pancreatic lipase activity in vitro and reduces fat accumulation in vivo. Food Funct 2023; 14:4763-4776. [PMID: 37128768 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03219h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hyperoside, the main component of many anti-obesity plants, might exhibit a lipase inhibition effect to reduce fat accumulation. The anti-obesity effect of hyperoside was investigated by studying its inhibitory effect and mechanism on pancreatic lipase in vitro and evaluating its ability to reduce lipid accumulation in vivo. Hyperoside is a mixed-type inhibitor of lipase with an IC50 of 0.67 ± 0.02 mmol L-in vitro. Hyperoside changed the secondary conformation of lipase, increased the α-helix content, and changed the microenvironment of lipase through static quenching. The interaction between hyperoside and lipase results from a strong binding spontaneous exothermic reaction, mainly through hydrogen bonding, van der Waals force and electrostatic force. Hyperoside protected hepatic lipid accumulation and adipose tissue hypertrophy and reduced the expression of inflammatory factors in high-fat diet-induced rats. Moreover, hyperoside had a good inhibitory effect on lipase activity in serum and increased fecal fat excretion, thereby reducing lipid absorption in vivo. This study provides theoretical support for the research and development of hyperoside in fat-reducing functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Kexin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Jiao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou 550025, PR China.
| | - Yaojie Liu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China
| | - Tianxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Suwen Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China.
| | - Qun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou 550025, PR China.
| | - Qingbin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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16
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Qin L, Wu J, Sun X, Huang X, Huang W, Weng C, Cai J. The regulatory role of metabolic organ-secreted factors in the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1119005. [PMID: 37180779 PMCID: PMC10169694 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1119005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by an excessive accumulation of fat in the liver, which is becoming a major global health problem, affecting about a quarter of the population. In the past decade, mounting studies have found that 25%-40% of NAFLD patients have cardiovascular disease (CVD), and CVD is one of the leading causes of death in these subjects. However, it has not attracted enough awareness and emphasis from clinicians, and the underlying mechanisms of CVD in NAFLD patients remain unclear. Available research reveals that inflammation, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and glucose and lipid metabolism disorders play indispensable roles in the pathogenesis of CVD in NAFLD. Notably, emerging evidence indicates that metabolic organ-secreted factors, including hepatokines, adipokines, cytokines, extracellular vesicles, and gut-derived factors, are also involved in the occurrence and development of metabolic disease and CVD. Nevertheless, few studies have focused on the role of metabolic organ-secreted factors in NAFLD and CVD. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the relationship between metabolic organ-secreted factors and NAFLD as well as CVD, which is beneficial for clinicians to comprehensive and detailed understanding of the association between both diseases and strengthen management to improve adverse cardiovascular prognosis and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chunyan Weng
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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17
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Zhu H, Yu H, Zhou H, Zhu W, Wang X. Elevated Nuclear PHGDH Synergistically Functions with cMyc to Reshape the Immune Microenvironment of Liver Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2205818. [PMID: 37078828 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we observed that nuclear localization of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) is associated with poor prognosis in liver cancer, and Phgdh is required for liver cancer progression in a mouse model. Unexpectedly, impairment of Phgdh enzyme activity exerts a slight effect in a liver cancer model. In liver cancer cells, the aspartate kinase-chorismate mutase-tyrA prephenate dehydrogenase (ACT) domain of PHGDH binds nuclear cMyc to form a transactivation axis, PHGDH/p300/cMyc/AF9, which drives chemokine CXCL1 and IL8 gene expression. Then, CXCL1 and IL8 promote neutrophil recruitment and enhance tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) filtration in the liver, thereby advancing liver cancer. Forced cytosolic localization of PHGDH or destruction of the PHGDH/cMyc interaction abolishes the oncogenic function of nuclear PHGDH. Depletion of neutrophils by neutralizing antibodies greatly hampers TAM filtration. These findings reveal a nonmetabolic role of PHGDH with altered cellular localization and suggest a promising drug target for liver cancer therapy by targeting the nonmetabolic region of PHGDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwen Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wencheng Zhu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiongjun Wang
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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18
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Archer M, Bernhardt SM, Hodson LJ, Woolford L, Van der Hoek M, Dasari P, Evdokiou A, Ingman WV. CCL2-Mediated Stromal Interactions Drive Macrophage Polarization to Increase Breast Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087385. [PMID: 37108548 PMCID: PMC10138606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
CCL2 is an inflammatory cytokine that regulates macrophage activity and is implicated in increased mammographic density and early breast tumorigenesis. The role of CCL2 in mediating stromal interactions that contribute to breast tumorigenesis has yet to be fully elucidated. THP-1-derived macrophages and mammary fibroblasts were co-cultured for 72 h. Fibroblasts and macrophages were analysed for phenotype, expression of inflammatory and ECM-regulatory genes and collagen production. Mice overexpressing CCL2 in the mammary glands were analysed for global gene expression by RNAseq at 12 weeks of age. These mice were cross-bred with PyMT mammary tumour mice to examine the role of CCL2 in tumorigenesis. The co-culture of macrophages with fibroblasts resulted in macrophage polarization towards an M2 phenotype, and upregulated expression of CCL2 and other genes associated with inflammation and ECM remodelling. CCL2 increased the production of insoluble collagen by fibroblasts. A global gene expression analysis of CCL2 overexpressing mice revealed that CCL2 upregulates cancer-associated gene pathways and downregulates fatty acid metabolism gene pathways. In the PyMT mammary tumour model, CCL2 overexpressing mice exhibited increased macrophage infiltration and early tumorigenesis. Interactions between macrophages and fibroblasts regulated by CCL2 can promote an environment that may increase breast cancer risk, leading to enhanced early tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddison Archer
- Discipline of Surgical Specialties, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Sarah M Bernhardt
- Discipline of Surgical Specialties, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Leigh J Hodson
- Discipline of Surgical Specialties, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Lucy Woolford
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Roseworthy Campus, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Mark Van der Hoek
- South Australian Genomics Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Pallave Dasari
- Discipline of Surgical Specialties, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Andreas Evdokiou
- Discipline of Surgical Specialties, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Wendy V Ingman
- Discipline of Surgical Specialties, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
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19
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Gong M, Lu H, Li L, Feng M, Zou Z. Integration of transcriptomics and metabonomics revealed the protective effects of hemp seed oil against methionine-choline-deficient diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:2096-2111. [PMID: 36734470 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03054c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a chronic liver disease with few therapeutic options available currently. Hemp seed oil extracted from the seeds of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) has significant nutritional and biological properties due to the unique composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids and various antioxidant compounds. However, little is known about the beneficial effects and molecular mechanisms of hemp seed oil on NASH. Here, the hepatoprotective effects of hemp seed oil on methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced NASH in C57BL/6 mice were explored via integration of transcriptomics and metabolomics. Hemp seed oil could improve hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis in mice with MCD diet-induced NASH. In a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabonomic study, the hepatic and urinary metabolic profiles of mice supplemented with hemp seed oil showed a tendency to recover to healthy controls compared to those of NASH mice. Eight potential biomarkers associated with NASH in both liver tissue and urine were restored to near normal levels by administration of hemp seed oil. The proposed pathways were mainly involved in pyrimidine metabolism, one-carbon metabolism, amino acid metabolism, glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Hepatic transcriptomics based on Illumina RNA-Seq sequencing showed that hemp seed oil exerted anti-NASH activities by regulating multiple signaling pathways, e.g., downregulation of the TNF signaling pathway, the IL-17 signaling pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway and the NF-κB signaling pathway, which played a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of NASH. In particular, integration of metabonomic and transcriptomic results suggested that hemp seed oil could attenuate NASH-related liver fibrosis by inhibition of glutaminolysis. These results provided new insights into the hepatoprotective effects of hemp seed oil against MCD diet-induced NASH and hemp seed oil might have potential as an effective therapy for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjuan Gong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Hailong Lu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Lixi Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Meiqi Feng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhongjie Zou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Luo X, Li Y, Hua Z, Xue X, Wang X, Pang M, Xiao C, Zhao H, Lyu A, Liu Y. Exosomes-mediated tumor metastasis through reshaping tumor microenvironment and distant niche. J Control Release 2023; 353:327-336. [PMID: 36464063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) are the particular communicator and messenger between tumor cells and other cells containing cancer-associated genetic materials and proteins. And TDEs who are also one of the important components consisting of the tumor microenvironment (TME) can reshape and interact with TME to promote tumor development and metastasis. Moreover, due to their long-distance transmission by body fluids, TDEs can facilitate the formation of pre-metastatic niche to support tumor colonization. We discuss the main characteristics and mechanism of TDE-mediated tumor metastasis by reshaping TME and pre-metastatic niche as well as the potential of TDEs for diagnosing tumor and predicting future metastatic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Luo
- School of Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhenglai Hua
- School of Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoxia Xue
- School of Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiangpeng Wang
- School of Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mingshi Pang
- School of Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Cheng Xiao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Research of Chinese Medicine on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Aiping Lyu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hongkong, China.
| | - Yuanyan Liu
- School of Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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21
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An Update on the Chemokine System in the Development of NAFLD. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58060761. [PMID: 35744024 PMCID: PMC9227560 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58060761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in the world. Sustained hepatic inflammation is a key driver of the transition from simple fatty liver to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the more aggressive form of NAFLD. Hepatic inflammation is orchestrated by chemokines, a family of chemoattractant cytokines that are produced by hepatocytes, Kupffer cells (liver resident macrophages), hepatic stellate cells, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells. Over the last three decades, accumulating evidence from both clinical and experimental investigations demonstrated that chemokines and their receptors are increased in the livers of NAFLD patients and that CC chemokine ligand (CCL) 2 and CCL5 in particular play a pivotal role in inducing insulin resistance, steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in liver disease. Cenicriviroc (CVC), a dual antagonist of these chemokines’ receptors, CCR2 and CCR5, has been tested in clinical trials in patients with NASH-associated liver fibrosis. Additionally, recent studies revealed that other chemokines, such as CCL3, CCL25, CX3C chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1), CXC chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1), and CXCL16, can also contribute to the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Here, we review recent updates on the roles of chemokines in the development of NAFLD and their blockade as a potential therapeutic approach.
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22
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Chen L, Kong D, Xia S, Wang F, Li Z, Zhang F, Zheng S. Crosstalk Between Autophagy and Innate Immunity: A Pivotal Role in Hepatic Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:891069. [PMID: 35656309 PMCID: PMC9152088 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.891069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a repair process of chronic liver injuries induced by toxic substances, pathogens, and inflammation, which exhibits a feature such as deposition of the extracellular matrix. The initiation and progression of liver fibrosis heavily relies on excessive activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). The activated HSCs express different kinds of chemokine receptors to further promote matrix remodulation. The long-term progression of liver fibrosis will contribute to dysfunction of the liver and ultimately cause hepatocellular carcinoma. The liver also has abundant innate immune cells, including DCs, NK cells, NKT cells, neutrophils, and Kupffer cells, which conduct complicated functions to activation and expansion of HSCs and liver fibrosis. Autophagy is one specific type of cell death, by which the aberrantly expressed protein and damaged organelles are transferred to lysosomes for further degradation, playing a crucial role in cellular homeostasis. Autophagy is also important to innate immune cells in various aspects. The previous studies have shown that dysfunction of autophagy in hepatic immune cells can result in the initiation and progression of inflammation in the liver, directly or indirectly causing activation of HSCs, which ultimately accelerate liver fibrosis. Given the crosstalk between innate immune cells, autophagy, and fibrosis progression is complicated, and the therapeutic options for liver fibrosis are quite limited, the exploration is essential. Herein, we review the previous studies about the influence of autophagy and innate immunity on liver fibrosis and the molecular mechanism to provide novel insight into the prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Desong Kong
- Chinese Medicine Modernization and Big Data Research Center, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Siwei Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Feixia Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhanghao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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23
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Liver Steatosis: A Marker of Metabolic Risk in Children. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094822. [PMID: 35563210 PMCID: PMC9100068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the greatest health challenges affecting children of all ages and ethnicities. Almost 19% of children and adolescents worldwide are overweight or obese, with an upward trend in the last decades. These reports imply an increased risk of fat accumulation in hepatic cells leading to a series of histological hepatic damages gathered under the acronym NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease). Due to the complex dynamics underlying this condition, it has been recently renamed as 'Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD)', supporting the hypothesis that hepatic steatosis is a key component of the large group of clinical and laboratory abnormalities of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). This review aims to share the latest scientific knowledge on MAFLD in children in an attempt to offer novel insights into the complex dynamics underlying this condition, focusing on the novel molecular aspects. Although there is still no treatment with a proven efficacy for this condition, starting from the molecular basis of the disease, MAFLD's therapeutic landscape is rapidly expanding, and different medications seem to act as modifiers of liver steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis.
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24
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Gut Microbiome in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Role. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030550. [PMID: 35327352 PMCID: PMC8945462 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered to be a significant health threat globally, and has attracted growing concern in the research field of liver diseases. NAFLD comprises multifarious fatty degenerative disorders in the liver, including simple steatosis, steatohepatitis and fibrosis. The fundamental pathophysiology of NAFLD is complex and multifactor-driven. In addition to viruses, metabolic syndrome and alcohol, evidence has recently indicated that the microbiome is related to the development and progression of NAFLD. In this review, we summarize the possible microbiota-based therapeutic approaches and highlight the importance of establishing the diagnosis of NAFLD through the different spectra of the disease via the gut–liver axis.
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25
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He CY, Wang WM, Wan WD, Liang J, Hu JJ, Yuan YX, Jiang CH, Li N. Tyrosine Sulphation of CXCR4 Induces the Migration of Fibroblast in OSF. Oral Dis 2022; 29:1782-1790. [PMID: 35150031 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) caused by areca nut chewing is a prevalent fibrotic disease in Asia-Pacific countries. Arecoline-induced migration of fibroblasts (FBs) plays a vital role in the development of OSF. However, the specific molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. Many studies have shown that tyrosine sulphation of chemokines can influence cell migration. Herein, we demonstrated that arecoline stimulates tyrosine sulphation of the chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) through the tyrosylprotein sulphotransferase-1 (TPST-1) to enhance the migration ability of FBs. Moreover, by RNA-Seq analysis, we found that the most significantly altered pathway was the EGFR pathway after the arecoline stimulation for FBs. After the knockdown of arecoline-induced EGFR expression, the tyrosine sulphation of CXCR4 was significantly decreased by the inhibition of TPST-1 induction. Finally, in human OSF specimens, TPST-1 expression was directly correlated with the expression of CXCR4. These data indicate that the arecoline-induced tyrosine sulphation of CXCR4, which is regulated by TPST-1, might be a potential mechanism that contributes to FB migration in OSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - W M Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Oral Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - W D Wan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - J Liang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - J J Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Y X Yuan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Oral Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - C H Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Oral Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - N Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Oral Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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26
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Segura-Azuara NDLÁ, Varela-Chinchilla CD, Trinidad-Calderón PA. MAFLD/NAFLD Biopsy-Free Scoring Systems for Hepatic Steatosis, NASH, and Fibrosis Diagnosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:774079. [PMID: 35096868 PMCID: PMC8792949 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.774079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), formerly known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, is the most prevalent liver disorder worldwide. Historically, its diagnosis required biopsy, even though the procedure has a variable degree of error. Therefore, new non-invasive strategies are needed. Consequently, this article presents a thorough review of biopsy-free scoring systems proposed for the diagnosis of MAFLD. Similarly, it compares the severity of the disease, ranging from hepatic steatosis (HS) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to fibrosis, by contrasting the corresponding serum markers, clinical associations, and performance metrics of these biopsy-free scoring systems. In this regard, defining MAFLD in conjunction with non-invasive tests can accurately identify patients with fatty liver at risk of fibrosis and its complications. Nonetheless, several biopsy-free scoring systems have been assessed only in certain cohorts; thus, further validation studies in different populations are required, with adjustment for variables, such as body mass index (BMI), clinical settings, concomitant diseases, and ethnic backgrounds. Hence, comprehensive studies on the effects of age, morbid obesity, and prevalence of MAFLD and advanced fibrosis in the target population are required. Nevertheless, the current clinical practice is urged to incorporate biopsy-free scoring systems that demonstrate adequate performance metrics for the accurate detection of patients with MAFLD and underlying conditions or those with contraindications of biopsy.
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27
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Luo Y, Guo J, Jia W, Wu M, Yin F, Niu G, Shih DQ, Targan SR, Zhang X. TNF-Like Ligand 1 Aberrance Aggravates Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis via M1 Macrophage Polarization. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3877617. [PMID: 35003513 PMCID: PMC8741351 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3877617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive, chronic liver disease worldwide which imposes a large economic burden on society. M1/M2 macrophage balance destruction and recruitment of mononuclear immune cells to the liver play critical roles in NASH. Several studies have shown that the expression of TNF-like ligand 1 aberrance (TL1A) increased in macrophages associated with many inflammatory diseases, for example, inflammatory bowel disease, primary biliary cholangitis, and liver fibrosis. One recent research showed that weight, abdominal adipose, and liver leptin, one of the critical fat cytokines, were reduced in TL1A knockout mice. However, the functional and molecular regulatory mechanisms of TL1A on macrophage polarization and recruitment in NASH have yet to be clarified. The authors found that high fructose high fat diet and methionine-choline deficiency diet induced the expression of TL1A in macrophages of liver tissue from murine NASH models. Myeloid-specific TL1A overexpressed mice showed exacerbated steatohepatitis with increased hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation, liver injury, and apoptosis. M1 macrophages' infiltration and the production of proinflammatory and chemotactic cytokines increased in liver of NASH mouse models with myeloid-specific TL1A overexpressed. Furthermore, this paper revealed that bone marrow-derived macrophages and Kupffer cells with overexpression of TL1A exacerbated the lipid accumulation and expression of proinflammatory factors in the murine primary hepatocytes after free fatty acid treatment in vitro. In conclusion, TL1A-mediated M1-type macrophage polarization and recruitment into the liver promoted steatohepatitis in murine NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jinbo Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenxiu Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mengyao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fengrong Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guochao Niu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - David Q. Shih
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Stephan R. Targan
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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28
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Hyperlipidemia May Synergize with Hypomethylation in Establishing Trained Immunity and Promoting Inflammation in NASH and NAFLD. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:3928323. [PMID: 34859106 PMCID: PMC8632388 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3928323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed a panoramic analysis on both human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) microarray data and microarray/RNA-seq data from various mouse models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease NASH/NAFLD with total 4249 genes examined and made the following findings: (i) human NASH and NAFLD mouse models upregulate both cytokines and chemokines; (ii) pathway analysis indicated that human NASH can be classified into metabolic and immune NASH; methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD)+high-fat diet (HFD), glycine N-methyltransferase deficient (GNMT-KO), methionine adenosyltransferase 1A deficient (MAT1A-KO), and HFCD (high-fat-cholesterol diet) can be classified into inflammatory, SAM accumulation, cholesterol/mevalonate, and LXR/RXR-fatty acid β-oxidation NAFLD, respectively; (iii) canonical and noncanonical inflammasomes play differential roles in the pathogenesis of NASH/NAFLD; (iv) trained immunity (TI) enzymes are significantly upregulated in NASH/NAFLD; HFCD upregulates TI enzymes more than cytokines, chemokines, and inflammasome regulators; (v) the MCD+HFD is a model with the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and canonical and noncanonical inflammasomes; however, the HFCD is a model with upregulation of TI enzymes and lipid peroxidation enzymes; and (vi) caspase-11 and caspase-1 act as upstream master regulators, which partially upregulate the expressions of cytokines, chemokines, canonical and noncanonical inflammasome pathway regulators, TI enzymes, and lipid peroxidation enzymes. Our findings provide novel insights on the synergies between hyperlipidemia and hypomethylation in establishing TI and promoting inflammation in NASH and NAFLD progression and novel targets for future therapeutic interventions for NASH and NAFLD, metabolic diseases, transplantation, and cancers.
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29
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Song Y, Zhang J, Wang H, Guo D, Yuan C, Liu B, Zhong H, Li D, Li Y. A novel immune-related genes signature after bariatric surgery is histologically associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Adipocyte 2021; 10:424-434. [PMID: 34506234 PMCID: PMC8437528 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2021.1970341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that immune-related genes (IRGs) play an important role in bariatric surgery (BS). We identified differentially expressed immune-related genes (DEIRGs) of adipose tissue after BS by analysing the two expression profiles of GEO (GSE59034 and GSE29409). Subsequently, enrichment analysis, GSEA and PPI networks were examined to identify the hub IRGs and related pathways. The performance of the signature was evaluated by area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC). CIBERSORT algorithm was used to evaluate the relative abundance of infiltrated immune cells.42 DEIRGs were found between the GSE59034 and GSE29409 datasets. The AUC of the signature was 0.904 and 0.865 in the GSE58979 and GSE48452, respectively. Interestingly, the signature also showed good performance in diagnosing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (AUC was 0.834 and 0.800, respectively). The number of neutrophils, macrophages M2, macrophages M0 and dendritic cells activated decreased significantly. After BS, the infiltration of T cells regulatory, monocytes, mast cells resting and plasma cells in adipose tissue increased. The novel proposed IRGs signature reveals the underlying immune mechanism of BS and is a promising biomarker for distinguishing the severity of NAFLD. This will provide new insights into strategies for treating obesity and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yancheng Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jan Zhang
- Department of Colonretal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Hexiang Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chentong Yuan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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30
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Xu L, Chen Y, Nagashimada M, Ni Y, Zhuge F, Chen G, Li H, Pan T, Yamashita T, Mukaida N, Kaneko S, Ota T, Nagata N. CC chemokine ligand 3 deficiency ameliorates diet-induced steatohepatitis by regulating liver macrophage recruitment and M1/M2 status in mice. Metabolism 2021; 125:154914. [PMID: 34656648 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The global prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing. Chemokines and their receptors have potential as therapeutic targets of NAFLD. We investigated the role of CC chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3) in the development of murine and human NAFLD. METHODS CCL3-knockout mice (CCL3-/-) and littermate CCL3 wild-type control mice (WT) were fed a high-cholesterol and high-fat (CL) diet for 16 weeks to induce NAFLD. We investigated the impact of CCL3 gene deletion in bone marrow cells and leptin-deficient ob/ob mice on CL diet-induced steatohepatitis. We assayed the serum CCL3 levels in 36 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD and nine healthy control subjects. RESULTS Compared with normal chow (NC), the CL diet induced steatohepatitis and hepatic fibrosis and elevated the plasma CCL3 level. In the liver, CCL3 protein colocalized with F4/80+ macrophages, especially CD11c+ M1-like macrophages, rather than other cell types. CCL3-/- attenuated CL diet-induced steatohepatitis and fibrosis associated with M2-dominant liver macrophages compared with the WT. The reconstitution of bone marrow (BM) cells from CCL3-/- attenuated steatohepatitis in WT mice fed a CL diet. Furthermore, crossing CCL3-/- onto the ob/ob background prevented CL diet-induced NAFLD in ob/ob mice, which was associated with a lesser inflammatory phenotype of liver macrophages. Also, the serum and hepatic levels of CCL3 were significantly increased in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) compared to those with simple fatty liver (NAFL) and healthy subjects. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that CCL3 facilitates macrophage infiltration into the liver and M1 polarization in the progression of steatohepatitis and highlight the need for further studies to determine the effect of CCL3-CCR1 and -CCR5 signaling blockade on the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan; School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yongping Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mayumi Nagashimada
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Yinhua Ni
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Fen Zhuge
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Guanliang Chen
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Haoran Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tongtong Pan
- First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tatsuya Yamashita
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Naofumi Mukaida
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Tsuguhito Ota
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Naoto Nagata
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan.
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31
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Qu W, Ma T, Cai J, Zhang X, Zhang P, She Z, Wan F, Li H. Liver Fibrosis and MAFLD: From Molecular Aspects to Novel Pharmacological Strategies. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:761538. [PMID: 34746195 PMCID: PMC8568774 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.761538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a new disease definition, and this nomenclature MAFLD was proposed to renovate its former name, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). MAFLD/NAFLD have shared and predominate causes from nutrition overload to persistent liver damage and eventually lead to the development of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Unfortunately, there is an absence of effective treatments to reverse MAFLD/NAFLD-associated fibrosis. Due to the significant burden of MAFLD/NAFLD and its complications, there are active investigations on the development of novel targets and pharmacotherapeutics for treating this disease. In this review, we cover recent discoveries in new targets and molecules for antifibrotic treatment, which target pathways intertwined with the fibrogenesis process, including lipid metabolism, inflammation, cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, and extracellular matrix formation. Although marked advances have been made in the development of antifibrotic therapeutics, none of the treatments have achieved the endpoints evaluated by liver biopsy or without significant side effects in a large-scale trial. In addition to the discovery of new druggable targets and pharmacotherapeutics, personalized medication, and combinatorial therapies targeting multiple profibrotic pathways could be promising in achieving successful antifibrotic interventions in patients with MAFLD/NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tengfei Ma
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Neurology, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, China.,Huanggang Institute of Translational Medicine, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhigang She
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Wan
- Department of Neurology, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Huanggang Institute of Translational Medicine, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, China
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Li L, Xia Y, Ji X, Wang H, Zhang Z, Lu P, Ding Q, Wang D, Liu M. MIG/CXCL9 exacerbates the progression of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease by disrupting Treg/Th17 balance. Exp Cell Res 2021; 407:112801. [PMID: 34461107 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and Th17 cells play important roles in the progression of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). However, the contribution of monokine induced by interferon-gamma (MIG)/CXCL9 to the Treg/Th17 imbalance in MAFLD is only partially understood. In the present study, we detected increased levels of MIG/CXCL9 and a Treg/Th17 imbalance in the setting of metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Recombinant adeno-associated virus-mediated gene transfer and silencing of MIG/CXCL9 expression in mice alleviated MASH and increased the Treg/Th17 ratio. Furthermore, the percentage of Th17 cells, but not Treg cells, differentiated from splenic CD4+ T cells was significantly increased by administration of MIG/CXCL9. MIG/CXCL9 also promoted Th17 cell proliferation, and its effects were dose dependent. Levels of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) decreased dramatically when MIG/CXCL9 was inhibited in a murine MASH model. In cultured Treg cells, phosphorylated JNK levels decreased dose-dependently in response to MIG/CXCL9 inhibition, but increased in cultured Th17 cells. This effect was blocked in the presence of a JNK inhibitor. These findings underline the fundamental importance of MIG/CXCL9 in maintaining the Treg/Th17 balance in MAFLD and provide the foundations for a novel approach to preventing and treating MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China.
| | - Yujia Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyu Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China.
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China.
| | - Zerui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China.
| | - Panpan Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China.
| | - Qiang Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China.
| | - Deqiong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China.
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China.
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Liu B, Xiang L, Ji J, Liu W, Chen Y, Xia M, Liu Y, Liu W, Zhu P, Jin Y, Han Y, Lu J, Li X, Zheng M, Lu Y. Sparcl1 promotes nonalcoholic steatohepatitis progression in mice through upregulation of CCL2. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:144801. [PMID: 34651580 DOI: 10.1172/jci144801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a spectrum of chronic liver disease ranging from simple steatosis (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the molecular mechanisms of NASH progression remain incompletely understood. White adipose tissue (WAT) has emerged as an important endocrine organ and contributes not only to the initial stage of NAFLD, but also to its severity. In the current study, through transcriptomic analysis we identified increased expression of Sparcl1, a secreted glycoprotein, in the WAT from NASH mice. Plasma Sparcl1 levels were similarly elevated and positively correlated with hepatic pathological features in NASH patients. Functional studies showed that both chronic injection of recombinant Sparcl1 protein and overexpression of Sparcl1 exaggerated hepatic inflammation and liver injury in mice. In contrast, genetic ablation of Sparcl1, knockdown of Sparcl1 in WAT, and treatment with a Sparcl1-neutralizing antibody dramatically alleviated diet-induced NASH pathogenesis. Mechanistically, Sparcl1 promoted the expression of C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) in hepatocytes through binding to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and activation of the NF-κB/p65 signaling pathway. Genetically or pharmacologically blocking the CCL2/CCR2 pathway attenuated the hepatic inflammatory response evoked by Sparcl1. Thus, our results demonstrated an important role for Sparcl1 in NASH progression, suggesting a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Liping Xiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingfeng Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuejun Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | - Yu Han
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jieli Lu
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghua Zheng
- MAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for The Development of Chronic Liver Disease of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Jiang ZY, Zhou Y, Zhou L, Li SW, Wang BM. Identification of Key Genes and Immune Infiltrate in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: A Bioinformatic Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:7561645. [PMID: 34552988 PMCID: PMC8452393 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7561645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) can progress to cirrhosis and hepatic carcinoma and is closely associated with changes in the neurological environment. The discovery of new biomarkers would aid in the treatment of NASH. METHODS Data GSE89632 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and R package "limma" was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for NASH vs. normal tissues. The STRING database was used to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and the Cytoscape software program (Version 3.80) was used to visualize the PPI network and identify key genes. The immune infiltration of NASH was determined using the R package "CIBERSORT". RESULTS We screened 41 DEGs. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of the DEGs revealed the enrichment of pathways related to NAFLD steatosis and inflammation. A PPI network analysis was also performed on the DEGs, and seven genes (MYC, CXCL8, FOS, SOCS1, SOCS3, IL6, and PTGS2) were identified as hub genes. An immune infiltration assessment revealed that macrophages M2, memory resting CD4+ T cells, and γΔ T cells play important roles in the immune microenvironment of NASH, which may be mediated by the seven identified hub genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-yu Jiang
- Department of Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shao-wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bang-mao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Stratakis N, Golden-Mason L, Margetaki K, Zhao Y, Valvi D, Garcia E, Maitre L, Andrusaityte S, Basagana X, Borràs E, Bustamante M, Casas M, Fossati S, Grazuleviciene R, Haug LS, Heude B, McEachan RR, Meltzer HM, Papadopoulou E, Roumeliotaki T, Robinson O, Sabidó E, Urquiza J, Vafeiadi M, Varo N, Wright J, Vos MB, Hu H, Vrijheid M, Berhane KT, Conti DV, McConnell R, Rosen HR, Chatzi L. In Utero Exposure to Mercury Is Associated With Increased Susceptibility to Liver Injury and Inflammation in Childhood. Hepatology 2021; 74:1546-1559. [PMID: 33730435 PMCID: PMC8446089 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent cause of liver disease in children. Mercury (Hg), a ubiquitous toxic metal, has been proposed as an environmental factor contributing to toxicant-associated fatty liver disease. APPROACH AND RESULTS We investigated the effect of prenatal exposure to Hg on childhood liver injury by combining epidemiological results from a multicenter mother-child cohort with complementary in vitro experiments on monocyte cells that are known to play a key role in liver immune homeostasis and NAFLD. We used data from 872 mothers and their children (median age, 8.1 years; interquartile range [IQR], 6.5-8.7) from the European Human Early-Life Exposome cohort. We measured Hg concentration in maternal blood during pregnancy (median, 2.0 μg/L; IQR, 1.1-3.6). We also assessed serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), a common screening tool for pediatric NAFLD, and plasma concentrations of inflammation-related cytokines in children. We found that prenatal Hg exposure was associated with a phenotype in children that was characterized by elevated ALT (≥22.1 U/L for females and ≥25.8 U/L for males) and increased concentrations of circulating IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. Consistently, inflammatory monocytes exposed in vitro to a physiologically relevant dose of Hg demonstrated significant up-regulation of genes encoding these four cytokines and increased concentrations of IL-8 and TNF-α in the supernatants. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that developmental exposure to Hg can contribute to inflammation and increased NAFLD risk in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Stratakis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lucy Golden-Mason
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Katerina Margetaki
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yinqi Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Damaskini Valvi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Erika Garcia
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Léa Maitre
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Andrusaityte
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Xavier Basagana
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Borràs
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain,Proteomics Unit, Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maribel Casas
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Serena Fossati
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Barbara Heude
- Université de Paris, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), INSERM, INRAE, Paris, France
| | - Rosemary R.C. McEachan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | | | | | - Theano Roumeliotaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Oliver Robinson
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Eduard Sabidó
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain,Proteomics Unit, Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Urquiza
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Vafeiadi
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Nerea Varo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Miriam B. Vos
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Nutrition Health Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA,Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
| | - Howard Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kiros T. Berhane
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - David V. Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hugo R. Rosen
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lida Chatzi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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Chang E, Chang JS, Kong ID, Baik SK, Kim MY, Park KS. Multidimensional Biomarker Analysis Including Mitochondrial Stress Indicators for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Gut Liver 2021; 16:171-189. [PMID: 34420934 PMCID: PMC8924798 DOI: 10.5009/gnl210106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is accompanied by a complex and multifactorial pathogenesis with sequential progressions from inflammation to fibrosis and then to cancer. This heterogeneity interferes with the development of precise diagnostic and prognostic strategies for NAFLD. The current approach for the diagnosis of simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, and cirrhosis mainly consists of ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, elastography, and various serological analyses. However, individual dry and wet biomarkers have limitations demanding an integrative approach for the assessment of disease progression. Here, we review diagnostic strategies for simple steatosis, steatohepatitis and hepatic fibrosis, followed by potential biomarkers associated with fat accumulation and mitochondrial stress. For mitochondrial stress indicators, we focused on fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), angiopoietin-related growth factor and mitochondrial-derived peptides. Each biomarker may not strongly indicate the severity of steatosis or steatohepatitis. Instead, multidimensional analysis of different groups of biomarkers based on pathogenic mechanisms may provide decisive diagnostic/prognostic information to develop a therapeutic plan for patients with NAFLD. For this purpose, mitochondrial stress indicators, such as FGF21 or GDF15, could be an important component in the multiplexed and contextual interpretation of NAFLD. Further validation of the integrative evaluation of mitochondrial stress indicators combined with other biomarkers is needed in the diagnosis/prognosis of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunha Chang
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Department of Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jae Seung Chang
- Department of Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - In Deok Kong
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Soon Koo Baik
- Department of Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Department of Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Moon Young Kim
- Department of Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Department of Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Kyu-Sang Park
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Department of Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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37
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Mechanisms and disease consequences of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Cell 2021; 184:2537-2564. [PMID: 33989548 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 763] [Impact Index Per Article: 254.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading chronic liver disease worldwide. Its more advanced subtype, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), connotes progressive liver injury that can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Here we provide an in-depth discussion of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms that lead to progressive liver injury, including the metabolic origins of NAFLD, the effect of NAFLD on hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism, bile acid toxicity, macrophage dysfunction, and hepatic stellate cell activation, and consider the role of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors that promote fibrosis progression and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in NASH.
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Kim H, Lee DS, An TH, Park HJ, Kim WK, Bae KH, Oh KJ. Metabolic Spectrum of Liver Failure in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity: From NAFLD to NASH to HCC. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094495. [PMID: 33925827 PMCID: PMC8123490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is the spectrum of liver damage ranging from simple steatosis called as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Clinically, NAFLD and type 2 diabetes coexist. Type 2 diabetes contributes to biological processes driving the severity of NAFLD, the primary cause for development of chronic liver diseases. In the last 20 years, the rate of non-viral NAFLD/NASH-derived HCC has been increasing rapidly. As there are currently no suitable drugs for treatment of NAFLD and NASH, a class of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes is sometimes used to improve liver failure despite the risk of side effects. Therefore, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of the development and progression of NAFLD and NASH are important issues. In this review, we will discuss the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH and NAFLD/NASH-derived HCC and the current promising pharmacological therapies of NAFLD/NASH. Further, we will provide insights into "adipose-derived adipokines" and "liver-derived hepatokines" as diagnostic and therapeutic targets from NAFLD to HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunmi Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.K.); (D.S.L.); (T.H.A.); (H.-J.P.); (W.K.K.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Da Som Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.K.); (D.S.L.); (T.H.A.); (H.-J.P.); (W.K.K.)
| | - Tae Hyeon An
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.K.); (D.S.L.); (T.H.A.); (H.-J.P.); (W.K.K.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Park
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.K.); (D.S.L.); (T.H.A.); (H.-J.P.); (W.K.K.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Won Kon Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.K.); (D.S.L.); (T.H.A.); (H.-J.P.); (W.K.K.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Kwang-Hee Bae
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.K.); (D.S.L.); (T.H.A.); (H.-J.P.); (W.K.K.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.-H.B.); (K.-J.O.); Tel.: +82-42-860-4268 (K.-H.B.); +82-42-879-8265 (K.-J.O.)
| | - Kyoung-Jin Oh
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.K.); (D.S.L.); (T.H.A.); (H.-J.P.); (W.K.K.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.-H.B.); (K.-J.O.); Tel.: +82-42-860-4268 (K.-H.B.); +82-42-879-8265 (K.-J.O.)
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Wang XK, Peng ZG. Targeting Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells: An Attractive Therapeutic Strategy to Control Inflammation in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:655557. [PMID: 33935770 PMCID: PMC8082362 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.655557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), especially its advanced stage nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), has become a threatened public health problem worldwide. However, no specific drug has been approved for clinical use to treat patients with NASH, though there are many promising candidates against NAFLD in the drug development pipeline. Recently, accumulated evidence showed that liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) play an essential role in the occurrence and development of liver inflammation in patients with NAFLD. LSECs, as highly specialized endothelial cells with unique structure and anatomical location, contribute to the maintenance of liver homeostasis and could be a promising therapeutic target to control liver inflammation of NAFLD. In this review, we outline the pathophysiological roles of LSECs related to inflammation of NAFLD, highlight the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects of LSECs, and discuss the potential drug development strategies against NAFLD based on targeting to LSECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Kai Wang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zong-Gen Peng
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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40
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Liang Y, Chen X, Tao Z, Ma M, Adah D, Li X, Dai L, Ding W, Fanuel S, Zhao S, Qin L, Chen X, Zhang X. Plasmodium infection prevents recurrence and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma possibly via inhibition of the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:418. [PMID: 33846776 PMCID: PMC8025467 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative recurrence causes a high mortality rate among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The current study aimed to determine the effects of Plasmodium infection on HCC metastasis and recurrence. The antitumor effects of Plasmodium infection were determined using two murine orthotopic HCC models: The non-resection model and the resection model. Tumour tissues derived from tumour-bearing mice treated with or without Plasmodium infection were harvested 15 days post-tumour inoculation. The expression levels of biomarkers related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and molecules associated with CC-chemokine receptor 10 (CCR10)-mediated PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/Snail signalling were identified using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting. The results demonstrated that Plasmodium infection significantly suppressed the progression, recurrence and metastasis of HCC in the two mouse models. The expression levels of E-cadherin were significantly higher in the Plasmodium-treated group compared with that in the control group, whereas the expression levels of Vimentin and Snail were significantly lower in the Plasmodium-treated group. Furthermore, Plasmodium infection inhibited the activation of Akt and GSK-3β in the tumour tissues by downregulating the expression levels of CCR10 and subsequently suppressing the accumulation of Snail, which may contribute to the suppression of EMT and the prevention of tumour recurrence and metastasis. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that Plasmodium infection inhibited the recurrence and metastasis and improved the prognosis of HCC by suppressing CCR10-mediated PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/Snail signalling and preventing the EMT. These results may be important for the development of novel therapies for HCC recurrence and metastasis, especially for patients in the perioperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center of Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, P.R. China
| | - Zhu Tao
- CAS‑Lamvac Biotech Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510670, P.R. China
| | - Meng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center of Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, P.R. China
| | - Dickson Adah
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center of Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center of Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, P.R. China
| | - Lingling Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center of Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, P.R. China
| | - Wenting Ding
- CAS‑Lamvac Biotech Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510670, P.R. China
| | - Songwe Fanuel
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center of Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, P.R. China
| | - Siting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center of Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, P.R. China
| | - Li Qin
- CAS‑Lamvac Biotech Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510670, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center of Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, P.R. China
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41
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Coelho I, Duarte N, Macedo MP, Penha-Gonçalves C. Insights into Macrophage/Monocyte-Endothelial Cell Crosstalk in the Liver: A Role for Trem-2. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1248. [PMID: 33802948 PMCID: PMC8002813 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10061248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver disease accounts for millions of deaths worldwide annually being a major cause of global morbidity. Hepatotoxic insults elicit a multilayered response involving tissue damage, inflammation, scar formation, and tissue regeneration. Liver cell populations act coordinately to maintain tissue homeostasis and providing a barrier to external aggressors. However, upon hepatic damage, this tight regulation is disrupted, leading to liver pathology which spans from simple steatosis to cirrhosis. Inflammation is a hallmark of liver pathology, where macrophages and endothelial cells are pivotal players in promoting and sustaining disease progression. Understanding the drivers and mediators of these interactions will provide valuable information on what may contribute to liver resilience against disease. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of macrophages and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) in homeostasis and liver pathology. Moreover, we discuss the expanding body of evidence on cell-to-cell communication between these two cell compartments and present triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (Trem-2) as a plausible mediator of this cellular interlink. This review consolidates relevant knowledge that might be useful to guide the pursue of successful therapeutic targets and pharmacological strategies for controlling liver pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Coelho
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal; (I.C.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Nádia Duarte
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal;
| | - Maria Paula Macedo
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal; (I.C.); (M.P.M.)
- APDP Diabetes Portugal, Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), 1250-189 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine—iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carlos Penha-Gonçalves
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal;
- APDP Diabetes Portugal, Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), 1250-189 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine—iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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42
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Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are resident non-parenchymal liver pericytes whose plasticity enables them to regulate a remarkable range of physiologic and pathologic responses. To support their functions in health and disease, HSCs engage pathways regulating carbohydrate, mitochondrial, lipid, and retinoid homeostasis. In chronic liver injury, HSCs drive hepatic fibrosis and are implicated in inflammation and cancer. To do so, the cells activate, or transdifferentiate, from a quiescent state into proliferative, motile myofibroblasts that secrete extracellular matrix, which demands rapid adaptation to meet a heightened energy need. Adaptations include reprogramming of central carbon metabolism, enhanced mitochondrial number and activity, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and liberation of free fatty acids through autophagy-dependent hydrolysis of retinyl esters that are stored in cytoplasmic droplets. As an archetype for pericytes in other tissues, recognition of the HSC's metabolic drivers and vulnerabilities offer the potential to target these pathways therapeutically to enhance parenchymal growth and modulate repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth Trivedi
- Division of Liver Diseases, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Shuang Wang
- Division of Liver Diseases, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Scott L Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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43
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Vacinova G, Vejražkova D, Rusina R, Holmerová I, Vaňková H, Jarolímová E, Včelák J, Bendlová B, Vaňková M. Regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) levels in the peripheral blood of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:796-800. [PMID: 33063745 PMCID: PMC8067920 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.295340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, but it is very difficult to diagnose with certainty, so many AD studies have attempted to find early and relevant diagnostic markers. Regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES, also known as C-C chemokine ligand) is a chemokine involved in the migration of T cells and other lymphoid cells. Changes in RANTES levels and its expression in blood or in cerebrospinal fluid have been reported in some neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis, but also in metabolic diseases in which inflammation plays a role. The aim of this observational study was to assess RANTES levels in peripheral blood as clinical indicators of AD. Plasma levels of RANTES were investigated in 85 AD patients in a relatively early phase of AD (median 8.5 months after diagnosis; 39 men and 46 women; average age 75.7 years), and in 78 control subjects (24 men and 54 women; average age 66 years). We found much higher plasma levels of RANTES in AD patients compared to controls. A negative correlation of RANTES levels with age, disease duration, Fazekas scale score, and the medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) score (Scheltens’s scale) was found in AD patients, i.e., the higher levels corresponded to earlier stages of the disease. Plasma RANTES levels were not correlated with cognitive scores. In AD patients, RANTES levels were positively correlated with the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, which is consistent with the well-known fact that AD is associated with inflammatory processes. RANTES levels were also positively correlated with insulin levels in AD patients, with insulin resistance (HOMA-R) and pancreatic beta cell function (HOMA-F). This study evaluated several clinical and metabolic factors that may affect plasma levels of RANTES, but these factors could not explain the increases in RANTES levels observed in AD patients. Plasma levels of RANTES appear to be an interesting peripheral marker for early stages of AD. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic on July 22, 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Vacinova
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrinology; Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Vejražkova
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Rusina
- Department of Neurology, Third Faculty of Medicine of Charles University and Thomayer Hospital Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Holmerová
- II. Internal Medicine Clinic, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague; Faculty of Humanitites, Charles University Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Vaňková
- II. Internal Medicine Clinic, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Jarolímová
- II. Internal Medicine Clinic, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Včelák
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Běla Bendlová
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Vaňková
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
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44
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Li M, Chen L, Gao Y, Li M, Wang X, Qiang L, Wang X. Recent advances targeting C-C chemokine receptor type 2 for liver diseases in monocyte/macrophage. Liver Int 2020; 40:2928-2936. [PMID: 33025657 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver plays a critical role in metabolism, nutrient storage and detoxification. Emergency signals or appropriate immune response leads to pathological inflammation and breaks the steady state when liver dysfunction appears, which makes body more susceptible to chronic liver infection, autoimmune diseases and tumour. Compelling proof has illustrated the non-redundant importance of C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2), one of G-protein-coupled receptors, in different diseases. Selectively expressed on the surface of cells, CCR2 is involved in various signalling pathways and regulates the migration of cells. Especially, a peculiar role of CCR2 has been identified within decades in the onset and progression of hepatic diseases, which led to particular focusing on CCR2 as a new therapeutic and diagnostic target for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review, we discuss the effect of CCR2 in monocytes/macrophages on liver diseases. The application and translation of the decades of discoveries into therapies promise novel approaches in the treatment of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaosheng Wang
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Abstract
Several members of the chemokine family are involved in regulation of fibrosis. This review manuscript discusses the role of the chemokines in the pathogenesis of myocardial fibrosis. The CC chemokine CCL2 exerts fibrogenic actions through recruitment and activation of monocytes and macrophages expressing its receptor, CCR2. Other CC chemokines may also contribute to fibrotic remodeling by recruiting subsets of fibrogenic macrophages. CXC chemokines containing the ELR motif may exert pro-fibrotic actions, through recruitment of activated neutrophils and subsequent formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), or via activation of fibrogenic monocytes. CXCL12 has also been suggested to exert fibrogenic actions through effects on fibroblasts and immune cells. In contrast, the CXCR3 ligand CXCL10 was found to reduce cardiac fibrosis, inhibiting fibroblast migration. Chemokines are critical links between inflammation and fibrosis in myocardial disease and may be promising therapeutic targets for patients with heart failure accompanied by prominent inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoshui Li
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY
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46
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Zhang AR, Sun J, He Y, Wang N, Tian L. Attenuation of lipid accumulation in Bel-7402 cells through ADPN/AMPKα signaling stimulated by Fructus rosae laxae extract. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13497. [PMID: 33029846 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a comparison study was conducted on the contents of total flavonoids and hyperoside in different polarity extracts of Fructus rosae laxae (FRL). The lipid-lowering effect and mechanism of FRL ethyl acetate extract (FRLE) on the lipid accumulation model of Bel-7402 cells in vitro were studied. The results showed that the contents of total flavonoids and hyperoside in FRLE were significantly higher than those in the other polarity extracts. Compared with those in the model group, the levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol decreased, the activities of superoxide dismutase and lactate dehydrogenase increased, and the levels of inflammatory factors interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α decreased significantly in the cells intervened with FRLE. Moreover, FRLE can regulate lipid metabolism by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase α phosphorylation pathway and increasing the expression of adiponectin. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Fructus rosae laxae (FRL) is an edible medicinal fruit with multiple biological activities, such as antioxidation, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective properties. However, the lipid-lowering activity of FRL and its mechanism of action have not yet been investigated. Our data indicate that the FRL extract, which contains high levels of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory components, plays a beneficial role in regulating lipid metabolism disorders, mainly by regulating the expression of proteins involved in the ADPN/AMPK signaling pathway, and reduces the release of inflammatory factors. Thus, the FRL extract effectively reduces the accumulation of free fatty acids (FFA) in vitro and exhibits considerable potential for the prevention and treatment lipid metabolism disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Rong Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R.China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R.China
| | - Yuan He
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R.China
| | - Ning Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R.China
| | - Li Tian
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R.China
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47
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How neural stem cells promote the repair of brain injury through immunoregulation. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 133:2365-2367. [PMID: 32889903 PMCID: PMC7546833 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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48
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Pan X, Chiwanda Kaminga A, Liu A, Wen SW, Chen J, Luo J. Chemokines in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1802. [PMID: 33042108 PMCID: PMC7530185 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous results on the relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and chemokine concentrations were inconsistent. The purpose of this network meta-analysis was to evaluate the link between chemokine system and NAFLD. Methods: Relevant data, published not later than June 31, 2019, were searched in the databases of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. A network meta-analysis was used to rank the chemokines by surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) probabilities. In addition, standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated as group differences in the chemokine concentrations. Results: The search in the databases identified 46 relevant studies that investigated the relationship between 15 different chemokines and NAFLD using 4,753 patients and 4,059 controls. Results from the network meta-analysis showed that the concentrations of CCL2 and CXCL8 in the non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) group was significantly higher than that in the control group (SMDs of 1.51 and 1.95, respectively), and the concentrations of CCL3, CCL4, CCL20, CXCL8, and CXCL10 in the non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) group was significantly higher than that in the control group (SMDs of 0.90, 2.05, 2.16, 0.91, and 1.46, respectively). SUCRA probabilities showed that CXCL8 had the highest rank in NAFL for all chemokines and CCL20 had the highest rank in NASH for all chemokines. Conclusion: Elevated concentrations of CCL2, CCL4, CCL20, CXCL8, and CXCL10 may be associated with NAFL or NASH. In this regard, more population-based studies are needed to ascertain this hypothesis. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO: CRD42020139373.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongfeng Pan
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Atipatsa Chiwanda Kaminga
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Mzuzu University, Mzuzu, Malawi
| | - Aizhong Liu
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shi Wu Wen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jihua Chen
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Food Science and Biotechnol, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Jiayou Luo
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
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49
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Zeng J, Liu XL, Xin FZ, Zhao ZH, Shao YL, Yang RX, Pan Q, Fan JG. Effects and therapeutic mechanism of Yinzhihuang on steatohepatitis in rats induced by a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet. J Dig Dis 2020; 21:179-188. [PMID: 31950587 PMCID: PMC7187410 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the therapeutic mechanism of Yinzhihuang (YZH) liquid, a traditional Chinese medicine mainly composed of extracts of four components, on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) induced by a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet (HFHCD) in rats. METHODS Altogether 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three groups: control, the model group (HFHCD + saline) and the treatment group (HFHCD + YZH). Liver histological features and serum biochemical parameters were assessed by the end of the 16th week. RNA sequencing and protein mass spectrometry detection were performed. The genes and proteins expressed differentially were subjected to KEGG pathway enrichment analysis and included in a network-based regulatory model. RESULTS The weight, liver and fat indices and serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and total cholesterol levels of the HFHCD + YZH group were all significantly lower than those of the HFHCD + saline group. Moreover, their hepatic steatosis, ballooning and lobular inflammation were relieved, and 64 hepatic genes and 73 hepatic proteins were found to be reversed in their expression patterns after YZH treatment (P < 0.05). The network-based regulatory model showed that these deregulated genes and proteins were mainly involved in oxidative phosphorylation, Toll-like receptor, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling, nuclear factor-kappa B tumor necrosis factor signaling pathways and fatty acid metabolism. CONCLUSION YZH could alleviate NASH in HFHCD-fed rats by inhibiting lipogenesis, accelerating lipid β-oxidation, alleviating oxidative stress and relieving necroinflammation in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zeng
- Department of GastroenterologyXinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiao Lin Liu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Feng Zhi Xin
- Department of GastroenterologyXinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Ze Hua Zhao
- Department of GastroenterologyXinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - You Lin Shao
- Department of GastroenterologyXinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Rui Xu Yang
- Department of GastroenterologyXinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Qin Pan
- Department of GastroenterologyXinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jian Gao Fan
- Department of GastroenterologyXinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Digestion and NutritionShanghaiChina
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50
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Anstee QM, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Wong VWS, Abdelmalek MF, Younossi ZM, Yuan J, Pecoraro ML, Seyedkazemi S, Fischer L, Bedossa P, Goodman Z, Alkhouri N, Tacke F, Sanyal A. Cenicriviroc for the treatment of liver fibrosis in adults with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: AURORA Phase 3 study design. Contemp Clin Trials 2020; 89:105922. [PMID: 31881392 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2019.105922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a sub-classification of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) characterized by increased risk of progressive liver fibrosis. Cenicriviroc (CVC) is a novel, orally administered, potent chemokine 2 and 5 receptor antagonist currently in development for the treatment of liver fibrosis in adults with NASH. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Efficacy and safety of CVC will be comprehensively evaluated in a global, Phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (AURORA, NCT03028740) of subjects with NASH and Stage F2 or F3 fibrosis. Approximately 2000 adults (Part 1, 1200 subjects; Part 2, 800 additional subjects) aged 18-75 years with histological evidence of NASH with Stage F2 or F3 fibrosis (NASH Clinical Research Network classification system) will be randomized 2:1 to CVC 150 mg or placebo orally once daily. Primary efficacy endpoints will include the proportion of subjects with ≥1-stage improvement in liver fibrosis and no worsening of steatohepatitis at Month 12 relative to screening (Part 1), and time to first occurrence of any adjudicated event: death; histopathologic progression to cirrhosis; liver transplant; Model of End-Stage Liver Disease score ≥ 15; ascites; hospitalization due to liver decompensation (Part 2). Patient-reported outcomes will assess changes in health outcomes from baseline (Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire - NAFLD; Work Productivity and Activity Impairment in NASH; 36-Item Short Form Health Survey version 2). Adverse events will be assessed throughout the study. As there are currently no approved treatments indicated for NASH, the AURORA CVC Phase 3 study addresses an unmet medical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin M Anstee
- Institute of Translational & Clinical Research, 4(th) floor, William Leech Building, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Brent A Neuschwander-Tetri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University, 3635 Vista Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, 9/F, Lui Che Woo Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Zobair M Younossi
- Center for Liver Diseases and Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, 3300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA
| | - Jiacheng Yuan
- Allergan plc, 2525 Dupont Drive, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
| | | | - Star Seyedkazemi
- Allergan plc, 701 Gateway Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Laurent Fischer
- Allergan plc, 701 Gateway Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Pierre Bedossa
- Hôpital Beaujon, 100 Boulevard du Général Leclerc, 92110 Clichy, France
| | - Zachary Goodman
- Center for Liver Diseases and Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, 3300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA
| | - Naim Alkhouri
- Texas Liver Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, 607 Camden Street, Suite 108, San Antonio, TX 78215, USA
| | - Frank Tacke
- Charité University Medical Center Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arun Sanyal
- Virginia Commonwealth University, 1201 East Marshall Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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