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Sharika R, Mongkolpobsin K, Rangsinth P, Prasanth MI, Nilkhet S, Pradniwat P, Tencomnao T, Chuchawankul S. Experimental Models in Unraveling the Biological Mechanisms of Mushroom-Derived Bioactives against Aging- and Lifestyle-Related Diseases: A Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:2682. [PMID: 39203820 PMCID: PMC11357205 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms have garnered considerable interest among researchers due to their immense nutritional and therapeutic properties. The presence of biologically active primary and secondary metabolites, which includes several micronutrients, including vitamins, essential minerals, and other dietary fibers, makes them an excellent functional food. Moreover, the dietary inclusion of mushrooms has been reported to reduce the incidence of aging- and lifestyle-related diseases, such as cancer, obesity, and stroke, as well as to provide overall health benefits by promoting immunomodulation, antioxidant activity, and enhancement of gut microbial flora. The multifunctional activities of several mushroom extracts have been evaluated by both in vitro and in vivo studies using cell lines along with invertebrate and vertebrate model systems to address human diseases and disorders at functional and molecular levels. Although each model has its own strengths as well as lacunas, various studies have generated a plethora of data regarding the regulating players that are modulated in order to provide various protective activities; hence, this review intends to compile and provide an overview of the plausible mechanism of action of mushroom-derived bioactives, which will be helpful in future medicinal explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajasekharan Sharika
- Immunomodulation of Natural Products Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (R.S.); (K.M.); (S.N.); (P.P.)
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kuljira Mongkolpobsin
- Immunomodulation of Natural Products Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (R.S.); (K.M.); (S.N.); (P.P.)
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Panthakarn Rangsinth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Mani Iyer Prasanth
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.I.P.); (T.T.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sunita Nilkhet
- Immunomodulation of Natural Products Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (R.S.); (K.M.); (S.N.); (P.P.)
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Paweena Pradniwat
- Immunomodulation of Natural Products Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (R.S.); (K.M.); (S.N.); (P.P.)
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.I.P.); (T.T.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Chuchawankul
- Immunomodulation of Natural Products Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (R.S.); (K.M.); (S.N.); (P.P.)
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Yang KN, Lin CY, Li WN, Tang CM, Pradhan J, Chao MW, Tseng CY. Ganoderma tsuage promotes pain sensitivity in aging mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11536. [PMID: 38773201 PMCID: PMC11109092 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61499-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Advances in modern medicine have extended human life expectancy, leading to a world with a gradually aging society. Aging refers to a natural decline in the physiological functions of a species over time, such as reduced pain sensitivity and reaction speed. Healthy-level physiological pain serves as a warning signal to the body, helping to avoid noxious stimuli. Physiological pain sensitivity gradually decreases in the elderly, increasing the risk of injury. Therefore, geriatric health care receives growing attention, potentially improving the health status and life quality of the elderly, further reducing medical burden. Health food is a geriatric healthcare choice for the elderly with Ganoderma tsuage (GT), a Reishi type, as the main product in the market. GT contains polysaccharides, triterpenoids, adenosine, immunoregulatory proteins, and other components, including anticancer, blood sugar regulating, antioxidation, antibacterial, antivirus, and liver and stomach damage protective agents. However, its pain perception-related effects remain elusive. This study thus aimed at addressing whether GT could prevent pain sensitivity reduction in the elderly. We used a galactose-induced animal model for aging to evaluate whether GT could maintain pain sensitivity in aging mice undergoing formalin pain test, hot water test, and tail flexes. Our results demonstrated that GT significantly improved the sensitivity and reaction speed to pain in the hot water, hot plate, and formalin tests compared with the control. Therefore, our animal study positions GT as a promising compound for pain sensitivity maintenance during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ning Yang
- Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Nong Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ming Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jyotirmayee Pradhan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Chao
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Tseng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Ahmad MF, Ahmad FA, Hasan N, Alsayegh AA, Hakami O, Bantun F, Tasneem S, Alamier WM, Babalghith AO, Aldairi AF, Kambal N, Elbendary EY. Ganoderma lucidum: Multifaceted mechanisms to combat diabetes through polysaccharides and triterpenoids: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131644. [PMID: 38642691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder. Diabetes complications can affect many organs and systems in the body. Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) contains various compounds that have been studied for their potential antidiabetic effects, including polysaccharides, triterpenoids (ganoderic acids, ganoderol B), proteoglycans, and G. lucidum extracts. G. lucidum polysaccharides (GLPs) and triterpenoids have been shown to act through distinct mechanisms, such as improving glucose metabolism, modulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) system, inhibiting the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, and protecting the pancreatic beta cells. While GLPs exhibit a significant role in controlling diabetic nephropathy and other associated complications. This review states the G. lucidum antidiabetic mechanisms of action and potential biologically active compounds that contribute to diabetes management and associated complications. To make G. lucidum an appropriate replacement for the treatment of diabetes with fewer side effects, more study is required to completely comprehend the number of physiologically active compounds present in it as well as the underlying cellular mechanisms that influence their effects on diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Faruque Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fakhruddin Ali Ahmad
- Department of Basic and Applied Science, School of Engineering and Science, G.D Goenka University, Gurugram 122103, Haryana, India
| | - Nazim Hasan
- Department of Physical Sciences, Chemistry Division, College of Science, Jazan University, P. O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Nanotechnology research unit, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulrahman A Alsayegh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman Hakami
- Department of Physical Sciences, Chemistry Division, College of Science, Jazan University, P. O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Nanotechnology research unit, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farkad Bantun
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadma Tasneem
- Department of Physical Sciences, Chemistry Division, College of Science, Jazan University, P. O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed M Alamier
- Department of Physical Sciences, Chemistry Division, College of Science, Jazan University, P. O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Nanotechnology research unit, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad O Babalghith
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F Aldairi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahla Kambal
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab Y Elbendary
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Huang D, Shen S, Zhuang Q, Ye X, Qian Y, Dong Z, Wan X. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide ameliorates cholesterol gallstone formation by modulating cholesterol and bile acid metabolism in an FXR-dependent manner. Chin Med 2024; 19:16. [PMID: 38268006 PMCID: PMC10809463 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00889-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholesterol gallstone (CG) disease is a worldwide common disease characterized by cholesterol supersaturation in gallbladder bile. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) has been shown to possess various beneficial effects against metabolic disorders. However, the role and underlying mechanism of GLP in CG formation are still unknown. This study aimed to determine the role of GLP in ameliorating lithogenic diet (LD)-induced CG formation. METHODS Mice were fed either a normal chow diet, a LD, or LD supplemented with GLP. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting were used to detect the expression of genes involved in cholesterol and bile acid (BA) metabolism. The BA concentrations in the ileum were quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The microbiota in cecal contents were characterized using 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequencing. RESULTS GLP effectively alleviated CG formation induced by LD. Specifically, GLP reduced the total cholesterol (TC) levels, increased the total BA levels, and decreased the cholesterol saturation index (CSI) in gallbladder bile. The protective effect of GLP was attributed to the inhibition of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling, increased hepatic BA synthesis and decreased hepatic cholesterol synthesis and secretion. GLP also altered the BA composition in the ileum, reducing FXR-agonistic BAs and increasing FXR-antagonistic BAs, which may contribute to the inhibition of intestinal FXR signaling. Additionally, GLP improved dysbiosis of the intestinal flora and reduced the serum levels of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a bacterial metabolite that can induce hepatic FXR, thereby inhibiting hepatic FXR signaling. Moreover, the protective effect of GLP against CG formation could be reversed by both the global and gut-restricted FXR agonists. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, GLP ameliorates CG formation by regulating cholesterol and BA metabolism in an FXR-dependent manner. Our study demonstrates that GLP may be a potential strategy for the prevention against CG disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Huang
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Shuang Shen
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Qian Zhuang
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yueqin Qian
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Zhixia Dong
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Xinjian Wan
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Qin FY, Chen YY, Zhang JJ, Cheng YX. Meroterpenoid Dimers from Ganoderma Mushrooms and Their Biological Activities Against Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Front Chem 2022; 10:888371. [PMID: 35592305 PMCID: PMC9111535 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.888371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(±)-Dimercochlearlactones A-J (1-10), ten pairs of novel meroterpenoid dimers and one known spirocochlealactone A (11), were isolated from Ganoderma mushrooms. The structural elucidation of new compounds, including their absolute configurations, depends on spectroscopic analysis and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Biological studies showed that (+)- and (-)-2, (-)-3, and (+)- and (-)-11 are cytotoxic toward human triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells (MDA-MB-231) with IC50 values of 28.18, 25.65, 11.16, 8.18, and 13.02 μM, respectively. Wound healing assay revealed that five pairs of meroterpenoids (±)-5-(±)-8 and (±)-10 could significantly inhibit cell mobility at 20 μM in MDA-MB-231 cells. The results provide a new insight into the biological role of Ganoderma meroterpenoids in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Ying Qin
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan-Yi Chen
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Zhang
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong-Xian Cheng
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Functional Substances in Medicinal Edible Resources and Healthcare Products, School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, China
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Chan SW, Tomlinson B, Chan P, Lam CWK. The beneficial effects of Ganoderma lucidum on cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:1161-1171. [PMID: 34465259 PMCID: PMC8409941 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1969413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Various herbal medicines are thought to be useful in the management of cardiometabolic disease and its risk factors. Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst. (Ganodermataceae), also known as Lingzhi, has received considerable attention for various indications, including some related to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and metabolic disease by ameliorating major cardiovascular risk factors. OBJECTIVE This review focuses on the major studies of the whole plant, plant extract, and specific active compounds isolated from G. lucidum in relation to the main risk factors for cardiometabolic disease. METHODS References from major databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were compiled. The search terms used were Ganoderma lucidum, Lingzhi, Reishi, cardiovascular, hypoglycaemic, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, antihypertensive, and anti-inflammatory. RESULTS A number of in vitro studies and in vivo animal models have found that G. lucidum possesses antioxidative, antihypertensive, hypoglycaemic, lipid-lowering, and anti-inflammatory properties, but the health benefits in clinical trials are inconsistent. Among these potential health benefits, the most compelling evidence thus far is its hypoglycaemic effects in patients with type 2 diabetes or hyperglycaemia. CONCLUSIONS The inconsistent evidence about the potential health benefits of G. lucidum is possibly because of the use of different Ganoderma formulations and different study populations. Further large controlled clinical studies are therefore needed to clarify the potential benefits of G. lucidum preparations standardised by known active components in the prevention and treatment of cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Wa Chan
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Brian Tomlinson
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science & Technology, Macau, China
| | - Paul Chan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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Cai D, Zhang JJ, Wu ZH, Qin FY, Yan YM, Zhang M, Cheng YX. Lucidumones B-H, racemic meroterpenoids that inhibit tumor cell migration from Ganoderma lucidum. Bioorg Chem 2021; 110:104774. [PMID: 33711656 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Seven new meroterpenoids, lucidumones B-H (1 and 3-8), along with one known meroterpenoid (2), were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum. The structures of the new compounds were assigned by spectroscopic and computational methods. All the isolated compounds were tested for their inhibition on human cancer cell migration. It was found that compounds (-)-1, (+)-2, (-)-4, (+)-6, and (+)-8 could significantly inhibit cell migration in KYSE30 cell line. Further examination disclosed that cell migration inhibition of (+)-6 and (+)-8 might be related with downregulation of N-cadherin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Hong Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Ying Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Ming Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong-Xian Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China.
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Xiao C, Jiao C, Xie Y, Ye L, Li Q, Wu Q. Grifola frondosa GF5000 improves insulin resistance by modulation the composition of gut microbiota in diabetic rats. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
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Xiao H, Fang Z, He X, Ding P, Cao Y, Chan S, Hou S, Liang J. Recombinant ling zhi-8 enhances Tregs function to restore glycemic control in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1946-1955. [PMID: 32803752 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the effect of recombinant LZ-8 (rLZ-8) on streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and further illustrate its underlying mechanism. METHODS Rats were intraperitoneally injected with single-dose STZ 50 mg/kg for induction of type 1 diabetes (T1D), and then, the diabetic rats were treated with rLZ-8 for 3 months. The clinical symptoms, fasting blood glucose, insulin, cytokines, histopathology, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were used to evaluate the therapeutic effect and underlying mechanism of rLZ-8 on alleviating diabetes mellitus (DM). KEY FINDINGS Treatment with rLZ-8 obviously alleviated the clinical symptoms of T1D and dose-dependently reduced the levels of blood glucose, blood lipid and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in diabetic rat model. Meanwhile, rLZ-8 markedly increased insulin secretion and protected against STZ-induced pancreatic tissue injury. Additionally, rLZ-8 dramatically inhibited the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β, and obviously increased the level of IL-10 in serum and pancreas. Further investigation indicated that rLZ-8 treatment significantly increased the number of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and up-regulated the expression of Foxp3 to restore balance between anti-inflammatory and inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that rLZ-8 can antagonize STZ-induced T1D, and its mechanism may be related to inhibit inflammation and enhance Tregs generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueling He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongkai Cao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shamyuen Chan
- Shenzhen Fan Mao Pharmaceutical Co., Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaozhen Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Bao S, Wu YL, Wang X, Han S, Cho S, Ao W, Nan JX. Agriophyllum oligosaccharides ameliorate hepatic injury in type 2 diabetic db/db mice targeting INS-R/IRS-2/PI3K/AKT/PPAR-γ/Glut4 signal pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 257:112863. [PMID: 32302715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Agriophyllum squarrosum (L.) Moq. is a traditional Mongol medicine generally used to treat diabetes. OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effects and potential mechanisms of Agriophyllum oligosaccharides (AOS) on liver injury in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The db/db mice were divided into the model group (Model), metformin group (MET), high-dose AOS group (HAOS), and low-dose AOS group (LAOS). Nondiabetic littermate control db/m mice were used as the normal control group (Control). Mice in AOS groups were treated with AOS (380 or 750 mg/kg) daily, for 8 weeks. At 8 weeks, blood samples were collected to detect lipid and enzyme parameters concerning hepatic function, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Random blood glucose (RBG) test, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and oral maltose tolerance test (OMTT) were also conducted. Microscopy was used to observe morphological changes in the liver of AOS-treated groups. Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression, including insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS-2), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, insulin receptor (INS-R), and Glut4. Furthermore, western blotting was performed to identify proteins, including phosphorylation of IRS-2 (p-IRS-2), PI3K, p-AKT, PPAR-γ, INS-R, and Glut4. Hepatic protein expression of p-IRS-2, PI3K, p-AKT, PPAR-γ, INS-R, and Glut4 was observed using immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS AOS treatment significantly decreased RBG, OGTT, and OMTT in mice, as well as serum ALT and AST activities. AOS groups demonstrated significantly higher expressions of p-IRS-2, PI3K, PPAR-γ, p-AKT, INS-R, and Glut4 protein and IRS-2, PI3K, AKT, PPAR-γ, INS-R, and Glut4 mRNA in the liver tissue of db/db mice; the degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes and formation of collagen fibres markedly reduced, improving the structural disorder in the liver. CONCLUSION The results suggest that AOS could protect the liver in type 2 diabetes, in part by activating insulin in the INS-R/IRS2/PI3K/AKT/Glut4/PPAR-γ signal pathway, facilitating hepatocyte proliferation, and further reducing the blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyin Bao
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, PR China; Medical College, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, PR China
| | - Yan-Ling Wu
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, PR China
| | - Xiuzhi Wang
- Department of Medicines and Foods, Tongliao Vocational College, Tongliao, 028000, PR China
| | - Shuying Han
- Basic Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, PR China
| | - SungBo Cho
- College of Traditional Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, PR China
| | - Wuliji Ao
- College of Traditional Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, PR China.
| | - Ji-Xing Nan
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, PR China; Clinical Research Center, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, PR China.
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Hilliard A, Mendonca P, Soliman KFA. Involvement of NFƙB and MAPK signaling pathways in the preventive effects of Ganoderma lucidum on the inflammation of BV-2 microglial cells induced by LPS. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 345:577269. [PMID: 32480240 PMCID: PMC7382303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum extract (GLE) is a potent ancient Asian remedy for the treatment of various diseases. This study investigated GLE preventive effects on LPS-stimulated inflammation of BV-2 microglial cells. The results show that pre-treatment with GLE decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines: G-CSF, IL1-α, MCP-5, MIP3α, and, with a higher effect in MIP3α. In RT-PCR assays, pre-treatment with GLE decreased mRNA expression of CHUK, NFκB1/p150, and IKBKE (NFƙB signaling), which may be associated with the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease. The data show GLE inhibiting ability on pro-inflammatory mediators' release and suggest a potential role of GLE in neurodegenerative disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Hilliard
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States of America
| | - Patricia Mendonca
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States of America
| | - Karam F A Soliman
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States of America.
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