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Chang CS, Shim JI, Byeon SJ, Lee EJ, Lee YY, Kim TJ, Lee JW, Kim BG, Choi CH. Prognostic Significance of HER3 Expression in Patients with Cervical Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092139. [PMID: 35565268 PMCID: PMC9104480 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
HER3 has been recognized to have an oncogenic role in various types of cancer. However, its prognostic significance has not been elucidated in cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of HER3 expression in cervical cancer using immunohistochemistry (IHC). HER3 immunohistochemical staining was performed on the tumor tissue samples of 336 cervical cancer patients. The association between the clinicopathological characteristics and patient survival analysis was assessed according to HER3 expression. HER3 IHC staining was positive in 31.0% (104/336) of the cervical cancer patients. A higher proportion of adeno-/adenosquamous carcinoma was observed in the HER3-positive group (34.6%) than in the HER3-negative group (18.8%). In survival analysis, HER3 expression was significantly associated with poorer disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). Multivariate analysis also indicated that HER3 expression was an independent prognostic factor for DFS (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.42−4.67, p = 0.002) and OS (HR = 3.21, 95% CI, 1.26−8.14, p = 0.014). HER3 protein expression was a poor prognostic factor of survival in patients with cervical cancer. This finding could help to provide individualized management for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Son Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (C.-S.C.); (J.I.S.); (E.J.L.); (Y.-Y.L.); (T.-J.K.); (J.-W.L.); (B.-G.K.)
| | - Jung In Shim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (C.-S.C.); (J.I.S.); (E.J.L.); (Y.-Y.L.); (T.-J.K.); (J.-W.L.); (B.-G.K.)
| | - Sun-Ju Byeon
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwasung 18450, Korea;
| | - Eun Jin Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (C.-S.C.); (J.I.S.); (E.J.L.); (Y.-Y.L.); (T.-J.K.); (J.-W.L.); (B.-G.K.)
| | - Yoo-Young Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (C.-S.C.); (J.I.S.); (E.J.L.); (Y.-Y.L.); (T.-J.K.); (J.-W.L.); (B.-G.K.)
| | - Tae-Joong Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (C.-S.C.); (J.I.S.); (E.J.L.); (Y.-Y.L.); (T.-J.K.); (J.-W.L.); (B.-G.K.)
| | - Jeong-Won Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (C.-S.C.); (J.I.S.); (E.J.L.); (Y.-Y.L.); (T.-J.K.); (J.-W.L.); (B.-G.K.)
| | - Byoung-Gie Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (C.-S.C.); (J.I.S.); (E.J.L.); (Y.-Y.L.); (T.-J.K.); (J.-W.L.); (B.-G.K.)
| | - Chel Hun Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (C.-S.C.); (J.I.S.); (E.J.L.); (Y.-Y.L.); (T.-J.K.); (J.-W.L.); (B.-G.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3410-3545; Fax: +82-2-3410-0630
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Almadori G, Coli A, De Corso E, Mele DA, Settimi S, Di Cintio G, Brigato F, Scannone D, Carey TE, Paludetti G, Lauriola L, Ranelletti FO. Nuclear HER3 expression improves the prognostic stratification of patients with HER1 positive advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. J Transl Med 2021; 19:408. [PMID: 34579737 PMCID: PMC8477517 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Compared to the other members of human epidermal growth factor family receptors (HER), the role of HER3 has not been well defined in laryngeal cancer. The predictive and prognostic role of HER3 has been the focus of clinical attention but the research findings are contradictory, especially in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). The variable localization of HER3 within cancer cells and the role of HER3 in primary and acquired resistance to HER1-targeted therapies remain unclear. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of two cohorts of 66 homogeneous consecutive untreated primary advanced LSCC patients, in which co-expression of HER1, HER2 and HER3 receptors was investigated by semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry. The association of their pattern of expression with survival was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier and Cox’s proportional hazard analyses. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were developed to predict median 2- and 3-year RFS and 2.5- and 5-year OS. The Akaike information criterion technique and backwards stepwise procedure were used for model selections. The performance of the final Cox models was assessed with respect to calibration and discrimination. Results Immunohistochemical labeling for HER1 and HER2 was localized both in the cell membrane and in the cytoplasm, while HER3 labeling was observed both in the cell cytoplasm and in the nucleus. HER3 expression was inversely correlated with HER1 positivity. The expression patterns of HERs were associated with tumor differentiation. In both cohorts of patients, HER1 expression was associated with reduced relapse-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS). In HER1 positive tumors, the co-expression with nuclear HER3 was associated with better RFS and OS, compared with HER3 negative tumors or tumors expressing HER3 at cytoplasmic level. HER3 expressing tumors had a higher Geminin/MCM7 ratio than HER3 negative ones, regardless of HER1 co-expression. Multivariable analyses identified age at diagnosis, tumor site, HER1, HER3 and age at diagnosis, tumor stage, HER1, HER3, as covariates significantly associated with RFS and OS, respectively. Bootstrapping verified the good fitness of these models for predicting survivals and the optimism-corrected C-indices were 0.76 and 0.77 for RFS and OS, respectively. Conclusions Nuclear HER3 expression was strongly associated with favourable prognosis and allows to improve the prognostic stratification of patients with HER1 positive advanced LSCC carcinoma. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-03081-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Almadori
- Unit of Head and Neck Oncology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS-Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy. .,Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Roma, Italy. .,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.
| | - Antonella Coli
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.,Unit of Anatomic Pathology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Eugenio De Corso
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Dario Antonio Mele
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Settimi
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Cintio
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Brigato
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Domenico Scannone
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Thomas E Carey
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gaetano Paludetti
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Roma, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Libero Lauriola
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.,Unit of Anatomic Pathology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Roma, Italy
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Rysman B, Mouawad F, Gros A, Lansiaux A, Chevalier D, Meignan S. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Head Neck 2016; 38 Suppl 1:E2412-8. [PMID: 26835877 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) is a member of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family. The main characteristic of HER3 is that it does not possess tyrosine kinase activity, unlike other HERs. The role of HER3 in tumorigenesis has now been recognized, particularly in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Despite conflicting studies, HER3 was found to be overexpressed in HNSCC samples, and correlates with disease progression and poor survival, especially when it is coexpressed with other HERs. HER3 is a significant factor in HNSCC treatment resistance. Indeed, HER3 is a major mechanism described for cetuximab resistance because of modification of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) internalization and by phosphotidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway activation. HER3 also affects resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and thereby promotes treatment escape and radiotherapy resistance by activation of the survival signaling pathway. To counteract this, pharmacologic inhibitors of HER3 are currently in development and could significantly improve HNSCC treatment. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2412-E2418, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Rysman
- ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department, Huriez Hospital, University of Lille, Lille, France.,Tumorigenesis and Resistance to Treatment Unit, Centre Oscar Lambret, Inserm U908, IRCL, Lille, France
| | - François Mouawad
- ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department, Huriez Hospital, University of Lille, Lille, France.,Tumorigenesis and Resistance to Treatment Unit, Centre Oscar Lambret, Inserm U908, IRCL, Lille, France
| | - Abigaëlle Gros
- Tumorigenesis and Resistance to Treatment Unit, Centre Oscar Lambret, Inserm U908, IRCL, Lille, France
| | - Amélie Lansiaux
- Tumorigenesis and Resistance to Treatment Unit, Centre Oscar Lambret, Inserm U908, IRCL, Lille, France
| | - Dominique Chevalier
- ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department, Huriez Hospital, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Samuel Meignan
- Tumorigenesis and Resistance to Treatment Unit, Centre Oscar Lambret, Inserm U908, IRCL, Lille, France
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Rajkumar T, Stamp GW, Hughes CM, Gullick WJ. c-erbB3 protein expression in ovarian cancer. Mol Pathol 2010; 49:M199-202. [PMID: 16696074 PMCID: PMC408058 DOI: 10.1136/mp.49.4.m199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Aims-To study the prevalence of overexpression of c-erbB3 growth factor receptor in ovarian carcinomas and to analyse its relation to histological subtype, stage and grade of the tumours.Methods-Ninety eight ovarian carcinomas were evaluated immunohistochemically using the RTJ1 monoclonal antibody raised against a synthetic peptide, the sequence of which was derived from the cytoplasmic domain of the c-erbB3 protein.Results-Of the tumours, 16% (16/98) overexpressed c-erbB3 protein relative to normal ovarian epithelium, whereas 22% (22/98) were completely negative. There was a statistically significant association between overexpression and well differentiated grade.Conclusions-These findings suggest that c-erbB3 protein overexpression occurs in a significant proportion of ovarian cancers and is correlated with differentiation. Overexpression may merit further investigation as a potential prognostic indicator and as a target for new treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Rajkumar
- ICRF Oncology Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 ONN
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5
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Reschke M, Mihic-Probst D, van der Horst EH, Knyazev P, Wild PJ, Hutterer M, Meyer S, Dummer R, Moch H, Ullrich A. HER3 is a determinant for poor prognosis in melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:5188-97. [PMID: 18698037 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The epidermal growth factor receptor family member HER3 is overexpressed in diverse human cancers and has been associated with poor prognosis in breast, lung, and ovarian cancer. However, the relevance of HER3 with regard to its prognostic significance and function in primary melanoma and metastases remains largely elusive. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN HER3 protein expression was analyzed immunohistochemically using tissue microarrays of 130 primary melanoma and 87 metastases relative to established clinical variables. The possibility of an influence of HER3 on melanoma cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and chemotherapy-induced apoptosis was studied in human melanoma cell lines. RESULTS We show that HER3 is frequently expressed in malignant melanoma and metastases at elevated levels. High HER3 expression may serve as a prognostic marker because it correlates with cell proliferation, tumor progression, and reduced patient survival. Suppression of HER3 expression by RNA interference reduces melanoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. In addition, down-regulation of HER3 synergistically enhances dacarbazine-induced apoptosis. Moreover, monoclonal antibodies specific for the extracellular portion of HER3 efficiently block heregulin-induced proliferation, migration, and invasion of melanoma cell lines. CONCLUSION Our results provide novel insights into the role of HER3 in melanoma and point out new possibilities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Reschke
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Munich, Germany
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6
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The hamster model of sequential oral oncogenesis. Oral Oncol 2007; 44:315-24. [PMID: 18061531 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2007.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2007] [Revised: 06/26/2007] [Accepted: 08/15/2007] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common cancer characterised by low survival rate and poor prognosis. The multistep process of oral carcinogenesis is affected by multiple genetic events such as alterations of oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. The use of appropriate experimental animal models that accurately represent the cellular and molecular changes which are associated with the initiation and progression of human oral cancer is of crucial importance. The Syrian golden hamster cheek pouch oral carcinogenesis model is the best known animal system that closely correlates events involved in the development of premalignant and malignant human oral cancers. Therefore, we established an experimental system of chemically induced oral carcinogenesis in hamsters, in order to study different stages of tumour formation: normal mucosa, hyperkeratosis, hyperplasia, dysplasia, early invasion, well differentiated OSCC and moderately differentiated OSCC. We investigated the expression of oncogenes EGFR, erbB2, erbB3, FGFR-2, FGFR-3, c-myc, N-ras, ets-1, H-ras, c-fos and c-jun, apoptosis markers Bax and Bcl-2, tumour suppressor genes p53 and p16, and cell proliferation marker Ki-67 in the sequential stages of hamster oral oncogenesis. Here, we describe the findings of the experimental model in regard to the involvement of signal transduction pathways in every stage of cancer development. Increased apoptosis and cell proliferation were observed in early stages of oral oncogenesis. Furthermore, the increased expression of transmembrane receptors (EGFR, erbB2, FGFR-2 and FGFR-3) as well as the increased expression of nuclear transcriptional factors in early stages of oral cancer indicates that these molecules may be used as early prognostic factors for the progression of OSCC. Since the expression of both H-ras and N-ras do not seem to affect signal transduction during oral oncogenesis, it can be assumed that a different signalling pathway, such as the PI3K and/or PLCgamma pathway, may be implicated in the pathogenesis of OSCC.
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7
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Vairaktaris E, Goutzanis L, Vassiliou S, Spyridonidou S, Nkenke E, Papageorgiou G, Strantzias P, Lazaris A, Yapijakis C, Patsouris E. Enhancement of erbB2 and erbB3 expression during oral oncogenesis in diabetic rats. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2007; 134:337-44. [PMID: 17704947 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-007-0289-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2006] [Accepted: 07/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The expression of erbB2 and erbB3 receptors was investigated in an experimental model of chemically induced oral carcinogenesis in normal and diabetic (type I) Sprague-Dawley rats. METHODS Thirteen diabetic and twelve normal rats developed precancerous and cancerous lesions after 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide treatment, while six diabetic and six normal animals were used as controls. Sections of biopsies from all animals were classified histologically in the following categories: normal mucosa, hyperplasia, dysplasia, early invasion, well- and moderately-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Each section was studied immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies against erbB2 and erbB3 proteins and six representative histological regions in each section were analysed. RESULTS The erbB2 was expressed at very low levels in normal rats, while in diabetic animals its expression was significantly increased during early invasion (P = 0.04). The erbB3 expression was significantly elevated in well-differentiated carcinoma in normal animals (P = 0.01), while in diabetic animals it was significantly increased during oral mucosal hyperplasia and dysplasia (P = 0.03 and 0.0007, respectively). The comparison of erbB2 expression between diabetic and normal rats revealed significant differences in all stages except for the tumor stage of moderately differentiated carcinoma (P = 0.01, 0.00001, 0.00001, 0.003, and 0.00001). In regard to erbB3 expression, significant differences between diabetic and normal rats existed only in normal, non-cancerous and precancerous stages (P = 0.007, 0.0001, 0.0003). CONCLUSIONS It seems that diabetes enhances the expression of both erbB2 and erbB3 in certain stages of oral oncogenesis possibly resulting in promotion of cell proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Vairaktaris
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Athens Medical School, Vas. Sofias 93 and Dim. Soutsou 1, Athens 11521, Greece.
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8
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Guntinas-Lichius O, Wittekindt C. The Role of Growth Factors for Disease and Therapy in Diseases of the Head and Neck. DNA Cell Biol 2003; 22:593-606. [PMID: 14577911 DOI: 10.1089/104454903322405473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth factors are a large family of polypeptide molecules that regulate cell division in many tissues by autocrine or paracrine mechanisms. Depending on what receptors are activated, growth factors can initiate mitogenic, antiproliferative, or trophic effects, that is, growth factors act as positive or negative modulators of cell proliferation. Therefore, growth factors do not only play an important role in embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis, but also in pathological situations like infection, wound healing, and tumorigenesis. Consequently, the application of growth factors, or vice versa the application of substances which are directed against growth factors like antigrowth factor antibodies, may have therapeutic applications. This review provides a brief account of what we know regarding growth factors in otorhinolaryngology, particularly in the field of otology, wound healing, oncology, peripheral nerve regeneration, and rhinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Guntinas-Lichius
- Clinic of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cologne, Germany.
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9
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Krähn G, Leiter U, Kaskel P, Udart M, Utikal J, Bezold G, Peter RU. Coexpression patterns of EGFR, HER2, HER3 and HER4 in non-melanoma skin cancer. Eur J Cancer 2001; 37:251-9. [PMID: 11166154 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(00)00364-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), HER2, HER3 and HER4 are involved in the pathogenesis of multiple human malignant neoplasias. However, their role in the carcinogenesis of basal cell carcinomas (BCC) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) remains to be elucidated. In order to further define the role of these RTKs, 56 human skin tissue samples of normal skin, BCC and SCC were studied by conventional and differential and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR). EGFR and HER3 were predominantly expressed in the BCCs and SCCs, while HER2 was ubiquitously expressed. HER4 was not expressed in any sample. Since in vitro studies have provided compelling evidence that heterodimer formation of these receptors are associated with different signal transduction processes, coexpression patterns might be decisive for the induction and maintenance of a malignant phenotype. These results confirm this concept: isolated HER2 expression and EGFR/HER2 were predominantly found in normal skin, while HER2/HER3 and the triple expression of EGFR/HER2/HER3 were seen more frequently in the BCCs and SCCs compared with normal skin (50% and 40% compared with 26%, respectively). The activation of HER3, in addition to EGFR and HER2, might therefore be associated with the malignant phenotype. However, due to the small numbers in this study, further confirmation of the patterns is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Krähn
- Department of Dermatology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.
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10
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O-charoenrat P, Rhys-Evans P, Court WJ, Box GM, Eccles SA. Differential modulation of proliferation, matrix metalloproteinase expression and invasion of human head and neck squamous carcinoma cells by c-erbB ligands. Clin Exp Metastasis 2000; 17:631-9. [PMID: 10845563 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006751016860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that there is an association between the abnormal expression of members of the c-erbB receptor tyrosine kinase family and poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Until now, the relative contributions of different c-erbB ligands to HNSCC progression have not been clearly defined. In this paper we examined the effects of ligands with different c-erbB receptor specificities in terms of their stimulation of HNSCC proliferation, expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and invasion. Heregulin-beta1 (HRG-beta1; selective c-erbB3/B4 ligand) was found to stimulate proliferation in the majority of cell lines, whereas epidermal growth factor (EGF; EGFR ligand) and betacellulin (BTC; EGFR/B4 ligand) induced variable responses. All three ligands up-regulated multiple MMPs including collagenases, stromelysins, matrilysin and gelatinase B (MMP-9) but had minimal or no effects on gelatinase A (MMP-2), MT1-MMP and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs). MMP-9 mRNA was induced to a higher level than other MMPs, although with slower kinetics. HRG-beta1 was less active than EGF and BTC at the optimal concentration (relative potency of EGF:BTC:HRG = 3:4:1). In vitro invasion through Matrigel was also increased by all three ligands in proportion to their MMP up-regulation. A specific anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody (mAb ICR62) inhibited MMP up-regulation, migration and invasion induced by all three ligands, whereas an anti-c-erbB-2 mAb ICR12 inhibited mitogenic and motogenic responses following ligand stimulation but had no effect on MMP expression. These results suggest that c-erbB ligands may differentially potentiate the invasive phenotype of HNSCC via co-operative induction of cell proliferation, migration and proteolysis. The EGFR signalling pathway appears to be the dominant component controlling the proteolytic and invasive phenotype in HNSCC, whereas the c-erbB-2 signalling pathway is responsible, in part, for the mitogenic and motogenic effects of ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- P O-charoenrat
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.
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11
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Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the predominant histologic subtype of esophageal cancer and characterized by high mortality rate and geographic differences in incidence. With the advances in the field of molecular biology, our understanding of the pathogenesis, epidemiology and behavior of ESCC continues to evolve. The recent development includes research in etiopathogenesis (viruses and cancer susceptibility genes), keratins, tumor related genes (oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, genes involved in metastasis and apoptosis genes), proliferation-related factors (nuclear proteins, flow cytometry/morphometry, argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region) and factors related to metastases (cell adhesion molecules and enzymes related to degradation of extracellular matrix). There are ranges of molecular techniques potentially available to complement the traditional approaches in the management of ESCC. On the other hand, critics are needed in the interpretation and translation of these research findings from laboratories to clinics. Further investigations, education and collaborations between the various scientific and clinical disciplines are important to successful application of these molecular findings aiming at improving management of patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Lam
- Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.
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12
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Rodrigo JP, Ramos S, Lazo PS, Alvarez I, Suárez C. Amplification of ERBB oncogenes in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Eur J Cancer 1996; 32A:2004-10. [PMID: 8943688 DOI: 10.1016/0959-8049(96)00223-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The activation of ERBB oncogenes has been described in various human tumours, including squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN), and, in some of them, it has been correlated with a poor prognosis. Tissue samples from 59 patients with SCCHN were studied. After DNA extraction, the ERBB1, ERBB2 and ERBB3 copy number in tumour samples was estimated with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The PCR products were analysed by agarose gel electrophoresis and quantified by image analysis techniques. 9 (15%) cases presented with ERBB1 amplification, which was correlated with lymph node involvement (P = 0.04), poorly differentiated tumours (P = 0.03) and a hypopharyngeal primary site (P = 0.035). No correlation among amplification status, recurrence, metastases and survival was observed, although this may be due to the small number of patients in the amplified group. None of the 59 cases presented amplification of ERBB2 and ERBB3 oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Rodrigo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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13
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Birchmeier C, Meyer D, Riethmacher D. Factors controlling growth, motility, and morphogenesis of normal and malignant epithelial cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1995; 160:221-66. [PMID: 7558684 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61556-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Factors that control epithelial growth, motility, and morphogenesis play important roles in malignancy and in normal development. Here we discuss the molecular nature and the function of two types of molecules that control the development and maintenance of epithelia: Components that regulate epithelial cell adhesion; and soluble factors and their receptors that regulate growth, motility, differentiation, and morphogenesis. In development, the establishment of epithelial cell characteristics and organization is crucially dependent on cell adhesion and the formation of functional adherens junctions. The integrity of adherens junctions is frequently disturbed late in tumor progression, and the resulting loss of epithelial characteristics correlates with the metastatic potential of carcinoma cells. Various soluble factors that induce epithelial growth, motility, or differentiation in cell culture, function via tyrosine kinase receptors. We concentrate here on receptors that are expressed exclusively or predominantly on epithelia, and on ligands that are derived from the mesenchyme. In development, these receptors and their ligands function in mesenchymal-epithelial interactions, which are known to govern growth, morphogenesis, and differentiation of epithelia. During tumor development, mutations or overexpression of the receptors are frequently observed; these alterations contribute to the development and progression of carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Birchmeier
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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