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Luo L, Chang Y, Sun B, Su B, Zhang L, Nie L, Chen J, Liang L. Molecular characterization and expression analysis of the transferrin gene in Amur ide (Leuciscus waleckii) in response to high alkaline stress. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2021.2016419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yumei Chang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Sun
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baofeng Su
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Limin Zhang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Nie
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liqun Liang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
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Takvam M, Wood CM, Kryvi H, Nilsen TO. Ion Transporters and Osmoregulation in the Kidney of Teleost Fishes as a Function of Salinity. Front Physiol 2021; 12:664588. [PMID: 33967835 PMCID: PMC8098666 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.664588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Euryhaline teleosts exhibit major changes in renal function as they move between freshwater (FW) and seawater (SW) environments, thus tolerating large fluctuations in salinity. In FW, the kidney excretes large volumes of water through high glomerular filtration rates (GFR) and low tubular reabsorption rates, while actively reabsorbing most ions at high rates. The excreted product has a high urine flow rate (UFR) with a dilute composition. In SW, GFR is greatly reduced, and the tubules reabsorb as much water as possible, while actively secreting divalent ions. The excreted product has a low UFR, and is almost isosmotic to the blood plasma, with Mg2+, SO42–, and Cl– as the major ionic components. Early studies at the organismal level have described these basic patterns, while in the last two decades, studies of regulation at the cell and molecular level have been implemented, though only in a few euryhaline groups (salmonids, eels, tilapias, and fugus). There have been few studies combining the two approaches. The aim of the review is to integrate known aspects of renal physiology (reabsorption and secretion) with more recent advances in molecular water and solute physiology (gene and protein function of transporters). The renal transporters addressed include the subunits of the Na+, K+- ATPase (NKA) enzyme, monovalent ion transporters for Na+, Cl–, and K+ (NKCC1, NKCC2, CLC-K, NCC, ROMK2), water transport pathways [aquaporins (AQP), claudins (CLDN)], and divalent ion transporters for SO42–, Mg2+, and Ca2+ (SLC26A6, SLC26A1, SLC13A1, SLC41A1, CNNM2, CNNM3, NCX1, NCX2, PMCA). For each transport category, we address the current understanding at the molecular level, try to synthesize it with classical knowledge of overall renal function, and highlight knowledge gaps. Future research on the kidney of euryhaline fishes should focus on integrating changes in kidney reabsorption and secretion of ions with changes in transporter function at the cellular and molecular level (gene and protein verification) in different regions of the nephrons. An increased focus on the kidney individually and its functional integration with the other osmoregulatory organs (gills, skin and intestine) in maintaining overall homeostasis will have applied relevance for aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Takvam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,NORCE, Norwegian Research Centre, NORCE Environment, Bergen, Norway
| | - Chris M Wood
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Harald Kryvi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tom O Nilsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,NORCE, Norwegian Research Centre, NORCE Environment, Bergen, Norway
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Ojeda JL, Wong WP, Ip YK, Icardo JM. Renal Corpuscle of the African LungfishProtopterus dolloi: Structural and Histochemical Modifications During Aestivation. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2008; 291:1156-72. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.20729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Takahashi-Iwanaga H. Comparative anatomy of the podocyte: A scanning electron microscopic study. Microsc Res Tech 2002; 57:196-202. [PMID: 12012383 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.10073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The three-dimensional structure of the renal glomerular podocyte was comparatively analyzed with special reference to its cellular interdigitation. Kidneys of lampreys, carps, eels, xenopuses, bullfrogs, iguanas, rats, and rabbits were used as materials. Urinary and basal surfaces of podocytes were exposed by a conventional freeze-fracture method and by NaOH maceration, respectively, and subsequently examined by scanning electron microscopy. In accordance with previous reports, each podocyte consisted of a round cell body protruding into Bowman's space, four to six major processes embracing glomerular capillary, and numerous pedicels on both sides of the major processes. The podocyte pedicels exhibited uniform needle-like shapes, about 0.2 microm thick, interdigitated with those of adjoining cells along the entire length of the cell margins in all the animal species examined. This finding suggests that the fine pedicel interdigitation is a primary event in morphogenesis of the podocyte. The basal aspect of the glomerular epithelium was mosaicked with pedicels which were laid at various angles to the capillary axis, in favor of its possible role as a mechanical support of the capillary wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Takahashi-Iwanaga
- Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
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Cobb CS, Williamson R, Brown JA. Angiotensin II-induced calcium signalling in isolated glomeruli from fish kidney (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and effects of losartan. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1999; 113:312-21. [PMID: 10082634 DOI: 10.1006/gcen.1998.7209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glomeruli were isolated from the kidney of freshwater-adapted rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, to qualitatively evaluate changes in cellular calcium associated with angiotensin II ([Asn1Val5]-Ang II) receptor stimulation and antagonism by the Ang II receptor antagonist losartan. Microspectrofluorometry using the fluorescent calcium indicator dye Calcium Green recorded fluorescence changes in isolated single glomeruli. Isolated glomeruli containing ester-loaded Calcium Green showed an Ang-II-induced transient rise in fluorescence. This transient rise showed an increased peak amplitude with increased Ang II concentration (10(-9) to 10(-6) M), but only a very small response was detectable in glomeruli exposed to 10(-9) M Ang II. The biphenylimidazole compound losartan (=DuP 753), an antagonist of the mammalian AT1 subtype Ang II receptor, initiated a transient agonistic rise in glomerular fluorescence at high concentration (10(-5), 10(-4), and 10(-3) M). However, the responses to 10(-6) 10(-7) M losartan were small or very low in each case. Losartan (10(-4) or 10(-7) M) antagonised the Ang-II-induced signalling in isolated glomeruli exposed to 10(-7) or 10(-6) M Ang II, respectively. This is the first evidence for functional AT1-like Ang II receptors coupled to cellular calcium signalling in the glomeruli of rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Cobb
- The Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, United Kingdom
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Olson KR. 3 Blood and Extracellular Fluid Volume Regulation: Role of the Renin-Angiotensin System, Kallikrein-Kinin System, and Atrial Natriuretic Peptides. FISH PHYSIOLOGY 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s1546-5098(08)60010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Brown JA, Gray CJ, Hattersley G, Robinson J. Prostaglandins in the kidney, urinary bladder and gills of the rainbow trout and European eel adapted to fresh water and seawater. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1991; 84:328-35. [PMID: 1783277 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(91)90056-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandins in kidney, gills, and urinary bladder of freshwater-adapted and seawater-adapted rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (= Salmo gairdneri), and European eel, Anguilla anguilla, were determined by solid-phase extraction of tissue homogenates and high-pressure liquid chromatography. Prostaglandins E2, E1, F1 alpha, F2 alpha, and D2 and the more stable metabolite of prostacyclin, 6-keto F1 alpha, occurred in these osmoregulatory tissues. In gill filaments and kidneys of both eel and trout, prostaglandins D2 and 6-keto F1 alpha were major prostaglandins. Concentrations of these prostaglandins were significantly lower in the eel after seawater adaptation, but not in the trout. The urinary bladder of the trout contained the highest levels of prostaglandins; bladders of seawater-adapted trout contained prostaglandin D2 at 6.7 ng/mg wet tissue, the highest level of any prostaglandin determined in the present studies. Prostaglandin D2 was not detected in bladders of freshwater-adapted trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Brown
- Department of Biological Studies, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
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Lacy ER, Castellucci M, Reale E. The elasmobranch renal corpuscle: fine structure of Bowman's capsule and the glomerular capillary wall. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 1987; 218:294-305. [PMID: 3631544 DOI: 10.1002/ar.1092180311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The fine structure of the renal corpuscle of the marine elasmobranch fish, the little skate (Raja erinacea), and two species of dogfish sharks, the spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) and the smooth dogfish (Mustelus canis), was studied by light microscopy and by transmission (thin sections, freeze-fracture replicas) and scanning electron microscopy. Bowman's capsule was lined by ciliated cells, similar to those of the first part of the tubule, at the urinary pole and squamous cells in the zone between urinary and vascular poles. At the vascular pole the visceral epithelial cells had some closely apposed cuboidal cell bodies with a few processes inserted along the basement membrane, but foot processes were absent. These cuboidal cells were continuous with podocytes, which had primary, secondary and tertiary processes from which the pedicels arose. An inconsistently present slit membrane bridged the pedicels at varying distance from the urinary space. Small maculae and large fasciae occludentes joined the podocytes and/or their processes among which gap junctions were observed. In the skate kidney, the podocyte plasma membrane facing the basement membrane contained orthogonal arrays of particles. The epithelial basement membrane of the glomeruli in all elasmobranchs was consistently thick. The mesangial cells were numerous and partially enveloped in a basement membrane; their long processes almost completely circumscribed the capillary walls. The mesangial matrix was abundant and consisted of loosely arranged collagen fibrils, microfibrils and occasional anchoring fibrils. The endothelial cells had irregularly distributed fenestrations of various sizes and lay on their discontinuous basement membrane which was separate from that under the epithelial cells. The filtration apparatus resembles that of immature mammals and lower vertebrates.
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Brown JA, Bucknall RM. Antidiuretic and cardiovascular actions of prostaglandin E2 in the rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1986; 61:330-7. [PMID: 3456951 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(86)90210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The renal and cardiovascular actions of intravenous injection or infusion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) have been investigated in the anaesthetised rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. Amounts of 1-2500 ng PGE2/kg body wt had a potent vasodilatory action and caused rapid dose-related decreases in dorsal aortic blood pressure. Intravenous infusion of PGE2 was associated with a secondary tachycardia and vasoconstriction. Injection of PGE2 resulted in transient dose-related decreases of urine production. Infusion of PGE2 at 200 ng/min/kg rapidly decreased glomerular filtration rates by reducing the populations of filtering nephrons and later by increasing the renal tubular water reabsorption. The possible endocrine systems which may be involved in the renal responses to PGE2 are discussed.
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Edwards D, Hall TR, Brown JA. The characteristics and distribution of monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in different tissues of the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. C, COMPARATIVE PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 1986; 84:73-7. [PMID: 2873956 DOI: 10.1016/0742-8413(86)90167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was determined fluorometrically in brain, intestine, kidney and liver tissues of the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. MAO activity was inhibited by various drugs in a concentration-related manner, with single sigmoid inhibition curves, the inhibitors of type A MAO, harmaline and clorgyline being more effective than deprenyl, an inhibitor of type B MAO. Intestine exhibited greatest MAO activity followed by liver and brain with kidney showing least activity. The Michaelis constants (Km) also showed variability between tissues. Inhibition of MAO by harmaline was non-competitive and dependent on the concentration of substrate present.
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Brown JA. Renal microvasculature of the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri: scanning electron microscopy of corrosion casts of glomeruli. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 1985; 213:505-13. [PMID: 4083531 DOI: 10.1002/ar.1092130405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Scanning electron microscopy of corrosion casts of blood vessels permits detailed and accurate study of the microcirculation. The present study examined the renal microvasculature of the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. The conventional picture of a glomerulus with one afferent arteriole was common, but glomeruli were often supplied by two afferent arterioles. In the majority of these, the intrarenal artery gave rise to a single afferent arteriole that branched to form two smaller vessels before reaching the glomerulus. Glomeruli with two afferent arterioles that arose independently from the intrarenal artery also occurred. The majority of glomeruli had a single efferent arteriole, but a proportion of glomeruli had two efferent arterioles. Efferent arterioles were smaller in diameter than the afferent arterioles. The glomerular capillaries were arranged in lobules, with few anastomoses between lobules, so that, for glomeruli with two afferent or two efferent arterioles, vascular perfusion and thus filtration within discrete lobules is probable.
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Abstract
The renal and cardiovascular effects of an intravenous infusion of angiotensin II in the freshwater anaesthetised rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, have been reappraised, without the infusion of noradrenaline. In these fish the previously reported antidiuretic response to angiotensin II was not maintained although a systemic pressor response persisted and the tubular transport maximum for glucose remained depressed. The data suggest that angiotensin has an intrarenal action which may play a role in renal adaptation to increased environmental salinities.
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Tsujii T, Naito I, Ukita S, Ono T, Seno S. The anionic barrier system on the mesonephric renal glomerulus of the brown hagfish, Paramyxine atami Dean (Cylostomi). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 1984; 208:337-47. [PMID: 6721229 DOI: 10.1002/ar.1092080304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of anionic groups of acid mucopolysaccharides on the surface of glomerular constituents of a brown hagfish, Paramyxine atami Dean, has been studied morphologically. The ionized anionic groups of acid mucopolysaccharides were labeled on fixed tissues by staining with cationic cacodylate iron colloid (Fe-Cac) at pH 4.0. The glomerular permeability to cationic and anionic macromolecules was observed morphologically in the kidney of the animal injected with native anionic ferritin (NF) or cationized ferritin (CF) into the dorsal aorta. Histochemical staining of tissues with Fe-Cac (pH 4.0) revealed the ionized anionic groups of acid mucopolysaccharides on both luminal and abluminal surfaces of endothelial cells, within the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), and on the visceral epithelial cell surface facing the urinary space. The CF molecules introduced into the dorsal aorta easily passed through the fenestrae of the capillary endothelial cell layer and the thick fibrillar GBM, reaching the urinary space to be adsorbed to the visceral epithelial cell surface or taken up by these visceral epithelial cells. On the other hand, NF hardly passed through the capillary wall. These results show that the nonosmoregulating mesonephric glomerulus of the brown hagfish has a working anionic barrier system. The function of its glomerulus is compared to that of the mammalian metanephric glomerulus.
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