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Martin-Folgar R, González-Caballero MC, Torres-Ruiz M, Cañas-Portilla AI, de Alba González M, Liste I, Morales M. Molecular effects of polystyrene nanoplastics on human neural stem cells. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295816. [PMID: 38170698 PMCID: PMC10763972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPs) have been found in many ecological environments (aquatic, terrestrial, air). Currently, there is great concern about the exposition and impact on animal health, including humans, because of the effects of ingestion and accumulation of these nanomaterials (NMs) in aquatic organisms and their incorporation into the food chain. NPs´ mechanisms of action on humans are currently unknown. In this study, we evaluated the altered molecular mechanisms on human neural stem cell line (hNS1) after 4 days of exposure to 30 nm polystyrene (PS) NPs (0.5, 2.5 and 10 μg/mL). Our results showed that NPs can induce oxidative stress, cellular stress, DNA damage, alterations in inflammatory response, and apoptosis, which could lead to tissue damage and neurodevelopmental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Martin-Folgar
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Física Matemática y de Fluidos, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED. Urbanización Monte Rozas, Las Rozas (Madrid), Spain
| | - Mª Carmen González-Caballero
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - Mónica Torres-Ruiz
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - Ana I. Cañas-Portilla
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - Mercedes de Alba González
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - Isabel Liste
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - Mónica Morales
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Física Matemática y de Fluidos, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED. Urbanización Monte Rozas, Las Rozas (Madrid), Spain
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2
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Muñoz-Castro C, Serrano-Pozo A. Astrocyte-Neuron Interactions in Alzheimer's Disease. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 39:345-382. [PMID: 39190082 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-64839-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Besides its two defining misfolded proteinopathies-Aβ plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles-Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an exemplar of a neurodegenerative disease with prominent reactive astrogliosis, defined as the set of morphological, molecular, and functional changes that astrocytes suffer as the result of a toxic exposure. Reactive astrocytes can be observed in the vicinity of plaques and tangles, and the relationship between astrocytes and these AD neuropathological lesions is bidirectional so that each AD neuropathological hallmark causes specific changes in astrocytes, and astrocytes modulate the severity of each neuropathological feature in a specific manner. Here, we will review both how astrocytes change as a result of their chronic exposure to AD neuropathology and how those astrocytic changes impact each AD neuropathological feature. We will emphasize the repercussions that AD-associated reactive astrogliosis has for the astrocyte-neuron interaction and highlight areas of uncertainty and priorities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Muñoz-Castro
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Alberto Serrano-Pozo
- Massachusetts General Hospital Neurology Department, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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3
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Xu J, Farsad HL, Hou Y, Barclay K, Lopez BA, Yamada S, Saliu IO, Shi Y, Knight WC, Bateman RJ, Benzinger TLS, Yi JJ, Li Q, Wang T, Perlmutter JS, Morris JC, Zhao G. Human striatal glia differentially contribute to AD- and PD-specific neurodegeneration. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:346-365. [PMID: 36993867 PMCID: PMC10046522 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00363-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The commonalities and differences in cell-type-specific pathways that lead to Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD) remain unknown. Here, we performed a single-nucleus transcriptome comparison of control, AD and PD striata. We describe three astrocyte subpopulations shared across different brain regions and evolutionarily conserved between humans and mice. We reveal common features between AD and PD astrocytes and regional differences that contribute toward amyloid pathology and neurodegeneration. In contrast, we found that transcriptomic changes in microglia are largely unique to each disorder. Our analysis identified a population of activated microglia that shared molecular signatures with murine disease-associated microglia (DAM) as well as disease-associated and regional differences in microglia transcriptomic changes linking microglia to disease-specific amyloid pathology, tauopathy and neuronal death. Finally, we delineate undescribed subpopulations of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the striatum and provide neuronal transcriptomic profiles suggesting disease-specific changes and selective neuronal vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbin Xu
- The Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Huifangjie L. Farsad
- The Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yiran Hou
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Present address: Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kia Barclay
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ben Anthony Lopez
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- MD-PhD in Molecular Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Shinnosuke Yamada
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Yiming Shi
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - William C. Knight
- The Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Randall J. Bateman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tammie L. S. Benzinger
- The Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jason J. Yi
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Qingyun Li
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joel S. Perlmutter
- The Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John C. Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Guoyan Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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4
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Upadhyay AK, Mueller NH, Petrash JM, Kompella UB. Nano-assemblies enhance chaperone activity, stability, and delivery of alpha B-crystallin-D3 (αB-D3). J Control Release 2022; 352:411-421. [PMID: 36272662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Crystallins, small heat shock chaperone proteins that prevent protein aggregation, are of potential value in treating protein aggregation disorders. However, their therapeutic use is limited by their low potency and poor intracellular delivery. One approach to facilitate the development of crystallins is to improve their activity, stability, and delivery. In this study, zinc addition to αB-crystallin-D3 (αB-D3) formed supramolecular nano- and micro- assemblies, induced dose-dependent changes in structure (beta-sheet to alpha-helix) and increased surface hydrophobicity and chemical stability. Further, crystallin assemblies exhibited a size-dependent chaperone activity, with the nano-assemblies being superior to micro-assemblies and 4.3-fold more effective than the native protein in preventing β-mercaptoethanol induced aggregation of insulin. Insulin rescued by crystallin assemblies retained the activity as evidenced by glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 cells. The most active nano-assemblies enhanced protein stability, in the presence of urea, by 1.6-fold, whereas intracellular delivery was enhanced by 3.0-fold. The αB-D3 crystallin nano-assemblies exhibit uniquely enhanced stability, activity, and delivery compared to the native protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Upadhyay
- Nanomedicine and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Niklaus H Mueller
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - J Mark Petrash
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Uday B Kompella
- Nanomedicine and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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5
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Kaku H, Balaj AR, Rothstein TL. Small Heat Shock Proteins Collaborate with FAIM to Prevent Accumulation of Misfolded Protein Aggregates. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11841. [PMID: 36233145 PMCID: PMC9570119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells and tissues are continuously subject to environmental insults, such as heat shock and oxidative stress, which cause the accumulation of cytotoxic, aggregated proteins. We previously found that Fas Apoptosis Inhibitory Molecule (FAIM) protects cells from stress-induced cell death by preventing abnormal generation of protein aggregates similar to the effect of small heat shock proteins (HSPs). Protein aggregates are often associated with neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we sought to determine how FAIM protein dynamics change during cellular stress and how FAIM prevents the formation of amyloid-β aggregates/fibrils, one of the pathological hallmarks of AD. Here, we found that the majority of FAIM protein shifts to the detergent-insoluble fraction in response to cellular stress. A similar shift to the insoluble fraction was also observed in small heat shock protein (sHSP) family molecules, such as HSP27, after stress. We further demonstrate that FAIM is recruited to sHSP-containing complexes after cellular stress induction. These data suggest that FAIM might prevent protein aggregation in concert with sHSPs. In fact, we observed the additional effect of FAIM and HSP27 on the prevention of protein aggregates using an in vitro amyloid-β aggregation model system. Our work provides new insights into the interrelationships among FAIM, sHSPs, and amyloid-β aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kaku
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | - Allison R Balaj
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | - Thomas L Rothstein
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
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6
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Xu Z, Gong Y, Zou Y, Wan J, Tang J, Zhan C, Wei G, Zhang Q. Dissecting the Inhibitory Mechanism of the αB-Crystallin Domain against Aβ 42 Aggregation and Its Effect on Aβ 42 Protofibrils: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2842-2851. [PMID: 36153964 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is related to the misfolding and aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) protein, and its major pathological hallmark is fibrillary β-amyloid plaques. Impeding the formation of Aβ β-structure-rich aggregates and dissociating Aβ fibrils are considered potent strategies to suppress the onset and progression of AD. As a molecular chaperone, human αB-crystallin has received extensive attention in the inhibition of protein aggregation. Previous experiments reported that the structured core region of αB-crystallin (αBC) exhibits a better preventive effect on Aβ aggregation and toxicity than the full-length protein. However, the molecular mechanism behind the effect of inhibition remains mostly unknown. Herein, we carried out six 500 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the inhibitory mechanism of αBC on Aβ42 aggregation. Our simulations show that αBC greatly impedes the formation of β-structure contents. We find that the binding of αBC to the Aβ42 monomer is driven by polar, hydrophobic, and H-bonding interactions. To explore whether αBC could destabilize Aβ42 protofibrils, we also carried out MD simulations of Aβ42 protofibrils with and without αBC. The results show that αBC interacts with three binding sites of the Aβ42 protofibril, and the binding is mainly driven by polar and H-bonding interactions. The binding of αBC at these three sites has a preferred dissociation effect on the β-structure content, kink angle, and K28-A42 salt bridges. Overall, this study not only discloses the molecular mechanism of αBC against Aβ42 aggregation but also demonstrates the disruption effects of αBC on Aβ42 protofibrils, which yields an avenue for designing anti-AD drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengdong Xu
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Chang Hai Road, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Yehong Gong
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Chang Hai Road, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China.,School of Sports Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zou
- Department Sport and Exercise Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmenshan Road, Hangzhou 310007, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqian Wan
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Chang Hai Road, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxing Tang
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Chang Hai Road, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Chendi Zhan
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghong Wei
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Chang Hai Road, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
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7
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Moncaster JA, Moir RD, Burton MA, Chadwick O, Minaeva O, Alvarez VE, Ericsson M, Clark JI, McKee AC, Tanzi RE, Goldstein LE. Alzheimer's disease amyloid-β pathology in the lens of the eye. Exp Eye Res 2022; 221:108974. [PMID: 35202705 PMCID: PMC9873124 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.108974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) include pathogenic accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and age-dependent formation of amyloid plaques in the brain. AD-associated Aβ neuropathology begins decades before onset of cognitive symptoms and slowly progresses over the course of the disease. We previously reported discovery of Aβ deposition, β-amyloidopathy, and co-localizing supranuclear cataracts (SNC) in lenses from people with AD, but not other neurodegenerative disorders or normal aging. We confirmed AD-associated Aβ molecular pathology in the lens by immunohistopathology, amyloid histochemistry, immunoblot analysis, epitope mapping, immunogold electron microscopy, quantitative immunoassays, and tryptic digest mass spectrometry peptide sequencing. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that AD-associated Aβ deposits in AD lenses localize as electron-dense microaggregates in the cytoplasm of supranuclear (deep cortex) fiber cells. These Aβ microaggregates also contain αB-crystallin and scatter light, thus linking Aβ pathology and SNC phenotype expression in the lenses of people with AD. Subsequent research identified Aβ lens pathology as the molecular origin of the distinctive cataracts associated with Down syndrome (DS, trisomy 21), a chromosomal disorder invariantly associated with early-onset Aβ accumulation and Aβ amyloidopathy in the brain. Investigation of 1249 participants in the Framingham Eye Study found that AD-associated quantitative traits in brain and lens are co-heritable. Moreover, AD-associated lens traits preceded MRI brain traits and cognitive deficits by a decade or more and predicted future AD. A genome-wide association study of bivariate outcomes in the same subjects identified a new AD risk factor locus in the CTNND2 gene encoding δ-catenin, a protein that modulates Aβ production in brain and lens. Here we report identification of AD-related human Aβ (hAβ) lens pathology and age-dependent SNC phenotype expression in the Tg2576 transgenic mouse model of AD. Tg2576 mice express Swedish mutant human amyloid precursor protein (APP-Swe), accumulate hAβ peptides and amyloid pathology in the brain, and exhibit cognitive deficits that slowly progress with increasing age. We found that Tg2576 trangenic (Tg+) mice, but not non-transgenic (Tg-) control mice, also express human APP, accumulate hAβ peptides, and develop hAβ molecular and ultrastructural pathologies in the lens. Tg2576 Tg+ mice exhibit age-dependent Aβ supranuclear lens opacification that recapitulates lens pathology and SNC phenotype expression in human AD. In addition, we detected hAβ in conditioned medium from lens explant cultures prepared from Tg+ mice, but not Tg- control mice, a finding consistent with constitutive hAβ generation in the lens. In vitro studies showed that hAβ promoted mouse lens protein aggregation detected by quasi-elastic light scattering (QLS) spectroscopy. These results support mechanistic (genotype-phenotype) linkage between Aβ pathology and AD-related phenotypes in lens and brain. Collectively, our findings identify Aβ pathology as the shared molecular etiology of two age-dependent AD-related cataracts associated with two human diseases (AD, DS) and homologous murine cataracts in the Tg2576 transgenic mouse model of AD. These results represent the first evidence of AD-related Aβ pathology outside the brain and point to lens Aβ as an optically-accessible AD biomarker for early detection and longitudinal monitoring of this devastating neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet A. Moncaster
- Molecular Aging and Development Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA,Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, B-7800 Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Robert D. Moir
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Mark A. Burton
- Molecular Aging and Development Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Oliver Chadwick
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Olga Minaeva
- Molecular Aging and Development Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA,Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, B-7800 Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Victor E. Alvarez
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, B-7800 Boston, MA, 02118, USA,Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Bedford, MA, 01730, USA
| | - Maria Ericsson
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - John I. Clark
- Departments of Biological Structure and Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Ann C. McKee
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, B-7800 Boston, MA, 02118, USA,Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Bedford, MA, 01730, USA
| | - Rudolph E. Tanzi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Lee E. Goldstein
- Molecular Aging and Development Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA,Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, B-7800 Boston, MA, 02118, USA,Corresponding author. Molecular Aging & Development Laboratory, Boston University, School of Medicine, 670 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA. (L.E. Goldstein)
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8
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Liu H, Bell K, Herrmann A, Arnhold S, Mercieca K, Anders F, Nagel-Wolfrum K, Thanos S, Prokosch V. Crystallins Play a Crucial Role in Glaucoma and Promote Neuronal Cell Survival in an In Vitro Model Through Modulating Müller Cell Secretion. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:3. [PMID: 35816047 PMCID: PMC9284462 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.8.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to explore the roles of crystallins in the context of aging in glaucoma and potential mechanisms of neuroprotection in an experimental animal model of glaucoma. Methods Intraocular pressure (IOP) was significantly elevated for 8 weeks in animals at different ages (10 days, 12 weeks, and 44 weeks) by episcleral vein cauterization. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) were quantified by anti-Brn3a immunohistochemical staining (IHC). Proteomics using ESI-LTQ Orbitrap XL-MS was used to analyze the presence and abundance of crystallin isoforms the retinal samples, respectively. Neuroprotective property and localization of three selected crystallins CRYAB, CRYBB2, and CRYGB as most significantly changed in retina and retinal layers were determined by IHC. Their expressions and endocytic uptakes into Müller cells were analyzed by IHC and Western blotting. Müller cell secretion of neurotrophic factors into the supernatant following CRYAB, CRYBB2, and CRYGB supplementation in vitro was measured via microarray. Results IOP elevation resulted in significant RGC loss in all age groups (P < 0.001). The loss increased with aging. Proteomics analysis revealed in parallel a significant decrease of crystallin abundance – especially CRYAB, CRYBB2, and CRYGB. Significant neuroprotective effects of CRYAB, CRYBB2, and CRYGB after addition to retinal cultures were demonstrated (P < 0.001). Endocytic uptake of CRYAB, CRYBB2, and CRYGB was seen in Müller cells with subsequent increased secretion of various neurotrophic factors into the supernatant, including nerve growth factor, clusterin, and matrix metallopeptidase 9. Conclusions An age-dependent decrease in CRYAB, CRYBB2, and CRYGB abundance is found going along with increased RGC loss. Addition of CRYAB, CRYBB2, and CRYGB to culture protected RGCs in vitro. CRYAB, CRYBB2, and CRYGB were uptaken into Müller cells. Secretion of neurotrophic factors was increased as a potential mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanhan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Katharina Bell
- Singapore Eye Research Institute and Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Anja Herrmann
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Stefan Arnhold
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Karl Mercieca
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Fabian Anders
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kerstin Nagel-Wolfrum
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Solon Thanos
- Department of Ophthalmology, Experimental Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Verena Prokosch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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9
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Li K, Zhang S, Sun Y, Chen Y, Chen W, Ruan W, Liu Y. Antiamyloid β toxicity effect of genistein via activation of DAF‐16 and HSP‐16.2 signal pathways in
Caenorhabditis elegans. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23055. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Saiya Zhang
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Yiyang Sun
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Yusi Chen
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Wenbo Chen
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Weibin Ruan
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Yanqiang Liu
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences Nankai University Tianjin China
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10
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Gao H, He C, Hua R, Guo Y, Wang B, Liang C, Gao L, Shang H, Xu JD. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress of Gut Enterocyte and Intestinal Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:817392. [PMID: 35402506 PMCID: PMC8988245 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.817392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum, a vast reticular membranous network from the nuclear envelope to the plasma membrane responsible for the synthesis, maturation, and trafficking of a wide range of proteins, is considerably sensitive to changes in its luminal homeostasis. The loss of ER luminal homeostasis leads to abnormalities referred to as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Thus, the cell activates an adaptive response known as the unfolded protein response (UPR), a mechanism to stabilize ER homeostasis under severe environmental conditions. ER stress has recently been postulated as a disease research breakthrough due to its significant role in multiple vital cellular functions. This has caused numerous reports that ER stress-induced cell dysfunction has been implicated as an essential contributor to the occurrence and development of many diseases, resulting in them targeting the relief of ER stress. This review aims to outline the multiple molecular mechanisms of ER stress that can elucidate ER as an expansive, membrane-enclosed organelle playing a crucial role in numerous cellular functions with evident changes of several cells encountering ER stress. Alongside, we mainly focused on the therapeutic potential of ER stress inhibition in gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer. To conclude, we reviewed advanced research and highlighted future treatment strategies of ER stress-associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengwei He
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongxuan Hua
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuexin Guo
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Boya Wang
- Undergraduate Student of 2018 Eight Program of Clinical Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Shang
- Experimental Center for Morphological Research Platform, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Dong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jing-Dong Xu,
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11
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Viejo L, Noori A, Merrill E, Das S, Hyman BT, Serrano-Pozo A. Systematic review of human post-mortem immunohistochemical studies and bioinformatics analyses unveil the complexity of astrocyte reaction in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 48:e12753. [PMID: 34297416 PMCID: PMC8766893 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Reactive astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have traditionally been demonstrated by increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity; however, astrocyte reaction is a complex and heterogeneous phenomenon involving multiple astrocyte functions beyond cytoskeletal remodelling. To better understand astrocyte reaction in AD, we conducted a systematic review of astrocyte immunohistochemical studies in post-mortem AD brains followed by bioinformatics analyses on the extracted reactive astrocyte markers. METHODS NCBI PubMed, APA PsycInfo and WoS-SCIE databases were interrogated for original English research articles with the search terms 'Alzheimer's disease' AND 'astrocytes.' Bioinformatics analyses included protein-protein interaction network analysis, pathway enrichment, and transcription factor enrichment, as well as comparison with public human -omics datasets. RESULTS A total of 306 articles meeting eligibility criteria rendered 196 proteins, most of which were reported to be upregulated in AD vs control brains. Besides cytoskeletal remodelling (e.g., GFAP), bioinformatics analyses revealed a wide range of functional alterations including neuroinflammation (e.g., IL6, MAPK1/3/8 and TNF), oxidative stress and antioxidant defence (e.g., MT1A/2A, NFE2L2, NOS1/2/3, PRDX6 and SOD1/2), lipid metabolism (e.g., APOE, CLU and LRP1), proteostasis (e.g., cathepsins, CRYAB and HSPB1/2/6/8), extracellular matrix organisation (e.g., CD44, MMP1/3 and SERPINA3), and neurotransmission (e.g., CHRNA7, GABA, GLUL, GRM5, MAOB and SLC1A2), among others. CTCF and ESR1 emerged as potential transcription factors driving these changes. Comparison with published -omics datasets validated our results, demonstrating a significant overlap with reported transcriptomic and proteomic changes in AD brains and/or CSF. CONCLUSIONS Our systematic review of the neuropathological literature reveals the complexity of AD reactive astrogliosis. We have shared these findings as an online resource available at www.astrocyteatlas.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Viejo
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (MIND), Charlestown, MA, USA.,Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ayush Noori
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (MIND), Charlestown, MA, USA.,Harvard College, Cambridge, MA, USA.,MIND Data Science Lab, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Emily Merrill
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (MIND), Charlestown, MA, USA.,MIND Data Science Lab, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sudeshna Das
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (MIND), Charlestown, MA, USA.,MIND Data Science Lab, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (MIND), Charlestown, MA, USA.,Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alberto Serrano-Pozo
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (MIND), Charlestown, MA, USA.,Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Sadeh M, Rahat D, Meiner V, Fellig Y, Arad M, Schueler-Furman O, Hu Y, Li Y, Bönnemann CG, Lossos A. Multi-system neurological disorder associated with a CRYAB variant. Neurogenetics 2021; 22:117-125. [PMID: 33811585 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-021-00640-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a multiplex family with extended multisystem neurological phenotype associated with a CRYAB variant. Two affected siblings were evaluated with whole exome sequencing, muscle biopsy, laser microdissection, and mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis. Both patients and their mother manifested a combination of early-onset cataracts, cardiomyopathy, cerebellar ataxia, optic atrophy, cognitive impairment, and myopathy. Whole exome sequencing identified a heterozygous c.458C>T variant mapped to the C-terminal extension domain of the Alpha-crystallin B chain, disrupting its function as a molecular chaperone and its ability to suppress protein aggregation. In accordance with the molecular findings, muscle biopsies revealed subsarcolemmal deposits that appeared dark with H&E and trichrome staining were negative for the other routine histochemical staining and for amyloid with the Congo-red stain. Electron microscopy demonstrated that the deposits were composed of numerous parallel fibrils. Laser microdissection and mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis revealed that the inclusions are almost exclusively composed of crystallized chaperones/heat shock proteins. Moreover, a structural model suggests that Ser153 could be involved in monomer stabilization, dimer association, and possible binding of partner proteins. We propose that our report potentially expands the complex phenotypic spectrum of alpha B-crystallinopathies with possible effect of a CRYAB variant on the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menachem Sadeh
- Department of Neurology, Wolfson Medical Center and Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel.
| | - Dolev Rahat
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Biomedical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vardiella Meiner
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yakov Fellig
- Department of Pathology, Genetics, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael Arad
- Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ora Schueler-Furman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Biomedical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ying Hu
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Neurogenetics Branch, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yan Li
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Proteomics Core Facility, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Neurogenetics Branch, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexander Lossos
- Department of Neurology, Genetics, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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13
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Evangelisti A, Butler H, del Monte F. The Heart of the Alzheimer's: A Mindful View of Heart Disease. Front Physiol 2021; 11:625974. [PMID: 33584340 PMCID: PMC7873884 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.625974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose of Review: This review summarizes the current evidence for the involvement of proteotoxicity and protein quality control systems defects in diseases of the central nervous and cardiovascular systems. Specifically, it presents the commonalities between the pathophysiology of protein misfolding diseases in the heart and the brain. Recent Findings: The involvement of protein homeostasis dysfunction has been for long time investigated and accepted as one of the leading pathophysiological causes of neurodegenerative diseases. In cardiovascular diseases instead the mechanistic focus had been on the primary role of Ca2+ dishomeostasis, myofilament dysfunction as well as extracellular fibrosis, whereas no attention was given to misfolding of proteins as a pathogenetic mechanism. Instead, in the recent years, several contributions have shown protein aggregates in failing hearts similar to the ones found in the brain and increasing evidence have highlighted the crucial importance that proteotoxicity exerts via pre-amyloidogenic species in cardiovascular diseases as well as the prominent role of the cellular response to misfolded protein accumulation. As a result, proteotoxicity, unfolding protein response (UPR), and ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) have recently been investigated as potential key pathogenic pathways and therapeutic targets for heart disease. Summary: Overall, the current knowledge summarized in this review describes how the misfolding process in the brain parallels in the heart. Understanding the folding and unfolding mechanisms involved early through studies in the heart will provide new knowledge for neurodegenerative proteinopathies and may prepare the stage for targeted and personalized interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen Butler
- School of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Federica del Monte
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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14
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Klegeris A. Regulation of neuroimmune processes by damage- and resolution-associated molecular patterns. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:423-429. [PMID: 32985460 PMCID: PMC7996015 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.293134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterile inflammatory processes are essential for the maintenance of central nervous system homeostasis, but they also contribute to various neurological disorders, including neurotrauma, stroke, and demyelinating or neurodegenerative diseases. Immune mechanisms in the central nervous system and periphery are regulated by a diverse group of endogenous proteins, which can be broadly divided into the pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and anti-inflammatory resolution-associated molecular patterns (RAMPs), even though there is notable overlap between the DAMP- and RAMP-like activities for some of these molecules. Both groups of molecular patterns were initially described in peripheral immune processes and pathologies; however, it is now evident that at least some, if not all, of these immunomodulators also regulate neuroimmune processes and contribute to neuroinflammation in diverse central nervous system disorders. The review of recent literature demonstrates that studies on DAMPs and RAMPs of the central nervous system still lag behind the much broader research effort focused on their peripheral counterparts. Nevertheless, this review also reveals that over the last five years, significant advances have been made in our understanding of the neuroimmune functions of several well-established DAMPs, including high-mobility group box 1 protein and interleukin 33. Novel neuroimmune functions have been demonstrated for other DAMPs that previously were considered almost exclusively as peripheral immune regulators; they include mitochondrial transcription factor A and cytochrome C. RAMPs of the central nervous system are an emerging area of neuroimmunology with very high translational potential since some of these molecules have already been used in preclinical and clinical studies as candidate therapeutic agents for inflammatory conditions, such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. The therapeutic potential of DAMP antagonists and neutralizing antibodies in central nervous system neuroinflammatory diseases is also supported by several of the identified studies. It can be concluded that further studies of DAMPs and RAMPs of the central nervous system will continue to be an important and productive field of neuroimmunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andis Klegeris
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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15
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Bartelt-Kirbach B, Wiegreffe C, Birk S, Baur T, Moron M, Britsch S, Golenhofen N. HspB5/αB-crystallin phosphorylation at S45 and S59 is essential for protection of the dendritic tree of rat hippocampal neurons. J Neurochem 2020; 157:2055-2069. [PMID: 33220080 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rarefaction of the dendritic tree leading to neuronal dysfunction is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases and we have shown previously that heat shock protein B5 (HspB5)/αB-crystallin is able to increase dendritic complexity in vitro. The aim of this study was to investigate if this effect is also present in vivo, if HspB5 can counteract dendritic rarefaction under pathophysiological conditions and the impact of phosphorylation of HspB5 in this process. HspB5 and eight mutants inhibiting or mimicking phosphorylation at the three phosphorylation sites serine (S)19, S45, and S59 were over-expressed in cultured rat hippocampal neurons with subsequent investigation of the complexity of the dendritic tree. Sholl analysis revealed significant higher complexity of the dendritic tree after over-expression of wild-type HspB5 and the mutant HspB5-AEE. All other mutants showed no or minor effects. For in vivo investigation in utero electroporation of mouse embryos was applied. At embryonal day E15.5 the respective plasmids were injected, cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) pyramidal cells transfected by electroporation and their basal dendritic trees were analyzed at post-natal day P15. In vivo, HspB5 and HspB5-AEE led to an increase of total dendritic length as well as a higher complexity. Finally, the dendritic effect of HspB5 was investigated under a pathophysiological condition, that is, iron deficiency which reportedly results in dendritic rarefaction. HspB5 and HspB5-AEE but not the non-phosphorylatable mutant HspB5-AAA significantly counteracted the dendritic rarefaction. Thus, our data suggest that up-regulation and selective phosphorylation of HspB5 in neurodegenerative diseases may preserve dendritic morphology and counteract neuronal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christoph Wiegreffe
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Samuel Birk
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tina Baur
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Margarethe Moron
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan Britsch
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nikola Golenhofen
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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16
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Wenzel TJ, Kwong E, Bajwa E, Klegeris A. Resolution-Associated Molecular Patterns (RAMPs) as Endogenous Regulators of Glia Functions in Neuroinflammatory Disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 19:483-494. [DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666200702143719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glial cells, including microglia and astrocytes, facilitate the survival and health of all cells
within the Central Nervous System (CNS) by secreting a range of growth factors and contributing to
tissue and synaptic remodeling. Microglia and astrocytes can also secrete cytotoxins in response to
specific stimuli, such as exogenous Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs), or endogenous
Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs). Excessive cytotoxic secretions can induce the death
of neurons and contribute to the progression of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease
(AD). The transition between various activation states of glia, which include beneficial and detrimental
modes, is regulated by endogenous molecules that include DAMPs, cytokines, neurotransmitters,
and bioactive lipids, as well as a diverse group of mediators sometimes collectively referred to as
Resolution-Associated Molecular Patterns (RAMPs). RAMPs are released by damaged or dying CNS
cells into the extracellular space where they can induce signals in autocrine and paracrine fashions by
interacting with glial cell receptors. While the complete range of their effects on glia has not been described
yet, it is believed that their overall function is to inhibit adverse CNS inflammatory responses,
facilitate tissue remodeling and cellular debris removal. This article summarizes the available evidence
implicating the following RAMPs in CNS physiological processes and neurodegenerative diseases:
cardiolipin (CL), prothymosin α (ProTα), binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP), heat shock protein
(HSP) 10, HSP 27, and αB-crystallin. Studies on the molecular mechanisms engaged by RAMPs could
identify novel glial targets for development of therapeutic agents that effectively slow down neuroinflammatory
disorders including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. Wenzel
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Evan Kwong
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Ekta Bajwa
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Andis Klegeris
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada
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17
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Stepanenko OV, Sulatsky MI, Mikhailova EV, Stepanenko OV, Povarova OI, Kuznetsova IM, Turoverov KK, Sulatskaya AI. Alpha-B-Crystallin Effect on Mature Amyloid Fibrils: Different Degradation Mechanisms and Changes in Cytotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207659. [PMID: 33081200 PMCID: PMC7589196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the ability of molecular chaperones and chaperone-like proteins to inhibit the formation of pathological amyloid fibrils, the chaperone-based therapy of amyloidosis has recently been proposed. However, since these diseases are often diagnosed at the stages when a large amount of amyloids is already accumulated in the patient’s body, in this work we pay attention to the undeservedly poorly studied problem of chaperone and chaperone-like proteins’ effect on mature amyloid fibrils. We showed that a heat shock protein alpha-B-crystallin, which is capable of inhibiting fibrillogenesis and is found in large quantities as a part of amyloid plaques, can induce degradation of mature amyloids by two different mechanisms. Under physiological conditions, alpha-B-crystallin induces fluffing and unweaving of amyloid fibrils, which leads to a partial decrease in their structural ordering without lowering their stability and can increase their cytotoxicity. We found a higher correlation between the rate and effectiveness of amyloids degradation with the size of fibrils clusters rather than with amino acid sequence of amyloidogenic protein. Some external effects (such as an increase in medium acidity) can lead to a change in the mechanism of fibrils degradation induced by alpha-B-crystallin: amyloid fibers are fragmented without changing their secondary structure and properties. According to recent data, fibrils cutting can lead to the generation of seeds for new bona fide amyloid fibrils and accelerate the accumulation of amyloids, as well as enhance the ability of fibrils to disrupt membranes and to reduce cell viability. Our results emphasize the need to test the chaperone effect not only on fibrillogenesis, but also on the mature amyloid fibrils, including stress conditions, in order to avoid undesirable disease progression during chaperone-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Stepanenko
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.V.S.); (E.V.M.); (O.V.S.); (O.I.P.); (I.M.K.); (A.I.S.)
| | - M. I. Sulatsky
- Laboratory of Cell Morphology, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - E. V. Mikhailova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.V.S.); (E.V.M.); (O.V.S.); (O.I.P.); (I.M.K.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Olesya V. Stepanenko
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.V.S.); (E.V.M.); (O.V.S.); (O.I.P.); (I.M.K.); (A.I.S.)
| | - O. I. Povarova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.V.S.); (E.V.M.); (O.V.S.); (O.I.P.); (I.M.K.); (A.I.S.)
| | - I. M. Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.V.S.); (E.V.M.); (O.V.S.); (O.I.P.); (I.M.K.); (A.I.S.)
| | - K. K. Turoverov
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.V.S.); (E.V.M.); (O.V.S.); (O.I.P.); (I.M.K.); (A.I.S.)
- Peter the Great St.-Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-812-297-19-57
| | - A. I. Sulatskaya
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.V.S.); (E.V.M.); (O.V.S.); (O.I.P.); (I.M.K.); (A.I.S.)
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18
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Grosas AB, Rekas A, Mata JP, Thorn DC, Carver JA. The Aggregation of αB-Crystallin under Crowding Conditions Is Prevented by αA-Crystallin: Implications for α-Crystallin Stability and Lens Transparency. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:5593-5613. [PMID: 32827531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the most crowded biological environments is the eye lens which contains a high concentration of crystallin proteins. The molecular chaperones αB-crystallin (αBc) with its lens partner αA-crystallin (αAc) prevent deleterious crystallin aggregation and cataract formation. However, some forms of cataract are associated with structural alteration and dysfunction of αBc. While many studies have investigated the structure and function of αBc under dilute in vitro conditions, the effect of crowding on these aspects is not well understood despite its in vivo relevance. The structure and chaperone ability of αBc under conditions that mimic the crowded lens environment were investigated using the polysaccharide Ficoll 400 and bovine γ-crystallin as crowding agents and a variety of biophysical methods, principally contrast variation small-angle neutron scattering. Under crowding conditions, αBc unfolds, increases its size/oligomeric state, decreases its thermal stability and chaperone ability, and forms kinetically distinct amorphous and fibrillar aggregates. However, the presence of αAc stabilizes αBc against aggregation. These observations provide a rationale, at the molecular level, for the aggregation of αBc in the crowded lens, a process that exhibits structural and functional similarities to the aggregation of cataract-associated αBc mutants R120G and D109A under dilute conditions. Strategies that maintain or restore αBc stability, as αAc does, may provide therapeutic avenues for the treatment of cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan B Grosas
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Agata Rekas
- National Deuteration Facility, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Jitendra P Mata
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - David C Thorn
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - John A Carver
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
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19
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Abstract
In vivo, small heat-shock proteins (sHsps) are key players in maintaining a healthy proteome. αB-crystallin (αB-c) or HspB5 is one of the most widespread and populous of the ten human sHsps. Intracellularly, αB-c acts via its molecular chaperone action as the first line of defence in preventing target protein unfolding and aggregation under conditions of cellular stress. In this review, we explore how the structure of αB-c confers its function and interactions within its oligomeric self, with other sHsps, and with aggregation-prone target proteins. Firstly, the interaction between the two highly conserved regions of αB-c, the central α-crystallin domain and the C-terminal IXI motif and how this regulates αB-c chaperone activity are explored. Secondly, subunit exchange is rationalised as an integral structural and functional feature of αB-c. Thirdly, it is argued that monomeric αB-c may be its most chaperone-species active, but at the cost of increased hydrophobicity and instability. Fourthly, the reasons why hetero-oligomerisation of αB-c with other sHsps is important in regulating cellular proteostasis are examined. Finally, the interaction of αB-c with aggregation-prone, partially folded target proteins is discussed. Overall, this paper highlights the remarkably diverse capabilities of αB-c as a caretaker of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junna Hayashi
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - John A Carver
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.
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20
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Eye lens crystallin proteins inhibit the autocatalytic amyloid amplification nature of mature α-synuclein fibrils. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235198. [PMID: 32598365 PMCID: PMC7323979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson´s disease is characterized by the accumulation of proteinaceous aggregates in Lewy bodies and Lewy Neurites. The main component found in such aggregates is α-synuclein. Here, we investigate how bovine eye lens crystallin proteins influence the aggregation kinetics of α-synuclein at mildly acidic pH (5.5) where the underlying aggregation mechanism of this protein is dominated by secondary nucleation of monomers on fibril surface providing an autocatalytic amyloid amplification process. Bovine α-, βH- and γB-crystallins were found to display chaperone-like activity inhibiting α-synuclein aggregation. This effect was shown to be time-dependent, with early additions of α-crystallin capable of retarding and even inhibiting aggregation during the time frame of the experiment. The inhibitory nature of crystallins was further investigated using trap and seed kinetic experiments. We propose crystallins interact with mature α-synuclein fibrils, possibly binding along the surfaces and at fibril free ends, inhibiting both elongation and monomer-dependent secondary nucleation processes in a mechanism that may be generic to some chaperones that prevent the onset of protein misfolding related pathologies.
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21
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Vendredy L, Adriaenssens E, Timmerman V. Small heat shock proteins in neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:679-699. [PMID: 32323160 PMCID: PMC7332613 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01101-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins are ubiquitously expressed chaperones, yet mutations in some of them cause tissue-specific diseases. Here, we will discuss how small heat shock proteins give rise to neurodegenerative disorders themselves while we will also highlight how these proteins can fulfil protective functions in neurodegenerative disorders caused by protein aggregation. The first half of this paper will be focused on how mutations in HSPB1, HSPB3, and HSPB8 are linked to inherited peripheral neuropathies like Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease and distal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN). The second part of the paper will discuss how small heat shock proteins are linked to neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen Vendredy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute Born Bunge, Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Elias Adriaenssens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute Born Bunge, Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute Born Bunge, Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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22
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Selivanova OM, Galzitskaya OV. Structural and Functional Peculiarities of α-Crystallin. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9040085. [PMID: 32340218 PMCID: PMC7235859 DOI: 10.3390/biology9040085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
α-Crystallin is the major protein of the eye lens and a member of the family of small heat-shock proteins. Its concentration in the human eye lens is extremely high (about 450 mg/mL). Three-dimensional structure of native α-crystallin is unknown. First of all, this is the result of the highly heterogeneous nature of α-crystallin, which hampers obtaining it in a crystalline form. The modeling based on the electron microscopy (EM) analysis of α-crystallin preparations shows that the main population of the α-crystallin polydisperse complex is represented by oligomeric particles of rounded, slightly ellipsoidal shape with the diameter of about 13.5 nm. These complexes have molecular mass of about 700 kDa. In our opinion, the heterogeneity of the α-crystallin complex makes it impossible to obtain a reliable 3D model. In the literature, there is evidence of an enhanced chaperone function of α-crystallin during its dissociation into smaller components. This may indirectly indicate that the formation of heterogeneous complexes is probably necessary to preserve α-crystallin in a state inactive before stressful conditions. Then, not only the heterogeneity of the α-crystallin complex is an evolutionary adaptation that protects α-crystallin from crystallization but also the enhancement of the function of α-crystallin during its dissociation is also an evolutionary acquisition. An analysis of the literature on the study of α-crystallin in vitro led us to the assumption that, of the two α-crystallin isoforms (αA- and αB-crystallins), it is αA-crystallin that plays the role of a special chaperone for αB-crystallin. In addition, our data on X-ray diffraction analysis of α-crystallin at the sample concentration of about 170-190 mg/mL allowed us to assume that, at a high concentration, the eye lens α-crystallin can be in a gel-like stage. Finally, we conclude that, since all the accumulated data on structural-functional studies of α-crystallin were carried out under conditions far from native, they cannot adequately reflect the features of the functioning of α-crystallin in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga M. Selivanova
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia;
| | - Oxana V. Galzitskaya
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia;
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-903-675-0156
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23
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Lyon YA, Collier MP, Riggs DL, Degiacomi MT, Benesch JLP, Julian RR. Structural and functional consequences of age-related isomerization in α-crystallins. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:7546-7555. [PMID: 30804217 PMCID: PMC6514633 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.007052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-lived proteins are subject to spontaneous degradation and may accumulate a range of modifications over time, including subtle alterations such as side-chain isomerization. Recently, tandem MS has enabled identification and characterization of such peptide isomers, including those differing only in chirality. However, the structural and functional consequences of these perturbations remain largely unexplored. Here, we examined the impact of isomerization of aspartic acid or epimerization of serine at four sites mapping to crucial oligomeric interfaces in human αA- and αB-crystallin, the most abundant chaperone proteins in the eye lens. To characterize the effect of isomerization on quaternary assembly, we utilized synthetic peptide mimics, enzyme assays, molecular dynamics calculations, and native MS experiments. The oligomerization of recombinant forms of αA- and αB-crystallin that mimic isomerized residues deviated from native behavior in all cases. Isomerization also perturbs recognition of peptide substrates, either enhancing or inhibiting kinase activity. Specifically, epimerization of serine (αASer-162) dramatically weakened inter-subunit binding. Furthermore, phosphorylation of αBSer-59, known to play an important regulatory role in oligomerization, was severely inhibited by serine epimerization and altered by isomerization of nearby αBAsp-62. Similarly, isomerization of αBAsp-109 disrupted a vital salt bridge with αBArg-120, a contact that when broken has previously been shown to yield aberrant oligomerization and aggregation in several disease-associated variants. Our results illustrate how isomerization of amino acid residues, which may seem to be only a minor structural perturbation, can disrupt native structural interactions with profound consequences for protein assembly and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana A Lyon
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Miranda P Collier
- the Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom, and
| | - Dylan L Riggs
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Matteo T Degiacomi
- the Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Justin L P Benesch
- the Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom, and
| | - Ryan R Julian
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521,
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24
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Sub-Toxic Human Amylin Fragment Concentrations Promote the Survival and Proliferation of SH-SY5Y Cells via the Release of VEGF and HspB5 from Endothelial RBE4 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113659. [PMID: 30463298 PMCID: PMC6274958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human amylin is a 37-residue peptide hormone (hA1-37) secreted by β-cells of the pancreas and, along with insulin, is directly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Amyloid deposits within the islets of the pancreas represent a hallmark of T2DM. Additionally, amylin aggregates have been found in blood vessels and/or brain of patients with Alzheimer’s disease, alone or co-deposited with β-amyloid. The purpose of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective potential of human amylin in the context of endothelial-neuronal “cross-talk”. We initially performed dose-response experiments to examine cellular toxicity (quantified by the [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] MTT assay) of different hA17–29 concentrations in endothelial cells (RBE4). In the culture medium of these cells, we also measured heat shock protein B5 (HspB5) levels by ELISA, finding that even a sub-toxic concentration of hA17–29 (3 µM) produced an increase of HspB5. Using a cell medium of untreated and RBE4 challenged for 48 h with a sub-toxic concentration of hA17–29, we determined the potential beneficial effect of their addition to the medium of neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. These cells were subsequently incubated for 48 h with a toxic concentration of hA17–29 (20 µM). We found a complete inhibition of hA17–29 toxicity, potentially related to the presence in the conditioned medium not only of HspB5, but also of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Pre-treating SH-SY5Y cells with the anti-Flk1 antibody, blocking the VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), significantly decreased the protective effects of the conditioned RBE4 medium. These data, obtained by indirectly measuring VEGF activity, were strongly corroborated by the direct measurement of VEGF levels in conditioned RBE4 media as detected by ELISA. Altogether, these findings highlighted a novel role of sub-toxic concentrations of human amylin in promoting the secretion of proteic factors by endothelial cells (HspB5 and VEGF) that support the survival and proliferation of neuron-like cells.
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25
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Zayas-Santiago A, Ríos DS, Zueva LV, Inyushin MY. Localization of αA-Crystallin in Rat Retinal Müller Glial Cells and Photoreceptors. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2018; 24:545-552. [PMID: 30253817 PMCID: PMC6378655 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927618015118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Transparent cells in the vertebrate optical tract, such as lens fiber cells and corneal epithelium cells, have specialized proteins that somehow permit only a low level of light scattering in their cytoplasm. It has been shown that both cell types contain (1) beaded intermediate filaments as well as (2) α-crystallin globulins. It is known that genetic and chemical alterations to these specialized proteins induce cytoplasmic opaqueness and visual complications. Crystallins were described previously in the retinal Müller cells of frogs. In the present work, using immunocytochemistry, fluorescence confocal imaging, and immuno-electron microscopy, we found that αA-crystallins are present in the cytoplasm of retinal Müller cells and in the photoreceptors of rats. Given that Müller glial cells were recently described as "living light guides" as were photoreceptors previously, we suggest that αA-crystallins, as in other highly transparent cells, allow Müller cells and photoreceptors to minimize intraretinal scattering during retinal light transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Zayas-Santiago
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR 00960, USA
| | - David S. Ríos
- College of Science and Health Professions, Universidad Central de Bayamón, Bayamón, PR00960, USA
| | - Lidia V. Zueva
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail Y. Inyushin
- Department of Physiology, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR 00960, USA
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26
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Anders F, Mann C, Liu A, Teister J, Funke S, Thanos S, Grus F, Pfeiffer N, Prokosch V. Correlation of Crystallin Expression and RGC Susceptibility in Experimental Glaucoma Rats of Different Ages. Curr Eye Res 2018; 43:1267-1273. [PMID: 29979889 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2018.1485950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide with age being an important risk factor. However, the pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Aim of this study was to focus on age-dependent molecular changes in an experimental animal model of glaucoma. METHODS Intraocular pressure was elevated in Sprague-Dawley rats aged 3, 14, and 47 weeks for a period of 7 weeks by episcleral vein cauterization. Ganglion cell loss was monitored by an immunohistochemical staining of the Brain-specific homeobox/POU (Pit-1, Oct-2, Unc-86) domain protein 3A positive cells in retinal flat-mounts and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography measuring the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. Molecular protein alterations were analyzed using a comprehensive mass spectrometric proteomics approach of the retina and vitreous body. RESULTS While juvenile animals did not show a significant loss of retinal ganglion cells due to intraocular pressure elevation, adolescent animals showed a decrease up to 26% (p < 0.05). A shift of retinal crystallin protein expression levels within all protein-family subclasses (α, β, γ) could be observed in the youngest animal group (p < 0.05), while the upregulation of crystallin proteins in older animals was less striking. In addition, numerous crystallin proteins were also detected in the vitreous body. CONCLUSION These results provide insights of a potential correlation of age-related glaucomatous damage and the absence of crystallin proteins in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Anders
- a Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology , University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Carolina Mann
- a Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology , University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Aiwei Liu
- a Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology , University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Julia Teister
- a Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology , University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Sebastian Funke
- a Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology , University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Solon Thanos
- b Department of Experimental Ophthalmology, School of Medicine , University of Münster , Münster , Germany
| | - Franz Grus
- a Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology , University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- a Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology , University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Verena Prokosch
- a Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology , University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
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27
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Rübsam A, Parikh S, Fort PE. Role of Inflammation in Diabetic Retinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19040942. [PMID: 29565290 PMCID: PMC5979417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 458] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a common complication of diabetes and remains the leading cause of blindness among the working-age population. For decades, diabetic retinopathy was considered only a microvascular complication, but the retinal microvasculature is intimately associated with and governed by neurons and glia, which are affected even prior to clinically detectable vascular lesions. While progress has been made to improve the vascular alterations, there is still no treatment to counteract the early neuro-glial perturbations in diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia along with dyslipidemia, hypoinsulinemia and hypertension. Increasing evidence points to inflammation as one key player in diabetes-associated retinal perturbations, however, the exact underlying molecular mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Interlinked molecular pathways, such as oxidative stress, formation of advanced glycation end-products and increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor have received a lot of attention as they all contribute to the inflammatory response. In the current review, we focus on the involvement of inflammation in the pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy with special emphasis on the functional relationships between glial cells and neurons. Finally, we summarize recent advances using novel targets to inhibit inflammation in diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Rübsam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
| | - Sonia Parikh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
| | - Patrice E Fort
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
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28
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Zhu Z, Reiser G. The small heat shock proteins, especially HspB4 and HspB5 are promising protectants in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurochem Int 2018; 115:69-79. [PMID: 29425965 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) are a group of proteins with molecular mass between 12 and 43 kDa. Currently, 11 members of this family have been classified, namely HspB1 to HspB11. HspB1, HspB2, HspB5, HspB6, HspB7, and HspB8, which are expressed in brain have been observed to be related to the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, Alexander's disease, multiple sclerosis, and human immunodeficiency virus-associated dementia. Specifically, sHsps interact with misfolding and damaging protein aggregates, like Glial fibrillary acidic protein in AxD, β-amyloid peptides aggregates in Alzheimer's disease, Superoxide dismutase 1 in Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and cytosine-adenine-guanine/polyglutamine (CAG/PolyQ) in Huntington's disease, Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, Spinal-bulbar muscular atrophy, to reduce the toxicity or increase the clearance of these protein aggregates. The degree of HspB4 expression in brain is still debated. For neuroprotective mechanisms, sHsps attenuate mitochondrial dysfunctions, reduce accumulation of misfolded proteins, block oxidative/nitrosative stress, and minimize neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation, which are molecular mechanisms commonly accepted to mirror the progression and development of neurodegenerative diseases. The increasing incidence of the neurodegenerative diseases enhanced search for effective approaches to rescue neural tissue from degeneration with minimal side effects. sHsps have been found to exert neuroprotective functions. HspB5 has been emphasized to reduce the paralysis in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, providing a therapeutic basis for the disease. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the properties and the mechanisms of protection orchestrated by sHsps in the nervous system, highlighting the promising therapeutic role of sHsps in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Zhu
- Institut für Inflammation und Neurodegeneration (Neurobiochemie), Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; College of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Georg Reiser
- Institut für Inflammation und Neurodegeneration (Neurobiochemie), Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
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29
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Penke B, Bogár F, Crul T, Sántha M, Tóth ME, Vígh L. Heat Shock Proteins and Autophagy Pathways in Neuroprotection: from Molecular Bases to Pharmacological Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E325. [PMID: 29361800 PMCID: PMC5796267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and prion diseases are all characterized by the accumulation of protein aggregates (amyloids) into inclusions and/or plaques. The ubiquitous presence of amyloids in NDDs suggests the involvement of disturbed protein homeostasis (proteostasis) in the underlying pathomechanisms. This review summarizes specific mechanisms that maintain proteostasis, including molecular chaperons, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD), and different autophagic pathways (chaperon mediated-, micro-, and macro-autophagy). The role of heat shock proteins (Hsps) in cellular quality control and degradation of pathogenic proteins is reviewed. Finally, putative therapeutic strategies for efficient removal of cytotoxic proteins from neurons and design of new therapeutic targets against the progression of NDDs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botond Penke
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Dóm Square 8, Hungary.
| | - Ferenc Bogár
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Dóm Square 8, Hungary.
- MTA-SZTE Biomimetic Systems Research Group, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Dóm Square 8, Hungary.
| | - Tim Crul
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, Hungary.
| | - Miklós Sántha
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, Hungary.
| | - Melinda E Tóth
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, Hungary.
| | - László Vígh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, Hungary.
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30
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Brehme M, Voisine C. Model systems of protein-misfolding diseases reveal chaperone modifiers of proteotoxicity. Dis Model Mech 2017; 9:823-38. [PMID: 27491084 PMCID: PMC5007983 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.024703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chaperones and co-chaperones enable protein folding and degradation, safeguarding the proteome against proteotoxic stress. Chaperones display dynamic responses to exogenous and endogenous stressors and thus constitute a key component of the proteostasis network (PN), an intricately regulated network of quality control and repair pathways that cooperate to maintain cellular proteostasis. It has been hypothesized that aging leads to chronic stress on the proteome and that this could underlie many age-associated diseases such as neurodegeneration. Understanding the dynamics of chaperone function during aging and disease-related proteotoxic stress could reveal specific chaperone systems that fail to respond to protein misfolding. Through the use of suppressor and enhancer screens, key chaperones crucial for proteostasis maintenance have been identified in model organisms that express misfolded disease-related proteins. This review provides a literature-based analysis of these genetic studies and highlights prominent chaperone modifiers of proteotoxicity, which include the HSP70-HSP40 machine and small HSPs. Taken together, these studies in model systems can inform strategies for therapeutic regulation of chaperone functionality, to manage aging-related proteotoxic stress and to delay the onset of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Brehme
- Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Cindy Voisine
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL 60625, USA
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31
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Mirzaei M, Gupta VB, Chick JM, Greco TM, Wu Y, Chitranshi N, Wall RV, Hone E, Deng L, Dheer Y, Abbasi M, Rezaeian M, Braidy N, You Y, Salekdeh GH, Haynes PA, Molloy MP, Martins R, Cristea IM, Gygi SP, Graham SL, Gupta VK. Age-related neurodegenerative disease associated pathways identified in retinal and vitreous proteome from human glaucoma eyes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12685. [PMID: 28978942 PMCID: PMC5627288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12858-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a chronic disease that shares many similarities with other neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system. This study was designed to evaluate the association between glaucoma and other neurodegenerative disorders by investigating glaucoma-associated protein changes in the retina and vitreous humour. The multiplexed Tandem Mass Tag based proteomics (TMT-MS3) was carried out on retinal tissue and vitreous humour fluid collected from glaucoma patients and age-matched controls followed by functional pathway and protein network interaction analysis. About 5000 proteins were quantified from retinal tissue and vitreous fluid of glaucoma and control eyes. Of the differentially regulated proteins, 122 were found linked with pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Pathway analyses of differentially regulated proteins indicate defects in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation machinery. The classical complement pathway associated proteins were activated in the glaucoma samples suggesting an innate inflammatory response. The majority of common differentially regulated proteins in both tissues were members of functional protein networks associated brain changes in AD and other chronic degenerative conditions. Identification of previously reported and novel pathways in glaucoma that overlap with other CNS neurodegenerative disorders promises to provide renewed understanding of the aetiology and pathogenesis of age related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Mirzaei
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Veer B Gupta
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Joel M Chick
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Todd M Greco
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yunqi Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Roshana Vander Wall
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Eugene Hone
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Liting Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yogita Dheer
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mojdeh Abbasi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mahdie Rezaeian
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yuyi You
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Save Sight Institute, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paul A Haynes
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark P Molloy
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ralph Martins
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ileana M Cristea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stuart L Graham
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Save Sight Institute, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivek K Gupta
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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32
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Gleixner AM, Hutchison DF, Sannino S, Bhatia TN, Leak LC, Flaherty PT, Wipf P, Brodsky JL, Leak RK. N-Acetyl-l-Cysteine Protects Astrocytes against Proteotoxicity without Recourse to Glutathione. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 92:564-575. [PMID: 28830914 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.109926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) exhibits protective properties in brain injury models and has undergone a number of clinical trials. Most studies of NAC have focused on neurons. However, neuroprotection may be complemented by the protection of astrocytes because healthier astrocytes can better support the viability of neurons. Here, we show that NAC can protect astrocytes against protein misfolding stress (proteotoxicity), the hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders. Although NAC is thought to be a glutathione precursor, NAC protected primary astrocytes from the toxicity of the proteasome inhibitor MG132 without eliciting any increase in glutathione. Furthermore, glutathione depletion failed to attenuate the protective effects of NAC. MG132 elicited a robust increase in the folding chaperone heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), and NAC mitigated this effect. Nevertheless, three independent inhibitors of Hsp70 function ablated the protective effects of NAC, suggesting that NAC may help preserve Hsp70 chaperone activity and improve protein quality control without need for Hsp70 induction. Consistent with this view, NAC abolished an increase in ubiquitinated proteins in MG132-treated astrocytes. However, NAC did not affect the loss of proteasome activity in response to MG132, demonstrating that it boosted protein homeostasis and cell viability without directly interfering with the efficacy of this proteasome inhibitor. The thiol-containing molecules l-cysteine and d-cysteine both mimicked the protective effects of NAC, whereas the thiol-lacking molecule N-acetyl-S-methyl-l-cysteine failed to exert protection or blunt the rise in ubiquitinated proteins. Collectively, these findings suggest that the thiol group in NAC is required for its effects on glial viability and protein quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Gleixner
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.M.G., D.F.H., T.N.B., L.C.L., P.T.F., R.K.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences (S.S., J.L.B.) and Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W.)
| | - Daniel F Hutchison
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.M.G., D.F.H., T.N.B., L.C.L., P.T.F., R.K.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences (S.S., J.L.B.) and Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W.)
| | - Sara Sannino
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.M.G., D.F.H., T.N.B., L.C.L., P.T.F., R.K.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences (S.S., J.L.B.) and Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W.)
| | - Tarun N Bhatia
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.M.G., D.F.H., T.N.B., L.C.L., P.T.F., R.K.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences (S.S., J.L.B.) and Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W.)
| | - Lillian C Leak
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.M.G., D.F.H., T.N.B., L.C.L., P.T.F., R.K.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences (S.S., J.L.B.) and Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W.)
| | - Patrick T Flaherty
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.M.G., D.F.H., T.N.B., L.C.L., P.T.F., R.K.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences (S.S., J.L.B.) and Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W.)
| | - Peter Wipf
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.M.G., D.F.H., T.N.B., L.C.L., P.T.F., R.K.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences (S.S., J.L.B.) and Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W.)
| | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.M.G., D.F.H., T.N.B., L.C.L., P.T.F., R.K.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences (S.S., J.L.B.) and Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W.)
| | - Rehana K Leak
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.M.G., D.F.H., T.N.B., L.C.L., P.T.F., R.K.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences (S.S., J.L.B.) and Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W.)
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Keller CW, Schmidt J, Lünemann JD. Immune and myodegenerative pathomechanisms in inclusion body myositis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2017; 4:422-445. [PMID: 28589170 PMCID: PMC5454400 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inclusion Body Myositis (IBM) is a relatively common acquired inflammatory myopathy in patients above 50 years of age. Pathological hallmarks of IBM are intramyofiber protein inclusions and endomysial inflammation, indicating that both myodegenerative and inflammatory mechanisms contribute to its pathogenesis. Impaired protein degradation by the autophagic machinery, which regulates innate and adaptive immune responses, in skeletal muscle fibers has recently been identified as a potential key pathomechanism in IBM. Immunotherapies, which are successfully used for treating other inflammatory myopathies lack efficacy in IBM and so far no effective treatment is available. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanistic pathways underlying progressive muscle weakness and atrophy in IBM is crucial in identifying novel promising targets for therapeutic intervention. Here, we discuss recent insights into the pathomechanistic network of mutually dependent inflammatory and degenerative events during IBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian W. Keller
- Institute of Experimental ImmunologyLaboratory of NeuroinflammationUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Jens Schmidt
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Jan D. Lünemann
- Institute of Experimental ImmunologyLaboratory of NeuroinflammationUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital ZürichZürichSwitzerland
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Anders F, Teister J, Liu A, Funke S, Grus FH, Thanos S, von Pein HD, Pfeiffer N, Prokosch V. Intravitreal injection of β-crystallin B2 improves retinal ganglion cell survival in an experimental animal model of glaucoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175451. [PMID: 28384305 PMCID: PMC5383327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose of this study was to investigate firstly specific proteomic changes within the retina in the course of an animal glaucoma model and to identify secondly new approaches for neuroprotective, therapeutic options in glaucoma by addressing those specific changes. Intraocular pressure was elevated through cauterization of episcleral veins in adult Sprague Dawley rats. Molecular and morphological changes were surveyed using mass spectrometry, optical coherence tomography as well as immunohistochemical cross section- and flat mount stainings. By quantifying more than 1500 retinal proteins, it was found that the HspB5 protein and numerous beta-crystallins showed a uniform and unique shifting expression pattern as a result of different periods of elevated IOP exposure. Crystallins showed a significant downregulation (p<0.05) after 3 weeks of elevated IOP and an upregulation after 7 weeks. Counteracting those typical changes, an intravitreal injection of β-crystallin B2 at the time of IOP elevation was found to reduce retinal ganglion cell loss (p<0.05), decrease of the retinal nerve fiber layer (p<0.05) and impairment of the optic nerve. Ultimately, proteomic data revealed that β-crystallin B2 might influence calcium-depended cell signaling pathways with severe effect on apoptosis and gene regulation. In this context especially annexin A5, calcium-transporting ATPase 1 and various histone proteins seem to play a major role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Anders
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julia Teister
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Aiwei Liu
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Funke
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Franz H. Grus
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Solon Thanos
- Institute for Experimental Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Westfalian-Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Harald D. von Pein
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Verena Prokosch
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Bartelt-Kirbach B, Moron M, Glomb M, Beck CM, Weller MP, Golenhofen N. HspB5/αB-crystallin increases dendritic complexity and protects the dendritic arbor during heat shock in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:3761-75. [PMID: 27085702 PMCID: PMC11108385 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The small heat shock protein ΗspΒ5 (αB-crystallin) exhibits generally cytoprotective functions and possesses powerful neuroprotective capacity in the brain. However, little is known about the mode of action of ΗspΒ5 or other members of the HspB family particularly in neurons. To get clues of the neuronal function of HspBs, we overexpressed several HspBs in cultured rat hippocampal neurons and investigated their effect on neuronal morphology and stress resistance. Whereas axon length and synapse density were not affected by any HspB, dendritic complexity was enhanced by HspB5 and, to a lesser extent, by HspB6. Furthermore, we could show that this process was dependent on phosphorylation, since a non-phosphorylatable mutant of HspB5 did not show this effect. Rarefaction of the dendritic arbor is one hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases. To investigate if HspB5, which is upregulated at pathophysiological conditions, might be able to protect dendrites during such situations, we exposed HspB5 overexpressing neuronal cultures to heat shock. HspB5 prevented heat shock-induced rarefaction of dendrites. In conclusion, we identified regulation of dendritic complexity as a new function of HspB5 in hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Bartelt-Kirbach
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Margarethe Moron
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maximilian Glomb
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Clara-Maria Beck
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marie-Pascale Weller
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nikola Golenhofen
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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Gleixner AM, Posimo JM, Pant DB, Henderson MP, Leak RK. Astrocytes Surviving Severe Stress Can Still Protect Neighboring Neurons from Proteotoxic Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 53:4939-60. [PMID: 26374549 PMCID: PMC4792804 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9427-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are one of the major cell types to combat cellular stress and protect neighboring neurons from injury. In order to fulfill this important role, astrocytes must sense and respond to toxic stimuli, perhaps including stimuli that are severely stressful and kill some of the astrocytes. The present study demonstrates that primary astrocytes that managed to survive severe proteotoxic stress were protected against subsequent challenges. These findings suggest that the phenomenon of preconditioning or tolerance can be extended from mild to severe stress for this cell type. Astrocytic stress adaptation lasted at least 96 h, the longest interval tested. Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) was raised in stressed astrocytes, but inhibition of neither Hsp70 nor Hsp32 activity abolished their resistance against a second proteotoxic challenge. Only inhibition of glutathione synthesis abolished astrocytic stress adaptation, consistent with our previous report. Primary neurons were plated upon previously stressed astrocytes, and the cocultures were then exposed to another proteotoxic challenge. Severely stressed astrocytes were still able to protect neighboring neurons against this injury, and the protection was unexpectedly independent of glutathione synthesis. Stressed astrocytes were even able to protect neurons after simultaneous application of proteasome and Hsp70 inhibitors, which otherwise elicited synergistic, severe loss of neurons when applied together. Astrocyte-induced neuroprotection against proteotoxicity was not elicited with astrocyte-conditioned media, suggesting that physical cell-to-cell contacts may be essential. These findings suggest that astrocytes may adapt to severe stress so that they can continue to protect neighboring cell types from profound injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Gleixner
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mylan School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, 407 Mellon Hall, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - Jessica M Posimo
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mylan School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, 407 Mellon Hall, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - Deepti B Pant
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mylan School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, 407 Mellon Hall, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - Matthew P Henderson
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mylan School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, 407 Mellon Hall, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - Rehana K Leak
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mylan School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, 407 Mellon Hall, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA.
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Piri N, Kwong JMK, Gu L, Caprioli J. Heat shock proteins in the retina: Focus on HSP70 and alpha crystallins in ganglion cell survival. Prog Retin Eye Res 2016; 52:22-46. [PMID: 27017896 PMCID: PMC4842330 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) belong to a superfamily of stress proteins that are critical constituents of a complex defense mechanism that enhances cell survival under adverse environmental conditions. Cell protective roles of HSPs are related to their chaperone functions, antiapoptotic and antinecrotic effects. HSPs' anti-apoptotic and cytoprotective characteristics, their ability to protect cells from a variety of stressful stimuli, and the possibility of their pharmacological induction in cells under pathological stress make these proteins an attractive therapeutic target for various neurodegenerative diseases; these include Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, prion disease, and others. This review discusses the possible roles of HSPs, particularly HSP70 and small HSPs (alpha A and alpha B crystallins) in enhancing the survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in optic neuropathies such as glaucoma, which is characterized by progressive loss of vision caused by degeneration of RGCs and their axons in the optic nerve. Studies in animal models of RGC degeneration induced by ocular hypertension, optic nerve crush and axotomy show that upregulation of HSP70 expression by hyperthermia, zinc, geranyl-geranyl acetone, 17-AAG (a HSP90 inhibitor), or through transfection of retinal cells with AAV2-HSP70 effectively supports the survival of injured RGCs. RGCs survival was also stimulated by overexpression of alpha A and alpha B crystallins. These findings provide support for translating the HSP70- and alpha crystallin-based cell survival strategy into therapy to protect and rescue injured RGCs from degeneration associated with glaucomatous and other optic neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natik Piri
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Jacky M K Kwong
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lei Gu
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Joseph Caprioli
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Shiliaev NG, Selivanova OM, Galzitskaya OV. Search for conserved amino acid residues of the α-crystallin proteins of vertebrates. J Bioinform Comput Biol 2016; 14:1641004. [PMID: 26972563 DOI: 10.1142/s0219720016410043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
[Formula: see text]-crystallin is the major eye lens protein and a member of the small heat-shock protein (sHsp) family. [Formula: see text]-crystallins have been shown to support lens clarity by preventing the aggregation of lens proteins. We performed the bioinformatics analysis of [Formula: see text]-crystallin sequences from vertebrates to find conserved amino acid residues as the three-dimensional (3D) structure of [Formula: see text]-crystallin is not identified yet. We are the first who demonstrated that the N-terminal region is conservative along with the central domain for vertebrate organisms. We have found that there is correlation between the conserved and structured regions. Moreover, amyloidogenic regions also correspond to the structured regions. We analyzed the amino acid composition of [Formula: see text]-crystallin A and B chains. Analyzing the occurrence of each individual amino acid residue, we have found that such amino acid residues as leucine, serine, lysine, proline, phenylalanine, histidine, isoleucine, glutamic acid, and valine change their content simultaneously in A and B chains in different classes of vertebrates. Aromatic amino acids occur more often in [Formula: see text]-crystallins from vertebrates than on the average in proteins among 17 animal proteomes. We obtained that the identity between A and B chains in the mammalian group is 0.35, which is lower than the published 0.60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita G Shiliaev
- 1 Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya str., 4 Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - Olga M Selivanova
- 1 Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya str., 4 Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - Oxana V Galzitskaya
- 1 Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya str., 4 Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
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Liu RZ, Li S, Garcia E, Glubrecht DD, Poon HY, Easaw JC, Godbout R. Association between cytoplasmic CRABP2, altered retinoic acid signaling, and poor prognosis in glioblastoma. Glia 2016; 64:963-76. [PMID: 26893190 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA), a metabolite of vitamin A, is required for the regulation of growth and development. Aberrant expression of molecules involved in RA signaling has been reported in various cancer types including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 2 (CRABP2) has previously been shown to play a key role in the transport of RA to retinoic acid receptors (RARs) to activate their transcription regulatory activity. Here, we demonstrate that CRABP2 is predominantly located in the cytoplasm of GBM tumors. Cytoplasmic, but not nuclear, CRABP2 levels in GBM tumors are associated with poor patient survival. Treatment of malignant glioma cell lines with RA results in a dose-dependent increase in accumulation of CRABP2 in the cytoplasm. CRABP2 knockdown reduces proliferation rates of malignant glioma cells, and enhances RA-induced RAR activation. Levels of CRYAB, a small heat shock protein with anti-apoptotic activity, and GFAP, an astrocyte-specific intermediate filament protein, are greatly reduced in CRABP2-depleted cells. Restoration of CRYAB expression partially but significantly reversed the effect of CRABP2 depletion on RAR activation. Our combined in vivo and in vitro data indicate that: (i) CRABP2 is an important determinant of clinical outcome in GBM patients, and (ii) the mechanism of action of CRABP2 in GBM involves sequestration of RA in the cytoplasm and activation of an anti-apoptotic pathway, thereby enhancing proliferation and preventing RA-mediated cell death and differentiation. We propose that reducing CRABP2 levels may enhance the therapeutic index of RA in GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Zong Liu
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Garcia
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Darryl D Glubrecht
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Ho Yin Poon
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Jacob C Easaw
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N2, Canada
| | - Roseline Godbout
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1Z2, Canada
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Han SH, Park JC, Mook-Jung I. Amyloid β-interacting partners in Alzheimer's disease: From accomplices to possible therapeutic targets. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 137:17-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Antibodies against small heat-shock proteins in Alzheimer's disease as a part of natural human immune repertoire or activation of humoral response? J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2015; 123:455-61. [PMID: 26566902 PMCID: PMC4805726 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-015-1477-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of autoantibodies specific for some disease-related proteins, would allow to better assess their role as diagnostic and prognostic markers. In the light of increasing evidence for both humoral and cellular adaptive immune responses in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and data on the increased small heat-shock proteins (sHSP) expression in this disease, it seemed justified to assess humoral response against sHSP in AD patients. The aim of the study was to check whether AD has the ability to elicit immune response against small HSP, which could also serve as disease biomarkers. IgG and IgM autoantibodies against alpha B-crystallin and anti-HSP 60 IgG autoantibodies were assessed in 59 AD patients and 59 healthy subjects. Both IgM and IgG autoantibodies against alpha B-crystallin in AD patients were significantly higher compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found between AD patients and healthy subjects were found in anti-HSP60 IgG autoantibody titers (p = 0.29). Anti-HSP60 antibodies present in AD patients may indeed belong to natural human immune repertoire, and chronic neurodegenerative process does not have significant inducing effect on the systemic immunoreactivity against HSP60. Increased titers of IgM and IgG autoantibodies against alpha B-crystallin in AD patients may reflect activation of humoral immune response in the course of this chronic disease, probably secondary to its increased expression. Further prospective studies, on larger group of AD patients and measuring a change in antibodies titers with disease progression are necessary to assess the exact role of these antibodies in AD.
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Haslbeck M, Peschek J, Buchner J, Weinkauf S. Structure and function of α-crystallins: Traversing from in vitro to in vivo. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1860:149-66. [PMID: 26116912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The two α-crystallins (αA- and αB-crystallin) are major components of our eye lenses. Their key function there is to preserve lens transparency which is a challenging task as the protein turnover in the lens is low necessitating the stability and longevity of the constituent proteins. α-Crystallins are members of the small heat shock protein family. αB-crystallin is also expressed in other cell types. SCOPE OF THE REVIEW The review summarizes the current concepts on the polydisperse structure of the α-crystallin oligomer and its chaperone function with a focus on the inherent complexity and highlighting gaps between in vitro and in vivo studies. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Both α-crystallins protect proteins from irreversible aggregation in a promiscuous manner. In maintaining eye lens transparency, they reduce the formation of light scattering particles and balance the interactions between lens crystallins. Important for these functions is their structural dynamics and heterogeneity as well as the regulation of these processes which we are beginning to understand. However, currently, it still remains elusive to which extent the in vitro observed properties of α-crystallins reflect the highly crowded situation in the lens. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Since α-crystallins play an important role in preventing cataract in the eye lens and in the development of diverse diseases, understanding their mechanism and substrate spectra is of importance. To bridge the gap between the concepts established in vitro and the in vivo function of α-crystallins, the joining of forces between different scientific disciplines and the combination of diverse techniques in hybrid approaches are necessary. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Crystallin Biochemistry in Health and Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Haslbeck
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Jirka Peschek
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Buchner
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany.
| | - Sevil Weinkauf
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany.
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Biswas A, Karmakar S, Chowdhury A, Das KP. Interaction of α-crystallin with some small molecules and its effect on its structure and function. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1860:211-21. [PMID: 26073614 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND α-Crystallin acts like a molecular chaperone by interacting with its substrate proteins and thus prevents their aggregation. It also interacts with various kinds of small molecules that affect its structure and function. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this article we will present a review of work done with respect to the interaction of ATP, peptide generated from lens crystallin and other proteins and some bivalent metal ions with α-crystallin and discuss the role of these interactions on its structure and function and cataract formation. We will also discuss the interaction of some hydrophobic fluorescence probes and surface active agents with α-crystallin. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Small molecule interaction controls the structure and function of α-crystallin. ATP and Zn+2 stabilize its structure and enhance chaperone function. Therefore the depletion of these small molecules can be detrimental to maintenance of lens transparency. However, the accumulation of small peptides due to protease activity in the lens can also be harmful as the interaction of these peptides with α-crystallin and other crystallin proteins in the lens promotes aggregation and loss of lens transparency. The use of hydrophobic probe has led to a wealth of information regarding the location of substrate binding site and nature of chaperone-substrate interaction. Interaction of surface active agents with α-crystallin has helped us to understand the structural stability and oligomeric dissociation in α-crystallin. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These interactions are very helpful in understanding the mechanistic details of the structural changes and chaperone function of α-crystallin. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Crystallin Biochemistry in Health and Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Biswas
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, 93/1 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700 009, India.
| | - S Karmakar
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, 93/1 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700 009, India.
| | - A Chowdhury
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, 93/1 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700 009, India.
| | - K P Das
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, 93/1 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700 009, India.
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Crystallins and neuroinflammation: The glial side of the story. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1860:278-86. [PMID: 26049079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an abundance of evidence to support the association of damaging neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration across a multitude of diseases. One of the links between these pathological phenomena is the role of chaperone proteins as both neuroprotective and immune-regulatory agents. SCOPE OF REVIEW Chaperone proteins are highly expressed at sites of neuroinflammation both in glial cells and in the injured neurons that initiate the immune response. For this reason, the use of chaperones as treatment for various diseases associated with neuroinflammation is a highly active area of investigation. This review explores the various ways that the small heat shock protein chaperones, α-crystallins, can affect glial cell function with a specific focus on their implication in the inflammatory response associated with neurodegenerative disorders, and their potential as therapeutic treatment. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Although the mechanisms are still under investigation, a clear link has now been established between alpha-crystallins and neuroinflammation, especially through their roles in microglial and macroglial cells. Interestingly, similar to inflammation in itself, crystallins can have a beneficial or detrimental impact on the CNS based on the context and duration of the condition. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Overall this review points out the novel roles that chaperones such as alpha-crystallins can play outside of the classical protein folding pathways, and their potential in the development of new therapies for the treatment of neuroinflammatory/neurodegenerative diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Crystallin Biochemistry in Health and Disease.
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Chebotareva NA, Eronina TB, Sluchanko NN, Kurganov BI. Effect of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions on oligomeric state and chaperone-like activity of αB-crystallin in crowded media. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 76:86-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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46
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Fontaine SN, Sabbagh JJ, Baker J, Martinez-Licha CR, Darling A, Dickey CA. Cellular factors modulating the mechanism of tau protein aggregation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1863-79. [PMID: 25666877 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1839-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Pathological accumulation of the microtubule-associated protein tau, in the form of neurofibrillary tangles, is a major hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, the most prevalent neurodegenerative condition worldwide. In addition to Alzheimer's disease, a number of neurodegenerative diseases, called tauopathies, are characterized by the accumulation of aggregated tau in a variety of brain regions. While tau normally plays an important role in stabilizing the microtubule network of the cytoskeleton, its dissociation from microtubules and eventual aggregation into pathological deposits is an area of intense focus for therapeutic development. Here we discuss the known cellular factors that affect tau aggregation, from post-translational modifications to molecular chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Fontaine
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
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Treweek TM, Meehan S, Ecroyd H, Carver JA. Small heat-shock proteins: important players in regulating cellular proteostasis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:429-451. [PMID: 25352169 PMCID: PMC11113218 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1754-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Small heat-shock proteins (sHsps) are a diverse family of intra-cellular molecular chaperone proteins that play a critical role in mitigating and preventing protein aggregation under stress conditions such as elevated temperature, oxidation and infection. In doing so, they assist in the maintenance of protein homeostasis (proteostasis) thereby avoiding the deleterious effects that result from loss of protein function and/or protein aggregation. The chaperone properties of sHsps are therefore employed extensively in many tissues to prevent the development of diseases associated with protein aggregation. Significant progress has been made of late in understanding the structure and chaperone mechanism of sHsps. In this review, we discuss some of these advances, with a focus on mammalian sHsp hetero-oligomerisation, the mechanism by which sHsps act as molecular chaperones to prevent both amorphous and fibrillar protein aggregation, and the role of post-translational modifications in sHsp chaperone function, particularly in the context of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa M Treweek
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Sarah Meehan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - John A Carver
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.
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Bakthisaran R, Tangirala R, Rao CM. Small heat shock proteins: Role in cellular functions and pathology. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2014; 1854:291-319. [PMID: 25556000 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) are conserved across species and are important in stress tolerance. Many sHsps exhibit chaperone-like activity in preventing aggregation of target proteins, keeping them in a folding-competent state and refolding them by themselves or in concert with other ATP-dependent chaperones. Mutations in human sHsps result in myopathies, neuropathies and cataract. Their expression is modulated in diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and cancer. Their ability to bind Cu2+, and suppress generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may have implications in Cu2+-homeostasis and neurodegenerative diseases. Circulating αB-crystallin and Hsp27 in the plasma may exhibit immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory functions. αB-crystallin and Hsp20 exhitbit anti-platelet aggregation: these beneficial effects indicate their use as potential therapeutic agents. sHsps have roles in differentiation, proteasomal degradation, autophagy and development. sHsps exhibit a robust anti-apoptotic property, involving several stages of mitochondrial-mediated, extrinsic apoptotic as well as pro-survival pathways. Dynamic N- and C-termini and oligomeric assemblies of αB-crystallin and Hsp27 are important factors for their functions. We propose a "dynamic partitioning hypothesis" for the promiscuous interactions and pleotropic functions exhibited by sHsps. Stress tolerance and anti-apoptotic properties of sHsps have both beneficial and deleterious consequences in human health and diseases. Conditional and targeted modulation of their expression and/or activity could be used as strategies in treating several human disorders. The review attempts to provide a critical overview of sHsps and their divergent roles in cellular processes particularly in the context of human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Bakthisaran
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Ramakrishna Tangirala
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Ch Mohan Rao
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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Maternal immune activation and abnormal brain development across CNS disorders. Nat Rev Neurol 2014; 10:643-60. [PMID: 25311587 DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2014.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 602] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown a clear association between maternal infection and schizophrenia or autism in the progeny. Animal models have revealed maternal immune activation (mIA) to be a profound risk factor for neurochemical and behavioural abnormalities in the offspring. Microglial priming has been proposed as a major consequence of mIA, and represents a critical link in a causal chain that leads to the wide spectrum of neuronal dysfunctions and behavioural phenotypes observed in the juvenile, adult or aged offspring. Such diversity of phenotypic outcomes in the mIA model are mirrored by recent clinical evidence suggesting that infectious exposure during pregnancy is also associated with epilepsy and, to a lesser extent, cerebral palsy in children. Preclinical research also suggests that mIA might precipitate the development of Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. Here, we summarize and critically review the emerging evidence that mIA is a shared environmental risk factor across CNS disorders that varies as a function of interactions between genetic and additional environmental factors. We also review ongoing clinical trials targeting immune pathways affected by mIA that may play a part in disease manifestation. In addition, future directions and outstanding questions are discussed, including potential symptomatic, disease-modifying and preventive treatment strategies.
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50
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Leak RK. Heat shock proteins in neurodegenerative disorders and aging. J Cell Commun Signal 2014; 8:293-310. [PMID: 25208934 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-014-0243-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many members of the heat shock protein family act in unison to refold or degrade misfolded proteins. Some heat shock proteins also directly interfere with apoptosis. These homeostatic functions are especially important in proteinopathic neurodegenerative diseases, in which specific proteins misfold, aggregate, and kill cells through proteotoxic stress. Heat shock protein levels may be increased or decreased in these disorders, with the direction of the response depending on the individual heat shock protein, the disease, cell type, and brain region. Aging is also associated with an accrual of proteotoxic stress and modulates expression of several heat shock proteins. We speculate that the increase in some heat shock proteins in neurodegenerative conditions may be partly responsible for the slow progression of these disorders, whereas the increase in some heat shock proteins with aging may help delay senescence. The protective nature of many heat shock proteins in experimental models of neurodegeneration supports these hypotheses. Furthermore, some heat shock proteins appear to be expressed at higher levels in longer-lived species. However, increases in heat shock proteins may be insufficient to override overwhelming proteotoxic stress or reverse the course of these conditions, because the expression of several other heat shock proteins and endogenous defense systems is lowered. In this review we describe a number of stress-induced changes in heat shock proteins as a function of age and neurodegenerative pathology, with an emphasis on the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) family and the two most common proteinopathic disorders of the brain, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehana K Leak
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA,
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