1
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Biodegradation of cyanide using a Bacillus subtilis strain isolated from artisanal gold mining tailings. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s43153-022-00228-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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2
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Shen JD, Cai X, Liu ZQ, Zheng YG. Nitrilase: a promising biocatalyst in industrial applications for green chemistry. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 41:72-93. [PMID: 33045860 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1827367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitrilases are widely distributed in nature and are able to hydrolyze nitriles into their corresponding carboxylic acids and ammonia. In industry, nitrilases have been used as green biocatalysts for the production of high value-added products. To date, biocatalysts are considered to be important alternatives to chemical catalysts due to increasing environmental problems and resource scarcity. This review provides an overview of recent advances of nitrilases in aspects of distribution, enzyme screening, molecular structure and catalytic mechanism, protein engineering, and their potential applications in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Dong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xue Cai
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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3
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Olaya-Abril A, Pérez MD, Cabello P, Martignetti D, Sáez LP, Luque-Almagro VM, Moreno-Vivián C, Roldán MD. Role of the Dihydrodipicolinate Synthase DapA1 on Iron Homeostasis During Cyanide Assimilation by the Alkaliphilic Bacterium Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes CECT5344. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:28. [PMID: 32038602 PMCID: PMC6989483 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanide is a toxic compound widely used in mining and jewelry industries, as well as in the synthesis of many different chemicals. Cyanide toxicity derives from its high affinity for metals, which causes inhibition of relevant metalloenzymes. However, some cyanide-degrading microorganisms like the alkaliphilic bacterium Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes CECT5344 may detoxify hazardous industrial wastewaters that contain elevated cyanide and metal concentrations. Considering that iron availability is strongly reduced in the presence of cyanide, mechanisms for iron homeostasis should be required for cyanide biodegradation. Previous omic studies revealed that in the presence of a cyanide-containing jewelry residue the strain CECT5344 overproduced the dihydrodipicolinate synthase DapA1, a protein involved in lysine metabolism that also participates in the synthesis of dipicolinates, which are excellent metal chelators. In this work, a dapA1 - mutant of P. pseudoalcaligenes CECT5344 has been generated and characterized. This mutant showed reduced growth and cyanide consumption in media with the cyanide-containing wastewater. Intracellular levels of metals like iron, copper and zinc were increased in the dapA1 - mutant, especially in cells grown with the jewelry residue. In addition, a differential quantitative proteomic analysis by LC-MS/MS was carried out between the wild-type and the dapA1 - mutant strains in media with jewelry residue. The mutation in the dapA1 gene altered the expression of several proteins related to urea cycle and metabolism of arginine and other amino acids. Additionally, the dapA1 - mutant showed increased levels of the global nitrogen regulator PII and the glutamine synthetase. This proteomic study has also highlighted that the DapA1 protein is relevant for cyanide resistance, oxidative stress and iron homeostasis response, which is mediated by the ferric uptake regulator Fur. DapA1 is required to produce dipicolinates that could act as iron chelators, conferring protection against oxidative stress and allowing the regeneration of Fe-S centers to reactivate cyanide-damaged metalloproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Olaya-Abril
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Dolores Pérez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Purificación Cabello
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Edificio Celestino Mutis, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Diego Martignetti
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Lara Paloma Sáez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Conrado Moreno-Vivián
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Dolores Roldán
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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Anning C, Wang J, Chen P, Batmunkh I, Lyu X. Determination and detoxification of cyanide in gold mine tailings: A review. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2019; 37:1117-1126. [PMID: 31603399 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x19876691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cyanide is among the most toxic chemicals widely employed in the cyanidation process to leach precious minerals, such as gold and silver, by the minerals processing companies worldwide. This present article reviews the determination and detoxification of cyanide found in gold mine tailings. Most of the cyanide remains in the solution or the slurries after the cyanidation process. The cyanide species in the gold tailings are classified as free cyanide, weak acid dissociation, and metallocyanide complexes. Several methods, such as colorimetric, titrimetric, and electrochemical, have been developed to determine cyanide concentrations in gold mine effluents. Application of physical, natural, biological, and chemical methods to detoxify cyanide to a permissible limit (50 mg L-1) can be achieved when the chemical compositions of cyanide (type of species) present in the tailings are known. The levels of cyanide concentration determine the impact it will have on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmos Anning
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Junxiang Wang
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Ping Chen
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Idermunkh Batmunkh
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xianjun Lyu
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Dimitrova T, Repmann F, Freese D. Detoxification of ferrocyanide in asoil-plant system. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 77:54-64. [PMID: 30573106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The detoxification of iron cyanide in a soil-plant system was investigated to assess the total cyanide extracted from contaminated soil and allocated in the leaf tissue of willow trees (Salix caprea). They were grown in soil containing up to 1000 mg/kg dry weight (dw) of cyanide (CN), added as 15N-labeled potassium ferrocyanide and prepared with a new method for synthesis of labeled iron cyanides. CN content and 15N enrichment were monitored weekly over the exposure in leaf tissue of different age. The 15N enrichment in the young and old leaf tissue reached up to 15.197‰ and 9063‰, respectively; it increased significantly over the exposure and with increasing exposure concentrations (p < 0.05). Although the CN accumulation in the old leaf tissue was higher, compared to the young leaf tissue (p < 0.05), the 15N enrichment in the two tissue types did not differ statistically. This indicates a non-uniform CN accumulation but a uniform 15N allocation throughout the leaf mass. Significant differences were detected between the measured CN content and the C15N content, calculated from the 15N enrichment (p < 0.05), revealing a significant CN fraction within the leaf tissue, which could not be detected as ionic CN. The application of labeled iron CN clearly shows that CN is detoxified during uptake by the willows. However, these results do not exclude other detoxification pathways, not related to the trees. Still, they are strongly indicative of the central role the trees played in CN removal and detoxification under the experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetelina Dimitrova
- Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Konrad-Wachsmann-Allee 6, D-03046 Cottbus, Germany.
| | - Frank Repmann
- Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Konrad-Wachsmann-Allee 6, D-03046 Cottbus, Germany
| | - Dirk Freese
- Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Konrad-Wachsmann-Allee 6, D-03046 Cottbus, Germany
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Olaya-Abril A, Luque-Almagro VM, Pérez MD, López CM, Amil F, Cabello P, Sáez LP, Moreno-Vivián C, Roldán MD. Putative small RNAs controlling detoxification of industrial cyanide-containing wastewaters by Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes CECT5344. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212032. [PMID: 30735537 PMCID: PMC6368324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The alkaliphilic bacterium Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes CECT5344 uses free cyanide and several metal−cyanide complexes as the sole nitrogen source and tolerates high concentrations of metals like copper, zinc and iron, which are present in the jewelry wastewaters. To understand deeply the regulatory mechanisms involved in the transcriptional regulation of cyanide-containing wastewaters detoxification by P. pseudoalcaligenes CECT5344, RNA-Seq has been performed from cells cultured with a cyanide-containing jewelry wastewater, sodium cyanide or ammonium chloride as the sole nitrogen source. Small RNAs (sRNAs) that may have potential regulatory functions under cyanotrophic conditions were identified. In total 20 sRNAs were identified to be differentially expressed when compared the jewelry residue versus ammonium as nitrogen source, 16 of which could be amplified successfully by RT-PCR. As predicted targets of these 16 sRNAs were several components of the nit1C gene cluster encoding the nitrilase NitC essential for cyanide assimilation, the cioAB gene cluster that codes for the cyanide-insensitive cytochrome bd-type terminal oxidase, the medium length-polyhydroxyalkanoates (ml-PHAs) gene cluster, and gene clusters related with a global nitrogen limitation response like those coding for glutamine synthase and urease. Other targets were non-clustered genes (or their products) involved in metal resistance and iron acquisition, such as metal extrusion systems and the ferric uptake regulatory (Fur) protein, and a GntR-like regulatory family member probably involved in the regulation of the cyanide assimilation process in the strain CECT5344. Induction of genes targeted by sRNAs in the jewelry residue was demonstrated by qRT-PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Olaya-Abril
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Víctor Manuel Luque-Almagro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Dolores Pérez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Cristina María López
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Amil
- Servicio Central de Apoyo a la Investigación (SCAI), Unidad de Proteómica, Campus de Rabanales, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Purificación Cabello
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Edificio Celestino Mutis, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Lara Paloma Sáez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Conrado Moreno-Vivián
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Dolores Roldán
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- * E-mail:
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7
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Matino I, Colla V, Branca TA. Extension of pilot tests of cyanide elimination by ozone from blast furnace gas washing water through Aspen Plus® based model. Front Chem Sci Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-018-1771-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Ojaghi A, Shafaie Tonkaboni SZ, Shariati P, Doulati Ardejani F. Novel cyanide electro-biodegradation using Bacillus pumilus ATCC 7061 in aqueous solution. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2018; 16:99-108. [PMID: 30728983 PMCID: PMC6277327 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-018-0289-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electro-biodegradation is a novel technique for cyanide degradation in aqueous solutions. Many physical, chemical, and biological methods have been developed and used to treat cyanide degradation. The biological methods are more environmentally-friendly and economically cost-effective when compared to other techniques, however, the process reaction time period is much longer and the efficiency is lower. METHODS In this research, the bacterial strain, Bacillus pumilus ATCC 7061, was tested for the first time to introduce the Cyanide Electro-biodegradation technique. By using a direct current power supply, electrons were generated in an electro-biodegradation cell containing culture media at free cyanide concentrations of 100 to 500 mg/l, under alkaline conditions. RESULTS Experimental tests showed that when electrons were added and bacteria were inoculated into the aqueous media containing 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mg/l of free cyanide, the cyanide degradation efficiency increased from 16.2, 21.6, 29.5, 38.7 and 44.5% to 98.6, 99.3, 99.7, 99.8 and 99.7%, in 36, 72, 137, 233 and 301 h, respectively. The results show that by adding electrons, the process reaction time decreases and cyanide degradation efficiency increases significantly. CONCLUSIONS The results presented here demonstrate for the first time the importance and the significance of the electro-biodegradation technique in the efficient degradation and removal of cyanide present in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aghil Ojaghi
- School of Mining, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Parvin Shariati
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, Bioprocess Engineering Research Group, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
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Avellan A, Simonin M, McGivney E, Bossa N, Spielman-Sun E, Rocca JD, Bernhardt ES, Geitner NK, Unrine JM, Wiesner MR, Lowry GV. Gold nanoparticle biodissolution by a freshwater macrophyte and its associated microbiome. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 13:1072-1077. [PMID: 30104621 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-018-0231-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Predicting nanoparticle fate in aquatic environments requires mimicking of ecosystem complexity to observe the geochemical processes affecting their behaviour. Here, 12 nm Au nanoparticles were added weekly to large-scale freshwater wetland mesocosms. After six months, ~70% of Au was associated with the macrophyte Egeria densa, where, despite the thermodynamic stability of Au0 in water, the pristine Au0 nanoparticles were fully oxidized and complexed to cyanide, hydroxyls or thiol ligands. Extracted biofilms growing on E. densa leaves were shown to dissolve Au nanoparticles within days. The Au biodissolution rate was highest for the biofilm with the lowest prevalence of metal-resistant taxa but the highest ability to release cyanide, known to promote Au0 oxidation and complexation. Macrophytes and the associated microbiome thus form a biologically active system that can be a major sink for nanoparticle accumulation and transformations. Nanoparticle biotransformation in these compartments should not be ignored, even for nanoparticles commonly considered to be stable in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Avellan
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marie Simonin
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Eric McGivney
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nathan Bossa
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), Durham, NC, USA
- Civil & Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Eleanor Spielman-Sun
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Emily S Bernhardt
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nicholas K Geitner
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), Durham, NC, USA
- Civil & Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jason M Unrine
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Mark R Wiesner
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), Durham, NC, USA
- Civil & Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gregory V Lowry
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Wang T, Hu C, Zhang R, Sun A, Li D, Shi X. Mechanism study of cyfluthrin biodegradation by Photobacterium ganghwense with comparative metabolomics. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 103:473-488. [PMID: 30374672 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9458-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A high-efficiency pyrethroid-degrading bacterium, Photobacterium ganghwense strain 6046 (PGS6046), was first isolated from an offshore seawater environment. Metabolomics method was used to investigate the biotransformation pathway of PGS6046 to cyfluthrin wherein 156 metabolites were identified. The growth rates of the PGS6046 cultivated in nourishing media were much higher than those cultivated in seawater, regardless of the presence of cyfluthrin. Statistical analyses revealed that the metabolic profile of PGS6046 was associated with the culture medium, the presence of cyfluthrin, and culture time. The PGS6046 cultivated in a nourishing medium was characterized by higher levels of amino acids, a lower abundance of intermediates in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the presence of some fatty acids than those cultivated in seawater. The effects of cyfluthrin on PGS6046 metabolism varied based on the culture medium, whereas the cyanoalanine levels increased under both culture conditions. Culture time significantly affected the metabolism of amino acids and carbohydrates in PGS6046. The present study revealed the metabolic characteristics of PGS6046 under different culture conditions and will further facilitate the exploration of the fundamental questions regarding PGS6046 and its potential applications in environmental bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengzhou Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, 315211, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoyang Hu
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, 315211, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, 315211, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Aili Sun
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, 315211, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Dexiang Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, 315211, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Xizhi Shi
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, 315211, Ningbo, People's Republic of China.
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Baker A, Garner MC, Kimberley KW, Sims DB, Stordock JH, Taggart RP, Walton DJ. Cyanide Toxicity of Freshly Prepared Smoothies and Juices Frequently Consumed. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION & FOOD SAFETY 2018; 8:215-224. [PMID: 33313363 PMCID: PMC7731941 DOI: 10.9734/ejnfs/2018/44004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study was conducted to detect the presence of cyanide in popular fruit and vegetable smoothies and juices marketed as raw and natural. STUDY DESIGN Eleven (11) popular varieties of drinks were analyzed for total cyanide (TCN). Drinks contained raw vegetables and fruits, flax seeds, whole apples with seeds, raw almond milk, and pasteurized almond milk as ingredients. PLACE AND STUDY DURATION Samples were collected from health food eateries located within Las Vegas, Nevada (USA) during the summer of 2017. METHODOLOGY Fifty milliliters (mL) of a homogenized smoothie and juice drink and 1 gram of flax seeds were subjected to the above-referenced methods for sample preparation per USEPA Methods 9012B (digestion) followed by USEPA method 9014 (colorimetry). RESULTS The highest TCN was detected in drinks containing raw flax seed followed by unpasteurized raw almond milk, then fresh whole apple juice. No TCN was observed in drinks that contained none of the above mentioned items (e.g. flax seed, raw almond milk) or those utilizing pasteurized ingredients. CONCLUSION This study observed that TCN is present in smoothies and juices containing raw flax seeds, fresh whole apples, and/or unpasteurized almond milk. Concentrations were detected as high as 341 μg L-1 in commercially available smoothies containing vegetables, raw flax seeds, almond milk and fruits. Smoothies with vegetables, fruits, unpasteurized almond milk, and no flax seeds contained 41 ug L-1 TCN, while similar smoothies with pasteurized almond milk contained negligible to 9.6 ug L-1 CN-. Unpasteurized almond milk and raw flax seeds were the major sources of TCN in drinks. With the increased demand for raw and natural foods, there is a potential sublethal exposure of TCN by consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Baker
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - M. C. Garner
- Department of Physical Sciences, College of Southern Nevada, N. Las Vegas, NV 89030, USA
| | - K. W. Kimberley
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Southern Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89146, USA
| | - D. B. Sims
- Department of Physical Sciences, College of Southern Nevada, N. Las Vegas, NV 89030, USA
| | - J. H. Stordock
- Department of Physical Sciences, College of Southern Nevada, N. Las Vegas, NV 89030, USA
| | - R. P. Taggart
- Department of Physical Sciences, College of Southern Nevada, N. Las Vegas, NV 89030, USA
| | - D. J. Walton
- Department of Physical Sciences, College of Southern Nevada, N. Las Vegas, NV 89030, USA
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Oswald F, Zwick M, Omar O, Hotz EN, Neumann A. Growth and Product Formation of Clostridium ljungdahlii in Presence of Cyanide. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1213. [PMID: 29951043 PMCID: PMC6008375 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanide is a minor constituent of crude syngas whose content depends on the feedstock and gasification procedure. It is a known poison to metal catalysts and inhibits iron-containing enzymes like carbon monoxide dehydrogenase of acetogenic organisms. Therefore, it is considered a component that has to be removed from the gas stream prior to use in chemical synthesis or syngas fermentation. We show that the growth rate and maximum biomass concentration of Clostridium ljungdahlii are unaffected by cyanide at concentrations of up to 1.0 mM with fructose as a carbon source and up to 0.1 mM with syngas as a carbon source. After the culture is adapted to cyanide it shows no growth inhibition. While the difference in growth is an increasing lag-phase with increasing cyanide concentrations, the product spectrum shifts from 97% acetic acid and 3% ethanol at 0 mM cyanide to 20% acetic acid and 80% ethanol at 1.0 mM cyanide for cultures growing on (fructose) and 80% acetic acid and 20% ethanol at 0.1 mM cyanide (syngas).
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Oswald
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section II, Technical Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michaela Zwick
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section II, Technical Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ola Omar
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section II, Technical Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ernst N Hotz
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section II, Technical Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anke Neumann
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section II, Technical Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Cyanotrophic and arsenic oxidizing activities of Pseudomonas mendocina P6115 isolated from mine tailings containing high cyanide concentration. Arch Microbiol 2018; 200:1037-1048. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-018-1514-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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14
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Murugesan T, Durairaj N, Ramasamy M, Jayaraman K, Palaniswamy M, Jayaraman A. Analeptic agent from microbes upon cyanide degradation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 102:1557-1565. [PMID: 29285551 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8674-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Microbes being the initial form of life and ubiquitous in occurrence, they adapt to the environment quickly. The microbial metabolism undergoes alteration to ensure conducive environment either by degrading the toxic substances or producing toxins to protect themselves. The presence of cyanide waste triggers the cyanide degrading enzymes in the microbes which facilitate the microbes to utilize the cyanide for its growth. To enable the degradation of cyanide, the microbes also produce the necessary cofactors and enhancers catalyzing the degradation pathways. Pterin, a cofactor of the enzyme cyanide monooxygenase catalyzing the oxidation of cyanide, is considered to be a potentially bioactive compound. Besides that, the pterins also act as cofactor for the enzymes involved in neurotransmitter metabolism. The therapeutic values of pterin as neuromodulating agent validate the necessity to pursue the commercial production of pterin. Even though chemical synthesis is possible, the non-toxic methods of pterin production need to be given greater attention in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thandeeswaran Murugesan
- Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Nisshanthini Durairaj
- Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Mahendran Ramasamy
- Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Karunya Jayaraman
- Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Muthusamy Palaniswamy
- Department of Microbiology, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641021, India
| | - Angayarkanni Jayaraman
- Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India.
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Inglezakis VJ, Malamis S, Omirkhan A, Nauruzbayeva J, Makhtayeva Z, Seidakhmetov T, Kudarova A. Investigating the inhibitory effect of cyanide, phenol and 4-nitrophenol on the activated sludge process employed for the treatment of petroleum wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 203:825-830. [PMID: 27681869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the inhibitory effect of cyanide, phenol and 4-nitrophenol on the activated sludge process was investigated. The inhibition of the aerobic oxidation of organic matter, nitrification and denitrification were examined in batch reactors by measuring the specific oxygen uptake rate (sOUR), the specific ammonium uptake rate (sAUR) and the specific nitrogen uptake rate (sNUR) respectively. The tested cyanide, phenol and 4-nitrophenol concentrations were 0.2-1.7 mg/L, 4.8-73.1 mg/L and 8.2-73.0 mg/L respectively. Cyanide was highly toxic as it significantly (>50%) inhibited the activity of autotrophic biomass, heterotrophic biomass under aerobic conditions and denitrifiers even at relatively low concentrations (1.0-1.7 mgCN-/L). The determination of the half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) confirmed this, since for cyanide IC50 values were very low for the examined bioprocesses (<1.5 mg/L). On the other hand, the IC50 values for phenol and 4-nitrophenol were much higher (>25 mg/L) for the tested bioprocesses since appreciable concentrations were required to accomplish significant inhibition. The autotrophic bacteria were more sensitive to phenol than the aerobic heterotrophs. The denitrifiers were found to be very resistant to phenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- V J Inglezakis
- School of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, Environmental Science & Technology Group (ESTg), Nazarbayev University, 53, Kabanbay Batyr Ave., Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - S Malamis
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou St., Zographou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece.
| | - A Omirkhan
- School of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, Environmental Science & Technology Group (ESTg), Nazarbayev University, 53, Kabanbay Batyr Ave., Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - J Nauruzbayeva
- School of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, Environmental Science & Technology Group (ESTg), Nazarbayev University, 53, Kabanbay Batyr Ave., Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Z Makhtayeva
- School of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, Environmental Science & Technology Group (ESTg), Nazarbayev University, 53, Kabanbay Batyr Ave., Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - T Seidakhmetov
- School of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, Environmental Science & Technology Group (ESTg), Nazarbayev University, 53, Kabanbay Batyr Ave., Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - A Kudarova
- School of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, Environmental Science & Technology Group (ESTg), Nazarbayev University, 53, Kabanbay Batyr Ave., Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
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16
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Javaheri Safa Z, Aminzadeh S, Zamani M, Motallebi M. Significant increase in cyanide degradation by Bacillus sp. M01 PTCC 1908 with response surface methodology optimization. AMB Express 2017; 7:200. [PMID: 29127658 PMCID: PMC5681455 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-017-0502-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanide is used in many industries despite its toxicity. Cyanide biodegradation is affordable and eco-friendly. Sampling from cyanide-contaminated areas from the Muteh gold mine and isolation of 24 bacteria were performed successfully. The selected bacteria-'Bacillus sp. M01'-showed maximum tolerance (15 mM) to cyanide and deposited in Persian Type Culture Collection by PTCC No.: 1908. In the primary experiments, effective factors were identified through the Plackett-Burman design. In order to attain the maximum degradation by Bacillus sp. M01 PTCC 1908, culture conditions were optimized by using response surface methodology. By optimizing the effective factor values and considering the interaction between them, the culture conditions were optimized. The degradation percentage was calculated using one-way ANOVA vs t test, and was found to have increased 2.35 times compared to pre-optimization. In all of the experiments, R2 was as high as 91%. The results of this study are strongly significant for cyanide biodegradation. This method enables the bacteria to degrade 86% of 10 mM cyanide in 48 h. This process has been patented in Iranian Intellectual Property Centre under Licence No: 90533.
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17
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Lovasoa CR, Hela K, Harinaivo AA, Hamma Y. Bioremediation of soil and water polluted by cyanide: A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.5897/ajest2016.2264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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18
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Ibáñez MI, Cabello P, Luque-Almagro VM, Sáez LP, Olaya A, Sánchez de Medina V, Luque de Castro MD, Moreno-Vivián C, Roldán MD. Quantitative proteomic analysis of Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes CECT5344 in response to industrial cyanide-containing wastewaters using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172908. [PMID: 28253357 PMCID: PMC5333837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological treatments to degrade cyanide are a powerful technology for cyanide removal from industrial wastewaters. It has been previously demonstrated that the alkaliphilic bacterium Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes CECT5344 is able to use free cyanide and several metal−cyanide complexes as the sole nitrogen source. In this work, the strain CECT5344 has been used for detoxification of the different chemical forms of cyanide that are present in alkaline wastewaters from the jewelry industry. This liquid residue also contains large concentrations of metals like iron, copper and zinc, making this wastewater even more toxic. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in the bioremediation process, a quantitative proteomic analysis by LC-MS/MS has been carried out in P. pseudoalcaligenes CECT5344 cells grown with the jewelry residue as sole nitrogen source. Different proteins related to cyanide and cyanate assimilation, as well as other proteins involved in transport and resistance to metals were induced by the cyanide-containing jewelry residue. GntR-like regulatory proteins were also induced by this industrial residue and mutational analysis revealed that GntR-like regulatory proteins may play a role in the regulation of cyanide assimilation in P. pseudoalcaligenes CECT5344. The strain CECT5344 has been used in a batch reactor to remove at pH 9 the different forms of cyanide present in industrial wastewaters from the jewelry industry (0.3 g/L, ca. 12 mM total cyanide, including both free cyanide and metal−cyanide complexes). This is the first report describing the biological removal at alkaline pH of such as elevated concentration of cyanide present in a heterogeneous mixture from an industrial source.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Ibáñez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Purificación Cabello
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Edificio Celestino Mutis, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Víctor Manuel Luque-Almagro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Lara P. Sáez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alfonso Olaya
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Verónica Sánchez de Medina
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Edificio Marie Curie, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Dolores Luque de Castro
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Edificio Marie Curie, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Conrado Moreno-Vivián
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Dolores Roldán
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- * E-mail:
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19
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Gschwendtner S, Mansfeldt T, Kublik S, Touliari E, Buegger F, Schloter M. Long-term ferrocyanide application via deicing salts promotes the establishment of Actinomycetales assimilating ferrocyanide-derived carbon in soil. Microb Biotechnol 2016; 9:502-13. [PMID: 27194597 PMCID: PMC4919992 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanides are highly toxic and produced by various microorganisms as defence strategy or to increase their competitiveness. As degradation is the most efficient way of detoxification, some microbes developed the capability to use cyanides as carbon and nitrogen source. However, it is not clear if this potential also helps to lower cyanide concentrations in roadside soils where deicing salt application leads to significant inputs of ferrocyanide. The question remains if biodegradation in soils can occur without previous photolysis. By conducting a microcosm experiment using soils with/without pre-exposition to road salts spiked with (13) C-labelled ferrocyanide, we were able to confirm biodegradation and in parallel to identify bacteria using ferrocyanide as C source via DNA stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP), TRFLP fingerprinting and pyrosequencing. Bacteria assimilating (13) C were highly similar in the pre-exposed soils, belonging mostly to Actinomycetales (Kineosporia, Mycobacterium, Micromonosporaceae). In the soil without pre-exposition, bacteria belonging to Acidobacteria (Gp3, Gp4, Gp6), Gemmatimonadetes (Gemmatimonas) and Gammaproteobacteria (Thermomonas, Xanthomonadaceae) used ferrocyanide as C source but not the present Actinomycetales. This indicated that (i) various bacteria are able to assimilate ferrocyanide-derived C and (ii) long-term exposition to ferrocyanide applied with deicing salts leads to Actinomycetales outcompeting other microorganisms for the use of ferrocyanide as C source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gschwendtner
- Research Unit Environmental Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Tim Mansfeldt
- Department Geowissenschaften, Bodengeographie/Bodenkunde, Universität zu Köln, Albertus-Magnus-Platz, Köln, 50923, Germany
| | - Susanne Kublik
- Research Unit Environmental Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Evangelia Touliari
- Research Unit Environmental Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Franz Buegger
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Michael Schloter
- Research Unit Environmental Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
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20
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Luque-Almagro VM, Moreno-Vivián C, Roldán MD. Biodegradation of cyanide wastes from mining and jewellery industries. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2015; 38:9-13. [PMID: 26745356 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cyanide, one of the known most toxic chemicals, is widely used in mining and jewellery industries for gold extraction and recovery from crushed ores or electroplating residues. Cyanide toxicity occurs because this compound strongly binds to metals, inactivating metalloenzymes such as cytochrome c oxidase. Despite the toxicity of cyanide, cyanotrophic microorganisms such as the alkaliphilic bacterium Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes CECT5344 may use cyanide and its derivatives as a nitrogen source for growth, making biodegradation of cyanurated industrial waste possible. Genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic techniques applied to cyanide biodegradation ('cyan-omics') provide a holistic view that increases the global insights into the genetic background of cyanotrophic microorganisms that could be used for biodegradation of industrial cyanurated wastes and other biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M Luque-Almagro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, 1ª Planta, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Conrado Moreno-Vivián
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, 1ª Planta, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Dolores Roldán
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, 1ª Planta, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
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21
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Wang CW, Chen YN, Wu BY, Lee CK, Chen YC, Huang YH, Chang HT. Sensitive detection of cyanide using bovine serum albumin-stabilized cerium/gold nanoclusters. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 408:287-94. [PMID: 26507328 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9104-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive, and selective fluorescence assay for the detection of CN(-) has been demonstrated using bovine serum albumin-stabilized cerium/gold nanoclusters (BSA-Ce/Au NCs). When excited at 325 nm, BSA-Ce/Au NCs have two fluorescence bands centered at 410 and 658 nm, which are assigned to BSA-Ce/Au complexes and Au NCs, respectively. Each BSA-Ce/Au NC contains 22 Au atoms and 8 Ce ions. Through etching of the Au core in BSA-Ce/Au NCs by CN(-), the fluorescence at 658 nm is quenched, while that at 410 nm enhances during the formation of complexes among BSA, Ce(4+), and [Au(CN)2](-). The circular dichroism spectra reveal that relative to BSA-Au NCs, BSA-Ce/Au NCs have looser structures of the BSA templates. As a result, it is easier for CN(-) to access the Au cores in BSA-Ce/Au NCs, allowing faster (within 15 min) etching of the Au cores by CN(-). At pH 12.0, this assay allows the detection of CN(-) down to 50 nM, with linearity over 0.1-15 μM. This assay has been applied to the determination of the concentrations of CN(-) in spiked drinking water and pond water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Na Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Yi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Kai Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chieh Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Huei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Tsung Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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22
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Shivanoor SM, David M. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) study on cyanide induced biochemical and structural changes in rat sperm. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:1347-1356. [PMID: 28962477 PMCID: PMC5598370 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the recent years, great attention had been focused on cyanide toxicity because of its widespread use in industries and considered to be a ubiquitous pollutant in the environment. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the toxic effect of cyanide on rat sperms at molecular level by using FT-IR technique. For this purpose, rats were randomly divided into four groups and treated with 0.0, 0.64, 1.2 and 3.2 mg kg-1 body weight (BW) for the period of 90 days. The group treated with lower dose (0.64 mg kg-1 BW) showed an insignificant change in all the peaks, except the peaks assigned to olefinic 000000000000 000000000000 000000000000 111111111111 000000000000 111111111111 000000000000 000000000000 000000000000 C-H, CH2 asymmetric and CH2 symmetric stretching vibration in the lipids. While, the groups treated with higher doses (1.2 and 3.2 mg kg-1 BW) showed the significant decrease in the area under the peaks corresponds to different bio-molecules. In addition, spectral second derivative analysis showed the significant alteration in α-helix, turns, β-sheet, aggregated β-sheet and random coil structures in the proteins. In conclusion, the selected higher dosage of cyanide had caused significant decrease in the biochemical composition of rat sperms along with structural changes in the proteins. The FT-IR technique is an excellent tool used for the analysis of oxidative damage in the sperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiddappa Mallappa Shivanoor
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003 Karnataka, India
| | - Muniswamy David
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003 Karnataka, India
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23
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Natarajan G, Ting YP. Gold biorecovery from e-waste: An improved strategy through spent medium leaching with pH modification. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 136:232-238. [PMID: 26025187 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Rapid technological advancement and relatively short life time of electronic goods have resulted in an alarming growth rate of electronic waste which often contains significant quantities of toxic and precious metals. Compared to conventional recovery methods, bioleaching is an environmentally friendly process for metal extraction. Gold was bioleached from electronic scrap materials (ESM) via gold-cyanide complexation using cyanide produced from pure and mixed cultures of cyanogenic bacteria Chromobacterium violaceum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas fluorescens. As ESM was toxic to the bacteria, a two-step bioleaching approach was adopted where the solid waste was added to the bacterial culture after it has reached maximum growth and cyanide production during early stationary phase. Pure culture of C. violaceum showed the highest cyanide production, yielding maximum gold recovery of 11.3% at 0.5% w/v pulp density of ESM in two-step bioleaching. At the same pulp density of ESM, spent medium bioleaching using bacterial cell-free metabolites achieved gold recovery of 18%. Recovery increased to 30% when the pH of the spent medium was increased to shift the equilibrium in favor of cyanide ions production. It is demonstrated for the first time that pH modification of spent medium further improved metal solubilization and yielded higher metal recovery (compared to two-step bioleaching).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Natarajan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Yen-Peng Ting
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
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24
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Moshi AP, Hosea KMM, Elisante E, Mamo G, Mattiasson B. High temperature simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of starch from inedible wild cassava (Manihot glaziovii) to bioethanol using Caloramator boliviensis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 180:128-136. [PMID: 25594508 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.12.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The thermoanaerobe, Caloramator boliviensis was used to ferment starch hydrolysate from inedible wild cassava to ethanol at 60°C. A raw starch degrading α-amylase was used to hydrolyse the cassava starch. During fermentation, the organism released CO2 and H2 gases, and Gas Endeavour System was successfully used for monitoring and recording formation of these gaseous products. The bioethanol produced in stoichiometric amounts to CO2 was registered online in Gas Endeavour software and correlated strongly (R(2)=0.99) with values measured by HPLC. The organism was sensitive to cyanide that exists in cassava flour. However, after acclimatisation, it was able to grow and ferment cassava starch hydrolysate containing up to 0.2ppm cyanide. The reactor hydrogen partial pressure had influence on the bioethanol production. In fed-batch fermentation by maintaining the hydrogen partial pressure around 590Pa, the organism was able to ferment up to 76g/L glucose and produced 33g/L ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anselm P Moshi
- Division of Biotechnology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden; Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Uvumbuzi Road, Mwalimu J.K. Nyerere Mlimani Campus, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35179, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Tanzania Industrial Research and Development Organization (TIRDO), Kimweri Avenue, TIRDO Complex, Msasani, P.O. Box 23235, Dar-es salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Ken M M Hosea
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Uvumbuzi Road, Mwalimu J.K. Nyerere Mlimani Campus, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35179, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Emrode Elisante
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Uvumbuzi Road, Mwalimu J.K. Nyerere Mlimani Campus, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35179, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - G Mamo
- Division of Biotechnology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Bo Mattiasson
- Division of Biotechnology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden; also at Indienz AB, Annebergs Gård, SE-26873 Billeberga, Sweden.
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25
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Kumari N, Jha S, Bhattacharya S. An efficient probe for rapid detection of cyanide in water at parts per billion levels and naked-eye detection of endogenous cyanide. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:830-7. [PMID: 24449698 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201301390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A new molecular probe based on an oxidized bis-indolyl skeleton has been developed for rapid and sensitive visual detection of cyanide ions in water and also for the detection of endogenously bound cyanide. The probe allows the "naked-eye" detection of cyanide ions in water with a visual color change from red to yellow (Δλmax =80 nm) with the immediate addition of the probe. It shows high selectivity towards the cyanide ion without any interference from other anions. The detection of cyanide by the probe is ratiometric, thus making the detection quantitative. A Michael-type addition reaction of the probe with the cyanide ion takes place during this chemodosimetric process. In water, the detection limit was found to be at the parts per million level, which improved drastically when a neutral micellar medium was employed, and it showed a parts-per-billion-level detection, which is even 25-fold lower than the permitted limits of cyanide in water. The probe could also efficiently detect the endogenously bound cyanide in cassava (a staple food) with a clear visual color change without requiring any sample pretreatment and/or any special reaction conditions such as pH or temperature. Thus the probe could serve as a practical naked-eye probe for "in-field" experiments without requiring any sophisticated instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namita Kumari
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012 1 (India), Fax: (+91) 080-2360-0529
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Devi S, Sharma N, Savitri, Bhalla TC. Comparative analysis of amino acid sequences from mesophiles and thermophiles in respective of carbon-nitrogen hydrolase family. 3 Biotech 2013; 3:491-507. [PMID: 28324422 PMCID: PMC3824785 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-012-0111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A comparative study of amino acid sequence and physicochemical properties indicates the affiliation of protein from the nitrilase/cyanide hydratase family. This family contains nitrilases that break carbon-nitrogen bonds and appear to be involved in the reduction of organic nitrogen compounds and ammonia production. They all have distinct substrate specificity and include nitrilase, cyanide hydratases, aliphatic amidases, beta-alanine synthase, and a few other proteins with unknown molecular function. These sequences were analyzed for different physical and chemical properties and to relate these observed differences to the thermostability properties, phylogenetic tree construction and the evolutionary relationship among them. In this work, in silico analysis of amino acid sequences of mesophilic (15) and thermophilic (archaea, 15 and bacteria, 15) proteins has been done. The physiochemical properties of these three groups of nitrilase/cyanide hydratase family also differ in number of amino acids, molecular weight, pI values, positively charged ions, i.e. Arg + Lys, aliphatic index and grand average of hydropathacity (GRAVY). The amino acid Ala (1.37-fold) was found to be higher in mesophilic bacteria as compared to thermophilic bacteria but Lys and Phe were found to be significantly high (1.43 and 1.39-fold, respectively) in case of thermophilic bacteria. The amino acids Ala, Cys, Gln, His and Thr were found to be significantly higher (1.41, 1.6, 1.77, 1.44 and 1.29-fold, respectively) in mesophilic bacteria as compared to thermophilic archaea, where Glu, Leu and Val were found significantly high (1.22, 1.19 and 1.26-fold, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Devi
- Bioinformatics Centre (Sub-Distributed Information Centre), Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, Summer Hill, 171005, India
| | - Nikhil Sharma
- Bioinformatics Centre (Sub-Distributed Information Centre), Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, Summer Hill, 171005, India
| | - Savitri
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, Summer Hill, 171005, India
| | - Tek Chand Bhalla
- Bioinformatics Centre (Sub-Distributed Information Centre), Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, Summer Hill, 171005, India.
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, Summer Hill, 171005, India.
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Ozcan E, Gok Z, Yel E. Photo/photochemical oxidation of cyanide and metal-cyanide complexes: ultraviolet A versus ultraviolet C. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2012; 33:1913-1925. [PMID: 23240184 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2011.650224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of free cyanide (CN(-)), weak-acid dissociable (WAD) (Zn(CN)4(2-), Cu(CN)3(2-)) and strong-acid dissociable (SAD) (Fe(CN)6(4-) cyanide complexes by photo and photochemical oxidation with ultraviolet (UV) light and H2O2 was investigated. The experiments were performed in batch reactors under ultraviolet A (UVA; 395 nm) and ultraviolet C (UVC; 254 nm) light; the degradation efficiency was followed in terms of free cyanide, complex and metal concentrations. UVC and UVA photo-oxidations were found to be equally effective in CN(-) and WAD degradation, while the degradation of the SAD complex was more difficult for both UV wavelengths, and UVC was more effective. The initial pH of the solution has influenced the degradation of all cyanide species and the optimum initial pH was evaluated as 10.5 for CN(-) and Cu(CN)3(2-); 12.0 for Zn(CN)4(2-) and 9.0 for Fe(CN)6(4-) degradation. Photochemical oxidation using H202 provided higher degradation at shorter durations with both UVA and UVC. Time-dependent variations in free cyanide and metal concentrations have indicated that metal-cyanide complexes are firstly degraded into metal and CN(-) ions, followed by oxidation of CN(-) ions, while metals in the system were partially removed as hydroxide precipitates. Therefore, depending upon the effluent requirements, the studied UV photo/photochemical oxidations were offered as either a pre-treatment method for the separation of metal and the cyanide, or as an oxidation technology to degrade especially WAD complexes and CN(-). Estimated operational cost of photo-oxidation by UVC was 1.6-2.5-fold higher than UVA degradation, although degradation times were close. In the photochemical oxidation with H2O2, the operational costs of UVC and UVA degradation were closer, owing to peroxide costs, but UVC was still more expensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ercan Ozcan
- Selcuk University, Environmental Engineering Department, Konya, Turkey
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Estepa J, Luque-Almagro VM, Manso I, Escribano MP, Martínez-Luque M, Castillo F, Moreno-Vivián C, Roldán MD. The nit1C gene cluster of Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes CECT5344 involved in assimilation of nitriles is essential for growth on cyanide. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2012; 4:326-334. [PMID: 23760796 DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-2229.2012.00337.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A proteomic approach was used to identify several proteins induced by cyanide in the alkaliphilic bacterium Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes CECT5344, two of them, NitB and NitG, encoded by genes that belong to the nit1C gene cluster. The predicted products of the nit1C gene cluster are a Fis-like σ(54) -dependent transcriptional activator (NitA), a nitrilase (NitC), an S-adenosylmethionine superfamily member (NitD), an N-acyltransferase superfamily member (NitE), a trifunctional polypeptide of the AIRS/GARS family (NitF), an NADH-dependent oxidoreductase (NitH) and two hypothetical proteins of unknown function (NitB and NitG). RT-PCR analysis suggested that nitBCDEFGH genes were co-transcribed, whereas the regulatory nitA gene was divergently transcribed. Real-time RT-PCR revealed that expression of the nitBCDEFGH genes was induced by cyanide and repressed by ammonium. The P. pseudoalcaligenes CECT5344 nit1C gene cluster was found to be involved in assimilation of free and organic cyanides (nitriles) as deduced for the inability to grow with cyanides showed by the NitA, NitB and NitC mutant strains. The wild-type strain CECT5344 showed a nitrilase activity that allows growth on cyanide or hydroxynitriles. The NitB and NitC mutants only presented low basal levels of nitrilase activity that were not enough to support growth on either free cyanide or aliphatic nitriles, suggesting that nitrilase NitC is specific and essential for cyanide and aliphatic nitriles assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Estepa
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, 1a Planta, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
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29
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Wang L, Watermeyer JM, Mulelu AE, Sewell BT, Benedik MJ. Engineering pH-tolerant mutants of a cyanide dihydratase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 94:131-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3620-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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30
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Isolation of a strain of Aspergillus fumigatus able to grow in minimal medium added with an industrial cyanide waste. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 28:165-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0805-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bacterial cyanide degradation is under review: Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes CECT5344, a case of an alkaliphilic cyanotroph. Biochem Soc Trans 2011; 39:269-74. [PMID: 21265786 DOI: 10.1042/bst0390269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There are thousands of areas in the U.S.A. and Europe contaminated with cyanide-containing wastes as a consequence of a large number of industrial activities such as gold mining, steel and aluminium manufacturing, electroplating and nitrile pesticides used in agriculture. Chemical treatments to remove cyanide are expensive and generate other toxic products. By contrast, cyanide biodegradation constitutes an appropriate alternative treatment. In the present review we provide an overview of how cells deal in the presence of the poison cyanide that irreversible binds to metals causing, among other things, iron-deprivation conditions outside the cell and metalloenzymes inhibition inside the cell. In this sense, several systems must be present in a cyanotrophic organism, including a siderophore-based acquisition mechanism, a cyanide-insensitive respiratory system and a cyanide degradation/assimilation pathway. The alkaliphilic autochthonous bacterium Pseudomonas pseudocaligenes CECT5344 presents all these requirements with the production of siderophores, a cyanide-insensitive bd-related cytochrome [Cio (cyanide-insensitive oxidase)] and a cyanide assimilation pathway that generates ammonium, which is further incorporated into organic nitrogen.
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Chen WJ, Tang P, Hseu YC, Chen CC, Huang KY, Chen SC. A proteome analysis of the tetracyanonickelate (II) responses in Klebsiella oxytoca. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2011; 3:106-111. [PMID: 23761238 DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-2229.2010.00194.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Tetracyanonickelate (II) (TCN) has been proved to be degraded by Klebsiella oxytoca. In order to examine the physiological responses of TCN degradation by this bacterium, two-dimensional (2-DE) electrophoresis approach and Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry allow us to identify 91 proteins spots that were significantly altered in the presence of 1 mM TCN in relative to that in 1 mM ammonia when K. oxytoca grown at the late-log phase. Among them, 43 proteins were successfully identified. Fractions enriched in hydrophobic proteins were obtained with a specific extraction method based on temperature-dependent phase partitioning with Triton X-114, with the successful identification of 26 proteins out of 41 differential proteins. Some proteins were related with TCN metabolism. OsmC-like protein, molecular chaperone DnaK, glutathione S-transferase, alkyl hydroperoxide reductase, DNA protection during starvation conditions and DNA binding ferritin-like protein can counteract the oxidative stress from TCN biodegradation. The nitrogenase had been suggested to participate in TCN degradation by K. oxytoca, and was upregulated in TCN-treated cells as expected. The induction of glutamine synthetase could enhance the assimilation of limited nitrogen source produced from the bioconversion of TCN into ammonia as the alternate nitrogen source for bacteria growth. These findings could provide new insights into the inducible mechanisms underlying the capacity of K. oxytoca to tolerate TCN stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jen Chen
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan Bioinformatics Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan Department of Cosmeceutic, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan Department of Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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33
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Seto Y. Research and Development of On-site Decontamination System for Biological and Chemical Warfare Agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.57.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Seto
- Third Department of Forensic Science, National Research Institute of Police Science
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34
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Luque-Almagro VM, Merchán F, Blasco R, Igeño MI, Martínez-Luque M, Moreno-Vivián C, Castillo F, Roldán MD. Cyanide degradation by Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes CECT5344 involves a malate:quinone oxidoreductase and an associated cyanide-insensitive electron transfer chain. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2010; 157:739-746. [PMID: 21178163 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.045286-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The alkaliphilic bacterium Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes CECT5344 is able to grow with cyanide as the sole nitrogen source. Membrane fractions from cells grown under cyanotrophic conditions catalysed the production of oxaloacetate from L-malate. Several enzymic activities of the tricarboxylic acid and glyoxylate cycles in association with the cyanide-insensitive respiratory pathway seem to be responsible for the oxaloacetate formation in vivo. Thus, in cyanide-grown cells, citrate synthase and isocitrate lyase activities were significantly higher than those observed with other nitrogen sources. Malate dehydrogenase activity was undetectable, but a malate:quinone oxidoreductase activity coupled to the cyanide-insensitive alternative oxidase was found in membrane fractions from cyanide-grown cells. Therefore, oxaloacetate production was linked to the cyanide-insensitive respiration in P. pseudoalcaligenes CECT5344. Cyanide and oxaloacetate reacted chemically inside the cells to produce a cyanohydrin (2-hydroxynitrile), which was further converted to ammonium. In addition to cyanide, strain CECT5344 was able to grow with several cyano derivatives, such as 2- and 3-hydroxynitriles. The specific system required for uptake and metabolization of cyanohydrins was induced by cyanide and by 2-hydroxynitriles, such as the cyanohydrins of oxaloacetate and 2-oxoglutarate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Luque-Almagro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, 1a Planta, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Faustino Merchán
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Rafael Blasco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - M Isabel Igeño
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Manuel Martínez-Luque
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, 1a Planta, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Conrado Moreno-Vivián
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, 1a Planta, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Castillo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, 1a Planta, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - M Dolores Roldán
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, 1a Planta, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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35
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Chemical ecology in coupled human and natural systems: people, manioc, multitrophic interactions and global change. CHEMOECOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00049-010-0047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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36
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Dash RR, Gaur A, Balomajumder C. Cyanide in industrial wastewaters and its removal: a review on biotreatment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 163:1-11. [PMID: 18657360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2008] [Revised: 06/11/2008] [Accepted: 06/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cyanides are produced by certain bacteria, fungi, and algae, and may be found in plants and some foods, such as lima beans and almonds. Although cyanides are present in small concentrations in these plants and microorganisms, their large-scale presence in the environment is attributed to the human activities as cyanide compounds are extensively used in industries. Bulk of cyanide occurrence in environment is mainly due to metal finishing and mining industries. Although cyanide can be removed and recovered by several processes, it is still widely discussed and examined due to its potential toxicity and environmental impact. From an economic standpoint, the biological treatment method is cost-effective as compared to chemical and physical methods for cyanide removal. Several microbial species can effectively degrade cyanide into less toxic products. During metabolism, they use cyanide as a nitrogen and carbon source converting it to ammonia and carbonate, if appropriate conditions are maintained. Biological treatment of cyanide under anaerobic as well as aerobic conditions is possible. The present review describes the mechanism and advances in the use of biological treatment for the removal of cyanide compounds and its advantages over other treatment processes. It also includes various microbial pathways for their removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Roshan Dash
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Hamirpur 177005, HP, India.
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37
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Dash RR, Balomajumder C, Kumar A. Treatment of Cyanide Bearing Water/Wastewater by Plain and Biological Activated Carbon. Ind Eng Chem Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ie071299y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Roshan Dash
- Department of Civil Engineering, NIT Hamirpur, Hamirpur-177005, HP, India, and Department of Chemical Engineering, and Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Chandrajit Balomajumder
- Department of Civil Engineering, NIT Hamirpur, Hamirpur-177005, HP, India, and Department of Chemical Engineering, and Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, NIT Hamirpur, Hamirpur-177005, HP, India, and Department of Chemical Engineering, and Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India
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38
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Roshan Dash R, Balomajumder C, Kumar A. Removal of metal cyanides from aqueous solutions by suspended and immobilized cells ofRhizopus oryzae(MTCC 2541). Eng Life Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.200700024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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39
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Kirschning A, Kujat C, Luiken S, Schaumann E. Small and Versatile – Formyl Anion and Dianion Equivalents. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200601003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kirschning
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1b, 30167 Hannover, Germany, Fax: +49‐511‐726‐3011
| | - Christof Kujat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1b, 30167 Hannover, Germany, Fax: +49‐511‐726‐3011
| | - Silke Luiken
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1b, 30167 Hannover, Germany, Fax: +49‐511‐726‐3011
| | - Ernst Schaumann
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstraße 6, 38678 Clausthal‐Zellerfeld, Germany
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Lalucat J, Bennasar A, Bosch R, García-Valdés E, Palleroni NJ. Biology of Pseudomonas stutzeri. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2006; 70:510-47. [PMID: 16760312 PMCID: PMC1489536 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00047-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas stutzeri is a nonfluorescent denitrifying bacterium widely distributed in the environment, and it has also been isolated as an opportunistic pathogen from humans. Over the past 15 years, much progress has been made in elucidating the taxonomy of this diverse taxonomical group, demonstrating the clonality of its populations. The species has received much attention because of its particular metabolic properties: it has been proposed as a model organism for denitrification studies; many strains have natural transformation properties, making it relevant for study of the transfer of genes in the environment; several strains are able to fix dinitrogen; and others participate in the degradation of pollutants or interact with toxic metals. This review considers the history of the discovery, nomenclatural changes, and early studies, together with the relevant biological and ecological properties, of P. stutzeri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Lalucat
- Department de Biologia, Microbiologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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41
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Baxter J, Cummings SP. The current and future applications of microorganism in the bioremediation of cyanide contamination. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2006; 90:1-17. [PMID: 16683094 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-006-9057-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2005] [Accepted: 01/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic cyanide and nitrile compounds are distributed widely in the environment, chiefly as a result of anthropogenic activity but also through cyanide synthesis by a range of organisms including higher plants, fungi and bacteria. The major source of cyanide in soil and water is through the discharge of effluents containing a variety of inorganic cyanide and nitriles. Here the fate of cyanide compounds in soil and water is reviewed, identifying those factors that affect their persistence and which determine whether they are amenable to biological degradation. The exploitation of cyanides by a variety of taxa, as a mechanism to avoid predation or to inhibit competitors has led to the evolution in many organisms of enzymes that catalyse degradation of a range of cyanide compounds. Microorganisms expressing pathways involved in cyanide degradation are briefly reviewed and the current applications of bacteria and fungi in the biodegradation of cyanide contamination in the field are discussed. Finally, recent advances that offer an insight into the potential of microbial systems for the bioremediation of cyanide compounds under a range of environmental conditions are identified, and the future potential of these technologies for the treatment of cyanide pollution is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Baxter
- School of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
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42
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Grigor’eva NV, Kondrat’eva TF, Krasil’nikova EN, Karavaiko GI. Mechanism of cyanide and thiocyanate decomposition by an association of Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas stutzeri strains. Microbiology (Reading) 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261706030040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Brar SK, Verma M, Surampalli RY, Misra K, Tyagi RD, Meunier N, Blais JF. Bioremediation of Hazardous Wastes—A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1061/(asce)1090-025x(2006)10:2(59)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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44
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Microbial population and biochemical changes during production of protein-enriched fufu. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-005-9083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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45
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Huertas MJ, Luque-Almagro VM, Martínez-Luque M, Blasco R, Moreno-Vivián C, Castillo F, Roldán MD. Cyanide metabolism of Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes CECT5344: role of siderophores. Biochem Soc Trans 2006; 34:152-5. [PMID: 16417508 DOI: 10.1042/bst0340152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cyanide is one of the most potent and toxic chemicals produced by industry. The jewellery industry of Córdoba (Spain) generates a wastewater (residue) that contains free cyanide, as well as large amounts of cyano–metal complexes. Cyanide is highly toxic to living systems because it forms very stable complexes with transition metals that are essential for protein function. In spite of its extreme toxicity, some organisms have acquired mechanisms to avoid cyanide poisoning. The biological assimilation of cyanide needs the concurrence of three separate processes: (i) a cyanide-insensitive respiratory chain, (ii) a system for iron acquisition (siderophores) and (iii) a cyanide assimilation pathway. Siderophores are low-molecular-mass compounds (600–1500 Da) that scavenge iron (Fe3+) ions (usually with extremely high affinity) from the environment under iron-limiting conditions. There are two main classes of siderophores: catechol and hydroxamate types. The catechol-type siderophores chelate ferric ion via a hydroxy group, whereas the hydroxamate-type siderophores bind iron via a carbonyl group with the adjacent nitrogen. In the presence of cyanide, bacterial proliferation requires this specific metal uptake system because siderophores are able to break down cyano–metal complexes. Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes CECT5344 is able to use free cyanide or cyano–metal complexes as nitrogen source. A proteomic approach was used for the isolation and identification, in this strain, of a protein that was induced in the presence of cyanide, namely CN0, that is involved in siderophore biosynthesis in response to cyanide. An overview of bacterial cyanide degradation pathways and the involvement of siderophores in this process are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-J Huertas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, 1a Planta, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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Kalnenieks U, Galinina N, Toma MM. Physiological regulation of the properties of alcohol dehydrogenase II (ADH II) of Zymomonas mobilis: NADH renders ADH II resistant to cyanide and aeration. Arch Microbiol 2005; 183:450-6. [PMID: 16027951 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-005-0023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2005] [Revised: 05/10/2005] [Accepted: 06/17/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The variable cyanide-sensitivity of the iron-containing alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzyme (ADH II) of the ethanol-producing bacterium Zymomonas mobilis was studied. In aerobically grown permeabilized cells, cyanide caused gradual inhibition of ADH II, which was largely prevented by externally added NADH. Cyanide-sensitivity of ADH II was highest in cells grown under conditions of vigorous aeration, in which intracellular NADH concentration was low. Anaerobically grown bacteria, as well as those cultivated aerobically in the presence of cyanide, maintained higher intracellular NADH levels along with a more cyanide-resistant ADH II. It was demonstrated that cyanide acted as a competitive inhibitor of ADH II, competing with nicotinamide nucleotides. NADH increased both cyanide-resistance and oxygen-resistance of ADH II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uldis Kalnenieks
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Kronvalda boulv. 4, 1586 Riga, Latvia.
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47
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Luque-Almagro VM, Huertas MJ, Martínez-Luque M, Moreno-Vivián C, Roldán MD, García-Gil LJ, Castillo F, Blasco R. Bacterial degradation of cyanide and its metal complexes under alkaline conditions. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:940-7. [PMID: 15691951 PMCID: PMC546731 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.2.940-947.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A bacterial strain able to use cyanide as the sole nitrogen source under alkaline conditions has been isolated. The bacterium was classified as Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes by comparison of its 16S RNA gene sequence to those of existing strains and deposited in the Coleccion Espanola de Cultivos Tipo (Spanish Type Culture Collection) as strain CECT5344. Cyanide consumption is an assimilative process, since (i) bacterial growth was concomitant and proportional to cyanide degradation and (ii) the bacterium stoichiometrically converted cyanide into ammonium in the presence of l-methionine-d,l-sulfoximine, a glutamine synthetase inhibitor. The bacterium was able to grow in alkaline media, up to an initial pH of 11.5, and tolerated free cyanide in concentrations of up to 30 mM, which makes it a good candidate for the biological treatment of cyanide-contaminated residues. Both acetate and d,l-malate were suitable carbon sources for cyanotrophic growth, but no growth was detected in media with cyanide as the sole carbon source. In addition to cyanide, P. pseudoalcaligenes CECT5344 used other nitrogen sources, namely ammonium, nitrate, cyanate, cyanoacetamide, nitroferricyanide (nitroprusside), and a variety of cyanide-metal complexes. Cyanide and ammonium were assimilated simultaneously, whereas cyanide strongly inhibited nitrate and nitrite assimilation. Cyanase activity was induced during growth with cyanide or cyanate, but not with ammonium or nitrate as the nitrogen source. This result suggests that cyanate could be an intermediate in the cyanide degradation pathway, but alternative routes cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M Luque-Almagro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad SN, E-10071 Cáceres, Spain
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48
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Luque-Almagro VM, Blasco R, Huertas MJ, Martínez-Luque M, Moreno-Vivián C, Castillo F, Roldán MD. Alkaline cyanide biodegradation by Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes CECT5344. Biochem Soc Trans 2005; 33:168-9. [PMID: 15667296 DOI: 10.1042/bst0330168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes CECT5344 uses cyanide, cyanate, β-cyanoalanine, and other cyanoderivatives as nitrogen sources under alkaline conditions, which prevents volatile HCN (pKa 9.2) formation. The cyanide consumed by this strain is stoichiometrically converted into ammonium. In addition, this bacterium grows with the heavy metal, cyanide-containing waste water generated by the jewellery industry, and is also a cyanide-resistant strain which induces an alternative oxidase and a siderophore-based mechanism for iron acquisition in the presence of cyanide. The detection of cyanase and β-cyanoalanine nitrilase activities in cyanide-induced cells suggests their implication in the cyanide degradation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Luque-Almagro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba 14071, Spain
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Abstract
Cyanide compounds are produced as waste products of a number of industrial processes and several routes for their removal from the environment are under investigation, including the use of biodegradation. The most recent developments in this area have come from studies of the hydrolytic and oxidative pathways for biodegradation and the conditions that affect their activity. The biodegradation of cyanide under anaerobic conditions has also recently demonstrated the feasibility for concomitant biogas generation, a possible economic benefit of the process. Significant advances have been reported in the use of plants for the phytoremediation of cyanide compounds and evidence for the biodegradation of thiocyanate and metal-cyanide complexes has become available. Despite these advances, however, physical and economic factors still limit the application of cyanide biodegradation, as do competing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Ebbs
- Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 420 Life Science II, Mailcode 6509, 1125 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, USA.
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50
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Abstract
The enzymes nitrilase, cyanide dihydratase and cyanide hydratase are a group of closely related proteins. The proteins show significant similarities at the amino acid and protein structure level but the enzymes show many differences in catalytic capability. Nitrilases, while catalysing the hydration of nitrile to the corresponding acid, vary widely in substrate specificity. Cyanide dihydratase and cyanide hydratase use HCN as the only efficient substrate but produce acid and amide products, respectively. The similarities of all these enzymes at the amino acid level but the functional differences between them provide a rich source of material for the study of structure/function relationships in this biotechnologically important group of enzymes. This review provides an overview of current understanding of the genetics and biochemistry of this interesting group of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C O'Reilly
- Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Cork Road, Waterford, Ireland.
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