1
|
Sun Y, Zhao L, Cai H, Liu W, Sun T. Composition and factors influencing community structure of lactic acid bacterial in dairy products from Nyingchi Prefecture of Tibet. J Biosci Bioeng 2023; 135:44-53. [PMID: 36384718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the community composition of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from yaks' milk (YM) Tibetan yellow cattle milk (TM) and their fermented products from different counties in the Nyingchi Prefecture, Tibet using Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing. Sequencing revealed 26 genera and 94 species from 71 dairy samples; amongst these Lactobacillus delbrueckii (36.17%), Streptococcus thermophilus (19.46%) and Lactococcus lactis (18.33%) were the predominant species. This study also identified the main factors influencing LAB community composition by comparing amongst samples from different locations, from different milk types, and from different altitudes. The LAB communities in YM and TM were more diverse than in fermented yaks' milk (FYM) and fermented Tibetan yellow cattle milk (FTM) samples. Similarly, whether milk was fermented or not accounted for differences in LAB species composition while altitude of the dairy products had very little effect. Milk source and production process were the most likely causes of drastic shifts in microbial community composition. In addition, fermented dairy products were enriched in genes responsible for secondary metabolic pathways that were potentially beneficial for health. Comprehensive descriptions of the microbiota in different dairy products from the Nyingchi Prefecture, Tibet might help elucidate evolutionary and functional relationships amongst bacterial communities in these products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China; Collaborative Innovative Center of Ministry of Education for Lactic Acid Bacteria and Fermented Dairy Products, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China
| | - Lixia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China; Collaborative Innovative Center of Ministry of Education for Lactic Acid Bacteria and Fermented Dairy Products, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China
| | - Hongyu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China; Collaborative Innovative Center of Ministry of Education for Lactic Acid Bacteria and Fermented Dairy Products, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China; Collaborative Innovative Center of Ministry of Education for Lactic Acid Bacteria and Fermented Dairy Products, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China
| | - Tiansong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China; Collaborative Innovative Center of Ministry of Education for Lactic Acid Bacteria and Fermented Dairy Products, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pérez-Giménez J, Iturralde ET, Torres Tejerizo G, Quelas JI, Krol E, Borassi C, Becker A, Estevez JM, Lodeiro AR. A Stringent-Response-Defective Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens Strain Does Not Activate the Type 3 Secretion System, Elicits an Early Plant Defense Response, and Circumvents NH 4NO 3-Induced Inhibition of Nodulation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e02989-20. [PMID: 33608284 PMCID: PMC8091029 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02989-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
When subjected to nutritional stress, bacteria modify their amino acid metabolism and cell division activities by means of the stringent response, which is controlled by the Rsh protein in alphaproteobacteria. An important group of alphaproteobacteria are the rhizobia, which fix atmospheric N2 in symbiosis with legume plants. Although nutritional stress is common for rhizobia while infecting legume roots, the stringent response has scarcely been studied in this group of soil bacteria. In this report, we obtained a mutant with a kanamycin resistance insertion in the rsh gene of Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens, the N2-fixing symbiont of soybean. This mutant was defective for type 3 secretion system induction, plant defense suppression at early root infection, and nodulation competition. Furthermore, the mutant produced smaller nodules, although with normal morphology, which led to lower plant biomass production. Soybean (Glycine max) genes GmRIC1 and GmRIC2, involved in autoregulation of nodulation, were upregulated in plants inoculated with the mutant under the N-free condition. In addition, when plants were inoculated in the presence of 10 mM NH4NO3, the mutant produced nodules containing bacteroids, and GmRIC1 and GmRIC2 were downregulated. The rsh mutant released more auxin to the culture supernatant than the wild type, which might in part explain its symbiotic behavior in the presence of combined N. These results indicate that the B. diazoefficiens stringent response integrates into the plant defense suppression and regulation of nodulation circuits in soybean, perhaps mediated by the type 3 secretion system.IMPORTANCE The symbiotic N2 fixation carried out between prokaryotic rhizobia and legume plants performs a substantial contribution to the N cycle in the biosphere. This symbiotic association is initiated when rhizobia infect and penetrate the root hairs, which is followed by the growth and development of root nodules, within which the infective rhizobia are established and protected. Thus, the nodule environment allows the expression and function of the enzyme complex that catalyzes N2 fixation. However, during early infection, the rhizobia find a harsh environment while penetrating the root hairs. To cope with this nuisance, the rhizobia mount a stress response known as the stringent response. In turn, the plant regulates nodulation in response to the presence of alternative sources of combined N in the surrounding medium. Control of these processes is crucial for a successful symbiosis, and here we show how the rhizobial stringent response may modulate plant defense suppression and the networks of regulation of nodulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Pérez-Giménez
- IBBM, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, CCT-La Plata CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Esteban T Iturralde
- IBBM, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, CCT-La Plata CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Torres Tejerizo
- IBBM, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, CCT-La Plata CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan Ignacio Quelas
- IBBM, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, CCT-La Plata CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Elizaveta Krol
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Department of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Cecilia Borassi
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anke Becker
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Department of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - José M Estevez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
| | - Aníbal R Lodeiro
- IBBM, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, CCT-La Plata CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gaudu P, Yamamoto Y, Jensen PR, Hammer K, Lechardeur D, Gruss A. Genetics of Lactococci. Microbiol Spectr 2019; 7:10.1128/microbiolspec.gpp3-0035-2018. [PMID: 31298208 PMCID: PMC10957224 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.gpp3-0035-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus lactis is the best characterized species among the lactococci, and among the most consumed food-fermenting bacteria worldwide. Thanks to their importance in industrialized food production, lactococci are among the lead bacteria understood for fundamental metabolic pathways that dictate growth and survival properties. Interestingly, lactococci belong to the Streptococcaceae family, which includes food, commensal and virulent species. As basic metabolic pathways (e.g., respiration, metal homeostasis, nucleotide metabolism) are now understood to underlie virulence, processes elucidated in lactococci could be important for understanding pathogen fitness and synergy between bacteria. This chapter highlights major findings in lactococci and related bacteria, and covers five themes: distinguishing features of lactococci, metabolic capacities including the less known respiration metabolism in Streptococcaceae, factors and pathways modulating stress response and fitness, interbacterial dialogue via metabolites, and novel applications in health and biotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuji Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Cellular Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, 034-8628, Aomori Japan
| | - Peter Ruhdal Jensen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Karin Hammer
- DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu H, Song S, Tian K, Zhou D, Wang B, Liu J, Zhu H, Qiao J. A novel small RNA S042 increases acid tolerance in Lactococcus lactis F44. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:544-549. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
5
|
Srisukchayakul P, Charalampopoulos D, Karatzas KA. Study on the effect of citric acid adaptation toward the subsequent survival of Lactobacillus plantarum NCIMB 8826 in low pH fruit juices during refrigerated storage. Food Res Int 2018; 111:198-204. [PMID: 30007676 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Pre-treatment of stationary phase cells of Lactobacillus plantarum NCMIB 8826 with citric acid (pH 3 to 6) for a short period of time significantly improved subsequent cell survival in several highly acidic fruit juices namely cranberry (pH 2.7), pomegranate (pH 3.5), and lemon & lime juices (pH 2.8). Although the mechanism for this adaptation is still unclear, the analysis of the cellular fatty acid content of acid adapted cells and the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed a significant increase (by ~1.7 fold) of the cellular cyclopropane fatty acid, cis-11,12-methylene octadecanoic acid (C19:0cyclow7c) and a significant upregulation (~12 fold) of cyclopropane synthase (cfa) were observed, respectively, during acid adaptation. It is likely that these changes led to a decrease in membrane fluidity and to lower membrane permeability, which prevents the cells from proton influx during storage in these low pH fruit juices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pornpoj Srisukchayakul
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, PO Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitris Charalampopoulos
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, PO Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Kimon Andreas Karatzas
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, PO Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom; CINN (Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics), University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6BE, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Polak-Berecka M, Kubik-Komar A, Gustaw K, Michalak M, Kazimierczak W, Waśko A. Functional traits of Lactobacillus plantarum from fermented Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. in view of multivariate statistical analysis. Eur Food Res Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-018-3084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
7
|
Loudiyi M, Aït-Kaddour A. Evaluation of the effect of salts on chemical, structural, textural, sensory and heating properties of cheese: Contribution of conventional methods and spectral ones. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:2442-2457. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1455637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Loudiyi
- Université Clermont Auvergne, VetAgro Sup, Lempdes, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR sur le Fromage, UMRF, Aurillac, France
| | - A. Aït-Kaddour
- Université Clermont Auvergne, VetAgro Sup, Lempdes, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR sur le Fromage, UMRF, Aurillac, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Díez L, Solopova A, Fernández-Pérez R, González M, Tenorio C, Kuipers OP, Ruiz-Larrea F. Transcriptome analysis shows activation of the arginine deiminase pathway in Lactococcus lactis as a response to ethanol stress. Int J Food Microbiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
9
|
Bosma EF, Forster J, Nielsen AT. Lactobacilli and pediococci as versatile cell factories - Evaluation of strain properties and genetic tools. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:419-442. [PMID: 28396124 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses opportunities and bottlenecks for cell factory development of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), with an emphasis on lactobacilli and pediococci, their metabolism and genetic tools. In order to enable economically feasible bio-based production of chemicals and fuels in a biorefinery, the choice of product, substrate and production organism is important. Currently, the most frequently used production hosts include Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but promising examples are available of alternative hosts such as LAB. Particularly lactobacilli and pediococci can offer benefits such as thermotolerance, an extended substrate range and increased tolerance to stresses such as low pH or high alcohol concentrations. This review will evaluate the properties and metabolism of these organisms, and provide an overview of their current biotechnological applications and metabolic engineering. We substantiate the review by including experimental results from screening various lactobacilli and pediococci for transformability, growth temperature range and ability to grow under biotechnologically relevant stress conditions. Since availability of efficient genetic engineering tools is a crucial prerequisite for industrial strain development, genetic tool development is extensively discussed. A range of genetic tools exist for Lactococcus lactis, but for other species of LAB like lactobacilli and pediococci such tools are less well developed. Whereas lactobacilli and pediococci have a long history of use in food and beverage fermentation, their use as platform organisms for production purposes is rather new. By harnessing their properties such as thermotolerance and stress resistance, and by using emerging high-throughput genetic tools, these organisms are very promising as versatile cell factories for biorefinery applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elleke F Bosma
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet B220, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jochen Forster
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet B220, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alex Toftgaard Nielsen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet B220, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Weidmann S, Maitre M, Laurent J, Coucheney F, Rieu A, Guzzo J. Production of the small heat shock protein Lo18 from Oenococcus oeni in Lactococcus lactis improves its stress tolerance. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 247:18-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
11
|
Dijkstra AR, Alkema W, Starrenburg MJC, Hugenholtz J, van Hijum SAFT, Bron PA. Strain-Dependent Transcriptome Signatures for Robustness in Lactococcus lactis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167944. [PMID: 27973578 PMCID: PMC5156439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we demonstrated that fermentation conditions have a strong impact on subsequent survival of Lactococcus lactis strain MG1363 during heat and oxidative stress, two important parameters during spray drying. Moreover, employment of a transcriptome-phenotype matching approach revealed groups of genes associated with robustness towards heat and/or oxidative stress. To investigate if other strains have similar or distinct transcriptome signatures for robustness, we applied an identical transcriptome-robustness phenotype matching approach on the L. lactis strains IL1403, KF147 and SK11, which have previously been demonstrated to display highly diverse robustness phenotypes. These strains were subjected to an identical fermentation regime as was performed earlier for strain MG1363 and consisted of twelve conditions, varying in the level of salt and/or oxygen, as well as fermentation temperature and pH. In the exponential phase of growth, cells were harvested for transcriptome analysis and assessment of heat and oxidative stress survival phenotypes. The variation in fermentation conditions resulted in differences in heat and oxidative stress survival of up to five 10-log units. Effects of the fermentation conditions on stress survival of the L. lactis strains were typically strain-dependent, although the fermentation conditions had mainly similar effects on the growth characteristics of the different strains. By association of the transcriptomes and robustness phenotypes highly strain-specific transcriptome signatures for robustness towards heat and oxidative stress were identified, indicating that multiple mechanisms exist to increase robustness and, as a consequence, robustness of each strain requires individual optimization. However, a relatively small overlap in the transcriptome responses of the strains was also identified and this generic transcriptome signature included genes previously associated with stress (ctsR and lplL) and novel genes, including nanE and genes encoding transport proteins. The transcript levels of these genes can function as indicators of robustness and could aid in selection of fermentation parameters, potentially resulting in more optimal robustness during spray drying.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annereinou R. Dijkstra
- Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentation, GA Delft, The Netherlands
- NIZO food research, BA Ede, The Netherlands
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Science Park 904, XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wynand Alkema
- Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentation, GA Delft, The Netherlands
- NIZO food research, BA Ede, The Netherlands
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboudumc, HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jeroen Hugenholtz
- Universiteit van Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Science Park 904, XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Sacha A. F. T. van Hijum
- Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentation, GA Delft, The Netherlands
- NIZO food research, BA Ede, The Netherlands
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboudumc, HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- TI Food & Nutrition, Nieuwe Kanaal 9A, PA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A. Bron
- Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentation, GA Delft, The Netherlands
- NIZO food research, BA Ede, The Netherlands
- TI Food & Nutrition, Nieuwe Kanaal 9A, PA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Phytate-degrading activity of probiotic bacteria exposed to simulated gastrointestinal fluids. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
13
|
Laroute V, Yasaro C, Narin W, Mazzoli R, Pessione E, Cocaign-Bousquet M, Loubière P. GABA Production in Lactococcus lactis Is Enhanced by Arginine and Co-addition of Malate. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1050. [PMID: 27458444 PMCID: PMC4934118 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus lactis NCDO 2118 was previously selected for its ability to decarboxylate glutamate to γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an interesting nutritional supplement able to improve mood and relaxation. Amino acid decarboxylation is generally considered as among the biochemical systems allowing lactic acid bacteria to counteracting acidic stress and obtaining metabolic energy. These strategies also include arginine deiminase pathway and malolactic fermentation but little is known about their possible interactions of with GABA production. In the present study, the effects of glutamate, arginine, and malate (i.e., the substrates of these acid-resistance pathways) on L. lactis NCDO 2118 growth and GABA production performances were analyzed. Both malate and arginine supplementation resulted in an efficient reduction of acidity and improvement of bacterial biomass compared to glutamate supplementation. Glutamate decarboxylation was limited to narrow environmental conditions (pH < 5.1) and physiological state (stationary phase). However, some conditions were able to improve GABA production or activate glutamate decarboxylation system even outside of this compass. Arginine clearly stimulated glutamate decarboxylation: the highest GABA production (8.6 mM) was observed in cultures supplemented with both arginine and glutamate. The simultaneous addition of arginine, malate, and glutamate enabled earlier GABA production (i.e., during exponential growth) at relatively high pH (6.5). As far as we know, no previous study has reported GABA production in such conditions. Although further studies are needed to understand the molecular basis of these phenomena, these results represent important keys suitable of application in GABA production processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Laroute
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Systéms Biologiques et des Procédés, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, ToulouseFrance
| | - Chonthicha Yasaro
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Systéms Biologiques et des Procédés, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, ToulouseFrance
| | - Waranya Narin
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Systéms Biologiques et des Procédés, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, ToulouseFrance
| | - Roberto Mazzoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di TorinoTurin, Italy
| | - Enrica Pessione
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di TorinoTurin, Italy
| | - Muriel Cocaign-Bousquet
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Systéms Biologiques et des Procédés, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, ToulouseFrance
| | - Pascal Loubière
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Systéms Biologiques et des Procédés, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, ToulouseFrance
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Solopova A, Formosa-Dague C, Courtin P, Furlan S, Veiga P, Péchoux C, Armalyte J, Sadauskas M, Kok J, Hols P, Dufrêne YF, Kuipers OP, Chapot-Chartier MP, Kulakauskas S. Regulation of Cell Wall Plasticity by Nucleotide Metabolism in Lactococcus lactis. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:11323-36. [PMID: 27022026 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.714303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To ensure optimal cell growth and separation and to adapt to environmental parameters, bacteria have to maintain a balance between cell wall (CW) rigidity and flexibility. This can be achieved by a concerted action of peptidoglycan (PG) hydrolases and PG-synthesizing/modifying enzymes. In a search for new regulatory mechanisms responsible for the maintenance of this equilibrium in Lactococcus lactis, we isolated mutants that are resistant to the PG hydrolase lysozyme. We found that 14% of the causative mutations were mapped in the guaA gene, the product of which is involved in purine metabolism. Genetic and transcriptional analyses combined with PG structure determination of the guaA mutant enabled us to reveal the pivotal role of the pyrB gene in the regulation of CW rigidity. Our results indicate that conversion of l-aspartate (l-Asp) to N-carbamoyl-l-aspartate by PyrB may reduce the amount of l-Asp available for PG synthesis and thus cause the appearance of Asp/Asn-less stem peptides in PG. Such stem peptides do not form PG cross-bridges, resulting in a decrease in PG cross-linking and, consequently, reduced PG thickness and rigidity. We hypothesize that the concurrent utilization of l-Asp for pyrimidine and PG synthesis may be part of the regulatory scheme, ensuring CW flexibility during exponential growth and rigidity in stationary phase. The fact that l-Asp availability is dependent on nucleotide metabolism, which is tightly regulated in accordance with the growth rate, provides L. lactis cells the means to ensure optimal CW plasticity without the need to control the expression of PG synthesis genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Solopova
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cécile Formosa-Dague
- Institute of Life Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-5, bte L7.07.06., B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, and
| | | | | | | | - Christine Péchoux
- Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | | | - Jan Kok
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Hols
- Institute of Life Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-5, bte L7.07.06., B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, and
| | - Yves F Dufrêne
- Institute of Life Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-5, bte L7.07.06., B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, and
| | - Oscar P Kuipers
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ming H, Xu D, Guo Z, Liu Y. Adaptive Evolution of Lactobacillus casei under Acidic Conditions Enhances Multiple-stress Tolerance. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.22.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Ming
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering
| | | | - Zhi Guo
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering
| | - Yumeng Liu
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kang CH, Jeon H, Shin Y, Kwon YJ, So JS. Heat adaptation improves viability of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis HE-1 after heat stress. Food Sci Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-015-0238-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
|
17
|
Prediction and identification of an acid-inducible promoter from Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris MG1363. Food Sci Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-015-0227-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
|
18
|
Causes of upregulation of glycolysis in lymphocytes upon stimulation. A comparison with other cell types. Biochimie 2015; 118:185-94. [PMID: 26382968 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we revisit the metabolic shift from respiration to glycolysis in lymphocytes upon activation, which is known as the Warburg effect in tumour cells. We compare the situation in lymphocytes with those in several other cell types, such as muscle cells, Kupffer cells, microglia cells, astrocytes, stem cells, tumour cells and various unicellular organisms (e.g. yeasts). We critically discuss and compare several explanations put forward in the literature for the observation that proliferating cells adopt this apparently less efficient pathway: hypoxia, poisoning of competitors by end products, higher ATP production rate, higher precursor supply, regulatory effects, and avoiding harmful effects (e.g. by reactive oxygen species). We conclude that in the case of lymphocytes, increased ATP production rate and precursor supply are the main advantages of upregulating glycolysis.
Collapse
|
19
|
Gagnaire V, Jardin J, Rabah H, Briard-Bion V, Jan G. Emmental Cheese Environment Enhances Propionibacterium freudenreichii Stress Tolerance. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135780. [PMID: 26275229 PMCID: PMC4537189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dairy propionibacteria are actinomycetales found in various fermented food products. The main species, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, is generally recognized as safe and used both as probiotic and as cheese starter. Its probiotic efficacy tightly depends on its tolerance towards digestive stresses, which can be largely modulated by the ingested delivery vehicle. Indeed, tolerance of this bacterium is enhanced when it is consumed within a fermented dairy product, compared to a dried probiotic preparation. We investigated both stress tolerance and protein neosynthesis upon growth in i) chemically defined or ii) aqueous phase of Emmental cheeses. Although the same final population level was reached in both media, a slower growth and an enhanced survival of CIRM BIA 1 strain of P. freudenreichii subsp. shermanii was observed in Emmental juice, compared to chemically defined medium. This was accompanied by differences in substrates used and products released as well as overexpression of various early stress adaptation proteins in Emmental juice, compared to chemically defined medium, implied in protein folding, in aspartate catabolism, in biosynthesis of valine, leucine and isoleucine, in pyruvate metabolism in citrate cycle, in the propionate metabolism, as well as in oxidoreductases. All these changes led to a higher digestive stress tolerance after growth in Emmental juice. Mechanisms of stress adaptation were induced in this environment, in accordance with enhanced survival. This opens perspectives for the use of hard and semi-hard cheeses as delivery vehicle for probiotics with enhanced efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Gagnaire
- INRA, UMR1253 STLO, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France
- AGROCAMPUS OUEST, UMR1253 STLO, Rennes, France
| | - Julien Jardin
- INRA, UMR1253 STLO, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France
- AGROCAMPUS OUEST, UMR1253 STLO, Rennes, France
| | - Houem Rabah
- INRA, UMR1253 STLO, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France
- AGROCAMPUS OUEST, UMR1253 STLO, Rennes, France
| | - Valérie Briard-Bion
- INRA, UMR1253 STLO, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France
- AGROCAMPUS OUEST, UMR1253 STLO, Rennes, France
| | - Gwénaël Jan
- INRA, UMR1253 STLO, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France
- AGROCAMPUS OUEST, UMR1253 STLO, Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Effect of Pre-Stressing on the Acid-Stress Response in Bifidobacterium Revealed Using Proteomic and Physiological Approaches. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117702. [PMID: 25689631 PMCID: PMC4331358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Weak acid resistance limits the application of Bifidobacteria as a probiotic in food. The acid tolerance response (ATR), caused by pre-stressing cells at a sublethal pH, could improve the acid resistance of Bifidobacteria to subsequent acid stress. In this study, we used Bifidobacterium longum sub. longum BBMN68 to investigate the effect of the ATR on the acid stress response (ASR), and compared the difference between the ATR and the ASR by analyzing the two-dimensional-PAGE protein profiles and performing physiological tests. The results revealed that a greater abundance of proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism and protein protection was present after the ASR than after the ATR in Bifidobacterium. Pre-stressing cells increased the abundance of proteins involved in energy production, amino acid metabolism, and peptidoglycan synthesis during the ASR of Bifidobacterium. Moreover, after the ASR, the content of ATP, NH3, thiols, and peptidoglycan, the activity of H+-ATPase, and the maintenance of the intracellular pH in the pre-stressed Bifidobacterium cells was significantly higher than in the uninduced cells. These results provide the first explanation as to why the resistance of Bifidobacterium to acid stress improved after pre-stressing.
Collapse
|
21
|
Early adaptation to oxygen is key to the industrially important traits of Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris during milk fermentation. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:1054. [PMID: 25467604 PMCID: PMC4289295 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lactococcus lactis is the most used species in the dairy industry. Its ability to adapt to technological stresses, such as oxidative stress encountered during stirring in the first stages of the cheese-making process, is a key factor to measure its technological performance. This study aimed to understand the response to oxidative stress of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris MG1363 at the transcriptional and metabolic levels in relation to acidification kinetics and growth conditions, especially at an early stage of growth. For those purposes, conditions of hyper-oxygenation were initially fixed for the fermentation. Results Kinetics of growth and acidification were not affected by the presence of oxygen, indicating a high resistance to oxygen of the L. lactis MG1363 strain. Its resistance was explained by an efficient consumption of oxygen within the first 4 hours of culture, leading to a drop of the redox potential. The efficient consumption of oxygen by the L. lactis MG1363 strain was supported by a coherent and early adaptation to oxygen after 1 hour of culture at both gene expression and metabolic levels. In oxygen metabolism, the over-expression of all the genes of the nrd (ribonucleotide reductases) operon or fhu (ferrichrome ABC transports) genes was particularly significant. In carbon metabolism, the presence of oxygen led to an early shift at the gene level in the pyruvate pathway towards the acetate/2,3-butanediol pathway confirmed by the kinetics of metabolite production. Finally, the MG1363 strain was no longer able to consume oxygen in the stationary growth phase, leading to a drastic loss of culturability as a consequence of cumulative stresses and the absence of gene adaptation at this stage. Conclusions Combining metabolic and transcriptomic profiling, together with oxygen consumption kinetics, yielded new insights into the whole genome adaptation of L. lactis to initial oxidative stress. An early and transitional adaptation to oxidative stress was revealed for L. lactis subsp. cremoris MG1363 in the presence of initially high levels of oxygen. This enables the cells to maintain key traits that are of great importance for industry, such as rapid acidification and reduction of the redox potential of the growth media. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-1054) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang M, Chen J, Zhang J, Du G. The effects of RecO deficiency in Lactococcus lactis NZ9000 on resistance to multiple environmental stresses. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:3125-3133. [PMID: 24648035 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple stresses could cause damage to DNA and other macromolecules. RecO, belonging to the family of DNA repair proteins, plays an important part in homologous recombination and replication repair. In order to explore the role of RecO in overcoming multiple stresses, a mutant of recO deletion is constructed in Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris NZ9000. RESULTS Compared with the mutant strain, the original strain L. lactis NZ9000 shows better performance in growth under multiple stresses. The survival rates of the original strain under acid, osmotic and chill stresses are 13.49-, 2.78- and 60.89-fold higher. In our deeper research on fermentation capability under osmotic stress, lactate dehydrogenase activity after 8 h fermentation, maximum lactate acid production, lactate yield and maximum lactate productivity of L. lactis NZ9000 are 1.63-, 1.28-, 1.28- and 1.5-fold higher, respectively. CONCLUSION Results indicate that RecO has positively improved the survival of L. lactis NZ9000, protected its key enzymes and enhanced its fermentation efficiencies. Our research confirms the role of RecO in enhancing tolerances to multiple stresses of L. lactis NZ9000, and puts forward the suggestion that RecO could be used in other industrial microorganisms as a new anti-stress component to improve their resistance to various stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ryssel M, Hviid AMM, Dawish MS, Haaber J, Hammer K, Martinussen J, Kilstrup M. Multi-stress resistance in Lactococcus lactis is actually escape from purine-induced stress sensitivity. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2014; 160:2551-2559. [PMID: 25143058 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.082586-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Multi-stress resistance is a widely documented and fascinating phenotype of lactococci where single mutations, preferentially in genes involved in nucleotide metabolism and phosphate uptake, result in elevated tolerance to multiple stresses simultaneously. In this report, we have analysed the metabolic basis behind this multi-stress-resistance phenotype in Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris MG1363 using acid stress as a model of multi-stress resistance. Surprisingly, we found that L. lactis MG1363 is fully resistant to pH 3.0 in the chemically defined SA medium, contrary to its sensitivity in the rich and complex M17 medium. When salvage of purines and subsequent conversion to GTP was permitted in various genetic backgrounds of L. lactis MG1363, the cells became sensitive to acid stress, indicating that an excess of guanine nucleotides induces stress sensitivity. The addition of phosphate to the acid-stress medium increased the stress sensitivity of L. lactis MG1363. It is also shown that high intracellular guanine nucleotide pools confer increased sensitivity to high temperatures, thus showing that it is indeed a multi-stress phenotype. Our analysis suggests that an increased level of guanine nucleotides is formed as a result of an improved conversion of guanosine in the salvage pathway. Based upon our findings, we suggest that L. lactis MG1363 is naturally multi-stress resistant in habitats devoid of any purine source. However, any exogenous purine that results in increased guanine nucleotide pools renders the bacterium sensitive to environmental stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mia Ryssel
- Department of Food Science, Food Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Anne-Mette Meisner Hviid
- Metabolic Signaling and Regulation Group, DTU Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mohamed S Dawish
- Metabolic Signaling and Regulation Group, DTU Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jakob Haaber
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Karin Hammer
- Metabolic Signaling and Regulation Group, DTU Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jan Martinussen
- Metabolic Signaling and Regulation Group, DTU Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mogens Kilstrup
- Metabolic Signaling and Regulation Group, DTU Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
McMahon D, Oberg C, Drake M, Farkye N, Moyes L, Arnold M, Ganesan B, Steele J, Broadbent J. Effect of sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium salt cations on pH, proteolysis, organic acids, and microbial populations during storage of full-fat Cheddar cheese. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:4780-98. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
25
|
Ganesan B, Weimer B, Pinzon J, Dao Kong N, Rompato G, Brothersen C, McMahon D. Probiotic bacteria survive in Cheddar cheese and modify populations of other lactic acid bacteria. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 116:1642-56. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Ganesan
- Dairy Technology and Innovation Laboratory; Western Dairy Center; Utah State University; Logan UT USA
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences; Utah State University; Logan UT USA
| | - B.C. Weimer
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction; University of California; Davis CA USA
| | - J. Pinzon
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction; University of California; Davis CA USA
| | - N. Dao Kong
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction; University of California; Davis CA USA
| | - G. Rompato
- Center for Integrated BioSystems; Utah State University; Logan UT USA
| | - C. Brothersen
- Dairy Technology and Innovation Laboratory; Western Dairy Center; Utah State University; Logan UT USA
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences; Utah State University; Logan UT USA
| | - D.J. McMahon
- Dairy Technology and Innovation Laboratory; Western Dairy Center; Utah State University; Logan UT USA
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences; Utah State University; Logan UT USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
From physiology to systems metabolic engineering for the production of biochemicals by lactic acid bacteria. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:764-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
27
|
Determination of optimal conditions for γ-aminobutyric acid production by Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis. Int Dairy J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
28
|
Carvalho AL, Turner DL, Fonseca LL, Solopova A, Catarino T, Kuipers OP, Voit EO, Neves AR, Santos H. Metabolic and transcriptional analysis of acid stress in Lactococcus lactis, with a focus on the kinetics of lactic acid pools. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68470. [PMID: 23844205 PMCID: PMC3700934 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of pH on the glucose metabolism of non-growing cells of L. lactis MG1363 was studied by in vivo NMR in the range 4.8 to 6.5. Immediate pH effects on glucose transporters and/or enzyme activities were distinguished from transcriptional/translational effects by using cells grown at the optimal pH of 6.5 or pre-adjusted to low pH by growth at 5.1. In cells grown at pH 5.1, glucose metabolism proceeds at a rate 35% higher than in non-adjusted cells at the same pH. Besides the upregulation of stress-related genes (such as dnaK and groEL), cells adjusted to low pH overexpressed H(+)-ATPase subunits as well as glycolytic genes. At sub-optimal pHs, the total intracellular pool of lactic acid reached approximately 500 mM in cells grown at optimal pH and about 700 mM in cells grown at pH 5.1. These high levels, together with good pH homeostasis (internal pH always above 6), imply intracellular accumulation of the ionized form of lactic acid (lactate anion), and the concomitant export of the equivalent protons. The average number, n, of protons exported with each lactate anion was determined directly from the kinetics of accumulation of intra- and extracellular lactic acid as monitored online by (13)C-NMR. In cells non-adjusted to low pH, n varies between 2 and 1 during glucose consumption, suggesting an inhibitory effect of intracellular lactate on proton export. We confirmed that extracellular lactate did not affect the lactate: proton stoichiometry. In adjusted cells, n was lower and varied less, indicating a different mix of lactic acid exporters less affected by the high level of intracellular lactate. A qualitative model for pH effects and acid stress adaptation is proposed on the basis of these results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lúcia Carvalho
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - David L. Turner
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Luís L. Fonseca
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- Integrative BioSystems Institute and the Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ana Solopova
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands
| | - Teresa Catarino
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Oscar P. Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands
| | - Eberhard O. Voit
- Integrative BioSystems Institute and the Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ana Rute Neves
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Helena Santos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jung JY, Lee SH, Jin HM, Hahn Y, Madsen EL, Jeon CO. Metatranscriptomic analysis of lactic acid bacterial gene expression during kimchi fermentation. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 163:171-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
30
|
Jin J, Zhang B, Guo H, Cui J, Jiang L, Song S, Sun M, Ren F. Mechanism analysis of acid tolerance response of bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum BBMN 68 by gene expression profile using RNA-sequencing. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50777. [PMID: 23236393 PMCID: PMC3517610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To analyze the mechanism of the acid tolerance response (ATR) in Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum BBMN68, we optimized the acid-adaptation condition to stimulate ATR effectively and analyzed the change of gene expression profile after acid-adaptation using high-throughput RNA-Seq. After acid-adaptation at pH 4.5 for 2 hours, the survival rate of BBMN68 at lethal pH 3.5 for 120 min was increased by 70 fold and the expression of 293 genes were upregulated by more than 2 fold, and 245 genes were downregulated by more than 2 fold. Gene expression profiling of ATR in BBMN68 suggested that, when the bacteria faced acid stress, the cells strengthened the integrity of cell wall and changed the permeability of membrane to keep the H+ from entering. Once the H+ entered the cytoplasm, the cells showed four main responses: First, the F0F1-ATPase system was initiated to discharge H+. Second, the ability to produce NH3 by cysteine-cystathionine-cycle was strengthened to neutralize excess H+. Third, the cells started NER-UVR and NER-VSR systems to minimize the damage to DNA and upregulated HtpX, IbpA, and γ-glutamylcysteine production to protect proteins against damage. Fourth, the cells initiated global response signals ((p)ppGpp, polyP, and Sec-SRP) to bring the whole cell into a state of response to the stress. The cells also secreted the quorum sensing signal (AI-2) to communicate between intraspecies cells by the cellular signal system, such as two-component systems, to improve the overall survival rate. Besides, the cells varied the pathways of producing energy by shifting to BCAA metabolism and enhanced the ability to utilize sugar to supply sufficient energy for the operation of the mechanism mentioned above. Based on these reults, it was inferred that, during industrial applications, the acid resistance of bifidobacteria could be improved by adding BCAA, γ-glutamylcysteine, cysteine, and cystathionine into the acid-stress environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Jin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Core Genomic Facility, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Health and Food Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhui Song
- Core Genomic Facility, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Sun
- Core Genomic Facility, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Health and Food Safety, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Survival and retention of the probiotic properties of Bacillus sp. strains under marine stress starvation conditions and their potential use as a probiotic in Artemia culture. Res Vet Sci 2012; 93:1151-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
32
|
Araque I, Bordons A, Reguant C. Effect of ethanol and low pH on citrulline and ornithine excretion and arc gene expression by strains of Lactobacillus brevis and Pediococcus pentosaceus. Food Microbiol 2012; 33:107-13. [PMID: 23122508 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of citrulline and ornithine in wine or beer as a result of the arginine catabolism of some lactic acid bacteria (LAB) species increases the risk of ethyl carbamate and putrescine formation, respectively. Several LAB species, which are found as spoilage bacteria in alcoholic beverages, have been reported to be arginine degrading. This study evaluates the effect of ethanol content and low pH on the excretion of citrulline and ornithine by two strains belonging to the potential contaminant species Lactobacillus brevis and Pediococcus pentosaceus. In the conditions that most affected cell viability, arginine consumption per cell increased noticeably, indicating that arginine utilization may be a stress responsive mechanism. L. brevis showed a higher accumulation of ornithine in the media than P. pentosaceus. In the presence of ethanol, a higher expression of the arcC gene was found in P. pentosaceus, which resulted in a lower excretion of citrulline and ornithine than in L. brevis. This suggests that L. brevis is more likely to produce these amino acids, which are precursors of ethyl carbamate and putrescine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Araque
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades N4, C. Marcel.lí Domingo 1, Tarragona 43007, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lo Curto A, Pitino I, Mandalari G, Dainty JR, Faulks RM, John Wickham MS. Survival of probiotic lactobacilli in the upper gastrointestinal tract using an in vitro gastric model of digestion. Food Microbiol 2011; 28:1359-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2011.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
34
|
Marreddy RKR, Pinto JPC, Wolters JC, Geertsma ER, Fusetti F, Permentier HP, Kuipers OP, Kok J, Poolman B. The response of Lactococcus lactis to membrane protein production. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24060. [PMID: 21904605 PMCID: PMC3164122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biogenesis of membrane proteins is more complex than that of water-soluble proteins, and recombinant expression of membrane proteins in functional form and in amounts high enough for structural and functional studies is often problematic. To better engineer cells towards efficient protein production, we set out to understand and compare the cellular consequences of the overproduction of both classes of proteins in Lactococcus lactis, employing a combined proteomics and transcriptomics approach. METHODOLOGY AND FINDINGS Highly overproduced and poorly expressed membrane proteins both resulted in severe growth defects, whereas amplified levels of a soluble substrate receptor had no effect. In addition, membrane protein overproduction evoked a general stress response (upregulation of various chaperones and proteases), which is probably due to accumulation of misfolded protein. Notably, upon the expression of membrane proteins a cell envelope stress response, controlled by the two-component regulatory CesSR system, was observed. CONCLUSIONS The physiological response of L. lactis to the overproduction of several membrane proteins was determined and compared to that of a soluble protein, thus offering better understanding of the bottlenecks related to membrane protein production and valuable knowledge for subsequent strain engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi K. R. Marreddy
- Department of Biochemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Netherlands Proteomics Centre & Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joao P. C. Pinto
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Justina C. Wolters
- Department of Biochemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Netherlands Proteomics Centre & Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eric R. Geertsma
- Department of Biochemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Netherlands Proteomics Centre & Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fabrizia Fusetti
- Department of Biochemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Netherlands Proteomics Centre & Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hjalmar P. Permentier
- Department of Biochemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Netherlands Proteomics Centre & Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar P. Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Kok
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bert Poolman
- Department of Biochemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Netherlands Proteomics Centre & Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Changes in ffh, uvrA, groES and dnaK mRNA Abundance as a Function of Acid-Adaptation and Growth Phase in Bifidobacterium longum BBMN68 Isolated from Healthy Centenarians. Curr Microbiol 2010; 62:612-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-010-9751-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
36
|
Pessione A, Lamberti C, Pessione E. Proteomics as a tool for studying energy metabolism in lactic acid bacteria. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2010; 6:1419-30. [PMID: 20505866 DOI: 10.1039/c001948h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are very ancient organisms that can't obtain metabolic energy by respiration without external heme supplementation. Since the gain in ATP from lactic fermentation is inadequate to support efficient growth, they developed alternative strategies for energy production. Three main energy generating routes are present in LAB: amino acid decarboxylation, malate decarboxylation and arginine deimination (ADI pathway). These routes, apart from supplying energy, also play a role in pH control. Lactic fermentation, which leads to lactic acid accumulation, causes a pH decrease that amino acid decarboxylations, originating basic amines, and the ADI pathway, giving rise to ammonia, may partially contrast. In the present mini-review, the reciprocal relationships among these metabolic pathways are considered, on the basis of proteomic results obtained from four different LAB strains, all of which possess the ADI pathway, but express different amino acid decarboxylases. The strains have been isolated and selected from different habitats and the role of some inducing molecules as well as of the growth phases is discussed. The overall results have revealed that LAB are complex biosystems able to set up a sophisticated metabolic regulation through a complex network of proteins that also include stress responses, as well as protease activation or inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pessione
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e dell'Uomo, Università di Torino, via Accademia Albertina 13, Torino, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Waddington L, Cyr T, Hefford M, Hansen LT, Kalmokoff M. Understanding the acid tolerance response of bifidobacteria. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 108:1408-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04540.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
38
|
Effect of stress pretreatment on survival of probiotic bacteria in gastrointestinal tract simulator. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 86:1925-31. [PMID: 20107984 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2429-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The effect of stress pretreatment on survival of probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, and Lactobacillus fermentum ME-3 cultures was investigated in the single bioreactor gastrointestinal tract simulator (GITS). The cultures were pregrown in pH-auxostat, subjected to temperature, acid, or bile stress treatment, fast frozen in liquid nitrogen (LN(2)), and tested for survival in GITS. After LN(2) freezing the colony forming ability of L. rhamnosus GG and L. fermentum ME-3 nonstressed and stressed cells was well retained (average survival of 75.4 +/- 18.3% and 88.0 +/- 7.2%, respectively). L. acidophilus La-5 strain showed good survival of auxostat nonstressed cells after fast freezing (94.2 +/- 15.0), however the survival of stress pretreated cells was considerably lower (30.8 +/- 8.5%). All LN(2) frozen auxostat cultures survived well in the acid phase of the GIT simulation (survival 81 +/- 21%); however, after the bile phase, the colony formation ability of L. acidophilus La-5, L. rhamnosus GG, and L. fermentum ME-3 decreased by approximately 1.4 +/- 0.2, 3.8 +/- 0.3, and 3.5 +/- 1.2 logarithmic units, respectively. No statistically relevant positive effect of stress pretreatments on survival of LN(2) frozen L. acidophilus La-5, L. rhamnosus GG, and L. fermentum ME-3 in GITS was observed.
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Li Y. Understanding the industrial application potential of lactic acid bacteria through genomics. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 83:597-610. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Revised: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 05/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
40
|
Bidnenko E, Chopin A, Ehrlich SD, Chopin MC. Activation of mRNA translation by phage protein and low temperature: the case of Lactococcus lactis abortive infection system AbiD1. BMC Mol Biol 2009; 10:4. [PMID: 19173723 PMCID: PMC2661086 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-10-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2008] [Accepted: 01/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Abortive infection (Abi) mechanisms comprise numerous strategies developed by bacteria to avoid being killed by bacteriophage (phage). Escherichia coli Abis are considered as mediators of programmed cell death, which is induced by infecting phage. Abis were also proposed to be stress response elements, but no environmental activation signals have yet been identified. Abis are widespread in Lactococcus lactis, but regulation of their expression remains an open question. We previously showed that development of AbiD1 abortive infection against phage bIL66 depends on orf1, which is expressed in mid-infection. However, molecular basis for this activation remains unclear. Results In non-infected AbiD1+ cells, specific abiD1 mRNA is unstable and present in low amounts. It does not increase during abortive infection of sensitive phage. Protein synthesis directed by the abiD1 translation initiation region is also inefficient. The presence of the phage orf1 gene, but not its mutant AbiD1R allele, strongly increases abiD1 translation efficiency. Interestingly, cell growth at low temperature also activates translation of abiD1 mRNA and consequently the AbiD1 phenotype, and occurs independently of phage infection. There is no synergism between the two abiD1 inducers. Purified Orf1 protein binds mRNAs containing a secondary structure motif, identified within the translation initiation regions of abiD1, the mid-infection phage bIL66 M-operon, and the L. lactis osmC gene. Conclusion Expression of the abiD1 gene and consequently AbiD1 phenotype is specifically translationally activated by the phage Orf1 protein. The loss of ability to activate translation of abiD1 mRNA determines the molecular basis for phage resistance to AbiD1. We show for the first time that temperature downshift also activates abortive infection by activation of abiD1 mRNA translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bidnenko
- Laboratoire de Génétique Microbienne, INRA, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Papadimitriou K, Boutou E, Zoumpopoulou G, Tarantilis PA, Polissiou M, Vorgias CE, Tsakalidou E. RNA arbitrarily primed PCR and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy reveal plasticity in the acid tolerance response of Streptococcus macedonicus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74:6068-76. [PMID: 18689510 PMCID: PMC2565966 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00315-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2008] [Accepted: 08/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that an acid tolerance response (ATR) can be induced in Streptococcus macedonicus cells at mid-log phase after autoacidification, transient exposure to acidic pH, or acid habituation, as well as at stationary phase. Here, we compared the transcriptional profiles of these epigenetic phenotypes, by RNA arbitrarily primed PCR (RAP-PCR), and their whole-cell chemical compositions, by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). RAP-PCR fingerprints revealed significant differences among the phenotypes, indicating that gene expression during the ATR is influenced not only by the growth phase but also by the treatments employed to induce the response. The genes coding for the mannose-specific IID component, the 1,2-diacylglycerol 3-glucosyltransferase, the 3-oxoacyl-acyl carrier protein, the large subunit of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase, and a hypothetical protein were found to be induced at least under some of the acid-adapting conditions. Furthermore, principal component analysis of the second-derivative-transformed FT-IR spectra segregated S. macedonicus phenotypes individually in all spectral regions that are characteristic for major cellular constituents like the polysaccharides of the cell wall, fatty acids of the cell membrane, proteins, and other compounds that absorb in these regions. These findings provide evidence for major changes in cellular composition due to acid adaptation that were clearly different to some extent among the phenotypes. Overall, our data demonstrate the plasticity in the ATR of S. macedonicus, which reflects the inherent ability of the bacterium to adjust the response to the distinctiveness of the imposed stress condition, probably to maximize its adaptability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Papadimitriou
- Laboratory of Dairy Research, Department of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
The ABC-type multidrug resistance transporter LmrCD is responsible for an extrusion-based mechanism of bile acid resistance in Lactococcus lactis. J Bacteriol 2008; 190:7357-66. [PMID: 18790870 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00485-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon prolonged exposure to cholate and other toxic compounds, Lactococcus lactis develops a multidrug resistance phenotype that has been attributed to an elevated expression of the heterodimeric ABC-type multidrug transporter LmrCD. To investigate the molecular basis of bile acid resistance in L. lactis and to evaluate the contribution of efflux-based mechanisms in this process, the drug-sensitive L. lactis NZ9000 DeltalmrCD strain was challenged with cholate. A resistant strain was obtained that, compared to the parental strain, showed (i) significantly improved resistance toward several bile acids but not to drugs, (ii) morphological changes, and (iii) an altered susceptibility to antimicrobial peptides. Transcriptome and transport analyses suggest that the acquired resistance is unrelated to elevated transport activity but, instead, results from a multitude of stress responses, changes to the cell envelope, and metabolic changes. In contrast, wild-type cells induce the expression of lmrCD upon exposure to cholate, whereupon the cholate is actively extruded from the cells. Together, these data suggest a central role for an efflux-based mechanism in bile acid resistance and implicate LmrCD as the main system responsible in L. lactis.
Collapse
|
43
|
Dressaire C, Redon E, Milhem H, Besse P, Loubière P, Cocaign-Bousquet M. Growth rate regulated genes and their wide involvement in the Lactococcus lactis stress responses. BMC Genomics 2008; 9:343. [PMID: 18644113 PMCID: PMC2526093 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-9-343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2008] [Accepted: 07/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The development of transcriptomic tools has allowed exhaustive description of stress responses. These responses always superimpose a general response associated to growth rate decrease and a specific one corresponding to the stress. The exclusive growth rate response can be achieved through chemostat cultivation, enabling all parameters to remain constant except the growth rate. Results We analysed metabolic and transcriptomic responses of Lactococcus lactis in continuous cultures at different growth rates ranging from 0.09 to 0.47 h-1. Growth rate was conditioned by isoleucine supply. Although carbon metabolism was constant and homolactic, a widespread transcriptomic response involving 30% of the genome was observed. The expression of genes encoding physiological functions associated with biogenesis increased with growth rate (transcription, translation, fatty acid and phospholipids metabolism). Many phages, prophages and transposon related genes were down regulated as growth rate increased. The growth rate response was compared to carbon and amino-acid starvation transcriptomic responses, revealing constant and significant involvement of growth rate regulations in these two stressful conditions (overlap 27%). Two regulators potentially involved in the growth rate regulations, llrE and yabB, have been identified. Moreover it was established that genes positively regulated by growth rate are preferentially located in the vicinity of replication origin while those negatively regulated are mainly encountered at the opposite, thus indicating the relationship between genes expression and their location on chromosome. Although stringent response mechanism is considered as the one governing growth deceleration in bacteria, the rigorous comparison of the two transcriptomic responses clearly indicated the mechanisms are distinct. Conclusion This work of integrative biology was performed at the global level using transcriptomic analysis obtained in various growth conditions. It raised the importance of growth rate regulations in bacteria but also participated to the elucidation of the involved mechanism. Though the mechanism controlling growth rate is not yet fully understood in L. lactis, one expected regulatory mechanism has been ruled out, two potential regulators have been pointed out and the involvement of gene location on the chromosome has also been found to be involved in the expression regulation of these growth related genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Dressaire
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lee K, Lee HG, Pi K, Choi YJ. The effect of low pH on protein expression by the probiotic bacteriumLactobacillus reuteri. Proteomics 2008; 8:1624-30. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200700663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
45
|
Chao J, Wang W, Xiao S, Liu X. Response of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 23270 gene expression to acid stress. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-008-9715-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
46
|
Rani PS, Agrawal R. Effect on Cellular Membrane Fatty Acids in the Stressed Cells ofLeuconostoc Mesenteroides: A Native Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/08905430701863977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
47
|
Contribution of citrate metabolism to the growth of Lactococcus lactis CRL264 at low pH. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 74:1136-44. [PMID: 18156322 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01061-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis CRL264 is a natural strain isolated from cheese (F. Sesma, D. Gardiol, A. P. de Ruiz Holgado, and D. de Mendoza, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56:2099-2103, 1990). The effect of citrate on the growth parameters at a very acidic pH value was studied with this strain and with derivatives whose citrate uptake capacity was genetically manipulated. The culture pH was maintained at 4.5 to prevent alkalinization of the medium, a well-known effect of citrate metabolism. In the presence of citrate, the maximum specific growth rate and the specific glucose consumption rate were stimulated. Moreover, a more efficient energy metabolism was revealed by analysis of the biomass yields relative to glucose consumption or ATP production. Thus, it was shown that the beneficial effect of citrate on growth under acid stress conditions is not primarily due to the concomitant alkalinization of the medium but stems from less expenditure of ATP, derived from glucose catabolism, to achieve pH homeostasis. After citrate depletion, a deleterious effect on the final biomass was apparent due to organic acid accumulation, particularly acetic acid. On the other hand, citrate metabolism endowed cells with extra ability to counteract lactic and acetic acid toxicity. In vivo 13C nuclear magnetic resonance provided strong evidence for the operation of a citrate/lactate exchanger. Interestingly, the greater capacity for citrate transport correlated positively with the final biomass and growth rates of the citrate-utilizing strains. We propose that increasing the citrate transport capacity of CRL264 could be a useful strategy to improve further the ability of this strain to cope with strongly acidic conditions.
Collapse
|
48
|
Sánchez B, Champomier-Vergès MC, Stuer-Lauridsen B, Ruas-Madiedo P, Anglade P, Baraige F, de los Reyes-Gavilán CG, Johansen E, Zagorec M, Margolles A. Adaptation and response of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis to bile: a proteomic and physiological approach. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:6757-67. [PMID: 17827318 PMCID: PMC2074956 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00637-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile salts are natural detergents that facilitate the digestion and absorption of the hydrophobic components of the diet. However, their amphiphilic nature makes them very inhibitory for bacteria and strongly influences bacterial survival in the gastrointestinal tract. Adaptation to and tolerance of bile stress is therefore crucial for the persistence of bacteria in the human colonic niche. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, a probiotic bacterium with documented health benefits, is applied largely in fermented dairy products. In this study, the effect of bile salts on proteomes of B. animalis subsp. lactis IPLA 4549 and its bile-resistant derivative B. animalis subsp. lactis 4549dOx was analyzed, leading to the identification of proteins which may represent the targets of bile salt response and adaptation in B. animalis subsp. lactis. The comparison of the wild-type and the bile-resistant strain responses allowed us to hypothesize about the resistance mechanisms acquired by the derivative resistant strain and about the bile salt response in B. animalis subsp. lactis. In addition, significant differences in the levels of metabolic end products of the bifid shunt and in the redox status of the cells were also detected, which correlate with some differences observed between the proteomes. These results indicate that adaptation and response to bile in B. animalis subsp. lactis involve several physiological mechanisms that are jointly dedicated to reduce the deleterious impact of bile on the cell's physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Borja Sánchez
- Unité Flore Lactique et Environnement Carné (UR309), INRA, Domaine de Vilvert, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ganesan B, Stuart MR, Weimer BC. Carbohydrate starvation causes a metabolically active but nonculturable state in Lactococcus lactis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:2498-512. [PMID: 17293521 PMCID: PMC1855592 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01832-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study characterized the ability of lactococci to become nonculturable under carbohydrate starvation while maintaining metabolic activity. We determined the changes in physiological parameters and extracellular substrate levels of multiple lactococcal strains under a number of environmental conditions along with whole-genome expression profiles. Three distinct phases were observed, logarithmic growth, sugar exhaustion, and nonculturability. Shortly after carbohydrate starvation, each lactococcal strain lost the ability to form colonies on solid media but maintained an intact cell membrane and metabolic activity for over 3.5 years. ML3, a strain that metabolized lactose rapidly, reached nonculturability within 1 week. Strains that metabolized lactose slowly (SK11) or not at all (IL1403) required 1 to 3 months to become nonculturable. In all cases, the cells contained at least 100 pM of intracellular ATP after 6 months of starvation and remained at that level for the remainder of the study. Aminopeptidase and lipase/esterase activities decreased below detection limits during the nonculturable phase. During sugar exhaustion and entry into nonculturability, serine and methionine were produced, while glutamine and arginine were depleted from the medium. The cells retained the ability to transport amino acids via proton motive force and peptides via ATP-driven translocation. The addition of branched-chain amino acids to the culture medium resulted in increased intracellular ATP levels and new metabolic products, indicating that branched-chain amino acid catabolism resulted in energy and metabolic products to support survival during starvation. Gene expression analysis showed that the genes responsible for sugar metabolism were repressed as the cells entered nonculturability. The genes responsible for cell division were repressed, while autolysis and cell wall metabolism genes were induced neither at starvation nor during nonculturability. Taken together, these observations verify that carbohydrate-starved lactococci attain a nonculturable state wherein sugar metabolism, cell division, and autolysis are repressed, allowing the cells to maintain transcription, metabolic activity, and energy production during a state that produces new metabolites not associated with logarithmic growth.
Collapse
|
50
|
Papadimitriou K, Pratsinis H, Nebe-von-Caron G, Kletsas D, Tsakalidou E. Acid tolerance of Streptococcus macedonicus as assessed by flow cytometry and single-cell sorting. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:465-76. [PMID: 17098924 PMCID: PMC1796968 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01244-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2006] [Accepted: 10/27/2006] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An in situ flow cytometric viability assay employing carboxyfluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide was used to identify Streptococcus macedonicus acid tolerance phenotypes. The logarithmic-phase acid tolerance response (L-ATR) was evident when cells were (i) left to autoacidify unbuffered medium, (ii) transiently exposed to nonlethal acidic pH, or (iii) systematically grown under suboptimal acidic conditions (acid habituation). Stationary-phase ATR was also detected; this phenotype was gradually degenerated while cells resided at this phase. Single-cell analysis of S. macedonicus during induction of L-ATR revealed heterogeneity in both the ability and the rate of tolerance acquisition within clonal populations. L-ATR was found to be partially dependent on de novo protein synthesis and compositional changes of the cell envelope. Interestingly, acid-habituated cells were interlaced in lengthier chains and exhibited an irregular pattern of active peptidoglycan biosynthesis sites when probed with BODIPY FL vancomycin. L-ATR caused cells to retain their membrane potential after lethal challenge, as judged by ratiometric analysis with oxonol [DiBAC(4)(3)]. Furthermore, F-ATPase was important during the induction of L-ATR, but in the case of a fully launched response, inhibition of F-ATPase affected acid resistance only partially. Activities of both F-ATPase and the glucose-specific phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system were increased after L-ATR induction, distinguishing S. macedonicus from oral streptococci. Finally, the in situ viability assessment was compared to medium-based recovery after single-cell sorting, revealing that the culturability of subpopulations with identical fluorescence characteristics is dependent on the treatments imposed to the cells prior to acid challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Papadimitriou
- Laboratory of Dairy Research, Department of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|