1
|
Cavaliere A, Bufalari A, Vitali R. Carcinogenicity and Cocarcinogenicity Test of Phenobarbital Sodium in Adult BALB/c Mice. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 72:125-8. [PMID: 3705183 DOI: 10.1177/030089168607200201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The carcinogenic and cocarcinogenic action of phenobarbital sodium was investigated in adult BALB/c mice of both sexes when administered alone at a concentration of 0.05 % in drinking water for life or after the animals had been treated with a single hydrazine sulphate dose of 5.65 mg. The results demonstrated that phenobarbital sodium is not carcinogenic in this strain of mice, but, since a single dose of hydrazine sulphate was carcinogenic, does not clarify whether it is a cocarcinogen in the lung.
Collapse
|
2
|
Lempiäinen H, Müller A, Brasa S, Teo SS, Roloff TC, Morawiec L, Zamurovic N, Vicart A, Funhoff E, Couttet P, Schübeler D, Grenet O, Marlowe J, Moggs J, Terranova R. Phenobarbital mediates an epigenetic switch at the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) target gene Cyp2b10 in the liver of B6C3F1 mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18216. [PMID: 21455306 PMCID: PMC3063791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that epigenetic perturbations are involved in the adverse effects associated with some drugs and toxicants, including certain classes of non-genotoxic carcinogens. Such epigenetic changes (altered DNA methylation and covalent histone modifications) may take place at the earliest stages of carcinogenesis and their identification holds great promise for biomedical research. Here, we evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of genome-wide epigenomic and transcriptomic profiling in phenobarbital (PB)-treated B6C3F1 mice, a well-characterized rodent model of non-genotoxic liver carcinogenesis. Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation (MeDIP)-coupled microarray profiling of 17,967 promoter regions and 4,566 intergenic CpG islands was combined with genome-wide mRNA expression profiling to identify liver tissue-specific PB-mediated DNA methylation and transcriptional alterations. Only a limited number of significant anti-correlations were observed between PB-induced transcriptional and promoter-based DNA methylation perturbations. However, the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) target gene Cyp2b10 was found to be concomitantly hypomethylated and transcriptionally activated in a liver tissue-specific manner following PB treatment. Furthermore, analysis of active and repressive histone modifications using chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed a strong PB-mediated epigenetic switch at the Cyp2b10 promoter. Our data reveal that PB-induced transcriptional perturbations are not generally associated with broad changes in the DNA methylation status at proximal promoters and suggest that the drug-inducible CAR pathway regulates an epigenetic switch from repressive to active chromatin at the target gene Cyp2b10. This study demonstrates the utility of integrated epigenomic and transcriptomic profiling for elucidating early mechanisms and biomarkers of non-genotoxic carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harri Lempiäinen
- Investigative Toxicology, Preclinical Safety, Translational Sciences, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arne Müller
- Investigative Toxicology, Preclinical Safety, Translational Sciences, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Brasa
- Investigative Toxicology, Preclinical Safety, Translational Sciences, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Soon-Siong Teo
- Investigative Toxicology, Preclinical Safety, Translational Sciences, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Laurent Morawiec
- Investigative Toxicology, Preclinical Safety, Translational Sciences, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Natasa Zamurovic
- Investigative Toxicology, Preclinical Safety, Translational Sciences, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Axel Vicart
- Investigative Toxicology, Preclinical Safety, Translational Sciences, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Funhoff
- Investigative Toxicology, Preclinical Safety, Translational Sciences, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Couttet
- Investigative Toxicology, Preclinical Safety, Translational Sciences, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Schübeler
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Grenet
- Investigative Toxicology, Preclinical Safety, Translational Sciences, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Marlowe
- Investigative Toxicology, Preclinical Safety, Translational Sciences, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Moggs
- Investigative Toxicology, Preclinical Safety, Translational Sciences, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rémi Terranova
- Investigative Toxicology, Preclinical Safety, Translational Sciences, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pathak S, Khuda-Bukhsh AR. Assessment of hepatocellular damage and hematological alterations in mice chronically fed p-dimethyl aminoazobenzene and phenobarbital. Exp Mol Pathol 2006; 83:104-11. [PMID: 17189631 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2006.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2006] [Revised: 10/20/2006] [Accepted: 10/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two sets of mice (Mus musculus) were chronically fed 0.06% p-dimethylaminoazobenzene (p-DAB) and 0.05% Phenobarbital (PB) for 90 and 120 days, respectively, and several cell biological and hematological parameters were studied against normal diet fed controls. The cell biological studies included: (i) matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and reduced glutathione content (GSH), and (ii) ultra-structural changes in liver through scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopies. Further, changes in some other parameters like blood glucose level, cholesterol and hemoglobin contents, serum cortisol concentration and rate of viability of lymphocytes were also recorded. The serum hormonal levels of estradiol and testosterone were also measured in view of the observation that mice subjected to chronic feeding of p-DAB and PB had dramatically reduced reproductive abilities. All results clearly indicated that the chronic feeding of the carcinogens induced considerable toxicity and palpable hepato-cellular injuries along with some other changes during the carcinogenetic process in liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surajit Pathak
- Department of Zoology, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Renal tumors have been reported to be induced by natural products, chemical carcinogens, viruses, or radiation. Species or strain specificity and sex also appear to play significant roles in their development. In man, it is also likely that the heredity existence of other diseases, smoking, food habits, and irradiation may be etiological factors. It also appears that hormonal, chemical, and other environmental factors can play a role. Nephrotoxin modifies two-stage chemical carcinogenesis in rat kidney. Some nephrotoxins without carcinogenicity promote the development of renal tumors in rats pretreated with subcarcinogenic doses of chemical carcinogens. The importance of nephrotoxin in development of renal adenocarcinomas needs elucidation. Preneoplastic lesions in the kidneys can be recognized by histochemical methods with specific antibodies. It is hoped that further research will be continued, so that data obtained from experimental work will provide a better understanding of the etiology and induction of renal cancer in man.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Hiasa
- First Department of Pathology, Nara Medical University, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fischer G. Increased UDP-glucuronyltransferase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in enzyme-altered rat liver lesions produced by low doses of aflatoxin B1. VIRCHOWS ARCHIV. B, CELL PATHOLOGY INCLUDING MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY 1986; 51:443-60. [PMID: 2876548 DOI: 10.1007/bf02899051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Preneoplastic liver lesions were produced in female Wistar rats by low doses of aflatoxin B1 (Model 1: administration of 37.5 micrograms/kg 12 and 24 h after partial hepatectomy; Model 2: continuous application of 3.5 micrograms/kg in tap water daily for 28 days with partial hepatectomy after 14 days. The animals then received sodium phenobarbital, 0.1% in tap water, for 180 to 400 days). In both models numerous altered hepatic foci (AHF) and hyperplastic nodules (HN) were detected enzyme histochemically by their negative ATPase and positive gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase reactions. Immunohistochemically these lesions were also UDP-glucuronyltransferase positive. Increased UDP-glucuronyltransferase adds to permanent alterations of a number of drug metabolizing enzymes observed in a variety of different tumor models. These alterations are responsible for the toxin-resistant phenotype (Faber 1984b). Increased gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase was detected both enzyme histochemically and immunohistochemically; whereas gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity was present in both AHF/HN and in periportal areas by enzyme histochemistry, the immunohistochemical method selectively stained gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in AHF and HN. Immunohistochemically detectable UDP-glucuronyltransferase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase are markers of putative precancerous liver lesions which may be useful in the analysis of the prestages of liver carcinogenesis.
Collapse
|