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Seuront L, Henry S, Breton E, Spilmont N, Elias F. Marine foams impede metabolic and behavioural traits in the rough periwinkle Littorina saxatilis. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 197:106486. [PMID: 38588615 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Foams are a ubiquitous feature of marine environments. They can have major economic, societal and ecological consequences through their accumulation on the shore. Despite their pervasive nature and evidence that stable foam deposits play a pivotal role in the ecology of soft shore and estuaries, very limited amounts of information are available on their contribution to the structure and function at play in rocky intertidal ecosystems. This study shows that the metabolic rate of the high-shore gastropod Littorina saxatilis is significantly higher in individuals exposed to foams. Behavioural assays conducted under laboratory-controlled conditions further show that this species detects foam-born infochemicals both indirectly or directly, hence rely on both airborne and contact chemosensory cues. L. saxatilis also actively avoid areas covered in foam, and increase their activity in the presence of foam. These observations are interpreted in terms of foam-induced increased metabolic stress and increases behavioural anxiety and vigilance. They are further discussed in relation to the occurrence of two phytoplankton species known to produce repellent and/or toxic compounds such as domoic acid and dimethylsulfoniopropionate, the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata and the haptophyte Phaeocystis globosa, with the latter occurring at unusually high density. Taken together, these results suggest that the accumulation of foams on intertidal rocky shores may have major implications on taxa relying on both airborne and contact chemosensory cues to navigate, find food and mating partners. Specifically, the observed increased behavioural activity coupled with increased metabolic demands may impact species fitness and highlight potentially large ecological consequences in rocky intertidal ecosystems characterized by strong hydrodynamism and elevated organic matter content leading to the presence of long-lived foam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Seuront
- CNRS, Univ. Lille, Univ. Littoral Côte D'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187 LOG, Station Marine de Wimereux, F-59000, Lille, France; Department of Marine Resources and Energy, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa.
| | - Solène Henry
- CNRS, Univ. Lille, Univ. Littoral Côte D'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187 LOG, Station Marine de Wimereux, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Elsa Breton
- Univ. Littoral Côte D'Opale, CNRS, Univ. Lille, IRD, UMR 8187 LOG, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Spilmont
- CNRS, Univ. Lille, Univ. Littoral Côte D'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187 LOG, Station Marine de Wimereux, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Florence Elias
- Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes, ESPCI-PSL-Sorbonne Université-Université de Paris, 75005, Paris, France
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2
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Baudry T, Millet L, Jarne P, David P, Grandjean F. Multiple invasions and predation: The impact of the crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus on invasive and native snails. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11191. [PMID: 38571792 PMCID: PMC10985378 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The pace of biological invasions has increased in recent decades, leading to multiple invasions and the potential dominance of invasive species, destabilizing local ecological networks. This provides opportunities to study new ecological species interactions, including predation. Tropical freshwaters have been particularly concerned by aquatic invasions and we focused here on the Martinique island (Lesser Antilles). We examined the predator-prey relationships involving invasive Thiarid snails (Tarebia granifera and Melanoides tuberculata) and the native Neritina punctulata, both confronted with a newcomer predator, the redclaw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus). We conducted several mesocosm experiments to assess the impact of crayfish predation on snail survival and the passive and active antipredator responses of snails. A first experiment indicated snail survival rates between 50% and 80%, depending on crayfish size and sex. Notably, there was a negative correlation between snail survival and male crayfish size and the predation method (shell crushing vs. "body sucking") varied with crayfish size. The second experiment suggested no refuge size for snails, with both very small (<5 mm) and very large (>5 mm) unable to escape predation, regardless of crayfish size (from 77 to 138 mm) or sex. Finally, we investigated the escape behavior of Thiarids regarding three crayfish cues. Melanoides tuberculata tend to bury in the substrate and T. granifera to climb up aquarium walls, what was expected from their shell morphologies, and both responding to crayfish cues within minutes. Overall, C. quadricarinatus proves to be an efficient snail predator with limited escape options for snails, potentially contributing to the decline of certain snail populations in Martinique. This omnivorous predator might impact other native species across different groups, including shrimps and fish. Our study underscores the urgent need for monitoring efforts, solidifying the redclaw crayfish reputation as a dangerous invasive species for freshwater macrobenthic faunas worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Baudry
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie Des Interactions, UMR CNRS 7267 Equipe Ecologie Evolution SymbioseUniversité de PoitiersPoitiers CedexFrance
| | - Lola Millet
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie Des Interactions, UMR CNRS 7267 Equipe Ecologie Evolution SymbioseUniversité de PoitiersPoitiers CedexFrance
| | - Philippe Jarne
- CEFE, CNRS ‐ Univ Montpellier ‐ IRD – EPHEMontpellier Cedex 5France
| | - Patrice David
- CEFE, CNRS ‐ Univ Montpellier ‐ IRD – EPHEMontpellier Cedex 5France
| | - Frédéric Grandjean
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie Des Interactions, UMR CNRS 7267 Equipe Ecologie Evolution SymbioseUniversité de PoitiersPoitiers CedexFrance
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3
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Effects of substrate and elevated temperature on the growth and feeding efficiency of an invasive cyprinid fish, Tench (Tinca tinca). Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02778-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Oyeyemi OT. Application of nanotized formulation in the control of snail intermediate hosts of schistosomes. Acta Trop 2021; 220:105945. [PMID: 33945825 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis continues to pose significant public health problems in many developing countries. Mass drug administration (MDA) is the most adopted control option but there is increasing evidence for the development of praziquantel-resistant Schistosoma strains. This shortcoming has necessitated the search for other effective methods for the control of schistosomiasis. The breaking of Schistosoma transmission cycles through the application of molluscicides into snail infested freshwater bodies has yielded positive outcomes when integrated with MDA in some countries. However, few of such effective molluscicides are currently available, and where available, their application is restricted due to toxicity concerns. Some nanotized particles with molluscicidal activities against the different stages of snail intermediate hosts of schistosomes have been reported. Importantly, the curcumin-nisin nanoparticle synthesized by our group was very effective and it showed no significant toxicity in a mouse model and brine shrimps. This, therefore, offers the possibility of developing a molluscicide that is not only safe for man but also is environmentally friendly. This paper reviews nanoparticles with molluscicidal potential. The methods of their formulation, activities, probable mechanisms of actions, and their toxicity profiles are discussed. More research should be made in this field as it offers great potential for the development of new molluscicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyetunde T Oyeyemi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo State, Nigeria
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5
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Tariel J, Plénet S, Luquet E. How do developmental and parental exposures to predation affect personality and immediate behavioural plasticity in the snail Physa acuta? Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20201761. [PMID: 33352075 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals differ in personality and immediate behavioural plasticity. While developmental environment may explain this group diversity, the effect of parental environment is still unexplored-a surprising observation since parental environment influences mean behaviour. We tested whether developmental and parental environments impacted personality and immediate plasticity. We raised two generations of Physa acuta snails in the laboratory with or without developmental exposure to predator cues. Escape behaviour was repeatedly assessed on adult snails with or without predator cues in the immediate environment. On average, snails were slower to escape if they or their parents had been exposed to predator cues during development. Snails were also less plastic in response to immediate predation risk on average if they or their parents had been exposed to predator cues. Group diversity in personality was greater in predator-exposed snails than unexposed snails, while parental environment did not influence it. Group diversity in immediate plasticity was not significant. Our results suggest that only developmental environment plays a key role in the emergence of group diversity in personality, but that parental environment influences mean behavioural responses to the environmental change. Consequently, although different, both developmental and parental cues may have evolutionary implications on behavioural responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Tariel
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sandrine Plénet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emilien Luquet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
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6
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Tariel J, Luquet É, Plénet S. Interactions Between Maternal, Paternal, Developmental, and Immediate Environmental Effects on Anti-predator Behavior of the Snail Physa acuta. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.591074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgenerational plasticity, which occurs when the environment experienced by parents changes the phenotype of offspring, is widespread in animal and plant species. Both maternal and paternal environments can underlie transgenerational plasticity, but experimental studies unraveling how their effects interact together and with the personal (both developmental and immediate) environments are still rare. Yet unraveling these interactions is fundamental to understanding how offspring integrate past and present environmental cues to produce adaptive phenotype. Using the hermaphroditic and freshwater snail Physa acuta, we tested how predator cues experienced by offspring, mothers and fathers interact to shape offspring anti-predator behavior. We raised a first generation of snails in the laboratory with or without chemical predator cues and realized full-factorial crosses to disentangle maternal and paternal cues. We then raised the second generation of snails with or without predator cues and assessed, when adults, their escape behavior in two immediate environments (with or without predator cues) and activity in the immediate environment without predator cues. We found that personal, maternal, and paternal predator cues interacted to shape offspring escape behavior and activity. Firstly, for escape behavior, snails integrated the cues from developmental and parental environments only when exposed to predator cues in their immediate environment, suggesting that personal immediate experience must corroborate the risky parental environment to reveal transgenerational plasticity. For activity, this same hypothesis helps explain why no clear pattern of transgenerational plasticity was revealed, as activity was only measured without predator cues in the immediate environment. Secondly, a single maternal exposure to predator cues decreased offspring escape behavior while a single paternal exposure had no effect, surprisingly demonstrating sex-specific transgenerational plasticity for a simultaneous hermaphroditic species. Thirdly, when both mother and father were exposed, paternal cues were integrated by offspring according to their own developmental environment. The paternal exposure then mitigated the reduction in escape behavior due to the maternal exposure only when offspring developed in control condition. Overall, our study highlighted complex patterns of sex-specific transgenerational plasticity resulting from non-additive interactions between parental, developmental and immediate experiences.
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Hayashi M, Sugiura S. Climbing rice plants above the waterline: escape of freshwater snails from underwater predation by snail-eating specialists. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Freshwater molluscs have physical defences such as shells to protect their inner soft bodies from underwater predators. However, some predators have specialized mouthparts that can destroy the snail’s tough and/or spiral shells. Therefore, these snails could have evolved specific defences against their specialist predators. We observed the freshwater snail Austropeplea ollula (Pulmonata: Lymnaeidae) frequently climbing rice plants above the water in paddy fields in Shimane, central Japan. We also found the beetle larvae of Hydrophilus acuminatus (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae), which are known as snail-eating specialists, in waters of the same paddy fields. We hypothesized that A. ollula climbs rice plants above the water to escape underwater predation by H. acuminatus and that the escape behaviour of snails may be specifically triggered by chemical cues from snail-eating specialists and/or killed conspecifics. To test both these hypotheses, we conducted laboratory experiments. The results demonstrated that chemical cues (e.g. body fluids) from killed conspecifics could trigger A. ollula to crawl above the waterline. Furthermore, chemical cues (e.g. scent and digestive enzymes) from H. acuminatus could promote the behaviour. Therefore, A. ollula can successfully escape from H. acuminatus by climbing the rice plants above the water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shinji Sugiura
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe, Japan
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8
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Goodchild CG, Schmidt LM, DuRant SE. Evidence for the ‘behavioural character’ hypothesis: does boldness programme disparate antipredator strategies? Anim Behav 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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Tariel J, Plénet S, Luquet É. Transgenerational plasticity of inducible defences: Combined effects of grand-parental, parental and current environments. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:2367-2376. [PMID: 32184987 PMCID: PMC7069331 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity can occur across generations (transgenerational plasticity) when environments experienced by the previous generations influenced offspring phenotype. The evolutionary importance of transgenerational plasticity, especially regarding within-generational plasticity, is a currently hot topic in the plasticity framework. How long an environmental effect can persist across generations and whether multigenerational effects are cumulative are primordial-for the evolutionary significance of transgenerational plasticity-but still unresolved questions. In this study, we investigated how the grand-parental, parental and offspring exposures to predation cues shape the predator-induced defences of offspring in the Physa acuta snail. We expected that the offspring phenotypes result from a three-way interaction among grand-parental, parental and offspring environments. We exposed three generations of snails without and with predator cues according to a full factorial design and measured offspring inducible defences. We found that both grand-parental and parental exposures to predator cues impacted offspring antipredator defences, but their effects were not cumulative and depended on the defences considered. We also highlighted that the grand-parental environment did alter reaction norms of offspring shell thickness, demonstrating an interaction between the grand-parental transgenerational plasticity and the within-generational plasticity. We concluded that the effects of multigenerational exposure to predator cues resulted on complex offspring phenotypic patterns which are difficult to relate to adaptive antipredator advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Tariel
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNAVilleurbanneFrance
| | - Sandrine Plénet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNAVilleurbanneFrance
| | - Émilien Luquet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNAVilleurbanneFrance
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10
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Maldonado MA, Martín PR. Dealing with a hyper-successful neighbor: effects of the invasive apple snail Pomacea canaliculata on exotic and native snails in South America. Curr Zool 2019; 65:225-235. [PMID: 31263482 PMCID: PMC6595424 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoy060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pomacea canaliculata is a successful invader and also a competitor and predator of other snails and may play a key role in structuring freshwater snail communities both in its native and invaded range. In the present study we evaluated the contact and distant effects of P. canaliculata in its native range on exotic (Melanoides tuberculata and Physa acuta) and native snails (Heleobia parchappii, Biomphalaria peregrina, and Chilina parchappii). Habitat use was affected in P. acuta, H. parchappii, and B. peregrina by contact effects of P. canaliculata, whereas survival was only affected in P. acuta through combined contact and distant effects. Fecundity was reduced in P. acuta and B. peregrina by combined contact and distant effects; evidence of egg mass predation was also observed in both species. Melanoides tuberculata was not affected at all by P. canaliculata. The snail species with higher withdrawal responses to contacts with P. canaliculata were those that suffered less mortality by corporal contact, whereas snails with high crawling away responses suffered from higher mortality. The effects of P. canaliculata seem to be highly negative to small nonoperculate snails that lay gelatinous egg masses, whereas large operculate ovoviviparous snails are not affected in their survival and reproduction. This apple snail may exert biotic resistance against P. acuta but could favor the establishment of M. tuberculata and other functionally similar species in new habitats in South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara A Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Ecología (DBByF), INBIOSUR (Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET), San Juan 670, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Pablo R Martín
- Laboratorio de Ecología (DBByF), INBIOSUR (Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET), San Juan 670, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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11
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Abstract
Gastropod diversity is substantial in marine and freshwater habitats, and many aquatic slugs and snails use olfactory cues to guide their navigation behaviour. Examples include finding prey or avoiding predators based on kairomones, or finding potential mates using pheromones. Here, I review the diversity of navigational behaviours studied across the major aquatic taxa of gastropods. I then synthesize evidence for the different theoretical navigation strategies the animals may use. It is likely that gastropods regularly use either chemotaxis or odour-gated rheotaxis (or both) during olfactory-based navigation. Finally, I collate the patchwork of research conducted on relevant proximate mechanisms that could produce navigation behaviours. Although the tractability of several gastropod species for neurophysiological experimentation has generated some valuable insight into how turning behaviour is triggered by contact chemoreception, there remain many substantial gaps in our understanding for how navigation relative to more distant odour sources is controlled in gastropods. These gaps include little information on the chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors (for detecting flow) found in the peripheral nervous system and the central (or peripheral) processing circuits that integrate that sensory input. In contrast, past studies do provide information on motor neurons that control the effectors that produce crawling (both forward locomotion and turning). Thus, there is plenty of scope for further research on olfactory-based navigation, exploiting the tractability of gastropods for neuroethology to better understand how the nervous system processes chemosensory input to generate movement towards or away from distant odour sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell C Wyeth
- Biology Department, St Francis Xavier University, 2321 Notre Dame Avenue, Antigonish, NS, Canada B2G 2W5
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12
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Beattie MC, Moore PA. Predator recognition of chemical cues in crayfish: diet and experience influence the ability to detect predation threats. BEHAVIOUR 2018. [DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-00003501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aquatic prey often alter their morphology, physiology, and/or behaviour when presented with predatory chemical cues which are heavily influenced by the diet of the predator. We tested the roles that diet and prey familiarity with predators play in the ability of prey to recognize predator threats. Odours from two fish, bass and cichlid fed a vegetarian, protein, heterospecific, and a conspecific diet, were collected and presented to virile crayfish in a choice arena. Our results show that crayfish altered their behaviour in the presence of odours containing conspecific, as opposed to heterospecific diets, but only from familiar predators. A reduced anti-predator response was measured with odours from an unfamiliar predator fed conspecific crayfish. Therefore, crayfish may be able to determine different threat levels based on the different dietary cues from a potential predator, but only when the prey have familiarity with the predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly C. Beattie
- aLaboratory for Sensory Ecology, Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
- bUniversity of Michigan Biological Station, 9133 Biological Road, Pellston, MI, 49769, USA
| | - Paul A. Moore
- aLaboratory for Sensory Ecology, Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
- bUniversity of Michigan Biological Station, 9133 Biological Road, Pellston, MI, 49769, USA
- cJ.P. Scott Center for Neuroscience, Mind, and Behavior, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
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13
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Mathers KL, Rice SP, Wood PJ. Temporal variability in lotic macroinvertebrate communities associated with invasive signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) activity levels and substrate character. Biol Invasions 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1557-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Alcaraz G, Arce E. Predator discrimination in the hermit crab Calcinus californiensis
: tight for shell breakers, loose for shell peelers. OIKOS 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.03742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermina Alcaraz
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología; Depto de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Univ. Nacional Autónoma de México, MX-04510; México City México
| | - Elsah Arce
- Laboratorio de Acuicultura, Depto de Hidrobiología, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Univ. Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca; Morelos México
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15
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Grason EW. Does Cohistory Constrain Information Use? Evidence for Generalized Risk Assessment in Nonnative Prey. Am Nat 2017; 189:213-226. [PMID: 28221828 DOI: 10.1086/690217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Though prey use a variety of information sources to assess predation risk, evolutionary cohistory with a predator could constrain information use, and nonnative prey might fail to recognize risk from a novel predator. Nonnative prey might instead use generalized risk assessment, relying on general alarm signals from injured conspecifics rather than cues from predators. I tested the influence of shared predator-prey history on information use, comparing responses among three native and four nonnative prey species to chemical cues from a native predator and cues from injured conspecific prey. Nonnative prey demonstrated information generalism: (1) responding stronger to alarm cues released by injured conspecific prey than to cues from predators and (2) responding similarly to alarm cues as to cues from predators consuming injured conspecific prey. By contrast, for native prey, multiple information sources were required to elicit the greatest defense. The influence of other sources of chemical information was not predicted by cohistory with the predator: only one nonnative snail responded to the predator; digestion was important for only two native species; the identity of injured prey was important for all prey; and predator and prey cues contributed additively to prey response. Information generalism, hypothesized to be costly in coevolved interactions, could facilitate invasions as a driver of or response to introduction to novel habitats.
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16
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Younes A, El-Sherief H, Gawish F, Mahmoud M. Biological control of snail hosts transmitting schistosomiasis by the water bug, Sphaerodema urinator. Parasitol Res 2017; 116:1257-1264. [PMID: 28204958 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5402-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The water bug, Sphaerodema urinator (Hemiptera : Belostomatidae), shares the same habitat of the freshwater snails in ponds, lakes, and streams. Studies conducted in lakes show that fish and crayfish predators play an important role in determining the abundance of freshwater snails. In contrast, shallow ponds and marches often lack fish and crayfish but have abundant insect predators. This study has been carried out to evaluate the predatory potential of S. urinator adult on two freshwater snails that serves as intermediate hosts of Schistosoma. Laboratory evaluation of predation by S. urinator on these intermediate hosts revealed that the adult bug could kill and consume the two intermediate hosts: Bulinus truncatus and Biomphalaria alexandrina. The number of snails consumed differed according to the snail type, size, and density. The times taken for searching and handling times were depending on the snail size, type, and vulnerability of the predator. The predation rate varied also with respect to snail type and density. Prey size is a major factor influencing predator preferences. This study indicated that the predator, S. urinator, may be a suitable bio-control agent in connection with Schistosoma intermediate hosts in the aquatic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aly Younes
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Hanaa El-Sherief
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Fathia Gawish
- Department of Medical Malacology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa Mahmoud
- Department of Medical Malacology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
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17
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DeWitt TJ. Expanding the phenotypic plasticity paradigm to broader views of trait space and ecological function. Curr Zool 2016; 62:463-473. [PMID: 29491936 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zow085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Foundational concepts of trait spaces, including phenotypic plasticity and function of traits, should be expanded and better integrated with ecological theory. This article addresses two areas where plasticity theory can become further integrated with ecological, evolutionary, and developmental thinking. First is the idea that not only trait means within environments and plasticity of trait means across environments is optimized by selection, but that the entire shape of phenotype distributions such as variance or skew should be optimized within and across environments. In order for trait distribution shape to evolve into adaptations, there must be a genetic basis for and selection upon variation in distribution shapes and their plasticities. I present published and new data demonstrating genetic control and selection for higher moments of phenotype distributions; though, plasticity in these values has not yet been tested. Genetic control of phenotype distribution moments is shown for Neurospora crassa ascospore size and shape. Selection on trait distribution moments is shown for Eurosta solidaginis gall size. Second, there is a tradition in modeling plasticity as an adaptive strategy that pits it as an alternative to ecological specialization or generalization. However, these strategies need not be considered alternatives. Rather, with environmental fluctuation within generations plasticity may produce additive or non-additive intermediate (generalist) phenotypes, or something new altogether. I present published and new data on the snail Physa virgata and fish Gambusia affinis that show plasticity produces partly intermediate (generalist) and partly unique phenotypic elements in mixed and fluctuating environments. Plasticity can thus be viewed in the context of a broader trait space and as having broader ecological roles than currently is conceived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J DeWitt
- Department of Wildlife & Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2258, USA
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Forest J, Sunada H, Dodd S, Lukowiak K. Training Lymnaea in the presence of a predator scent results in a long-lasting ability to form enhanced long-term memory. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2016; 202:399-409. [PMID: 27138222 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-016-1086-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lymnaea exposed to crayfish effluent (CE) gain an enhanced ability to form long-term memory (LTM). We test the hypothesis that a single CE exposure and operant conditioning training leads to long lasting changes in the capability of snails to form LTM when tested in pond water four weeks later. We trained both juvenile and adult snails with a single 0.5 h training session in CE and show that LTM was present 24 h later. Snails trained in a similar manner in just pond water show no LTM. We then asked if such training in CE conferred enhanced memory forming capabilities on these snails four weeks later. That is, would LTM be formed in these snails four weeks later following a single 0.5 h training session in pond water? We found that both adult and juvenile snails previously trained in CE one month previously had enhanced LTM formation abilities. The injection of a DNA methylation blocker, 5-AZA, prior to training in adult snails blocked enhanced LTM formation four weeks later. Finally, this enhanced LTM forming ability was not passed on to the next generation of snails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Forest
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.,University Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| | - Hiroshi Sunada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Shawn Dodd
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ken Lukowiak
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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Kats LB, Dill LM. The scent of death: Chemosensory assessment of predation risk by prey animals. ECOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/11956860.1998.11682468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 670] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Beaty LE, Wormington JD, Kensinger BJ, Bayley KN, Goeppner SR, Gustafson KD, Luttbeg B. Shaped by the past, acting in the present: transgenerational plasticity of anti‐predatory traits. OIKOS 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.03114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lynne E. Beaty
- Dept of Integrative Biology Oklahoma State University Stillwater, 501 Life Sciences West Stillwater OK 74078 USA
| | - Jillian D. Wormington
- Dept of Integrative Biology Oklahoma State University Stillwater, 501 Life Sciences West Stillwater OK 74078 USA
| | - Bart J. Kensinger
- Dept of Integrative Biology Oklahoma State University Stillwater, 501 Life Sciences West Stillwater OK 74078 USA
| | - Kristen N. Bayley
- Dept of Integrative Biology Oklahoma State University Stillwater, 501 Life Sciences West Stillwater OK 74078 USA
| | - Scott R. Goeppner
- Dept of Biology Univ. of Massachusetts Dartmouth Dartmouth MA USA
- Dept of Integrative Biology Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK USA
| | - Kyle D. Gustafson
- Dept of Integrative Biology Oklahoma State University Stillwater, 501 Life Sciences West Stillwater OK 74078 USA
| | - Barney Luttbeg
- Dept of Integrative Biology Oklahoma State University Stillwater, 501 Life Sciences West Stillwater OK 74078 USA
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Justice JR, Bernot RJ. Nanosilver Inhibits Freshwater Gastropod (Physa acuta) Ability to Assess Predation Risk. AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST 2014. [DOI: 10.1674/0003-0031-171.2.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Ruehl CB, Trexler JC. A suite of prey traits determine predator and nutrient enrichment effects in a tri‐trophic food chain. Ecosphere 2013. [DOI: 10.1890/es13-00065.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Clifton B. Ruehl
- Department of Biological Science, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, Florida 33181 USA
| | - Joel C. Trexler
- Department of Biological Science, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, Florida 33181 USA
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Schoeppner NM, Relyea RA. Damage, digestion, and defence: the roles of alarm cues and kairomones for inducing prey defences. Ecol Lett 2012; 8:505-12. [PMID: 21352454 DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00744.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inducible defences are widely used for studying phenotypic plasticity, yet frequently we know little about the cues that induce these defences. For aquatic prey, defences are induced by chemical cues from predators (kairomones) and injured prey (alarm cues). Rarely has anyone determined the separate and combined effects of these cues, particularly across phylogenetically diverse prey types. We examined how tadpoles (Hyla versicolor) altered their defences when 10 different prey were either crushed by hand or consumed by predators. Across all prey types, crushing induced only a subset of the defences induced by consumption. Consuming vs. crushing produced additive responses for behaviour but synergistic responses for morphology and growth. Moreover, we discovered the first extensive evidence that prey responses to different alarm cues depends on prey phylogeny. These results suggest that the amount of information available to the prey affects both the quantitative and qualitative nature of the defended phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy M Schoeppner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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Predation by <i>Dugesia polychroa</i> (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida) prevents the establishment of <i>Physa acuta</i> (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) in hard-substratum habitats. FOLIA MALACOLOGICA 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/v10125-012-0014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Wellborn GA, Capps E. Establishment of a new population by a single gravid colonist: implications for Hyalella biogeography and speciation. Evol Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-012-9579-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ahlgren J, Brönmark C. Fleeing towards death - leech-induced behavioural defences increase freshwater snail susceptibility to predatory fish. OIKOS 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.20420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Brönmark C, Lakowitz T, Nilsson PA, Ahlgren J, Lennartsdotter C, Hollander J. Costs of inducible defence along a resource gradient. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30467. [PMID: 22291961 PMCID: PMC3265497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to having constitutive defence traits, many organisms also respond to predation by phenotypic plasticity. In order for plasticity to be adaptive, induced defences should incur a benefit to the organism in, for example, decreased risk of predation. However, the production of defence traits may include costs in fitness components such as growth, time to reproduction, or fecundity. To test the hypothesis that the expression of phenotypic plasticity incurs costs, we performed a common garden experiment with a freshwater snail, Radix balthica, a species known to change morphology in the presence of molluscivorous fish. We measured a number of predator-induced morphological and behavioural defence traits in snails that we reared in the presence or absence of chemical cues from fish. Further, we quantified the costs of plasticity in fitness characters related to fecundity and growth. Since plastic responses may be inhibited under limited resource conditions, we reared snails in different densities and thereby levels of competition. Snails exposed to predator cues grew rounder and thicker shells, traits confirmed to be adaptive in environments with fish. Defence traits were consistently expressed independent of density, suggesting strong selection from predatory molluscivorous fish. However, the expression of defence traits resulted in reduced growth rate and fecundity, particularly with limited resources. Our results suggest full defence in predator related traits regardless of resource availability, and costs of defence consequently paid in traits related to fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christer Brönmark
- Department of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Lakowitz
- Department of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - P. Anders Nilsson
- Department of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Ahlgren
- Department of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Johan Hollander
- Department of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Anchor down or hunker down: an experimental study on zebra mussels’ response to predation risk from crayfish. Anim Behav 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Martinez MA, Rogowski DL. Use and Apparent Partitioning of Habitat by an Imperiled Springsnail (Hydrobiidae) and a Cosmopolitan Pond Snail (Physidae). SOUTHWEST NAT 2011. [DOI: 10.1894/f11-js-34.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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Scale dependent effects of native prey diversity, prey biomass and natural disturbance on the invasion success of an exotic predator. Biol Invasions 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-010-9894-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bourdeau PE. Cue reliability, risk sensitivity and inducible morphological defense in a marine snail. Oecologia 2009; 162:987-94. [PMID: 19882173 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-009-1488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Reliable cues that communicate current or future environmental conditions are a requirement for the evolution of adaptive phenotypic plasticity, yet we often do not know which cues are responsible for the induction of particular plastic phenotypes. I examined the single and combined effects of cues from damaged prey and predator cues on the induction of plastic shell defenses and somatic growth in the marine snail Nucella lamellosa. Snails were exposed to chemical risk cues from a factorial combination of damaged prey presented in isolation or consumed by predatory crabs (Cancer productus). Water-borne cues from damaged conspecific and heterospecific snails did not affect plastic shell defenses (shell mass, shell thickness and apertural teeth) or somatic growth in N. lamellosa. Cues released by feeding crabs, independent of prey cue, had significant effects on shell mass and somatic growth, but only crabs consuming conspecific snails induced the full suite of plastic shell defenses in N. lamellosa and induced the greatest response in all shell traits and somatic growth. Thus the relationship between risk cue and inducible morphological defense is dependent on which cues and which morphological traits are examined. Results indicate that cues from damaged conspecifics alone do not trigger a response, but, in combination with predator cues, act to signal predation risk and trigger inducible defenses in this species. This ability to "label" predators as dangerous may decrease predator avoidance costs and highlights the importance of the feeding habits of predators on the expression of inducible defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Bourdeau
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5245, USA.
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Wojdak JM. Foraging and refuge use by a pond snail: Effects of physiological state, predators, and resources. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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33
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Collins AM, Gerald GW. Attraction of Flatworms at Various Hunger Levels Toward Cues from an Odonate Predator. Ethology 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2009.01616.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Field observations of the alarm response to crushed conspecifics in the freshwater snail Pomacea canaliculata: effects of habitat, vegetation, and body size. J ETHOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10164-008-0103-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Dillon Jr. RT, Robinson JD, Smith TP, Wethington AR. NO REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION BETWEEN FRESHWATER PULMONATE SNAILS PHYSA VIRGATA AND P. ACUTA. SOUTHWEST NAT 2005. [DOI: 10.1894/0038-4909(2005)050[0415:nribfp]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hoverman JT, Auld JR, Relyea RA. Putting prey back together again: integrating predator-induced behavior, morphology, and life history. Oecologia 2005; 144:481-91. [PMID: 15891826 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-005-0082-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2004] [Accepted: 03/03/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has seen an explosion in the number of studies exploring predator-induced plasticity. Recently, there has been a call for more comprehensive approaches that can identify functional relationships between traits, constraints on phenotypic responses, and the cost and benefits of alternative phenotypes. In this study, we exposed Helisoma trivolvis, a freshwater snail, to a factorial combination of three resource levels and five predator environments (no predator, one or two water bugs, and one or two crayfish) and examined ten traits including behavior, morphology, and life history. Each predator induced a unique suite of behavioral and morphological responses. Snails increased near-surface habitat use with crayfish but not with water bugs. Further, crayfish induced narrow and high shells whereas water bugs induced wide shells and wide apertures. In terms of life history, both predators induced delayed reproduction and greater mass at reproduction. However, crayfish induced a greater delay in reproduction that resulted in reduced fecundity whereas water bugs did not induce differences in fecundity. Resource levels impacted the morphology of H. trivolvis; snails reared with greater resource levels produced higher shells, narrower shells, and wider apertures. Resource levels also impacted snail life history; lower resources caused longer times to reproduction and reduced fecundity. Based on an analysis of phenotypic correlations, the morphological responses to each predator most likely represent phenotypic trade-offs. Snails could either produce invasion-resistant shells for defense against water bugs or crush-resistant shells for defense against crayfish, but not both. Our use of a comprehensive approach to examine the responses of H. trivolvis has provided important information regarding the complexity of phenotypic responses to different environments, the patterns of phenotypic integration across environments, and the potential costs and benefits associated with plastic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T Hoverman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
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Gerald GW, Spezzano LC. The influence of chemical cues and conspecific density on the temperature selection of a freshwater snail (Melanoides tuberculata). J Therm Biol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2004.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Cotton PA, Rundle SD, Smith KE. TRAIT COMPENSATION IN MARINE GASTROPODS: SHELL SHAPE, AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR, AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO PREDATION. Ecology 2004. [DOI: 10.1890/03-3104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Jacobsen HP, Stabell OB. Antipredator behaviour mediated by chemical cues: the role of conspecific alarm signalling and predator labelling in the avoidance response of a marine gastropod. OIKOS 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.12369.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ichinose K. Influence of age and body size on alarm responses in a freshwater snail Pomacea canaliculata. J Chem Ecol 2002; 28:2017-28. [PMID: 12474897 DOI: 10.1023/a:1020749911877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A hypothesis that size selection of prey by predators elicits size-specific responses from prey was examined. Freshwater snails, Pomacea canaliculata, ages 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, or 60 days, were given an extract of 3-day-old snails, and 3-day-old snails were given extracts of snails of the otherages oreggs. Snails 15 days or younger crawled out of the water in response to the 3-day-old snail extract, but older ones did not. The 3-day-old snails responded to the extracts of snails of all examined ages, but not to the extract of eggs. Snails of four size classes, 3-days-old, small (shell lengths 8-12 mm), medium (13-20 mm), and large (>28 mm) were given extracts of snails of each of these four classes. The 3-day-old snails crawled out of the water in response to the extract of 3-day-old snails, but showed a lower or no response to other extracts. Larger snails buried themselves in the soil in response to the extract of snails of similar sizes. These responses are discussed in the context of the evolution of the snail's avoidance behavior in response to the size-dependent prey choice by the predator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Ichinose
- National Agricultural Experiment Research Center for Kyushu Okinawa Region, Japan.
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Dewitt TJ, Sih A, Hucko JA. Trait compensation and cospecialization in a freshwater snail: size, shape and antipredator behaviour. Anim Behav 1999; 58:397-407. [PMID: 10458891 DOI: 10.1006/anbe.1999.1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We examined relationships between individual differences in antipredator behaviour and prey morphological characters (size, shape) that influence prey vulnerability. Behavioural responses of Physa gyrina to chemical cues associated with predation by crayfish Orconectes rusticus, were assayed in the laboratory for 6 days over a 13-day period. Snails displayed consistent, individually repeatable responses to the predation cues, including hiding (refuge use) and substratum avoidance (crawling to the water surface or out of the water). We assessed shell morphology using morphometric techniques that isolate geometrically independent components of size and shape variation corresponding to aperture width and apertural obstruction. Previous studies indicate that large size, narrow apertures and obstructed apertures reduce morphological vulnerability to the shell-entry predation tactics used by crayfish. In the present study, small, and thus more vulnerable, prey tended to show stronger antipredator behaviour than large prey (i.e. behavioural compensation for morphological vulnerability). In contrast, behavioural and shape-based defences were positively correlated; snails with narrow apertures showed strong antipredator responses. We refer to this 'double defence' against predators as cospecialization. With either compensation or cospecialization, suites of correlated behavioural or morphological traits must be studied in tandem to understand the adaptive value of prey responses to predators. Copyright 1999 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- TJ Dewitt
- Center for Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kentucky
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Lima SL. Stress and Decision Making under the Risk of Predation: Recent Developments from Behavioral, Reproductive, and Ecological Perspectives. ADVANCES IN THE STUDY OF BEHAVIOR 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3454(08)60366-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 880] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Complex Fish-Snail-Epiphyton Interactions and Their Effects on Submerged Freshwater Macrophytes. THE STRUCTURING ROLE OF SUBMERGED MACROPHYTES IN LAKES 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4612-0695-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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McKillup SC, McKillup RV. The decision to feed by a scavenger in relation to the risks of predation and starvation. Oecologia 1994; 97:41-48. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00317907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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49
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Feeding and aggressive behaviours in juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) under chemically-mediated risk of predation. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00168819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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